What does torpedo mean. Modern torpedo: what is and what will be. New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova

This section contains information about torpedo weapons, both domestic and foreign. You will be able to get information about the torpedoes that are currently in service, as well as samples of these weapons that were used earlier.

A torpedo is a self-propelled underwater projectile containing an explosive that is used to destroy enemy ships. A combat torpedo is a very complex mechanism, consisting of an engine, propellers or a jet nozzle, control devices and a warhead.

Marine torpedoes today are one of the main types of weapons for surface ships and submarines. They are especially important for arming submarines.

Domestic historiography believes that the first torpedo was invented by the Russian designer Alexandrov in 1865, but this project was not implemented in Russia. The first operational instance of this weapon was developed by the Englishman Whitehead in 1866, and torpedoes were used for the first time in battle in 1877.

Marine torpedoes became widespread already in the 20th century. Special ships appeared - destroyers, they had torpedo armament, high speed and weak armor.

The Japanese actively used torpedo weapons in the Russo-Japanese War of 1905. The "finest hour" of torpedoes was the First World War and the appearance of the first submarines. Torpedoes became the main weapon of these warships. The first torpedoes worked thanks to combined-cycle plants or compressed air, so they left a clearly visible trail behind them. This unmasked the torpedo and allowed enemy ships to evade them.

The electric torpedo was created by the Germans before the start of World War II. Submarines and torpedo weapons were also actively used in this conflict.

Modern torpedoes are a deadly threat to any ship. They are much more dangerous than anti-ship missiles. The fact is that if during the explosion of a rocket part of the energy is dissipated, then the entire energy of the torpedo explosion goes to the destruction of the ship's hull. Torpedoes are less visible than rockets, carry more explosives, and are very difficult to destroy while moving.

Modern torpedoes can be guided by sonar or controlled remotely from a ship's side via a special cable. This is how many foreign samples of torpedo weapons are arranged, including torpedoes from the USA, Germany, Great Britain. We have compiled for you information about the latest trends in the development of torpedo weapons in different countries.

Russia is a manufacturer of torpedo weapons. In the Soviet era, a huge backlog was created in this direction, today the torpedoes of the Russian Navy are among the best in the world.

The Russian fleet is armed with a special torpedo that can hit the enemy at high speed - about 200 knots. This is a jet torpedo-rocket "Shkval".

To achieve such an unprecedented speed, Flurry uses an interesting physical principle - supercavitation. That is, while moving around the Flurry, a gas bubble is created, which significantly reduces the resistance of the aquatic environment. But this is not enough: in order to achieve such speed, a jet engine is installed on the torpedo instead of the usual propeller.

It should be noted that the development of modern torpedoes is moving along a slightly different path: designers are trying to increase their firing range, reduce noise and increase accuracy. The latest torpedoes of the Russian and Western navies have a range of tens of kilometers, they are controlled by cable, they are very difficult to detect.

- (Torpedo) a steel cigar-shaped projectile with a length of 5.5 to 8.6 m and a diameter of 45 to 60 cm, equipped with an appropriate engine for movement in water. Torpedo. T. are the main weapons of submarines, destroyers and torpedo boats and ... ... Marine Dictionary

TORPEDO- metal explosive projectile for action under water; they blow up enemy ships, various underwater structures, and so on. A complete dictionary of foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language. Popov M., 1907. torpedo (lat. torpedo ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

torpedo- ampoule, projectile, mine, kaiten Dictionary of Russian synonyms. torpedo n., number of synonyms: 9 air torpedo (1) ... Synonym dictionary

TORPEDO- a self-propelled, self-guided and homing-to-target cigar-shaped underwater projectile, carrying a warhead (a conventional million nuclear) in the warhead to destroy ships, destroy moorings, docks, and other objects. Armed with torpedoes ... ... Great Polytechnic Encyclopedia

TORPEDO- (from lat. torpedo electric slope) a self-propelled and self-guided cigar-shaped underwater projectile, carrying a combat charge (conventional or nuclear) in the warhead to destroy ships, destroy piers, docks and other objects. ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

TORPEDO- TORPEDA, a self-propelled underwater projectile equipped with a propeller, used by submarines, small warships and aircraft to disable enemy ships. Modern torpedoes can be launched from rocket launchers, and often have... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

TORPEDO- TORPEDA, torpedoes, for women. (from lat. torpedo - numbness). 1. Self-propelled cigar-shaped underwater mine (military sea). 2. Cigar-shaped car with an open body (special). 3. A fish from the stingray group, with a rounded body, capable of ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

TORPEDO- TORPEDA, s, women. Self-propelled and self-guided underwater explosive projectile. Anti-submarine t. Reactive t. Aviation t. (Dumped into the water from an aircraft). | adj. torpedo, oh, oh. torpedo battery. T. apparatus (for throwing torpedoes). T.… … Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

TORPEDA, s, f. 1. Swift, sharp, active person. 2. Ampoule sewn in against alcoholism. Terry drunkard with a torpedo in the ass ... Dictionary of Russian Argo

torpedo- — Topics oil and gas industry EN double ended chargejack squibline squibtaw … Technical Translator's Handbook

Torpedo- This term has other meanings, see Torpedo (meanings). Launching a torpedo from a Virginia-class submarine (artist's drawing) ... Wikipedia

Books

• Torpedo for "Aurora", N. A. Cherkashin. The book of the seascape writer N. A. Cherkashin tells about the unknown and dramatic pages in the history of the Russian Navy, about how the fate of ships and sailors developed in ... Buy for 280 rubles
• Werewolf torpedo, Maxim Shakhov. During combat exercises, a top-secret Russian missile torpedo was lost. She fell into the hands of American intelligence agencies. A perfect provocative bomb capable of derailing Russia's negotiations and...

The task of any military action is to hit the enemy, while remaining invulnerable. Such a definition of the goal was a necessary condition for the development of new types of weapons. In its most complete form, this manifested itself in the creation of naval types of remote-action weapons, which led to the appearance of torpedoes in the fleet.

The forerunners of torpedoes were river floating mines, the inventor of which was a full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences B. S. Yakobi.

Thanks to the creation of steam engines, pole and towed mines appeared. The first of them was attached to a ten-meter metal pole mounted on board the boat. When the boat approached the enemy ship at a certain distance, the mine hit the side of the ship below the waterline. The second was towed on a cable, and it was necessary to drag it so that it hit the enemy ship. Since their use required approaching the enemy closely, this was dangerous and not always feasible.

The creation of a self-propelled mine became possible after the appearance of compact power plants (engines) operating on compressed air.

In 1865, the Russian designer I.F. Aleksandrovsky proposed to the Naval Ministry a project for a self-propelled projectile. However, this development was recognized as premature. Three years later, Aleksandrovsky's project was considered again, and the inventor was offered to make a mine at his own expense, with subsequent reimbursement of costs in case of successful tests. But by this time, the priority in creating a torpedo already belonged to the Englishman R. Whitehead.

In 1866, Whitehead, who worked in Austria-Hungary at a factory in the city of Fiume (now Rijeka), officially announced a self-propelled mine designed by him together with the lieutenant of the Austrian fleet I. Luppis, called "torpedo" (from the Latin word torpedo - "electric Stingray"). A year later, a prototype of a new weapon was made.

Aleksandrovsky managed to design his own torpedo in 1874 and was in strong competition with Whitehead.

Tests have shown that Aleksandrovsky's weapons are not inferior to foreign ones, and in some respects surpass them. Nevertheless, the Naval Ministry bought torpedoes from abroad. In total, Russia acquired 250 foreign self-propelled mines.

During the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. the young lieutenant of the fleet S. O. Makarov, the future famous admiral, made sure that he was given four torpedoes (Whitehead mines), bought before the war in Fiume. To launch them, a pipe was installed under the keel of one of the boats - a prototype of a torpedo tube, the other boat was supposed to launch a torpedo from a raft tied to the side.

January 14, 1878 entered the history of the fleet as the date of the first successful torpedo strike. From a distance of 60 m, two boats fired torpedoes at the same time. They hit the side of the Turkish patrol steamer Intibah. There was an explosion, then a strong crash from a broken ship. The ship lay on the right side and quickly sank to the bottom. It was a minute or two before the masts disappeared.

The boats "Chesma" and "Sinop", from which torpedoes were fired, are rightfully considered the founders of torpedo boats and group torpedo strike tactics. An important result of the bold attacks of Makarov and his associates was that Russian shipbuilders created another class of ships - destroyers. They could sail on the high seas and there deliver torpedo strikes against enemy ships.

In the second half of the XIX century. the torpedo was one of the most convincing embodiments of the latest achievements of science and technology. Since the invention of the torpedo, they have been improved, its parameters have improved significantly.

The experience of the First World War clearly showed that torpedo weapons are one of the most effective combat weapons of the fleet. In the period between the world wars, interest in this type of naval weapon increased even more. The search for new types of charges for torpedoes, fuses, combustible substances, engines, homing systems continued.

A modern torpedo is a self-propelled, self-guided and self-guided cigar-shaped underwater projectile carrying a warhead (conventional or nuclear) in the warhead to destroy ships, destroy moorings, docks and other objects.

Submarines, surface ships, torpedo boats, aircraft, and helicopters are armed with torpedoes. On ships, they are fired by torpedo tubes.

A torpedo tube is a device on ships for storing and firing torpedoes: a pipe with a diameter and length corresponding to the caliber of the fired torpedo, devices for entering data into the torpedo from the fire control system.

After the Second World War, the torpedo was improved, and its modernization acquired a clear anti-submarine orientation. It was the homing torpedo projectile that became the main enemy of modern nuclear submarines. Currently, most torpedoes are anti-submarine or dual-purpose.

In the latest modifications of torpedoes, in addition to complex automation, computer technology, there are computers that control the power plant, choosing the optimal mode of movement, as well as a homing system. This makes it possible to recognize and classify targets, to distinguish them from imitators and traps, and to ensure that the enemy's military equipment is hit in the most vulnerable spot.

"Torpedo boat", "torpedo tube", "torpedo attack" - such phrases are not uncommon in books on the history of military operations at sea. But what is a "self-propelled underwater weapon" doing on board a car that is not at all going to attack the battleship. AutoVesti are trying to figure it out.

It would seem that "front panel" is a simple and understandable combination of two well-known words. Why not limit them? But every now and then you hear from the owners of various cars - “torpedo”, “torpedo” ... Moreover, the origin of this unofficial term is opaque: what can the front panel of a car have in common with the torpedo that a submarine fires towards an enemy ship?

It is worth saying that the French term torpille and words derived from it in other languages ​​​​(including our "torpedo") have been used differently by motorists at different times. For example, at the beginning of the twentieth century, streamlined cigar-shaped bodies were called so. This fact does not require any special explanation - it is obvious that the bodies resembled those same naval torpedoes in their shape - but it does not help to clarify the issue with the dashboard either.

In the twenties, thirties and forties, the word Torpedo was found in the names of cars of many brands. Perhaps the most striking of them was the American Tucker Torpedo, which began production in 1947. Attention to it was attracted not only by the dynamic outlines of the body, but also by the front panel. More precisely, its absence: all instruments and switches were grouped around the steering wheel, and the entire space between the front seats and the engine shield was given to passengers. However, this information does not clarify the question that interests us. How could the fashion for the word denoting the front panel be introduced by a car in which this panel looked different from the vast majority of other cars - both produced in those years and produced now?

On Tucker Torpedo cars, there was no front panel in the current sense of the word at all.

Therefore, the origins of the term "torpedo" should be sought not in the names of cars, but in the names of companies. More precisely, one company that operated in Germany in the mid-twentieth century and specialized in the production of automotive appliances. As you might guess, the company was called Torpedo. Her devices were often found on cars of various brands, so at first the word "torpedo" was used to refer to the dashboard, and then to the entire front panel.

The new section of AutoVesti is looking for answers to questions that almost every person who is not indifferent to cars has thought about more than once - he thought about it, but did not find it necessary to waste time looking for answers. After all, these answers satisfy curiosity rather than bring practical benefits. But sometimes curiosity turns out to be no less strong instinct than concern for one's own well-being and comfort. Therefore, this week AvtoVesti daily publishes the answer to one of these questions. By the way, this will not be the first "week of simple questions": we are going to look for answers further - including answers to questions that you ask in the comments.