Under waste understand the remains of raw materials, materials, semi-finished products, other products or products that were formed in the process of production or consumption, as well as goods (products) that have lost their consumer properties.
In practical tasks, three methods of waste classification are most often used:
According to the state of aggregation, the waste is divided:
According to their origin, they are:
According to the types of impact on the natural environment and humans, there are:
To dangerous include wastes that contain harmful substances that have hazardous properties (toxicity, explosion hazard, fire hazard, high reactivity) or contain pathogens of infectious diseases, or that may pose an immediate or potential hazard to the natural environment and human health on their own or when coming into contact with other substances.
The waste hazard class is established using experimental or calculation methods according to the degree of possible harmful impact on the environment with direct or indirect impact of hazardous waste on it.
To assess the hazard of waste for the environment, the following hazard classes have been established:
Under waste management one should understand the activities in the process of which waste is generated, as well as the activities for the collection, recycling (use), neutralization and destruction, transportation, placement (storage and disposal) of waste.
Under waste disposal should be understood as activities related to the treatment (including incineration and disinfection) of waste in specialized facilities in order to prevent their harmful effects on human health and the environment.
Waste storage should be understood as the temporary storage of waste in accommodation facilities for the purpose of their subsequent disposal, neutralization or use.
Waste disposal is understood as the isolation of waste that is not subject to further use in special storage facilities in order to prevent the release of harmful substances into the environment.
Enterprises involved in waste management are divided into three categories (groups), taking into account the hazard class of waste, the volume of their generation at the enterprise and the procedure for handling them.
The group under consideration does not include enterprises where the only generated waste of the 1st hazard class is used fluorescent lamps, and facilities where the generated waste of the 2nd hazard class is represented only by waste from the maintenance of balance vehicles.
Compliance of an enterprise (organization) with one or another group of users of natural resources in terms of waste management is confirmed by an expert of Rostekhnadzor based on the results of consideration of the waste disposal limit.
The main object of environmental regulation is solid industrial and domestic toxic and hazardous waste.
The main mechanisms of environmental regulation in the field of waste management are:
The main elements of certification in the field of waste management (as one of the mechanisms for environmental regulation) are the development and use of:
The main elements of licensing in the field of waste management (as one of the mechanisms for environmental regulation) is the licensing of activities related to:
The main elements of limitation in the field of waste management (as one of the mechanisms of environmental regulation) are the development and application of:
The main elements of economic regulation in the field of waste management (as one of the mechanisms of environmental regulation) are:
The waste generation standard determines the established amount of waste of a particular type during the production
unit of production. Waste disposal limits establish the maximum allowable amount of waste of a particular type, which is allowed to be placed in a certain way for a specified period in waste disposal facilities, taking into account the environmental situation of a given territory.
Here list of documents to develop draft standards for waste generation and disposal limits (draft waste disposal limit), which must be submitted to the territorial bodies of Rostekhnadzor.
When developing draft standards for waste generation and limits on their disposal (waste disposal limit), it is necessary to take into account:
When developing draft standards for waste generation and limits on their disposal (waste disposal limit) for a waste storage facility, an individual entrepreneur or legal entity must take into account:
When developing draft standards for waste generation and limits on their disposal (waste disposal limit) for a waste disposal facility, an individual entrepreneur or legal entity must take into account:
If individual entrepreneurs and legal entities have several waste disposal facilities located separately on the territory of one constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the draft waste generation standards and limits on their disposal (waste disposal limit) are developed for each facility separately.
The hazard class of a specific waste generated (stored) at the enterprise can be determined:
If the waste producers refer the waste to the 5th hazard class by the calculation method, it is necessary to confirm this by the experimental method. In the absence of confirmation of the hazard class by an experimental method, the waste can be assigned to the 4th hazard class.
Taking into account the technological features of production, waste generation standards are determined in units of mass (volume) or as a percentage of the amount of raw materials used, or of the amount of products produced. Waste generation standards, estimated as a percentage, are determined by those types of waste that have the same physical and chemical properties as the primary raw materials. The standards for the generation of waste with characteristics changed compared to the primary raw material are preferably presented in the following units of measurement: kg/t, kg/m3, m3/thous. m3, etc. For a number of industrial and domestic wastes generated outside the processes of converting raw materials into finished products, waste generation standards can be used per unit of equipment used, production area, territory, personnel, one seat, etc.
The information contained in the draft limits is intended to solve the following tasks:
The draft norms for waste generation and limits for their disposal (draft waste disposal limit) includes the following sections.
The section usually includes a map-scheme of the location of the enterprise with plotted coordinates. The location of buildings and structures of the enterprise, waste disposal sites are plotted on the map-scheme, the explication of buildings, structures and waste disposal sites (sites) is given, the coordinates of waste disposal sites are indicated.
Individual entrepreneurs or legal entities that do not have technological processes in their activities do not draw up flowcharts and provide all information in text form. Individual entrepreneurs and legal entities whose main activity is the collection, processing, neutralization or disposal of waste from third-party organizations and citizens, in this section provide information on the volume and characteristics of the received waste and on all waste management operations. The form for recording the list of generated waste is given in the form of a table "List of generated waste". If an individual entrepreneur or legal entity has treatment facilities for household and industrial wastewater or water treatment facilities, as well as dust and gas treatment plants and equipment, their characteristics should be submitted in the following forms, respectively, "Characteristics of treatment facilities and sludge of household and industrial wastewater and water treatment" or "Characteristics of dust and gas cleaning devices and equipment for air purification".
The results of calculations for each type of waste are presented in tabular form. The notes provide for each type of waste a link to the relevant sources of information, as well as to applications that certify certain quantitative indicators. In the event that the calculation for a particular type of waste is carried out on the basis of data on the material and raw material balance, the draft standards for the generation of waste and limits on their disposal include the section "Material and raw material balance" in the form of Table. 8.8.
For individual entrepreneurs or legal entities whose main activity is the collection and processing of waste from third-party organizations and citizens, in this section, a table of material and raw materials balance is mandatory, reflecting the volumes of waste received, the processes of their processing and the output of products (receipt of secondary waste) .
Table 8.7
List of physical and chemical characteristics and composition of waste for 20____.
Waste type |
Production |
Technological process |
Environmental hazard class |
Physical and chemical characteristics of waste |
||||||
Name |
FKKO code |
Name |
Name |
State of aggregation |
Solubility in water, g/100 g H2O |
Waste composition by components |
||||
Name |
||||||||||
Waste mass balance for the reporting period
Table 8.8
Continuation of the table. 8.8
Continuation of the table. 8.8
The end of the table. 8.8
Table 8.9
Scheme of the operational movement of waste
Continuation of the table. 8.9
The end of the table. 8.9
Table 8.10
Characteristics of places of storage (accumulation) of waste at an individual entrepreneur or legal entity
Continuation of the table. 8.10
Continuation of the table. 8.10
The end of the table. 8.10
Table 8.11
Information about the technologies used, installations for the use or disposal of waste
To determine the optimal frequency of waste removal, the draft standards for waste generation and limits on their disposal (draft waste disposal limit) include the following information:
In addition, this section provides:
Table 8.12
Monitoring of the state of the environment in places of storage (accumulation) and (or) objects
waste disposal
Waste storage (accumulation) facility |
Pollution indicators by environmental components |
|||||||||||
Name |
atmospheric air |
surface water |
||||||||||
Value |
unit of measurement |
Pollutant |
Frequency, once a year |
Number of control points |
Pollutant |
Frequency, once a year |
Number of control points |
|||||
Name |
Name |
Name |
||||||||||
The end of the table. 8.12
Materials on ongoing (planned) measures to reduce the impact of generated waste on the state of the environment are presented in the table.
The draft norms for waste generation and limits for their disposal include the following tables.
and composition of waste for ___ year.
In Moscow, consideration and approval of the draft standards for waste generation and limits on their disposal (waste disposal limit) and permits for waste disposal (limit) is carried out by the rationing department of Rostekhnadzor for the city of Moscow (in the regions - by the territorial bodies of Rostekhnadzor).
Prior to submitting the draft standards for the generation and limits for waste disposal to Rostekhnadzor, the project must receive an opinion from Rospotrebnadzor for enterprises classified as I and II groups of natural resource users for waste management.
To obtain an appropriate opinion, draft standards for the generation and limits on waste disposal (waste disposal limit) of a small enterprise should be submitted to the regional office of Rospotrebnadzor at the location of the enterprise. Projects of the NOLR of objects that have a significant impact on the environment can be sent by the sanitary doctor of the district for obtaining an opinion to the territorial department of Rospotrebnadzor.
The materials (documents) submitted for consideration to Rostekhnadzor for approval of the draft standards for waste generation and limits for their disposal should include the following documents.
Documents submitted to Rostekhnadzor for approval of the draft standards for waste generation and limits for their disposal are accepted according to the inventory, a copy of which is sent (delivered) to the applicant with a note on the date of receipt of documents.
The approval of the draft standards for waste generation and limits for their disposal for enterprises assigned to various groups of natural resource users for waste management is carried out by the regional regulation department of Rostekhnadzor in the form:
The Hazardous Waste Passport is approved by Rostekhnadzor based on the results of consideration of the draft standards for waste generation and limits for their disposal.
Rostechnadzor reviews the materials submitted in the prescribed manner within a month and makes a decision to approve the draft waste generation standards and limits for their disposal or to return the materials for revision, indicating the reasons for the refusal.
The re-submitted materials of the draft standards for waste generation and limits for their disposal are considered by Rostekhnadzor within a month.
In case of rejection of the draft standards for waste generation and disposal limits submitted for approval, Rostekhnadzor must prepare and provide the applicant with a reasoned refusal, which can be appealed in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The validity period of the draft standards for waste generation and limits for their disposal is established by an expert of the rationing department of the regional branch of Rostekhnadzor. The established period may not exceed five years. Waste disposal limits are valid for a specified period, subject to annual confirmation by individual entrepreneurs and legal entities of the invariability of the production process and the raw materials used.
The basis for the cancellation of the approved limits on waste disposal may be the absence of confirmation by individual entrepreneurs and legal entities of the immutability of the production process and the raw materials used a month before the end of the reporting year.
The immutability of the production process and the raw materials used, presented in the draft standards for waste generation and limits for their disposal, is annually confirmed by the technical report on waste management.
The technical report on waste management (on the invariability of the production process, the raw materials used and the waste generated during the reporting period) should include the following information.
When canceling the approved waste disposal limits, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities submit documents to Rostekhnadzor in order to approve waste disposal limits in the manner prescribed by the current rules.
Limits on the disposal of hazardous waste for enterprises classified as I and II groups of natural resource users for waste management are set for the duration of the license to carry out activities for the management of such waste.
The permit (limit) for waste disposal, being an integral part of the Draft Standards for Waste Generation and Limits for their Disposal, determines the rights of an enterprise for waste disposal.
In accordance with the classification of the enterprise and the composition of the material under consideration, the initial permit for waste disposal (limit) is issued on the basis of:
The period of validity of the permit for waste disposal (limit) is established by the expert. The invariability of the amount of waste allowed for disposal, technological processes and used raw materials is annually confirmed by a technical report.
Permission for waste disposal (limit) for reconstructed, commissioned enterprises (objects) is issued on the basis of:
Permission for waste disposal (limit) for reconstructed, put into operation enterprises (objects) is issued for a period of one year (from the date of acceptance of the object into operation) without the right to extend. When issuing a permit, a condition is set on the need to develop a project of NOLR after the expiration of the permit.
The permit for waste disposal (limit) is issued in a printed form in three copies, endorsed by an expert and the head of the rationing department of the regional branch of Rostekhnadzor, signed by the head of this department. Corrections on the authorization form are not allowed.
The basis for issuing a permit for waste disposal is the presence of a positive conclusion of the rationing department of Rostekhnadzor on the harmonization of waste generation standards and limits on their disposal.
The grounds for cancellation by Rostekhnadzor of a permit for waste disposal are the presence of a threat of pollution of the environment by waste in excess of permissible standards and limits, violation of the rules for operating a waste disposal facility and the requirements for environmentally safe waste management.
The extension of the permit for waste disposal (limit) is carried out by the regulation department of Rostekhnadzor based on the results of consideration of the following materials submitted by the nature user for the extension of the permit:
To extend the permits issued under the NOLR projects, which did not include calculations to determine the hazard classes of waste for the environment, justifications are provided for classifying waste as a hazard class.
The technical report on waste management annually confirms the invariability of the production process and the raw materials used, presented in the draft standards for the generation of waste and limits for their disposal, which is the basis for extending the permit for waste disposal.
Extension of the permit for waste disposal (limit) is carried out on the form of the primary permit issued by the regional department of regulation of Rostekhnadzor.
The Federal Law of June 24, 1998 No. 89-FZ “On Production and Consumption Waste” states that waste accumulation is the temporary storage of waste (for a period not exceeding six months) in places (on sites) equipped in accordance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, for the purpose of their further use, neutralization, placement, transportation.
What are the main requirements for places of temporary accumulation of waste at the enterprise?
SanPiN 2.1.7.1322-03 "Hygienic requirements for the placement and disposal of production and consumption waste" states:
“Compliance with sanitary rules is mandatory for citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities. The purpose of these rules is to reduce the adverse impact of production and consumption waste by preventing their dispersion or loss during intermediate storage.
The temporary accumulation of each type of production and consumption waste depends on their origin, state of aggregation, physical and chemical properties, quantitative ratio of components and the degree of danger to public health and the human environment.
Depending on the technological and physico-chemical characteristics of the waste, it is allowed to store them temporarily:
Accumulation and temporary storage of industrial waste in the production area is carried out according to the workshop principle or centrally.
The conditions for collection and accumulation are determined by the hazard class of the waste, the method of packaging, taking into account the state of aggregation and the reliability of the container.
Specific requirements for places of temporary accumulation of waste can be found in regional documents. For example, consider the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated 12.12.2006 No. 981-PP “On approval of uniform environmental requirements for the arrangement of places for temporary storage of production and consumption waste by environmental organizations of the city of Moscow on occupied land plots”, which specifies all the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.7.1322-03 .
According to the specified resolution, for the storage of waste of 1-3 hazard classes, depending on their properties, it is necessary to use closed or sealed containers:
Production and consumption wastes of the 4th and 5th hazard classes can be stored in open containers. Storage in open containers of waste containing volatile hazardous substances is not allowed.
Temporary storage of solid waste of the 4th and 5th hazard classes, depending on their properties, is allowed without containers - in bulk, in bulk, in the form of ridges, dumps, in bales, rolls, briquettes, bales, in piles and separately on pallets or stands .
Containers and packaging must be durable, serviceable, completely prevent leakage or spillage of waste, ensure their safety during storage. The packaging must be made of a material that is resistant to the impact of this type of waste and its individual components, precipitation, temperature extremes and direct sunlight.
Containers used for storage of industrial and consumer waste are made of materials that ensure their high-quality cleaning and disinfection. Containers used to store liquid waste should be placed on pallets to ensure that all spilled liquid is collected and stored. Glass containers used for storing liquid waste should be placed in wooden, plastic boxes or have a crate. The walls of boxes and crates should be 5 cm higher than corked bottles and cans.
Placed production and consumption wastes should be stored in such a way as to exclude the possibility of their falling, overturning, spilling, to ensure the availability and safety of their loading for shipment to specialized enterprises for neutralization, processing or disposal.
For temporary storage of production and consumption waste, specially equipped open and (or) closed areas may be used. Temporary storage within a closed area is carried out in the event of:
For the organization of closed sites for temporary accumulation of waste, stationary storage buildings specially designed for this purpose, separate rooms or allocated areas inside storage and (or) production, auxiliary buildings, as well as non-stationary storage buildings and structures, can be used.
To check the correct arrangement of open areas for temporary storage of waste, we will reopen San Pi N 2.1.7.1322-03 "Hygienic requirements for the placement and disposal of production and consumption waste", which says:
“When temporarily storing waste in non-stationary warehouses, in open areas without containers (in bulk, in bulk) or in leaky containers, the following conditions must be observed:
Temporary storage of production and consumption waste should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation (PPV 01-03), approved by order of the Russian Emergencies Ministry of 18.06.2003 No. 313. properties, must be equipped with primary fire extinguishing equipment.
What amount of waste can be disposed of with their temporary accumulation?
The aforementioned Decree of the Government of Moscow dated 12.12.2006 No. 981-PP states that “the maximum amount of temporary accumulation of production and consumption waste that can be placed on the territory of users of natural resources is determined on the basis of the balance of raw materials and materials in accordance with the need to form a transport batch of waste for their export, taking into account the component composition of waste, their physical and chemical properties, state of aggregation, toxicity and volatility of harmful components contained and minimizing their impact on the environment. Temporary storage of production and consumption wastes should be carried out in conditions that preclude exceeding the standards of permissible environmental impact, in terms of pollution of surface and ground waters, atmospheric air, soils of adjacent territories, should not lead to violation of hygienic standards and deterioration of the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the given area. territory."
In addition, various recommendations for the storage of specific types of waste can be considered. For example, you can open "Practical advice and recommendations for the development, approval and extension of permits", which were published in Moscow in 1998.
Thus, fluorescent lamps (hazard class 1) must be temporarily stored in a covered area, inaccessible to outsiders, preferably with a flat tile or metal floor, in special containers, preferably metal.
Not allowed:
storage of lamps in the open air; storage of lamps without containers; storage of lamps in soft cardboard boxes piled on top of each other;
storage on a pound surface; transfer of lamps to any third-party organizations, except for those specialized in the processing of this type of waste.
Undamaged spent lead batteries with unblemished electrolyte (hazard class 2) should be stored indoors, inaccessible to outsiders, in stacks or on racks.
It is not allowed to store batteries in the open air, on a pound surface, and it is also not allowed to transfer batteries to any third-party organizations other than those specialized in the processing of this type of waste.
Waste oils (hazard class 3) are accumulated directly in workshops and must be stored in metal or plastic barrels, canisters mounted on metal pallets. Separate storage of various types of oils (industrial, motor, transmission, etc.) is necessarily implied within the framework of the requirements of processing enterprises. The final storage of waste prior to its delivery to a specialized enterprise should be carried out in special tanks installed on a site with a waterproof coating, having sides, preferably fenced, provided with convenient access roads. A reliable waterproof roof is mandatory.
It is not allowed to overfill the oil storage tanks and spill it on the terrain, water ingress into the oil storage tanks.
Scrap metal (5th hazard class) should be stored on a site with a hard surface, preferably fenced, with sides, provided with convenient access roads.
Metal shavings should be stored in special metal containers installed on a site with a hard surface, preferably fenced, with sides, provided with convenient access roads. If the chips are contaminated with oil products, emulsion, etc., the containers must be provided with lids.
Garbage from household premises of organizations, unsorted (4th or 5th hazard class) should be stored in special metal containers installed on a hard-surfaced area with sides, preferably fenced on three sides with a solid fence, provided with convenient access roads. It is not allowed to overfill the containers (their timely removal must be ensured) and the entry into garbage containers of waste not allowed for acceptance to solid waste landfills, especially waste of the 1st and 2nd hazard classes.
Waste tires and tubes (hazard class 4) as waste pose a danger, primarily as an element of littering the territory, so the requirements for their storage are reduced to preventing them from entering the environment. It is advisable to store them in a fenced covered area with a hard surface, in stacks or on racks.
Oily rags (3rd or 4th hazard class) accumulate in metal boxes with a lid at a distance from other combustible materials and sources of possible ignition (storage in the workshop should not exceed the weekly rate of formation). Every week, rags must be removed from the premises to the storage place (a metal box located at a distance from the buildings in terms of fire safety) and taken out for disposal in accordance with the established limit to a specialized organization.
Not allowed:
Everything here is banal and simple ...
RPN due to the fact that the issue of maintaining the GRRO register, like everything else, is about ****, turning the maintenance of the register through the State Control PTK, the “Natural User Module” through which they “formed” the “registry” in tif, Word with unreliable data into complete mess
http://rpn.gov.ru/node/853
Including the introduction of false data with the canceled 13-digit FKKO-2002 codes, including an indication in the field impact on the environment. Wednesday - "Absent".
Currently, all employees of the RPNs in the "sudden" mode "hammer" back from the Orders for GRRO from paper Orders data on GRRO in tif, Word (inaccurate data) back to the PTC "State Control", from which the Orders for GRRO were "created" in tif, Word
http://rpn.gov.ru/node/853
Well, since at present, according to 7-FZ, if there is no impact on the environmental protection of accommodation facilities (storage facilities, disposal facilities) - [u]then payments from the moment the object is included in the GRORO "0" Rs. "0" cop.
Well, since 99% (almost) of accommodation facilities are included with the concept of "Absent" - then legal entities are currently paying for NVOS illegally, including the entire system being created for regional operators .....
(laughing emoticon is not included)
Well, since an extreme one was needed, they “suddenly” scribbled on the concepts in addition to the requirements for the IEC according to 7-FZ, which should include the IEC for accommodation facilities, the Order and the Government Decree, highlighting the IEC from the general IEC. Moreover, the general IPC for the objects of NDC categories 1,2,3 is not sent to the RPN, then the IPC for the accommodation facilities, which is an integral part of the general IPC, must be sent to the RPN and a separate report (except for the general report on the IPC) must be made for them before January 15, 2017 of the year.
Well, all this is done to ensure that legal entities are responsible for the mess in the on-load tap changer, the Ministry of Natural Resources, including not to return the amounts paid for those objects that have "0" influence.
Read the thread about GRRO
With
http://www..html?f=6&t=11655
on
http://www..html?f=6&t=11655
And you will understand why (this is in addition to creating another "business chain") a separate PEC was made for accommodation facilities.
If you want to understand the whole mess of GROR I can ask RosFeder ov, so that they ask ****** to open access to the database of the program "Word Converter of On-Line Orders for GRRO" (State Register of Waste Disposal Facilities (GRRO)) - after which you can immediately ****
I don't think those people who do all this are stupid. It's just that everything that is being done is planned in advance and everything is purposefully done so that the next flow of money to affiliated structures is organized.
Everything is as simple as 2x2.
Well, since, with the tacit consent of nature users, this process of creating business chains is “progressing”, therefore, the next “business projects” are created, similar to the “business project”:
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