Where the best coffee grows. Where coffee grows in the world - countries, features and interesting facts. Growing coffee from beans

The African continent is considered historical homeland coffee. African countries where coffee berries are grown supply the best varieties of Robusta and partly Arabica to the international market. The zone of “influence” of the coffee belt includes about thirty countries. Each country is characterized by the characteristics of the collection and primary processing of coffee berries. Some countries are focused on supplying coffee to certain regions or cooperate with roasters on contract terms, while another part specializes in growing cheap robusta. Kenya is a supplier of specialty coffees, which are labeled as AA and AB.

The climatic conditions for growing African coffee are quite harsh. Dry hot summers and mild humid winters are the reason for the predominance of Robusta. Arabica requires much more careful attention and does not like lowlands. In this sense, Kenya is a country with favorable conditions for the cultivation of Arabica coffee. As interesting feature You can highlight the volcanic soil on which Kenyan coffee grows. The second highest mountain (5 km) onAfrican continent is also located in Kenya and is of interest from the point of view of coffee producers.

Coffee with a characteristic African sourness, rich in the aromas of spices. The aftertaste reveals hints of chocolate.African coffee is highly prized by coffee gurus all over the world.

List of African countries where coffee is grown

On packs of coffee you can often read: “made in France (Italy, Portugal, Russian Federation)". However, these marks only indicate the geographic location of the production facilities of companies that package the aromatic drink. At the same time collected coffee beans may be in completely different states and even on other continents. Find out where coffee grows and which countries are leading in the export of fragrant beans from our article.

Coffee grows in 65 countries, and almost all of them supply beans to the international market.

Coffee trees are very demanding on conditions environment- they need a very special climate. This forms the unique distribution area of ​​the plant.

• All countries in which coffee trees can be found are located along an imaginary strip earth's surface, extended along the equator. Such a projection on geographical map The land is called the Coffee Belt.
• The Earth's coffee belt is limited to tenths of the southern and northern latitudes. These regions are also called the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere.
• Such interesting habitat is not something unusual. It's all about unique climatic conditions - the predominance of humid and warm weather without sharp fluctuations and frosts on the ground surface at night. A rapid drop in ambient temperature is extremely dangerous for finicky coffee trees.
• It is believed that the birthplace of coffee is Ethiopia. From there the plant began its journey around the world, but was able to take root only in regions with a similar mild equatorial climate.

Reference. The geography of coffee distribution is limited Central Africa, South and Central America and countries of Southeast Asia.

In which countries does coffee grow?

In each zone of the Coffee Belt, there are leading countries in the cultivation and export of beans.

South America

Brazil. A third of the world's coffee harvest (about 40 million bags) is harvested here every year. In addition, many varieties grow here - both Arabica and Robusta. The flavor characteristics of beans from Brazil make them suitable primarily for the production of various mixtures and blends for espresso. Brazilian coffee also has a fairly affordable price.

Colombia- Brazil's eternal competitor. This Latin American state cannot boast of such a huge harvest as in Brazil - about 10-13 million bags are harvested here every year. But the consumer characteristics of the beans are still much higher, since only Arabica is grown in the country. Today Colombia has 15% of the world's coffee market, offering truly high-quality varieties.

Peru. In matters of growing coffee this mountainous country It’s difficult to compete with Brazil and Colombia - the annual grain harvest here is very modest - 3-4 million bags. Most raw materials from Peru are used to prepare mixes and blends for espresso drinks. But it is still worth noting that in the arsenal of Peruvian producers there are several single varieties with a unique bright taste, for example Chanchamayo.

Reference. One bag - 60 kg of coffee beans.

Central American region

Honduras. The country exports about 5 million bags of Arabica beans annually. Like most raw materials from this area, coffee from Honduras is used to prepare various mixtures and blends. However, true gourmets will tell you several single-origin varieties from Honduras with an expressive and refined taste, including Madeo coffee.

Mexico. The average yield in the country is about 4 million bags per year. Wherein most of grains are exported to the United States of America. Bright taste qualities There is no coffee from Mexico and almost all of it is spent on mixes for coffee machines.

Guatemala. The contribution of this small state to world coffee exports is small. 3.5 million bags of coffee are harvested here each year, both Arabica and Robusta. But true coffee connoisseurs around the world will definitely name Guatemala’s Antigua.

Thus, in Central and South America They harvest almost half of the world's coffee beans.

Asia

Asians are gradually starting to step on the heels of Latin American coffee producers, seriously intending to take away a significant market share from them. This is no wonder, because many high-quality varieties grow in the region.

Vietnam. This small country Amazes with its harvests - 20-30 million bags are harvested here annually. In Vietnam you can find excellent varieties of Arabica and Robusta. Most of them are used for coffee mixtures and blends.

Indonesia. This island country supplies the market mainly with Robusta and only a little Arabica. The yield here is considered average - about 10 million bags. But the quality of the coffee is simply excellent. Particularly popular are varieties native to Java, Sumatra and Sulawesi. Elite types include Sumatra Mandheling (Mandheling) and Toraya Sulawesi coffee, which have an amazingly balanced taste. Indonesia is also famous for one of the most expensive types coffee - Kopi Luwak (Luwak) variety.

India. Natural conditions Countries allow the cultivation of both Arabica and Robusta. Coffee from India is similar in taste to robusta from Indonesia and is most often added to blends. But still, one cannot ignore the unique Indian coffee growing technology, which has been adopted by other exporting countries. The grains are aged on the ocean shore under the influence of the monsoons. One such variety is the delicious tasting coffee - Monsoon Malabar.

Africa

The origins of coffee are located on the African continent. Productivity in the region is inferior to countries Latin America, but the quality of the beans remains consistently high.

Ethiopia. In the homeland of coffee, trees have been growing naturally for many centuries. They are practically not cultivated in industrial scale, but only harvest. The country annually produces 6-7 million bags of natural organic coffee, which is deservedly recognized as one of the best on the planet.

Uganda. The country supplies 4 million bags per year to the world market. Mainly Robusta for various coffee blends. The country also has Arabica, which is highly valued among lovers of the invigorating drink. Today, coffee from Uganda competes with popular varieties native to the island of Java.

Cat-d'Ivoire. About a quarter of a century ago, this country was the main rival of Brazil and Colombia. However, political instability in the state has a negative impact on export volumes. Today, Ivory Coast supplies 2.5 million bags of coffee beans per year, including Robusta for Nescafe - trademark instant coffee from the largest corporation Nestlé.

It is interesting to note that attempts to grow coffee are underway in Australia and New Zealand. But the predominantly flat landscape and excessive dryness in these countries are not conducive to high yields.

Where are most coffee beans grown?

The leaders in coffee production are only 6 countries, despite the fact that coffee trees can be found in many more states

1. Brazil: 30%;
2. Vietnam: 17%;
3. Colombia: 12%;
4. Ethiopia: 6%;
5. Indonesia: 5%;
6. India: 4%.

Useful video

Where does coffee grow, in which countries is there more of it?

In the tropics, near the equator - one parallel above and below it, amazing coffee trees grow. For many centuries, coffee beans have been obtained from their fruits, which grow rather slowly, but the longer the ripening process takes place, the better the product will be.

Countries where coffee grows

There are about seventy countries producing coffee beans, but not all of them grow goods of excellent quality. The best coffee is obtained in the tropics, at an altitude of 600 to 1200 meters above sea level.

Cuba, Guatemala, Brazil, Java, Indonesia and the Philippines are the main suppliers of coffee beans. Raw materials are delivered to us both raw and fried. Not everyone knows how coffee grows. It turns out that the coffee tree is a very delicate creature that requires a lot of attention. Remember the Brazilian TV series about slaves on coffee plantations - their work was considered very hard. The situation has not changed even now, since all the work is practically manual.

To grow aromatic grains you need high humidity, heat, a large number of sunny days per year. But cold snaps are very dangerous for coffee trees. A temperature of +8 Celsius can already destroy the plant completely.

In a year, only three kilograms of beans can be collected from one tree, which is why coffee tree plantations stretch for tens of kilometers, because to harvest a good harvest, you need many plants.

Is coffee growing in Russia?

Let's find out how coffee grows at home, and whether everyone can grow it on their windowsill.

To grow a coffee tree, it is better to use a seedling rather than try to get a plant from beans. Their germination rate is very low, and planting material is often unknown year collection

The soil for coffee should be slightly acidic, loose and moderately moist for harmonious development plants. It is advisable to keep a flowerpot with a coffee tree on a southwestern windowsill at a temperature of up to 27°C in summer and not lower than 15°C in winter. The plant needs regular spraying and watering with warm, settled water.

After 5-8 years, a patient owner can see the first flowering of the bush with further fruit set, and after ripening, receive an aromatic drink from his own windowsill. But all this will happen provided that the bush is properly maintained without stressful situations, changes in location, drafts and overflows.

The culture of coffee drinking in Italy originated in the 17th century, when the first coffee shop appeared in the country in 1654. Today, Italian coffee has become a cult drink, and the Italians themselves are recognized as true gourmets and unsurpassed specialists in preparing this aromatic drink.

Does coffee grow in Italy?

There is an opinion that the best varieties of coffee are grown in Italy. But this is not the case, since the local climatic conditions do not allow the cultivation of coffee trees. But the Italians, as true coffee lovers, produce great blends, bringing world fame to the country. There are a large number of companies specializing in coffee roasting in Italy.

Moreover, each region is dominated by its own manufacturer. Along with bar signs, you can usually see a logo with the type of coffee that is offered to visitors to the establishment. In large retail chains, coffee is also usually sold under its own brand. Today, the phrase “Italian coffee” is increasingly heard due to the popularity of cooking recipes borrowed from the Italians. They drink the invigorating drink so often that they have invented many interesting ways its preparations.

There are some wonderful ones in our store. Try a wide variety of flavors!

How is coffee made in Italy?

Espresso is the most popular in Italy, since Italians prefer to drink coffee often, but in small portions. Espresso is most often called coffee, meaning a small, half-filled cup of an aromatic drink with a soft, noble taste. Italian espresso has a dense golden foam that covers the entire surface of the drink.

Coretto coffee, which is prepared on the basis of espresso with the addition of alcohol (liqueur, wine or vodka), is considered to be primordially Italian. Due to alcohol, the drink acquires a special piquancy and rich taste. Italians love coffee with milk: cappuccino, latte, macchiato and mochaccino. But these drinks are usually consumed only in the first half of the day. In the afternoon, coffee with milk in Italy can only be drunk by tourists who do not know local traditions.

For Italians, coffee is indispensable not only in the morning, but also during the day, since they need to cheer up and replenish energy before lunch. They also drink a tonic drink after eating to avoid drowsiness, as well as at the end of the working day. Many people don’t limit themselves to this and treat themselves to aromatic coffee after dinner. There are also some specific features how they drink coffee in Italy.

• For example, coffee is not served too hot so as not to burn yourself;
• As a rule, double espresso is not ordered in coffee shops. Italians prefer the classic volume of espresso. Americano in the Italian version is aqua sporca. It is espresso, diluted hot water up to a volume of 120 ml.
• Coffee is often drunk while standing, since it is believed that this is how it is better absorbed;
• In coffee shops, you order a drink at the counter, loudly announcing your choice, even if the barista is not looking at you. As soon as the cup is drunk, they pay.

The traditions of coffee drinking are so strong and rich that they are deeply rooted in Italian culture. Its special flavor and originality prompted the creators of Nespresso coffee to create new capsules TRIBUTE TO MILANO and TRIBUTE TO PALERMO. The limited edition Tribute to Milano blend is inspired by the fast-paced life of Milan, where even coffee is drunk quickly. The aromatic blend Tribute to Palermo captivates with the fragrance of spices and the slightly bitter taste of Sicilian cocoa. He became the embodiment of the measured life of Palermo.

Both blends are based on the best varieties Arabicas and Robustas. Like real Italian coffee, they are suitable for strong ristretto and espresso, as well as various drinks with added milk. Based on Tribute to Milano, you can prepare an excellent Latte Macchiato, which has a mild taste and caramel aroma. Tribute to Palermo is perfect for aromatic cappuccino with a pleasant chocolate tint.

There is probably no person who would not like to drink a cup of aromatic coffee. But not everyone knows, for example, where coffee grows and where its homeland is located.

Let's try to uncover the secret of these magical coffee beans.

To get to our table, coffee beans must go on a long journey, since they are “born” in distant countries. As you know, the madder family unites up to five thousand species of bushes and trees, and fifty of them are coffee trees, which give us fruits from which we can make delicious and aromatic coffee. In which countries does coffee grow? The place of germination of these bushes and trees is the tropical regions of Africa, as well as Asia and America.

In general, there are about 6 billion coffee trees on our planet, which occupy an area of ​​about 4.5 million hectares. Most of the trees that grow on coffee plantations are of a type of coffee such as Arabica or Arabian.

These wonderful coffee trees have many similarities, although there are many varieties. These are low trees that reach a height of up to 5 meters. But, if the tree is not taken care of, it can grow up to 9 meters, which leads to a decrease in yield. Therefore, in order to facilitate coffee tree care and harvesting, low trees are cultivated.



How does coffee grow? The shiny, dark green leaves can remain on the coffee tree for up to 4 years. The leaves hide fragrant flowers in their axils. white, which in appearance resemble jasmine. The black-blue or red fruits of the tree are the size of a cherry. If you open these fruits, you can see two flat-convex seeds, which are covered in a horny shell and covered with a silvery skin. These seeds, adjacent to each other with their flat sides, and there are fruits of the coffee tree, namely coffee beans, which allow us to enjoy delicious coffee.

The type of coffee tree, and, of course, its fruits, is very dependent on the mail, climatic conditions, as well as on the variety and method of breeding. A warm climate, stable temperatures and loose soil are all that is needed for the good growth of coffee trees. These wonderful trees are sensitive to temperature changes. At high temperature fruits ripen quickly, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of coffee. At the same time, the cold has a detrimental effect on these delicate trees - if the air temperature drops below 8 degrees, the tree dies. And for this reason, coffee trees do not grow in Europe. They can only be seen in botanical gardens.



The quality of coffee is also affected by the height at which the coffee tree grows - than more height, the slower the coffee beans ripen and the quality of the coffee improves significantly. Of course, the location of coffee plantations also has great importance. For example, direct sunlight has a detrimental effect on coffee trees. Therefore, in order to protect trees from exposure sun rays and to reap a good harvest, erythrina trees are planted on plantations.

Coffee trees typically take up to 60 years to bear fruit. But the best fruiting cycle of a coffee tree lasts about 15 years. In a year, one tree can produce up to 3 kg of coffee beans.

These trees are very whimsical and therefore require constant careful care. In addition, there are many diseases and pests that destroy not only coffee beans, but also the trees themselves. By the way, you can also grow this amazing tree from seedlings at home. And after careful care, after 2 years this delicate tree will give you beautiful white flowers, nice smell which will fill the whole house. And you can get a good harvest - up to 0.5 kg of green coffee beans per year, from which you can prepare your favorite and delicious drink. But you can only read about how to grow a coffee tree in another article.

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