Breast adenosis: what is it? Signs and treatment of mammary adenosis Focal mammary adenosis

There are several forms of breast adenosis, which are usually localized in the glandular components of the mammary gland. With sclerosing adenosis, the growth of lobules is observed, while the layers of internal and external tissue are preserved.

The first stage of dishormonal diseases of the mammary gland develops mainly at the age of 30–40 years, but pathology is possible at a younger age and after 50 years.

Adenosis is one of the simplest forms of dishormonal pathologies. With the sclerosing form, there is practically no change in the glandular tissues, the basement membranes are preserved, and the structures are limited.

Sclerosing adenosis consists of small compactions that are associated with enlarged lobules. Usually the seals are very sensitive, in some cases they are painful. Due to distorted forms on mammography, adenosis can be mistaken for a cancerous tumor, but it is worth noting that the pathology refers to benign conditions.

The disease can be detected against the background of pathological proliferation of breast tissue, which leads to a change in shape, carcinoma (ductal or lobular).

ICD-10 code

In ICD-10, sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland is classified as a disease of the breast (N60-64).

ICD-10 code

N60.3 Fibrosclerosis of the mammary gland

Causes of sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland

The main cause of the pathology is hormonal imbalances that occur in a woman’s body (a common cause of this is constant stress and a weak immune system).

An imbalance of sex hormones in a woman can be associated with puberty and pregnancy, in which case the level of estrogen and prolactin in the blood increases, and progesterone decreases. Such hormonal changes cause the development of various forms of mastopathy, but protracted hormonal disorders usually lead to sclerosing adenosis.

To determine the cause of the disease, a blood test for hormonal ratios is often prescribed.

In some cases, sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland is associated with hyperplastic processes in the pelvis (excessive growth of the endometrium, ovarian dysfunction, ovarian cysts, pathologies of the thyroid gland, excess weight associated with pathologies of the thyroid gland or consumption of foods high in fat and easily digestible carbohydrates).

Pathogenesis

Adenosis increases the risk of developing breast cancer several times compared to other types of mastopathy. Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland is diagnosed in women aged 20–40 years (approx. 5% of all cases of mastopathy).

The disease is characterized by the proliferation of connective cells in epithelial tissue and their fibrous degeneration. During the process of tissue replacement, calcifications are formed, which on mammography are often confused with an invasive form of breast cancer.

Sclerosing adenosis comes in two forms: limited (single nodules) and diffuse (multiple foci).

Symptoms

A common symptom of the pathology is frequent nagging pain that intensifies before menstruation. A palpable, regular-shaped lump appears in the chest (in the entire gland or in a separate area), which can spread to surrounding tissues.

Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland can also affect the ducts of the mammary gland, which causes the formation of papillomas (a benign tumor in the form of a nipple-like growth).

Diffuse sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland

The diffuse form of sclerosing adenosis is caused by a violation of neurohumoral regulation, which leads to increased production of estrogen or a lack of progesterone in the body. The disease can also be triggered by bad habits (alcohol, smoking), ecology (especially in large cities), harmful production (ionizing radiation), and passion for tanning (solariums, beaches, etc.). Childbirth (from 20 to 25 years), breastfeeding, oral contraception (within reasonable limits) will help reduce the risk of pathology; all these factors represent a kind of protection against diseases caused by dishormonal pathologies.

Diffuse sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland is associated with the phase of the menstrual cycle and provokes severe pain in the second half or middle of the cycle.

Proliferation without atypia

Benign breast lesions are divided into three categories based on cell type: without proliferation (no tissue growth is observed), with proliferation without atypia, and atypical growths of the glandular component of the mammary gland.

Pathologies without proliferation usually do not degenerate into cancerous tumors.

Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland is characterized by the growth (proliferation) of glandular tissue in the center of the mammary gland lobule, while the cells can retain their structure, i.e. the disease develops without atypia.

With atypical hyperplasia, the risk of transformation into a cancerous tumor increases 4-5 times.

First signs

Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland may not appear for a long time; the main symptom may be pain in the mammary glands before menstruation, which usually does not cause concern for many women. The pain in most cases is nagging and intensifies in the corpus luteum phase.

The development of adenosis may be indicated by the appearance of a movable lump in the mammary gland that can be palpated.

Consequences

When sclerosing adenosis is detected, specialists, in most cases, are in no hurry to prescribe treatment, especially hormonal drugs.

Hormones can harm women's health, especially at a young age, since hormonal surges occur most often during this period and the pathology can go away without much intervention.

If the need arises, a specialist can prescribe minimal hormonal therapy; operations for this form of mastopathy are performed very rarely.

Despite the fact that doctors are in no hurry to treat sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland, the risk of degeneration into a cancerous tumor is quite high and constant monitoring of the woman’s condition is required.

Complications

Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland usually requires minimal treatment, which includes changes in diet and treatment of diseases that provoked hormonal imbalances.

Typically, this form of mastopathy does not cause an atypical process, but the woman is recommended to undergo regular examination by a mammologist.

Diagnosis of sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland

If dyshormonal diseases of the mammary gland are suspected, after a preliminary examination by a specialist, mammography and ultrasound examination are prescribed.

The examination helps to identify the pathological focus, determine the shape and boundaries of the tumor.

With the growth of adenosis and damage to the milk ducts, the likelihood of developing a malignant process significantly increases. For timely detection of pathology, cytological, histological and immunological studies are prescribed.

Analyzes

Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland is considered a hormone-dependent disease, and to identify the causes, a hormone test is prescribed.

An analysis of the level of progesterone, luteonizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen, testosterone, etc. allows you to determine whether there are hormonal imbalances in a woman’s body.

Estrogen is produced by the ovaries (a small part is produced by the adrenal glands), these hormones are responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics, and are also involved in the reproductive system.

Estradiol is distinguished by its special biological activity, which is responsible for cyclical changes in the body, helps reduce the risk of developing heart and vascular diseases, and prevents the development of osteoporosis.

Progesterone is produced mainly by the ovaries (a small part by the adrenal glands). This hormone is also called the pregnancy hormone, since in an “interesting” position the level of the hormone increases, it helps prepare the inner layer of the uterus for implantation of the embryo, prevents embryo rejection, and reduces uterine contractions.

FSH and LH are classified as gonadotropic hormones, the production of which is responsible for the pituitary gland. They are responsible for the maturation of follicles, the formation of the corpus luteum and the production of progesterone and estrogen.

In addition to determining the level of hormones, the ratio of hormones in the body is important.

Instrumental diagnostics

Instrumental diagnostic methods are necessary to make an accurate diagnosis.

This type of diagnosis can be invasive (violating the integrity of the skin) and non-invasive. Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland

Invasive procedures include a biopsy, which allows tissue samples to be examined under a microscope.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy is used for palpable breast masses. The procedure is performed without anesthesia, using a syringe and a thin long needle.

A needle is inserted into the mammary gland and glandular tissue is drawn into the syringe, which is sent for laboratory testing.

A core needle biopsy allows you to obtain more breast tissue for examination. The analysis requires a thick needle with a cutting device.

The advantage of the method is that, thanks to a larger area of ​​tissue, after histology the doctor will be able to make a more accurate diagnosis.

Non-invasive, i.e. Instrumental diagnostic methods that do not violate the integrity of the skin include mammography, ultrasound, and computed tomography.

Mammography is recommended annually for women after 35 years of age. The purpose of this study is the early detection of pathological changes in the mammary gland. On a mammogram, each breast disease has its own characteristic picture.

Ultrasound examination makes it possible to clarify the nature of changes in the mammary glands. The method is simple and safe; the advantage is to identify the differences between hollow (cysts) and solid formations (tumors).

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis is considered the most important when making a diagnosis. This diagnostic method allows you to distinguish diseases from each other, since the same symptoms can be associated with different diseases.

During the examination, the specialist gradually excludes diseases that do not match certain symptoms, which as a result makes it possible to make the final, only probable diagnosis.

Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland is usually detected by a doctor during examination; upon palpation, dense nodes of a regular shape are detected. The patient’s complaints about pain are also taken into account (nature, at what period of the cycle it manifests itself, etc.). To confirm the diagnosis, an ultrasound is usually prescribed, since mammography has a high risk of incorrect results (adenosis can be mistaken for breast cancer).

Treatment of sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland

Features of treatment depend on the stage, age and general health of the patient. In most cases, sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland is not treated, and the woman must have an ultrasound scan and visit a doctor annually.

In some cases, multivitamin preparations, sedatives, combined oral contraceptives or hormones, drugs to improve immune function, and diuretics may be prescribed.

For dishormonal pathologies, oral combined contraceptives (Lindinet 30) can be prescribed. Such drugs contain a certain level of hormones that balance hormonal levels and prevent monthly hormonal fluctuations in the body.

Lindinet 30 contains a synthetic analogue of estradiol, which regulates the menstrual cycle, as well as gestodene (an analogue of progesterone). The drug helps prevent a number of gynecological diseases, including the growth of tumors. Take 1 tablet. daily (preferably at the same time) for 21 days, then after a week's break the course is repeated.

Progestogens (Duphaston, Norkolut) are steroid hormones that suppress the production of luteinizing hormone and have antiestrogenic, progestogenic, androgenic and antiandrogenic effects.

After taking it, you may experience swelling, nausea, and high blood pressure. In case of liver dysfunction and a tendency to thrombosis, such drugs are contraindicated.

Duphaston contains dydrogesterone, whose properties are close to natural progesterone; the drug does not have the side effects characteristic of most synthetic progesterone analogues.

You need to take Duphaston 10 mg 2-3 times a day for 20 days (from 5 to 25 days of the cycle) or continuously.

Norkolut blocks the production of gonadotropin and prevents the maturation of follicles.

Prescribe 1-2 tablets on certain days of the cycle.

In some cases, the doctor decides to surgically treat adenosis (usually if a malignant process is suspected).

Drug treatment

When choosing hormonal therapy, experts prefer Lindinet 30, which helps reduce the clinical manifestations of sclerosing adenosis.

After 2 months from the start of taking the drug, the symptoms of the disease and menstruation normalize.

During use, some adverse reactions of the body may occur: increased blood pressure, thromboembolism (including myocardial infarction, stroke), and possible hearing loss.

Take Lindinet 30 according to the regimen - 1t every day. for 21 days, then a 7-day break is taken and the course is repeated. The average duration of treatment is 6 months; the decision to continue treatment is made by the attending physician.

In addition to Lindinet 30, other oral contraceptives that contain dienogest (2 mg) can be prescribed: Zhenegest, Janine Silhouette.

Gestagens are used for more severe symptoms of adenosis, which are especially intensified before menstruation.

Among such drugs are Norkolut, Pregnin, Duphaston, Progesterone (oil solution), which are prescribed from the 16th to the 25th day of the cycle. The effect of treatment appears after 2 months - discharge from the nipples, engorgement and pain in the mammary glands decreases (sometimes stops completely). The course of treatment is from 3 to 6 months.

Pregnin belongs to the group of progestogens and is an analogue of corpus luteum hormones. Prescribe 1-2 tablets 2-3 times a day, with increasing dosage there may be an increase in pressure, swelling, and a brief increase in uterine bleeding.

Progesterone (oil solution) – the hormone of the corpus luteum has a gestagenic effect. Usually prescribed at a dose of 5 mg daily, it can cause drowsiness, apathy, headaches, blurred vision, decreased menstrual cycle, swelling, increased blood pressure, weight gain, and allergies.

Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland is treated with gestagenic drugs for 3 to 6 months; at the discretion of the doctor, the use of drugs can be extended.

Traditional treatment

You can try to cure sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland with folk remedies, but it is worth remembering that any prescription, even harmless at first glance, should be carried out after consulting a doctor.

For adenosis, you can use compresses:

• apply pumpkin pulp to the affected breast for 3-5 days
• apply a cabbage leaf greased with butter and sprinkled with salt to the chest at night for a week (usually the pain decreases in the morning).
• grated fresh beets with 2 tbsp. warm vinegar is applied to the chest for 8 to 10 days.

These methods help reduce the unpleasant symptoms of the disease.

Herbal treatment

Today, treatment of various forms of mastopathy, including sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland, can be carried out using medicinal herbs, but in this case an integrated approach is mandatory.

Herbal medicine can use plants of several groups - gonadotropic (selectively affect female sex hormones), antitumor herbs, immunomodulators.

Gonadotropic plants can be poisonous (characterized by a rapid therapeutic effect and a large number of side effects) and ordinary (act more slowly, have mild properties and a minimum of side effects).

Poisonous plants of this group: black cohosh, prince of Okhotsk, meadow lumbago, twisted kirkazon; common ones include oregano, lemon balm, boron uterus, fragrant woodruff, lavender, radiola, zuznik, horehound, angelica.

Herbs with antitumor effect: plantain, St. John's wort, elecampane, calendula, lemon balm, hawthorn, nettle, wormwood, horsetail, mint, aloe, immortelle, calamus rhizomes, etc.

To increase immunity, calamus, Manchurian aralia, aloe, echinacea, chamomile, hawthorn, and ginseng are used.

The following recipe helps relieve the symptoms of adenosis: valerian root, string, celandine, St. John's wort, nettle, rose hips, mint, hawthorn flowers 1 tbsp. Mix all ingredients, take 1 tbsp. and pour 1 liter of boiling water, leave for 15-20 minutes, take 2 times a day (between meals).

Homeopathy

Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland can be treated using homeopathy; this method is recommended by a number of specialists, recognizing it as effective in the case of this pathology.

For this type of adenosis, the homeopathic drug Mastodinon is usually prescribed.

The product is available in the form of tablets or drops. The therapeutic effect is achieved due to natural ingredients - iris variegated, alpine violet, bittersweet, prutnyak, cohosh, tiger lily (it is worth noting that the composition also contains alcohol). The drug reduces the production of prolactin and has a positive effect on breast tissue, preventing pathological processes.

After about six months, a therapeutic effect can be observed, while Mastodinon can be used both as part of complex therapy and independently.

Side effects during use occur extremely rarely, most often expressed in allergic reactions. Sometimes nausea, stomach pain, weight gain, headaches, and acne may bother you.

Girls under 12 years of age should not take the drug during breastfeeding, pregnant women, or if they have an individual intolerance to certain components.

It is worth noting that drinking alcohol and smoking negatively affect any treatment, and homeopathy is no exception, despite the fact that all homeopathic medicines have natural ingredients.

You usually need to take Mastodinon 2 times a day, 1 tablet. or 30 drops.

The drops should first be shaken well before use and diluted with water.

Mastodinon must be taken for at least 3 months, but noticeable improvements in the condition are observed after six months of continuous treatment.

Surgical treatment

Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland is treated surgically extremely rarely. When choosing this treatment method, sectoral resection is usually prescribed.

The operation can be performed under local or general anesthesia (depending on the number and size of the nodes, age, and concomitant diseases).

During the operation, the surgeon always cuts the edge of the areola; the removed node is subsequently sent for histology to clarify the nature of the tumor or determine further treatment tactics.

Usually the next day after the operation, the patient is discharged from the clinic; the doctor may prescribe painkillers.

If a woman has one node or multiple nodes that are not prone to growth, the disease is not treated, and the woman is prescribed regular examination (every 6 months, ultrasound and examination by a mammologist).

Prevention

Hormonal changes in the female body occur regularly, but dishormonal diseases such as sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland can be prevented both in a teenage girl and after 40 years.

Preventive measures are quite simple; it is necessary to promptly identify and treat gynecological and other diseases. It is also necessary to remember the following measures that help reduce the risk of developing dyshormonal diseases: first pregnancy (necessarily full-term), absence of abortions, regular examination by a gynecologist, reduction of stressful situations.

Physical activity is important; swimming has a good effect on a woman’s overall health. Don't forget about proper nutrition.

Forecast

Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland does not pose a threat to a woman’s life, but still, the pathological process can degenerate into a malignant formation, therefore, in this case, timely diagnosis and regular monitoring by a mammologist are extremely important.

Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland is a benign process in which the glandular structure grows. The disease is associated with hormonal changes in a woman’s body, especially long-term hormonal imbalance leads to the development of adenosis. The pathology in most cases does not require treatment, sometimes sedatives can be prescribed (if hormonal disorders are associated with stress), hormones, treatment of existing concomitant diseases is also indicated, and in rare cases, surgical treatment is prescribed.

– a form of fibrocystic mastopathy, accompanied by the proliferation of glandular breast tissue. It manifests itself as pain and engorgement of the breast, the formation of dense areas in it, and the appearance of discharge from the nipple. Diagnosis of adenosis is based on the collection of complaints and medical history, examination and palpation of the breast, additional research methods (ultrasound and radiography of the mammary glands, determination of hormone levels, cytological examination of nipple discharge and biopsy). Treatment of the disease depends on its form and includes conservative therapy (prescription of hormones) or surgery.

Adenosis refers to benign formations of the mammary glands of a hormonal-dependent nature, which is confirmed by the occurrence of symptoms in the second phase of the cycle. Synonyms for adenosis are “fibrosing adenosis”, “myoepithelial hyperplasia” or “lobular sclerosis”. Adenosis affects women of reproductive age - the prevalence of the disease in the age group of 30–40 years is 30–70%. In women with gynecological diseases, the frequency of adenosis increases to 100%. This condition can develop in girls during the period of menstruation and in women in the first trimester of pregnancy, which is considered physiological, since all manifestations of adenosis disappear on their own after some time, after the hormonal levels have stabilized.

Causes of mammary adenosis

The main and only cause of the pathology is hormonal imbalance - lack of progesterone and excess estrogen. Etiological factors causing hormonal imbalance include:

• Obesity. Adipose tissue synthesizes estrogens. With excess weight, estrogen production increases, which leads to relative hyperestrogenism (progesterone levels remain normal).
• Spontaneous and induced abortions. Termination of pregnancy, especially at long terms (15–22 weeks), provokes a sharp hormonal change and a breakdown of compensatory mechanisms. The level of sex hormones does not immediately return to normal, which gives impetus to the development of endocrine problems, in particular adenosis.
• Late pregnancy. In women over 35 years of age, ovarian function declines. The onset of pregnancy activates the work of the ovaries, which causes a postpartum failure in the synthesis of estrogen and progesterone and hormonal disruption.
• Postpartum agalactia. Agalactia indicates a lack of progesterone, which is responsible for the development and differentiation of mammary gland parenchyma cells, and an excess of estrogen. With hyperestrogenism, the glandular stroma grows; a lack of progesterone leads to uncontrolled growth of the glandular epithelium.
• Refusal to breastfeed. An increase in prolactin concentration due to lack of breastfeeding causes stagnation of milk in the ducts. Their blockage and expansion occur, which leads to structural changes - the formation of cysts.
• Uncontrolled use of COCs. Taking hormonal pills without taking into account individual characteristics and adherence to the regimen causes hormonal imbalance and the development of dysplastic processes in the breast.

Adenosis of the mammary glands most often occurs in patients with gynecological pathologies (endometrial hyperplasia, ovarian tumors, uterine fibroids, endometriosis), which also develop against the background of hyperestrogenism. Triggers that trigger hormonal disorders can be somatic diseases (arterial hypertension, pancreatic and liver diseases), chronic stress, sexual disorders, disturbed ecology, smoking.

Pathogenesis

Cyclic changes occur in the mammary glands, which are regulated by hormones: hypothalamic releasing factors, FSH and LH, estrogens, prolactin, human chorionic gonadotropin, androgens, glucocorticoids, progesterone, thyroid and pancreatic hormones. Adenosis is accompanied by absolute and relative hyperestrogenism, which is combined with progesterone deficiency. Estrogens ensure the proliferation of the milk ducts due to excessive cell proliferation and stromal hyperplasia through the activation of fibroblasts. The functions of progesterone include reducing the number of estrogen receptors on cell membranes and reducing the effect of estrogens on target organs (breasts, uterus).

With a lack of progesterone, the differentiation of the glandular epithelium and collagen cells formed in a significant number is reduced, and the blocking of proliferative processes is inhibited. As a result, cell division becomes uncontrolled, and the process of inhibition of proliferation in glandular tissues is disrupted. This leads to structural and morphological changes: proliferation and swelling of intralobular connective tissue, activation of proliferation of glandular epithelium in the mammary ducts, which causes their blockage, expansion and formation of cysts.

Classification

In mammology, a unified classification of breast adenosis is used. Systematization of formations is carried out according to the area of ​​gland tissue damage and the histological structure of adenosis. According to the prevalence of pathological formation, 2 forms are distinguished:

• Focal (local). A mobile large spherical or disc-shaped formation is formed in the gland. The node has a fibrous capsule and consists of lobules.
• Diffuse. Several areas of compaction appear in the mammary gland, the shape and boundaries of which are blurred. The formation grows unlimitedly and is located unevenly.

According to the type of overgrown epithelial cells of the gland parenchyma, they are distinguished:

• Sclerosing adenosis. Accompanied by proliferation of acini (areas of gland lobules) while maintaining the integrity of their epithelial and myoepithelial layers. Despite the compression of the acini by fibrous tissue, their configuration is maintained.
• Apocrine adenosis. It is characterized by apocrine metaplasia of the epithelium (the transition of cuboidal epithelial cells to cylindrical ones with the appearance of apocrine secretion). In terms of histological structure, apocrine adenosis is similar to infiltrating cancer, but its nature is benign.
• Ductal adenosis. It is distinguished by dilated milk ducts, which are limited by epithelial cells with columnar metaplasia. Similar to sclerosing adenosis.
• Microglandular adenosis. Accompanied by diffuse and random proliferation of small ducts. There is no sclerosis or compression of glandular tissue.
• Adenomyoepithelial adenosis. This form is very rare and is combined with the formation of breast adenoepithelioma. It is focal adenosis.

Symptoms of breast adenosis

The symptoms of adenosis are similar to the clinical picture of mastopathy. Depending on the form of the disease, the severity of certain symptoms varies. Common symptoms of adenosis include mastodynia (pain, engorgement of the glands, their increased sensitivity), pain that intensifies on the eve of menstruation, the appearance of discharge from the nipples, and breast tenderness on palpation.

With a local form of pathology, a dense, movable compaction with a lobular structure is felt in the gland, not fused with the surrounding tissues and having clear boundaries. Pain during palpation, discharge of mucus/milk from the nipple, skin deformation and enlargement of the axillary lymph nodes are not observed. The diffuse form of the disease is characterized by diffuse pain in the gland (pain covers the entire gland), the breast swells before menstruation, and a yellowish or colorless discharge appears from the nipple. Diffuse adenosis is characterized by the formation of several nodules of different sizes in the gland, which do not have clear boundaries and a specific shape. Nearby nodular formations merge, which creates the illusion of a tumor of considerable size. Palpation of the breast is painful, regional lymph nodes are not enlarged.

Complications

Late diagnosis and treatment of adenosis increases the risk of complications (inflammatory diseases of the breast, deformation of the gland, the formation of cysts in the breast tissue and papillomas in the milk ducts). According to the latest scientific data, a connection between the disease and breast cancer has been proven, the likelihood of which increases 5 times with adenosis. The incidence of malignancy of the neoplasm depends on the degree of proliferation of epithelial cells. Non-proliferative forms malignize in 0.86%; in the case of moderate proliferation, breast cancer develops in 2.5%; adenosis with a severe degree of cell proliferation transforms into a malignant tumor in 32% of cases.

Diagnostics

To diagnose adenosis, a consultation with a mammologist is necessary. The doctor collects anamnesis and complaints, clarifies the presence of concomitant somatic and gynecological diseases, performs a physical examination and palpation of the breast. If necessary, a gynecologist, oncologist and endocrinologist are involved in examining a woman. If adenosis is suspected, instrumental and laboratory diagnostic methods are prescribed:

• Mammography. Allows you to determine the localization of the process, its prevalence and boundaries. The radiograph shows multiple shadows with blurred boundaries and irregular shapes, corresponding to areas of overgrown lobules.
• Ultrasound of the mammary glands. Helps determine the location of the affected area of ​​the gland, its boundaries, consistency and size. Ultrasound reveals an increased density of glands in young women, small cysts (up to 3 mm) formed when the ducts are blocked, and the condition of the regional lymph nodes is assessed.
• Hormonal studies. The content of sex hormones, prolactin, FSH, LH is determined. According to indications, the concentration of thyroid and adrenal hormones is examined.
• Histological, cytological examination. A cytogram of the discharge from the gland and a puncture biopsy of the suspicious area of ​​the breast are performed. The presence/absence of atypical cells is determined in the smear, and the degree of cell proliferation of the formation is assessed in the biopsy material.

Clinical blood and urine tests, blood biochemistry (sugar, liver enzymes, etc.) are also prescribed to identify somatic pathologies. Differential diagnosis of adenosis is carried out with other dysplastic processes of the mammary gland (adenoma, fibroadenoma, cyst) and breast cancer.

Treatment of mammary adenosis

The treatment strategy for adenosis (conservative therapy or surgery) is determined by its form and the nature of the disease. In case of a diffuse form of pathology, conservative treatment is prescribed, which includes taking sedatives, vitamins (A, E, ascorbic acid, P, group B), minerals and hormonal drugs. For mild forms of the disease, monophasic combined oral contraceptives are used for a course of 6 months. With severe symptoms of adenosis, taking gestagens for at least 3 months is indicated.

Patients are advised to reconsider their diet: limit animal fats, carbohydrates, increase the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits. With a sedentary lifestyle, it is necessary to increase physical activity and normalize weight, and, if possible, avoid stressful situations. In the case of a focal form of adenosis, a sectoral resection of the gland is performed - excision of the formation within healthy tissue with urgent histological examination of the node. For cosmetic purposes, a breast incision is made around the areola of the nipple; after the wound heals, an inconspicuous scar remains.

Prognosis and prevention

With early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment, the prognosis for life and disease is favorable. Prevention of adenosis includes the prevention of abortions, competent selection of hormonal contraceptives, treatment of gynecological and endocrine diseases, preservation of the first pregnancy and lactation for at least 6 months, giving up bad habits and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. You should also regularly conduct breast self-examination, visit a gynecologist every six months, adhere to proper nutrition, and plan your first pregnancy before the age of 30.

Today, according to statistics, problems with the mammary glands occur in many women. The most basic and serious of them are various types of malignant and benign neoplasms. The latter are united by such a common medical term as “mastopathy”. It has many types. One of them is adenosis of the mammary glands. What this is, we explain further in the article.

The essence of adenosis

First, it is necessary to clarify the meaning of the underlying disease, namely mastopathy, a special case of which is adenosis.

The term “mastopathy” refers to benign growth, disruption of the functioning of glandular and connective cells in the female breast, and their imbalance.

The term “adenosis” is defined in a general sense as an increase in the normal number of cells of any gland.

Based on the definitions presented, it becomes clear that mammary adenosis is a process of proliferation and enlargement (hyperplasia) of glandular cells of the breast, in which certain changes in the overall condition and composition of the connective tissue of the mammary gland are subjected. Adenosis is a type of glandular mastopathy.

The main causes and risks of the disease

Breast adenosis occurs mainly in women aged about forty years. The main reason for its development is a change in hormonal balance. In this case we are talking about sex hormones.

At the same time, the main risk group includes women experiencing menopause and menopause, sometimes pregnant women and young girls during puberty.

The development of the disease can be provoked by the following phenomena:

• premature and induced births, late-term abortions;
• late first pregnancy (around 40 years);
• absence of pregnancies throughout a woman’s life;
• refusal of breastfeeding and lack of breast milk production.

You can also automatically fall into a risk group if you have:

Main signs and symptoms

Breast adenosis is determined by the general symptoms of mastopathy, which include:

• chest pain that worsens before the onset of menstruation;
• swelling and hardening of the mammary glands during menstruation;
• various types of discharge from the nipples;
• the appearance of compactions that can be detected by touch;
• pain when feeling the chest.

Certain forms of adenosis development manifest themselves in different ways, respectively, with certain symptoms expressed to a greater or lesser extent.

Forms of mammary adenosis

Two main forms have been identified - local and diffuse.

Local is accompanied by the appearance of lobular compactions and neoplasms, which are detected by normal palpation. They can be of completely different sizes.

In the diffuse form, no clearly defined areas are observed; growth occurs unlimitedly and unevenly.

Medical diagnosis reveals a specific form of breast adenosis.
Several subspecies have been identified:

• Sclerosing adenosis of the mammary gland. In simpler terms, this is the overgrowing of the milk ducts with epithelial cells. The process is characterized by different stages. Sometimes internal formation of significant papillomas occurs. In this case, there are no densified lobes; the breast will be painful with a general increased density.
• Apocrine adenosis. Defined by the formation of dense nodes like lobules. Overgrown epithelial cells have nuclei of different sizes containing granules inside. The nodes are accessible to palpation. Enlarge and thicken before menstruation.
• Ductal form. It is represented by the expansion of the milk ducts, which are limited by epithelial cells.
• Adenomyoepithelial adenosis. It is less common than other forms. It is expressed in the random formation of epithelial cells of different shapes in different places of the mammary gland.
• Microglandular. Also quite rare. Determined by tissue proliferation in the smallest ducts.

Diagnostics

Based on the first symptoms, a woman who knows how to examine her breasts is able to identify mastopathy herself. An accurate diagnosis can only be made by a specialist - a mammologist. After examining and palpating the breast, he will prescribe the necessary studies and tests.

To diagnose a certain type of adenosis, mammography is performed. It is an x-ray of the mammary glands. It is with its help that the specific form of the disease is established in order to prescribe the necessary treatment. This study is the most informative.

Ultrasound of the mammary glands - echography - is also used. It is a less accurate diagnostic technique and is used secondarily.

Treatment of breast adenosis

Treatment of any disease must begin with a correct diagnosis. Breast adenosis is no exception.

Depending on the specific form and stage of the disease, conservative or surgical treatment is used, and sometimes a combination of both.

The conservative technique is characterized by the use of various hormonal drugs. They are prescribed for a period of several months with constant monitoring of changes in the condition of the breast. Effective treatment is accompanied by the elimination of compaction, pain, roughness and discharge. Modern pharmaceuticals can combat the disease at its roots.

Surgical treatment is used in cases of ineffectiveness of conservative therapy and in more advanced forms of adenosis, most often in its sclerosing and apocrine forms. Surgical excision of the formed nodes and overgrown tissue is performed.

Prevention of adenosis

Disease is always easier to prevent than to treat. Therefore, by following certain preventive measures, you can prevent adenosis of the mammary gland, or begin proper treatment on time.

Such events include:

Breast adenosis is characterized by benign neoplasms, but if its treatment is delayed, this can provoke the transition of the disease to a malignant form. Therefore, strict control of this disease is essential.

Never self-medicate! Only a doctor, based on all the examinations performed, can correctly prescribe the necessary course of therapy. Follow all the doctor's recommendations and prescriptions, take preventive measures and stay healthy.

Adenosis (glandular mastopathy) is a disease in which an increase in the glandular component occurs and a change in the qualitative composition of the connective tissue of the mammary glands.

The predominant element of the stroma is collagen fibers, while the number of elastic fibers sharply decreases. In the mammary glands with adenosis, processes of both proliferation and regression are observed. This determines the complexity of the morphological changes occurring. Currently, there is a steady increase in glandular mastopathy (mammary adenosis) throughout the world. The frequency of this pathology in women of childbearing age ranges from 30 to 70%, and in patients suffering from gynecological pathology, it reaches 100%. At the same time, the greatest risk of adenosis is observed in those women who have gynecological diseases of a hyperplastic nature - uterine fibroids, endometrial hyperplasia, endometriosis and others.

Risk factors for mammary adenosis

In addition to the above risk factors for mammary adenosis, the following conditions are of great etiopathogenetic importance:

· no history of childbirth or pregnancy;

· late first pregnancy (35 years and older);

· induced abortions, especially at 14 weeks and later (up to 22 weeks);

· Lack of lactation or breastfeeding for no more than 2-3 months.

Effective treatment of mammary adenosis >>>

Long-term breastfeeding (more than a year) is also dangerous if the baby is not given anything other than breast milk, i.e. There are no complementary foods in his diet. In such conditions, increased lactation is observed to meet the growing needs of the child. Therefore, it may fail with the development of uncontrolled cell division of a benign nature.

The danger of adenosis of glandular mastopathy

Breast adenosis is not a harmless condition. Latest scientific

studies have proven the existing connection between this pathological process and malignant breast disease. The frequency of the latter age is 5 times in the presence of adenosis of glandular mastopathy. In this case, proliferating forms of adenosis pose the greatest danger. For this reason, competent and timely diagnosis is very important. glandular mastopathy followed by prescription of therapy.

During the diagnostic search, the doctor is faced with the task of identifying and determining the degree of proliferation, because the higher it is, the higher the risk of breast cancer. The statistical data is as follows: non-proliferative forms are accompanied by malignancy (the development of a malignant process from a primarily benign one) in 0.86% of cases; with moderate proliferation this value reaches 2.5%; with severe proliferation - 32%.

Mechanisms of development of adenosis of glandular mastopathy

Dishormonal mechanisms are leading in the development of mammary adenosis. This paired organ normally undergoes cyclic changes associated with endocrine regulation. Similarly, the dynamic development of the glandular component occurs during pregnancy and after childbirth to establish and ensure lactation. The main hormones that control these processes are:

· gonadotropic releasing factors produced by the hypothalamus;

· pituitary gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones);

· prolactin;

Choriogonin;

· androgens;

· endocrines of the thyroid gland;

· corticosteroids;

· insulin;

· estrogens;

· progesterone.

Hormonal imbalances affecting any of the factors listed above lead to mammary dysplasia (adenosis and other forms). Most often, there is an excess of estrogenic substances (both absolute and relative), combined with a lack of progesterone. This leads to morphological changes in the breasts associated with hormonal changes. Thus, estrogens cause:

· proliferation of epithelium inside the ducts associated with excessive cellular proliferation;

· an increase in the amount of stroma due to the activation of fibroblasts (cells that produce collagen).

Progesterone deficiency is associated with decreased differentiation of excess cells and collagen. Along with this, the blocking of proliferative processes is suppressed, and cell division becomes uncontrolled. Normally, progesterone also causes a decrease in the number of estrogen receptors on cell membranes, which reduces the effect of these hormones on target organs. This is a physiological process of suppressing cell proliferation in the mammary glands, which is sharply disrupted (inhibited) during adenosis.

Hormonal changes with adenosis are accompanied by changes in the breasts

· Swelling of the connective tissue located inside the lobule;

· proliferation of this type of tissue;

· proliferation of glandular epithelium in the ducts with subsequent blockage, which leads to the formation of cysts. The greater the degree of blockage, the larger the diameter of the cysts. In the mechanisms of adenosis development, an important role is played by increasing the concentration of prolactin in the body. This fact causes characteristic clinical signs in the form of engorgement of the mammary glands and their soreness. The greatest severity of these symptoms is observed in the second phase of the cycle, when there is a physiological increase in prolactin. This leads to additional hormonal imbalances. Based on the above, the causative diseases of mammary adenosis are distinguished:

· gynecological pathologies;

· sexual dysfunctions;

· dysfunction of the thyroid gland, especially hypothyroidism;

· burdened genetic background;

· diseases of the liver, gall bladder and its ducts;

· stress of various origins.

The development of mastopathy is also predisposed by those hormonal changes that are observed during menarche (first menstruation) and menopause (complete extinction of menstrual function). Therefore, in these age periods the incidence of mammary adenosis is highest. At 30-40 years of age, multiple small cysts develop against the background of long-term mastopathy. Large cysts in the amount of 1 to 2 are more often recorded in patients 35 years of age and older.

Diagnostic search for suspected adenosis

If adenosis of the mammary glands is suspected, the necessary examinations to help establish an accurate diagnosis are:

· examination of the breast and its palpation;

X-ray examination (mammography);

Ultrasound scanning (echolocation);

· puncture of suspicious areas and cytological examination (study of the cellular composition) of the resulting punctate;

· in rare cases - histological examination (study of tissue structure).

Examination and palpation of the mammary glands should evaluate the following criteria:

· appearance of the breast;

· symmetry and color of the skin of the mammary glands;

· condition of nipples;

· condition of regional lymph nodes (axillary, supra- and subclavian).

The breast examination must be carried out in a vertical position of the woman, first with her arms down, and then with her arms raised up. Palpation (palpation) is also performed in two positions - first the patient stands and then lies on her back. If any changes are detected, additional studies are indicated - echolocation (ultrasound) and radiography.

Ultrasound imaging, performed using modern devices, has a number of positive aspects. These include:

· the harmlessness of the procedure, which makes it possible to repeat it more than once if there is a need for a dynamic assessment of the organ, incl. to assess the effectiveness of treatment;

· high efficiency;

· assesses the condition of regional lymph nodes.

Ultrasound in some cases has an advantage over x-ray examination. With its help, you can most reliably establish a diagnosis in cases such as:

· increased density of the mammary glands observed in young patients;

· presence of cysts of small diameter (up to 3 mm);

· minimal amount of adipose tissue (if there is an excess of it, the information content of ultrasound is much lower than mammography).

Mammography is an x-ray examination that is performed without the use of contrast agents. It is performed in two positions - anterior projection and lateral. The reliability of the study is high, so it is one of the most common methods currently used for diagnosing the condition of the mammary glands. For breast cancer, the reliability of the method is 95%, and it can be used to detect tumors with a diameter of up to 1 cm. However, mammography is not without its disadvantages, which include:

· impossibility of use during pregnancy and breastfeeding;

· presence of contraindications to the study in patients under 35 years of age;

· lack of information with increased density of the mammary glands.

Considering the common etiopathogenesis of mammary adenosis and benign gynecological diseases, women with suspected mastopathy are advised to undergo a vaginal examination. In most cases, it is supplemented with ultrasound scanning of the genitals, preferably using a vaginal probe. It has high resolution, allowing the detection of minimal nodal changes.

Therapeutic approach for adenosis

Treatment of adenosis is determined by the characteristics of the process - nodular or diffuse form.

If nodes are present, puncture with aspiration is indicated. If the resulting material contains cells with signs of dysplasia or cancerous elements, then surgical intervention is performed - removal of the pathologically altered area or the entire mammary gland with mandatory histological examination. It must be performed during surgery, because The scope of intervention may need to be expanded.

For diffuse forms of adenosis and after surgical removal of nodular forms, conservative treatment is carried out. It implies two main directions:

1. symptomatic;

2. hormonal.

Symptomatic therapy is aimed at relieving the manifestations of the disease - primarily pain and engorgement of the glands. Therefore, the following drugs are indicated:

· analgesics (painkillers);

· prolactin inhibitors (especially when releasing pathological secretions from the breast);

· non-steroids.

Hormonal therapy is pathogenetic, but it cannot affect the cause of the disease. With its help, you can eliminate the existing endocrine imbalance. However, it is only effective when taking appropriate medications. Immediately after their withdrawal, hormonal ratios may return to their previous levels, which leads to relapse of the disease.

Drugs from this group can be introduced into the body in different ways:

· orally - taken in tablet form;

· injection - intramuscular or subcutaneous injections given at certain time intervals (for example, after 3 months);

· transdermal - a patch with hormones is glued to the skin.

The effectiveness of hormonal drugs varies depending on their mechanism of action. Taking replacement medications is considered the most effective. However, they also lead to serious side effects that resemble symptoms during menopause (estrogen deficiency states). Therefore, the duration of treatment should not exceed 6 months. But even in this short time, some patients manage to experience the negative consequences of taking these medications. In this regard, the issue of rational conservative treatment of mammary adenosis still remains relevant.

Currently, a group of drugs has been developed that do not have hormonal activity, but change the disrupted endocrine status. The point of application of their action is considered to be cellular estrogen receptors and sites of hormone synthesis (liver and other organs). Therefore, after completing a course of therapy with these drugs, relapse of mastopathy is a rare phenomenon. Adenosis of the mammary glands is one of the forms of mastopathy. It usually occurs in women aged 30 to 40 years. Very rarely, girls during puberty, as well as expectant mothers, face this problem. Moreover, their adenosis is considered a physiological condition and soon goes away on its own.

Adenosis of the mammary glands: forms, treatment features

In medicine, the term “adenosis” means pathological hyperplasia of any glands of the human body. Breast adenosis is characterized by a benign proliferation of the epithelium that makes up the milk lobes. Fibrous nodes and cysts are also present, but they are insignificantly expressed. The main reason for the development of the disease is a failure in the production of hormones.

There are several forms of adenosis:

1. Depending on the type and number of neoplasms:

Local (tumor) - there is one mobile large compaction, shaped like a ball or disk, as well as a lobular structure and a fibrous capsule;
- diffuse - several nodes are formed without clear boundaries and shape, unevenly located in the breast tissue.

2. Depending on the type of overgrown epithelial cells:

Apocrine;

Tubular;

Microglandular;

Adenomyoepithelial.

Features of changes occurring in cells are revealed through histological examination. Determining the form of adenosis on this basis is especially important for excluding a diagnosis such as breast cancer. Separately, sclerosing adenosis is distinguished - a condition in which fibrous tissue “grows” into glandular cells, but the structure of the epithelium and mammary lobes is preserved. This type of pathology requires minimal treatment, which involves lifestyle modification and elimination of the causes that led to hormonal imbalance.

Symptoms and diagnosis

Signs of adenosis are similar to the general main symptoms of mastopathy and depend on the form of the disease. With local pathology, the lump can be felt, however, no pain, no discharge from the nipple, no skin deformation, no inflammation of the lymph nodes is observed. If we are talking about diffuse adenosis, then, as a rule, the following symptoms are present:

Swelling, increased sensitivity, tenderness of the breast before menstruation;
- yellowish or colorless discharge from the nipple.
The main diagnostic method for adenosis is mammography, which clearly shows the affected areas. In addition, if cancer is suspected, histological examination of overgrown cells is used.

Treatment of adenosis

In most cases, adenosis is treated with conservative methods. It is practiced to take vitamins, minerals, sedatives, homeopathic medicines and herbal remedies. Lifestyle changes are also of great importance: women are recommended to exercise physical activity, healthy eating and a calm atmosphere. Sometimes hormonal correction is required. Surgery is performed only in exceptional cases, if tumors quickly increase in size or number, and conservative therapy does not produce results. It is believed that adenosis of the mammary glands does not increase a woman’s chances of getting cancer, but only if it does not progress. Therefore, it is very important to consult a doctor at the first sign of a problem and begin treatment.

The anatomical and functional basis of the mammary glands are lobules capable of producing a special secretion for feeding a newborn baby: in the postpartum period, glandular tissue in the breast ensures milk production. Breast adenosis is a condition in which the tissue structure is dominated by an increased number (hyperplasia) of glandular lobules in the absence of lactation. The disease most often occurs in young women who delay childbearing and refuse breastfeeding.

Diffuse mastopathy with a predominance of the glandular component

Any variant of the hyperplastic process can become the basis for precancer. , in which adenosis occurs in the breast (an increase in the glandular part of the tissue), is a risk factor for diffuse forms of neoplasia of the mammary glands.

Any of the variants of mammary gland adenosis is a borderline state between normal and pathological, occurring in young women (age from 16 to 30 years). It is important to detect the problem in a timely manner in order to prevent the development of dangerous conditions in the breast: the best prevention of adenosis and - pregnancy and long-term breastfeeding.

Area of ​​adenosis in the mammary gland - what is it?

Mastopathy with a predominance of adenosis is in most cases a hormone-dependent condition: hyperplasia of the milk lobules occurs against the background of prolonged action of estrogen hormones. Pathology in the breast can be local: a node in the mammary gland in a young woman is a limited area of ​​overgrown lobules.

Adenosis can be focal, which can become the basis for nodular mastopathy. Many small foci-nodules belong to the group, but can cause the formation of a large tumor. Diffuse variants increase the risk of developing cancer, but only in the absence of treatment and refusal to bear children.

Variants of mammary adenosis

Hyperplasia of glandular tissue can occur at any age and manifests itself in various forms of pathology. The following types of mastopathy with a predominance of adenosis are distinguished:

• diffuse;
• sclerosing;
• fibrosing;
• focal;
• local;
• small-knotted.

The disease can be bilateral, when changes occur in both glands. It is not always the case that a woman detects changes on her own: typical signs of the disease are similar to the usual manifestations of a premenstrual state.

Hello. I was diagnosed with adenosis type. Should you be afraid of breast cancer? Alevtina, 28 years old.

Hello, Alevtina. FCM with a glandular component (adenosis) is a common disease in young women. With timely detection and treatment, the risk of cancer is minimal. The optimal form of breast cancer prevention is pregnancy, birth and long-term breastfeeding.

Detection of pathology - signs and diagnosis according to ICD-10

Every woman should have her breasts assessed monthly, in the first days after the end of menstruation. It is important to notice the initial signs of pathology:

• painful engorgement of the mammary glands, occurring 7-10 days before the expected period;
• change in breast sensitivity – touch causes discomfort or pain;
• aching or nagging pain 2-5 days before the onset of menstruation;
• heaviness and increase in the size of the glands;
• palpation identification of small nodular lesions;
• liquid discharge from the nipples when pressing on the breast.

Some women perceive these symptoms as manifestations of a premenstrual state, refusing to visit a doctor. The presence of typical signs of pathology requires the following studies:

• ultrasound scanning of the mammary glands (young women under 35 years old);
• (X-rays are performed over the age of 35);
• tomography (CT or MRI) at the slightest suspicion of cancer;
• aspiration biopsy (if a node is present).

The mammologist will prescribe diagnostic tests, on the basis of which the specialist will make a diagnosis in the form of an ICD-10 code. Possible conclusions could be:

• N1 diffuse form of mastopathy
• N2 fibroadenosis of glandular tissue
• N3 fibrosclerosis in the chest
• N9 unspecified form of benign mastopathy

For any type of benign changes in the mammary glands, it is important to strictly and consistently follow the doctor’s instructions. The best treatment option for diffuse forms of mastopathy with adenosis is to conceive the desired baby, carry and give birth to a child with long-term lactation for at least 1 year.

Diffuse adenosis

Hyperplasia of the glandular tissue of the milk lobules in all parts of the breast is a standard form of the disease. Features of this form of the disease include:

• diffuse distribution in both glands;
• absence of clearly demarcated nodes (both on palpation and on ultrasound);
• connection with menstruation - an increase in pain and engorgement before critical days.

Diffuse adenosis is typical for young women who, for various reasons, postpone the birth of a child, and manifests itself with typical premenstrual symptoms. Lack of treatment or complete refusal of pregnancy can cause precancerous conditions to develop in the glandular tissue of the breast.

Sclerosing adenosis

Fibrosclerosis is typical for women over 35 years of age. The main reason is hormonal imbalances caused by age-related changes. Sclerosis is an increase in the thickness of interlobular fibrous tissue in the presence of hyperplasia of the glandular structures of the milk lobules. Symptoms of the disease include:

• nagging or aching pain in the chest, associated or unrelated to the menstrual cycle;
• palpation of small seals without identifying clearly demarcated nodes;
• no nipple discharge.

Sclerosing adenosis is one of the variants of age-related restructuring of the mammary glands, against the background of which it is necessary to constantly monitor the condition of the breast so as not to miss the occurrence of a tumor.

Hello. How dangerous is sclerosing adenosis of the mammary glands during menopause? Is it possible to develop into cancer? Irina, 51 years old.

Hello Irina. With the advent of menopause, an age-related restructuring occurs in the mammary glands, during which the number of glandular lobules decreases and adipose tissue increases. Adenosis is one of the unfavorable types of diseases in menopause, but the sclerosing and fibrosing types, being a benign pathology, rarely become malignant. It is necessary to be observed by a mammologist to prevent the situation from worsening.

Fibrosing adenosis

The replacement of glandular and muscle tissue with fibrous tissue is typical for older women. Fibrosing adenosis is a typical situation during menopause: the need for glandular lobules disappears, which leads to. Age-related changes are manifested by the following signs:

• local and intermittent chest pain;
• detection of a soft-elastic lesion in the mammary gland of small size;
• palpation of small nodules in the thickness of both glands.

A typical ultrasound picture (minimal amount of glandular tissue, predominance of fibrous strands and islets against a background of adipose tissue) indicates standard benign changes. Apart from observation by a doctor, no therapeutic action is required.

Focal adenosis

Growths of glandular tissue can be in the form of nodes - single or multiple. Having discovered a tumor-like formation, you need to consult a doctor and conduct a full examination to confirm the benign nature of the process. It is advisable to remove a large adenous lesion, proven by the result of a biopsy, because the node can become the basis for malignant degeneration. Mastopathy with a focal form of hyperplasia of glandular tissue includes:

• localized adenosis;
• small nodular adenosis.

In both cases, a woman may be bothered by premenstrual pain, the presence of lumps and heaviness of the mammary glands. Treatment and observation by a mammologist will help prevent dangerous types of diseases.

Treatment of mammary adenosis

Correction of breast pathology is selected individually for each woman. Adenosis of the mammary glands requires surgical intervention only in nodular forms of the disease, when there is a real risk of tumor formation. For diffuse forms, the mammologist will prescribe the following treatment measures:

• lifestyle changes with the obligatory abandonment of bad habits and diet correction;
• cyclic vitamin therapy (optimal for young girls under 20 years old) - taking vitamins determined by the doctor in different phases of the menstrual cycle;
• hormone therapy (correction of endocrine imbalance that provokes changes in glandular tissue) using herbal or synthetic drugs;
• long-term use of sedative herbal preparations.

After consulting with your doctor, you can use folk remedies, of which the following infusions have a good therapeutic effect:

• from horse chestnut;
• from walnut partitions;
• based on boron uterus;
• from burdock roots.

Hello. Is it possible to see adenosis of the mammary glands on an ultrasound? Or is it better to do? Inna, 35 years old.

Hello, Inna. An experienced ultrasound diagnostic doctor will detect a disease in the chest based on typical signs (increased thickness of glandular tissue, dilation of ducts, appearance of small cysts in the chest). Ultrasound of the mammary glands is performed for women under 35 years of age in phase 1 of the cycle (from 7 to 11 days). Mammography helps to make an accurate diagnosis in patients over 35 years of age. It is better for you, Inna, to do an ultrasound scan, but if there is any doubt about the diagnosis, you can additionally perform a mammogram.

You can ask your question to our author: