What does "sea saucer" mean? Sea limpets with garlic oil Sea limpet clam

Family Saucers - Patellidae- molluscs with a characteristic conical-shaped shell. They inhabit rocks, preferring areas periodically washed by the surf. Looking at the frozen shells, you might think that the saucers sit in one place all the time. But this is not so, it’s just that the period of their activity occurs at night. At this time, they venture on journeys of several tens of centimeters in length. At the end of the walk, the snail invariably returns to its old place and takes its previous position. The shape of the edges of the sink exactly follows the irregularities of the stone. During low tide, the animal presses tightly against the rock and retains water until the next tide. The limpets are perfectly adapted to the harsh living conditions in the surf zone. A thick shell protects them from attacks by predators and from waves, and a wide leg acts like a suction cup. Tearing a saucer from a stone is not an easy task for a predator

The limpets are similar in appearance but are profoundly different anatomically from fisurellids. At the same time, they are very similar to other representatives of sea limpets, tecturids and lepetids. Snails of this group are characterized by a simplified, symmetrical shell, shaped like a cap or an upturned saucer. An important anatomical feature characteristic of limpets is the presence in these snails of not two, but only one atrium, which is associated with changes in the respiratory system. In representatives of the family of limpets, both gills are reduced, remaining only in the form of rudiments; instead, secondary gills develop on the lower surface of the mantle. The family of sea limpets includes a relatively small number of forms. Patellidae are widely distributed in various seas, and some species are also found in highly desalinated inland seas. Some types of sea limpets are edible.

BIOLOGY OF THE SEA, 2011, volume 37, no. 3, p. 229-232

Brief messages

UDC 593 EMBRYOLOGY

reproduction and larval development of the limpet

LOTTIA PERSONA (RATHKE, 1833) (GAsTRoPoDA: LoTTIIDAE)1 © 2011 K. G. Kolbin, V. A. Kulikova

Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Marine Biology named after. A.V. Zhirmunsky Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041 e-mail: [email protected]

The article was accepted for publication on November 25, 2010.

The reproduction and development of the sea limpet Lottia persona (Rathke, 1833) was studied under laboratory conditions for the first time. Mollusks reproduce in the second half of July, have external fertilization, and have a pelagic lecithotrophic type of development. The larval shell is transparent, symmetrical, bag-shaped, with well-defined lateral recesses and a large rounded mouth. The sculpture of the protoconch is characterized by wide wavy lines separated by radial ribs; on the ventral side of the shell the lines become narrow and directed perpendicular to those of the dorsal and lateral sections. The duration of development from the moment of fertilization to sedimentation at a water temperature of 19-20°C is three days.

Key words: limpets, reproduction, egg, trochophore, veliger, protoconch.

Reproduction and larval development of the limpet Lottia persona (Rathke, 1833) (Gastropoda: Lottiidae).

K. G. Kolbin, V. A. Kulikova (A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041)

Reproduction and larval development of the limpet Lottia persona (Rathke, 1833) were investigated in vitro for the first time. The limpets breed in late July; they exhibit external fertilization and a pelagic lecithotrophic type of development. The larval shell is transparent, symmetrical, bottle-shaped, with well-marked lateral fossae and a large rounded operculum. The protoconch sculpture is characterized by broad wavy lines and radial ribs at the dorsal side. Ventrally, the lines become narrow and are directed perpendicular to those of the dorsal and lateral regions. Development from fertilization to settlement lasts 3 days at a water temperature of 19-20°C. (Biologiya Morya, Vladivostok, 2011, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 229-232).

Key words: limpets, reproduction, egg, trochophore, veliger, protoconch.

The Far Eastern seas of Russia are home to 27 species of limpets, of which 21 species belong to the family Lottiidae (Chernyshev and Chernova, 2005). Currently, there is practically no information in the literature about the reproductive biology of patellogastropods in this water area. There is only brief information on the reproduction and development of Erginus sybariticus (= Problacmea sybaritica) (Golikov, Kusakin, 1972; Golikov, Gulbin, 1978); Niveotectura pallida (= Acmea pallida) (Korenbaum, 1983); Iothia sp. and Erginus moskalevi (= Problacmea moskalevi) (Golikov and Gulbin, 1978; Golikov and Kusakin, 1978; Sasaki, 1998); Erginus rubella (= Problacmea rubella) and Rhodopetata rosea (Golikov and Gulbin, 1978); Erginus galkini (Chernyshev, Chernova, 2002); Lottia versicolor and Nipponacmea moskalevi (own data), Testudinalia tessellata (Golikov, Kusakin, 1978). The larval development and morphology of the protoconch of Limalepeta lima have been studied in most detail (see: Kolbin, 2006).

This work contains the first information about the reproduction and larval development of the sea limpet Lottia persona (Rathke, 1833) from the family Lottiidae. This is a Pacific widespread boreal species. It is found in the western and northern parts of the Sea of ​​Japan, distributed from the coast of Korea in the south, off the coast of the Kuril Islands, in the coastal waters of the Okhotsk and Bering Seas, off the Pacific coast of America to the Gulf. Monterey in California in the southeast. Predominantly littoral species, inhabiting

It occurs in the middle and lower horizons of the littoral zone and is rarely found in the uppermost sublittoral zone at a depth of up to 4 m. It lives mainly on hard and rocky soils at water temperatures from negative values ​​in winter to 20 ° C in summer with a salinity of 30-34% o ( Golikov, Kusakin, 1978).

Material and methodology. Lottia persona individuals were collected at a depth of 0-1 m in the hall. Vostok (Peter the Great Bay) in mid-July 2009. Mollusks ready for spawning were kept in an aquarium with sea water at a temperature of 19-20°C and constant aeration. Soon after spawning and fertilization, the embryos were transferred to 300 ml glass containers filled with sterilized seawater, which was changed after 48 hours. On the 3rd day of development, a substrate was added to the containers for settling of the larvae. The larvae were not fed during development.

To study the general morphology of the larvae, an MBS-10 binocular, a Leica MZ 12.5 stereomicroscope, and a Polyvar light microscope were used. The study of the sculpture of larval and juvenile shells was carried out using scanning electron microscopes Leo-430 and EVO-40. The shells were fixed in 70% ethyl alcohol, dried in alcohols of increasing concentrations and acetone, then glued to tables and sprayed with gold or platinum.

Results and discussion. Lottia persona is a dioecious species; in the pre-spawning period, the gonads of males are milky or cream-colored, while those of females are dark brown. Spawning mol-

1 The work was supported by grants from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (08-04-00929) and the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (10-Sh-V-06-122).

Morphology of larvae and protoconch of Lottiapersona. A - fertilized egg; B - trochophore; B - veliger; G - pediveliger; D - lateral side of the protoconch; E - dorsal side of the protoconch. Legend: ap - apical bundle of cilia, vl - velum, zn - leg bud, lu - lateral recess, n - leg, prt - prototroch, prk - protoconch, p - ribs, tlr - telotroch. Scale, µm: A - 50; B, G - 25; B - 30; D-E - 20.

lyuskov occurs in the second half of July at a water temperature of 19-20°C. Fertilization is external. Males release sperm in the form of dull white strands, which soon disintegrate and the sperm are dispersed in the water column. Females lay large, yolk-rich, light brown eggs with a diameter of 145 microns (see figure, A). 12 hours after fertilization, trochophores with a size of 145 µm develop. By this time, a powerful proto-troch has already been formed, encircling the larva almost in the middle and consisting of trochoblasts and bunches of long cilia (see figure, B). On the apical plate, covered with short cilia -

mi, a tuft of long cilia is clearly visible, on the opposite side a telotroch (anal tuft of cilia) is visible. Such a larva actively swims thanks to the work of the prototroch. After 38 hours, veligers develop from the trochophores. Veligers of L. persona, typical of Patellogastropoda, have a simple velum, not divided into lobes, equipped with long cilia, a transparent, symmetrical sac-like shell (protoconch) with well-defined lateral recesses and a large rounded aperture (see figure, C, E, F). The length of the early veliger protoconch is 174 µm, width -145 µm. The sculpture of the larval shell is represented by a

REPRODUCTION

With long wavy lines separated by radial ribs, on the ventral side of the shell the lines become narrow and directed perpendicular to those of the dorsal and lateral sections (see figure, E, F). On the 2nd day of development, the larvae begin to form a leg and individual larvae are already able to attach to the substrate for a short time (see figure, D). On the 3rd day, the larvae completely settle on the substrate, the leg begins to actively function, the velum is reduced, but its cilia retain mobility for several days. Eye tentacles appear. Such larvae are able to separate from the substrate and swim for a short time, after which they again sink to the bottom and attach to the substrate. The length of the protoconch before settling of the larvae is 180 µm, width - 145 µm. During metamorphosis, the teleoconch (juvenile shell) grows.

Sea limpets are one of the most ancient and primitive groups among living Prosobranchia. Almost all representatives of the order Patellogastropoda have a simple structure of the reproductive system and a completely pelagic lecithotrophic type of development (Fretter and Graham, 1962; Ivanova-Kazas, 1977; Sasaki, 1998). The exception is the viviparous species of the genus Erginus, in which embryonic and larval development takes place in the brood chamber (Lindberg, 1983).

Among the studied species of patellogastropods in the hall. Peter the Great, the smallest eggs (130 µm) are in Nipponacmea moskalevi (own data), and the largest (200 µm) are in Niveotecturapallida (= Acmaeapallida) (see: Korenbaum, 1983). In Limalepeta lima, the egg size coincides with that of the species under study (145 µm) (Kolbin, 2006). The duration of development of sea limpets from spawning to settlement is short and at a water temperature of 19-20°C it is 3-7 days. An exception is N. pallida, in which the eggs are quite large, and the larvae develop at a water temperature of 16-19°C and settle on the ground after 2-3 weeks. after fertilization (Korenbaum, 1983). Short development (3-4 days) is typical for species with a relatively small diameter of eggs, but in Lottia versicolor with a large egg with a diameter of 175 microns, development lasts 7 days. The shortest period of larval development is in Lottia persona, its duration is 3 days. The development of L. lima (Kolbin, 2006) and N. moskalevi (own data) lasts 4 days, L. versicolor - 7 days (own data). The rate of pelagic development of mollusks is determined not only by the size of the egg, but also by the ambient temperature. Thus, Lottia digitalis and L. asmi from the coastal waters of Oregon with egg diameters of 155 and 134 microns, respectively, at a temperature of 13°C complete development in 7-8 days, and at 8°C the pelagic phase increases by 2-3 days (Kay, Emlet, 2002).

Real sea limpets living in sea basins; however, conical shells arose several times during the evolution of gastropods in various clades with gill and pulmonary respiration. The name comes from the characteristic “saucer-shaped” shape of the shell. Many mollusks that have such a shell belong to different taxa:

• Patellogastropoda (English)Russian, for example Patellidae (English)Russian
• Vetigastropoda (English)Russian, for example Fissurellidae (English)Russian, Lepetelloidea (English)Russian
• Neritimorpha (English)Russian, for example Phenacolepadidae (English)Russian
• Heterobranchia, group of Opisthobranchia, e.g. Tylodinidae (English)Russian
• Heterobranchia, Pulmonata group e.g. Siphonariidae, Latiidae, Trimusculidae (English)Russian

A study of limpet teeth has revealed that they are the most durable biological structure known.

Real sea limpets

The term "True limpets" (English)Russian» used only in relation to marine mollusks of the ancient clade Patellogastropoda (English)Russian, which consists of five modern and two fossil families.

Use of a colloquial name

Along with true sea limpets, the term "sea limpets" is applied to a number of other snails whose adult shells are not coiled. The term "false limpets" is also used.

Marine representatives

• Keyhole saucer (English)Russian- Fissurellidae (English)Russian
• Inhabitants of underwater hydrothermal vents - Neomphaloidea (English)Russian and Lepetodriloidea (English)Russian
• Neritids - Phenacolepadidae (English)Russian
• Calyptraeidae (English)Russian
• Hipponix (English)Russian and other Hipponicidae (English)Russian
• Tylodina (English)Russian
• Umbraculum (English)Russian

• Two groups of false limpets with pulmonary respiration
  • Trimusculidae (English)Russian

Freshwater representatives

• River and lake animals with pulmonary breathing - Ancylidae (English)Russian

Most marine species have gills, while all freshwater and some marine species have a mantle cavity, which functions as a lung (in some cases, it has been re-adapted to release oxygen from the water).

Thus, the term "limpets" applies to a large, heterogeneous group of gastropods that have independently evolved to have similar shell shapes.

Write a review about the article "Sea limpet"

Notes

Links

• Educational page from Christopher F. Bird, Dep’t of Botany. Photos and detailed information distinguishing the different varieties.

An excerpt characterizing the limpet

- Signal! - he said.
The Cossack raised his hand and a shot rang out. And at the same instant, the tramp of galloping horses was heard in front, screams from different sides and more shots.
At the same instant as the first sounds of stomping and screaming were heard, Petya, hitting his horse and releasing the reins, not listening to Denisov, who was shouting at him, galloped forward. It seemed to Petya that it suddenly dawned as brightly as the middle of the day at that moment when the shot was heard. He galloped towards the bridge. Cossacks galloped along the road ahead. On the bridge he encountered a lagging Cossack and rode on. Some people ahead - they must have been French - were running from the right side of the road to the left. One fell into the mud under the feet of Petya's horse.
Cossacks crowded around one hut, doing something. A terrible scream was heard from the middle of the crowd. Petya galloped up to this crowd, and the first thing he saw was the pale face of a Frenchman with a shaking lower jaw, holding onto the shaft of a lance pointed at him.
“Hurray!.. Guys... ours...” Petya shouted and, giving the reins to the overheated horse, galloped forward down the street.
Shots were heard ahead. Cossacks, hussars and ragged Russian prisoners, running from both sides of the road, were all shouting something loudly and awkwardly. A handsome Frenchman, without a hat, with a red, frowning face, in a blue overcoat, fought off the hussars with a bayonet. When Petya galloped up, the Frenchman had already fallen. I was late again, Petya flashed in his head, and he galloped to where frequent shots were heard. Shots rang out in the courtyard of the manor house where he was with Dolokhov last night. The French sat down there behind a fence in a dense garden overgrown with bushes and fired at the Cossacks crowded at the gate. Approaching the gate, Petya, in the powder smoke, saw Dolokhov with a pale, greenish face, shouting something to the people. “Take a detour! Wait for the infantry!” - he shouted, while Petya drove up to him.
“Wait?.. Hurray!..” Petya shouted and, without hesitating a single minute, galloped to the place from where the shots were heard and where the powder smoke was thicker. A volley was heard, empty bullets squealed and hit something. The Cossacks and Dolokhov galloped after Petya through the gates of the house. The French, in the swaying thick smoke, some threw down their weapons and ran out of the bushes to meet the Cossacks, others ran downhill to the pond. Petya galloped on his horse along the manor's yard and, instead of holding the reins, strangely and quickly waved both arms and fell further and further out of the saddle to one side. The horse, running into the fire smoldering in the morning light, rested, and Petya fell heavily onto the wet ground. The Cossacks saw how quickly his arms and legs twitched, despite the fact that his head did not move. The bullet pierced his head.
After talking with the senior French officer, who came out to him from behind the house with a scarf on his sword and announced that they were surrendering, Dolokhov got off his horse and approached Petya, who was lying motionless, with his arms outstretched.
“Ready,” he said, frowning, and went through the gate to meet Denisov, who was coming towards him.
- Killed?! - Denisov cried out, seeing from afar the familiar, undoubtedly lifeless position in which Petya’s body lay.

Scientifically they are called patella, in simple terms they are called sea snails or limpets, and in Madeira, where these flat-shelled mollusks are considered a local delicacy, they are called lapas. In fact, limpets are not only found on a remote island in the Atlantic Ocean - no, they can be found in abundance in both the Black and Mediterranean Seas, where they live on coastal cliffs. To tear a mollusk away from the stone it is holding on to, it takes a lot of effort - the slightest touch, and the limpet is pressed against the stone, so much so that it is almost impossible to tear it off without a knife. But what to do if there is no sea or a bay with sea limpets a stone’s throw from your home, and it’s not in sight?.. The answer is very simple - prepare mussels according to this recipe, which (unlike sea limpets) can also be bought frozen.

Sea saucers with garlic butter

First, it is advisable to clean the sea limpets (although in Madera, it seems, they do without this at all). Take a small knife, pick up the clam with it and immerse the knife to the middle of the shell, then, turning the shell, run the knife along the entire radius to separate the clam from it. Underneath you will find a “bag” with unappetizing black and green contents: the bag must be thrown away, and the elastic mollusk must be returned to its shell.

Cut the butter into small cubes according to the number of shellfish, and chop the garlic and parsley very finely and mix thoroughly. Transfer the sea limpets to a baking dish, add a cube of butter to each, a pinch of parsley-garlic mixture and season with salt and black pepper. Preheat the oven grill to high and place the pan under the grill. Remove after a few minutes, just after the butter has melted and bubbled.

Serve limpets (or lapas, as the Portuguese call them) as a hot appetizer, with white wine and white bread for dipping.

In general, the locals told me that these shellfish can be eaten raw, simply by peeling and sprinkling with lemon juice. Looks like it's true.

The section is very easy to use. Just enter the desired word in the field provided, and we will give you a list of its meanings. I would like to note that our site provides data from various sources - encyclopedic, explanatory, word-formation dictionaries. Here you can also see examples of the use of the word you entered.

limpet

marine gastropods that have a cap-shaped shell and are able to stick to a solid substrate with their feet, which unites them into a special life form. To M. b. include representatives of the family Patellidae, Tecturidae (subclass of prosobranchs, more precisely compulsory branchials), Siphonariidae (subclass of pulmonates), etc.

Wikipedia

limpet

limpet- a common name for various salt and freshwater snails (aquatic gastropods). It refers to snails with a simple shell, usually conical in shape, not coiled.

Members of the clade, true marine limpets that live in marine basins, are most often referred to as limpets; however, conical shells arose several times during the evolution of gastropods in various clades with gill and pulmonary respiration. The name comes from the characteristic “saucer-shaped” shape of the shell. Many mollusks that have such a shell belong to different taxa:

For example

For example,

For example

• Heterobranchia, a group of Opisthobranchia, for example
• Heterobranchia, Pulmonata group, e.g. Siphonariidae, Latiidae,

A study of limpet teeth has revealed that they are the most durable biological structure known.