How to describe the beauty of nature. Description: examples. Artistic description of nature. Beautiful, fabulous description of nature in winter
Morning sun
The night hid behind a magical cloud, and a rosy morning descended onto the earth. The sun is about to rise. Its rays are already lighting up on the horizon. Everyone is waiting for the morning: plants, animals, people.
But why isn’t it there yet? Maybe he's still sleeping sweetly? Or maybe it was in a quarrel with the earth and doesn’t want to shine anymore? What now? And yet the east is gradually turning pink. Finally, as if from under a blanket, the sun rose above the horizon, majestic and beautiful.
The beam quickly illuminated the water, the forest, the surrounding fields, and people's houses. Sparkled green
Carpet the earth in its radiance. When a ray of sun touched my face, I woke up, smiled cheerfully at him, opened my eyes and joyfully greeted the new day.
Favorite season
Most of all I love spring. This, in my opinion, is the most wonderful time of the year.
In spring, everything on earth awakens to new life. The snow melts, young green grass appears. Leaves are blooming on trees and bushes. In spring, migratory birds return to us: starlings, rooks, storks. They begin to build nests and prepare housing for future chicks.
I love watching spring nature. See how everything around you is updated and decorated
After winter sleep. The streams sing merrily, and feathered musicians glorify the arrival of spring with all their voices. The air is filled with the fragrant smell of plants. Spring is a renewal in nature. This is exactly why I love her.
Dawn
I really love meeting the first flashes of awakening of a new day. Long before the east the sun announces its arrival. It colors the night sky with its rays and extinguishes the dawns.
I love to meet the sun, the play and trembling of the morning flashes of its rays. First, a crimson red stripe appears on the horizon. Then it turns orange, pink, and then everything around is filled with the sun. And it’s as if for the first time you see a green leaf, a tree that grows right up to my window, and a light fog over your hometown that wakes up to a new day.
And now the dawn changes into a new day, is filled with the worries of people’s lives, and I hear a gentle: “Good morning, son!”
Golden autumn
The warm summer is over. Autumn has come. She quietly crept up to our gardens, fields, groves, and forests. Back at the end of August, the trees began to cover themselves with yellow leaves, and now it was already sparkling in the sun like gold. The trees stood covered in crimson, yellow leaves that were slowly falling to the ground. The ground was covered with colorful leaves, as if walking on a beautiful carpet. I love listening to the rustling of fallen leaves, looking at the magical autumn paintings on maple leaves. The short Indian summer flashed by, the cold began to blow, and the feathered musicians fell silent. Now it's time to say goodbye to the golden autumn.
Essay-description behind the painting by Ekaterina Belokur “Flowers behind the fence”
In the painting by Ekaterina Belokur there are wonderful flowers against the backdrop of a clear, fine sky. They can be divided into two bouquets. One, the closest one, is in the shadow, the second is more expressive, lighter, overshadowed by the sun's rays. There are a few colors: red, green, white, blue. But many intermediate colors were used.
I think the craftswoman is very fond of nature, immensely in love with flowers. And there are many of them here. Pink mallows reach for the sun. A climbing birch tree trudged along a birch branch. Snow-white daisies and orange lilies, pink-red tulips and nasturtiums with cherry veins on the petals captivate the eye.
The painting captivates with its harmony of colors and shapes, captivates with its beauty and craftsmanship.
Description of nature
Karnaukhova Larisa Veniaminovna,
teacher of Russian language and literature
GBOU secondary school No. 583
Primorsky district of St. Petersburg
Lesson objectives:
Educational: get acquainted with the features of texts describing nature: composition, style of speech, linguistic means;
Prepare to write an essay, using the works of masters of words (Russian poets and writers) as a model.
Educational: develop students’ mental and speech activity, the ability to analyze, compare, develop communication skills, and creative abilities.
Educational: cultivate a careful and responsible attitude to the word; sense of beauty; improve ethical interpersonal communication skills.
Based on the wording of the topic, formulate the objectives of the lesson.
Use supporting words:
1. Get to know….
2. Study....
Lesson objectives:
How to write an essay describing winter nature (how to create a description text, what means (language) to use; what parts will it consist of, what style will it be written in?)
Today in class we will work in groups. Leaders organize the activities of groups. A good start is a helper to the cause.
Group work
1. Get acquainted with the features of describing nature;
2. Prepare to write an essay describing winter nature.
Checking the group assignment completed in the previous lesson. Each group worked with a text describing nature using exercises.
What is landscape? Remind me. (Landscape is a description of nature.)
And with the help of what else (besides words) can a landscape be created? (With the help of colors - painting, sounds - music)
Take a look at the reproduction of I Grabar’s painting “February Azure”. The artist used transparent, cold tones. The whole picture is permeated with a feeling of freshness and purity.
I. Grabar: “All of nature was celebrating some kind of holiday - a holiday of the azure sky, pearl birches, coral branches and sapphire shadows on lilac snow.”
What unites different types of art?
(The love of writers, poets and artists for their native nature, admiring its charms).
Well, we must describe winter nature in words and choose them correctly.
Let us remember the words of K. Paustovsky:
“If a writer, while working, does not see behind the words what he writes about, then the reader will not see anything behind him. But if the writer sees well what he is writing about, then the simplest and sometimes erased words acquire newness, they evoke in him those thoughts, feelings, state that the writer wanted to convey to him.”
1 group worked with the concept of text. (textbook Russian language grade 6, Baranova N.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Trostentsova L.A. and other exercise 277)
(Text by Ivan Bunin)
This statement is a text, since a text is a combination of sentences related in meaning and using linguistic means.
That is, all the features of the text are preserved here:
1. The proposals are mutually related;
2. There is semantic completeness;
3. There is intonation completeness;
4. Divided into parts.
The second part is bright, joyful colors.
The third part contains a description of the forest and its colors in the morning. (Deep shadow of the clearing, blue shadow of the sled track, green crowns of pine trees, golden sunlight).
We called the text by Ivan Bunin “Bright colors of the winter forest.”
The essay should have a title that reflects the topic.
2nd group worked with the concept of types of speech.
1. Narration - depiction of sequential actions. Consists of the beginning, the development of the action, the climax (the highest moment of the action), and the denouement. Questions that can be asked about the narrative text: What happened? How did events develop?
Parts of speech: verbs predominate.
2. Description - a depiction of simultaneous signs of an object or phenomenon. Comprises:
1. General understanding of the subject;
2. Descriptions of parts;
Object of description: nature, person, animal, room.
Questions - what is the subject?
Parts of speech - predominantly adjectives.
3. Reasoning is a type of speech that sets out the causes of phenomena or events and their mutual connection. Comprises:
1. Thesis (thought that needs to be proven);
2. Arguments (evidence), examples;
3. Conclusions.
Questions that can be asked for reasoning: why?
The type of speech in this text is a description of a winter forest. The main idea is what bushes, stumps, and branches look like in a snowy forest. The text contains a lot of adjectives (a pathetic bush, a tiny clearing, funny faces) and comparisons (a bush that looks like a broom, brushwood that looks like lace, spruce branches that look like paws).
3 group worked with the concept of speech styles.
Conversational style; function-communication, used in conversations and dialogues.
Features: ease, emotionality.
Colloquialisms and dialectisms are used.
Scientific style; message function, used in textbooks and scientific works.
Features: accuracy, clarity.
Official business: function-message, used in documents, statements, regulations, laws.
Features: formality, accuracy.
Journalistic; function-impact, used in newspaper or magazine articles, speeches.
Fiction style; function-emotionality;
Used in stories, novels, poems, poems.
Features: figurative and expressive means are used (epithets, metaphors, comparisons, personifications)
The text is a description of winter in a scientific style.
Winter is one of the four seasons.
The coldest time following autumn and preceding spring. (From dictionaries: Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Ozhegov and Shvedova and Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by V.I. Dahl)
The text is a description of winter in a conversational style.
In the morning I went outside. Frost! What a refrigeration! Oh! I'm running into the warmth (Colloquial vernacular, nouns with evaluative suffixes.)
In what style will you create your text?
So, we will learn to create a text: a description of nature in an artistic style (that is, use various visual and expressive means).
Exercise.
Determine the time of year by its properties: long-awaited, magical, wonderful, dazzling, bewitching (winter).
With the help of what words do we highlight the qualities, signs of objects and phenomena? (epithets)
An epithet is an artistic, expressive definition.
Epithets convey sounds, meaning, color, mood, impression.
An epithet is an adjective with a figurative meaning.
Exercise.
Let's see if each definition is an epithet. Each group works with two phrases and draws conclusions.
1. First group.
Stone building - stone face. (A building built of stone - a face that does not express any emotions (nothing), frozen).
Epithet: stone face, since in this case the word stone is used in this expression in a figurative sense. We think that the author uses this epithet to show something remarkable in a person’s face, to create his image.
2.Second group
Golden ring - golden fire. (Golden ring is a ring made of a precious stone - gold. The word is used in a literal meaning. Golden fire is beautiful, shiny, sparkling, similar to gold. The adjective is used in a figurative meaning.)
3. Third group
Deep Lake is a magical lake. (Deep lake - the adjective denotes the size of the depth, has a direct meaning, is a simple designation). (Magic lake - the epithet means: a charming, captivating lake, the author uses it to create an image, here the author’s attitude towards the lake is conveyed: admiration, admiration, a joyful mood).
Bottom line
Thus, an epithet not only highlights the properties and characteristics of an object, but also creates an image, conveys the attitude of the author, that is, it is a figurative and expressive means (linguistic).
Exercise: Write out epithets from poems and prose texts, show their role.
First group:
K. Balmont: “Snowflake”: description of a snowflake using epithets:
Light fluffy,
Snowflake white,
How clean
How brave!
Dear stormy
Easy to carry
Not to the azure heights,
Begs to go to earth.
Wonderful azure
She left
Myself into the unknown
The country has been overthrown.
In the shining rays
Slides skillfully
Among the melting flakes
Preserved white.
Under the blowing wind
Shakes, flutters,
On him, cherishing,
Lightly swinging.
His swing
She's consoled
With his snowstorms
Spinning wildly.
But here it ends
The road is long,
Touches the earth
Crystal star.
Fluffy lies
Snowflake is brave.
How pure, how white!
K. Balmont's epithets add musicality to the description of the snowflake, paint the image of the snowflake, convey the author's admiration, admiration, feelings - joy, surprise, charm.
Question: What mood do we feel? (fairytale, light)
Second group
Poem by Nikolai Brown:
Is it snow flying from the heights?
To forests, fields and thickets,
Is he like dead chalk?
Just white, white, white?
All needle-like from the frost,
At dawn it is soft pink,
He is far away, in the shadows, in the lowlands
Blue and even blue!
Snow is described using epithets: needle snow, soft pink snow, blue snow, blue snow.
The first epithet denotes the similarity of snow with needles in shape, the epithets soft pink, blue, dark blue are color epithets that show the richness of the colors of winter snow, paint a picture of winter nature with words, and make it possible to feel the colorfulness and diversity of Russian nature.
A mood of surprise, solemn and beautiful, arises.
Third group
Ivan Shmelev “Summer of the Lord”
“What beauty! The first star, and then another... There are more and more stars. And what stars! Mustached, alive, fighting, piercing the eye. There is frost in the air, through it there are more stars, sparkling with different lights - blue, crystal, dark blue and green...
Freezing! The snow is blue, strong, and squeaks subtly. Along the street there are snowdrifts and mountains. And the air is blue, silvery with dust, smoky, starry.”
The snow is blue and strong.
The air is smoky and starry.
The epithets are mostly in color, conveying the elegance of winter nature and creating a feeling of celebration.
Language means are distinguished by their expressive power in conveying thoughts and feelings, they convey excitement, colorfulness, emotionality - all this allows you to vividly and vividly imagine a picture in your mind.
Collective planning.
1. Winter has come.
2. Snow, trees, forest, sky, sun, air, patterns - a winter picture.
3. Winter mood (festive, cheerful, cheerful, cheerful, warm)
What main images will help you draw a verbal winter landscape?
Air - quiet, transparent, frosty, silvery.
Forest - silent, enchanted.
Winter - fabulous, magical, formidable, cruel, amazing, wonderful, magical, sorceress, witch.
Snow - shiny, New Year's, fabulous, fluffy, silver.
Reflection.
We live next to nature, which calms, pleases, and exalts the soul.
Nature is a source of mysteries and secrets, but they are revealed only to a keen eye and a sensitive heart. Today you were all exactly like that, remain the same, and then all the riches of Russian nature will be revealed to you, which can be expressed with the help of words.
Questions:
1. What have we learned?
2. What is this knowledge useful for?
3. Have we achieved our goal?
4. What difficulties did you encounter?
Among the many feelings, select 1-2 (delight, joy, surprise)
Applications to the lesson.
Rules for working in a group.
1. Listen to your partner carefully.
2. Ask again and clarify to be sure that you understood him correctly.
3. First of all, note positive answers.
4. If you have difficulties, ask your partner for help, helping yourself if you are asked.
5. Remember: together you will do much more than each of you individually.
The following educational technologies were used in the lesson:
Technologies of differentiated teaching, which allowed the teacher to take into account the individual psychological characteristics of children in their area of interest, in their level of achievement (mental development), and in their personal types (type of thinking, character, temperament).
This was facilitated by the division of children for group work, differentiated tasks (according to difficulty level) for each group;
Collaboration technology, which helped ensure joint activities of teachers and students on the basis of mutual understanding, democratization (work in groups to complete tasks based on text, speech styles);
A technology for the development of critical thinking, which enabled students not only to meaningfully perceive information, but also to analyze it, highlight the main and secondary, and draw conclusions (comparative tasks to identify epithet and definition).
Research technology - search, identification of problems that ensured the mental activity of students, developed independence (for example, tasks to identify problems and lesson goals);
Gaming technologies. An entertaining game was used in the lesson: recognize an object by its attribute - determine the time of year using an adjective.
The ability to correctly express your thoughts largely determines how others will understand you. It is for this reason that the Russian language is one of the main subjects of the school curriculum. It begins with penmanship in the first grade and is taught throughout the entire period of study. For many, it is quite problematic to learn to write without errors - this is evidenced by a person’s speech culture, the way he expresses himself and speaks. Some teachers believe that the ability to speak correctly largely determines an individual’s literacy and his ability to express his thoughts. It is for this reason that the educational program is aimed not at memorizing the rules of the Russian language, but at developing the ability to construct one’s reasoning stylistically correctly. To this end, the school carries out a large amount of work aimed at description. Their examples are quite simple: or, say, about how a child spent his holidays.
Such tasks allow the student to develop the ability to correctly select the right words and, as a result, express themselves competently.
What is a description
A description is any passage of text or saying that reveals the meaning of what was seen or heard. In fact, the same description of nature comes down to the verbal transfer of what he saw onto paper. As a rule, a person encounters this type of text for the first time at school during Russian language lessons. Modern educational programs are structured in such a way that junior high school students, namely fifth and sixth grades, write essays that require, for example, a description of flowers or a person. In fact, there is nothing complicated or unusual in such a task, but the child may have certain difficulties due to the fact that he has never described something in a coherent text before.
Types of description
In general, all descriptions can be divided into two large groups: living and nonliving. The first type includes people, animals, plants, nature, in a word, everything that can be considered animate. The second type is also quite common: this includes descriptions of the city, seasons, things, equipment. Despite this division, the methods of storytelling may overlap, since the essays must necessarily contain some literary presentation, which involves the use of means of artistic expression. Of course, this comes with time, and the first essays will not at all look like perfectly written texts. But with the proper level of reading of a child, over time he will learn to use suitable words to describe anything, be it a description of nature or a person.
Description plan
Despite the fact that during lessons the teacher is obliged to give students the plan according to which the description should be made, examples of such work may be different. Let's try to consider a certain universal way of writing such essays. First, you need to highlight for yourself the main points on which the structure of the work will be built, namely the introduction, the main part, conclusion or conclusion.
It is important to note that such works are missing. This is logical, because it is difficult to highlight it if the task is, for example, to describe a city. Each part has its own size. The introduction is short, a couple of general sentences that set the tone for the entire essay. The main part is more detailed; the main points will be here. The conclusion is the general impression of the described object. In the introduction, it should be said about how the object was created - if it is a painting, then by whom and when it was painted, if it is a building, then who is its architect. The main part will be discussed below, and in the conclusion, as a rule, they write about whether they liked or did not like the object and why.
How to Express Your Thoughts
When writing such a work, it is very important how the author will lead the narrative. One of the most successful methods of description is the selection of the most striking details and their detailed analysis. There is another way, which consists in a general overview of all available parts. Here it is very important to guess if, for example, the Artist could have made a certain emphasis that needs to be caught. In this case, the description will be vivid. Another very important point is that it is necessary to accurately select expressions so that the reader of the work can clearly imagine the object being described. Of course, such skill is inherent only to talented writers, but with hard work you can achieve good results.
Description at school
The most pressing issue is school descriptions, since this is where the first difficulties are discovered. In general, only certain types of work are used in tasks, after analyzing which you can successfully cope with any task. The second part of the article will be devoted to how to do this. As a rule, description tasks are based on various paintings by famous artists.
Surely an artistic description of nature is what every student first encounters. There is no need to be afraid of this, because there is a certain plan, following which you can cope with the task without much difficulty. So, there is a task that requires you to complete a description. Let's look at examples below.
Description of the landscape
First, you need to strictly follow the plan presented above. We are interested in the main part, since it raises the most questions. There is a rule: when describing any picture, you should move in one direction. What does it mean? It's quite simple. If there is a landscape, then it is necessary to describe objects, for example, from top to bottom or vice versa. This will allow you not to forget a single detail and get a holistic idea of the picture. Further, when moving, you need to select any object and describe its position in the overall composition, not forgetting to use expressions, as this will make the presentation more literary.
Also important is how the author named his painting. From this we can conclude what you should pay special attention to. If, for example, he named the painting “Summer,” this means that he should pay attention to all the attributes of this time of year and try to find them on the canvas. In this case, the description of summer will be quite successful. For example, a description of such a painting may briefly look like this: “In the painting by artist N, we see a picturesque landscape captured in the hot summer. The sun is at its zenith, so we can conclude that it is noon. The weather is calm, there is no wind , do not move. The bright colors on the field emphasize that now is June - the juiciest time," and so on.
Description of people
The second most popular task can be considered the description of various portraits. In essence, it is not much different from any other type, but the principle here is slightly different. If you need to make an example, you can consider it in any work of classical literature. A professional author easily “goes over” the hero’s appearance, examining his clothes, face and focusing on some distinctive features, which allows him to enliven the story. This technique will look very advantageous in any work. But it is necessary to have a sense of proportion, namely, not to focus on one detail. The very essence of the description is to most accurately convey the main features of the object in the shortest possible time.
Description of plants
The favorite theme of many artists is the depiction of plants, which is why they often have to face the problem of describing them. Here you should pay attention to the fact that, as a rule, such objects are small in size, so the author of the picture focuses on the details.
The description of flowers can serve as a prime example. If the picture is a still life, then you will have to try to notice all the features that the artist conveyed. Drops of dew, broken stamens or irregularly shaped petals are all important details that convey the mood of the painting, and therefore they should be reflected in the description. In general, there are no fundamental differences. The only thing you should pay attention to is the paints. The color of a plant can play a rather significant role, so it is necessary to turn to materials that reveal the meaning of color symbols.
Other descriptions
In addition to the notorious pictures, another type of task can be a description of the holidays. Probably everyone wrote about how he spent them, certainly including a description of the summer in his story. Here it is worth paying attention to some general details that are associated with this or that time of year, something that anyone can easily imagine. Then the work will look very advantageous.
Conclusion
Of course, you can give a lot of advice on how to write a description. Examples will not be superfluous, but they may turn out to be very important when writing any work. Its presence in most cases can significantly help, even if a person does not have the information. Borrowing other people's thoughts can dull the writing talent that everyone has. And this, in turn, is fraught with the fact that in high school or during exams it will be difficult for the student to concentrate and correctly express his thoughts. If a child is independently able to complete a description of a particular object, it means that he not only knows how to correctly express his thoughts, but does it confidently and quickly. Undoubtedly, this needs to be learned, and only practice will be useful here. Knowing the Russian language is the duty of every citizen of Russia.
Summer is a wonderful time of year. Long sunny days are followed by short warm nights. Most often the weather is clear and the endless blue sky stretches overhead. The trees are lushly dressed in bright green clothes. Under them, grass grows thickly everywhere, dotted with colorful lights of summer flowers - poppies, bells, clover, tansy, chamomile, marigolds... And above them butterflies flutter and all sorts of goosebumps buzz.
Summer decorates gardens and orchards. Juicy cherries are ripe, followed by apricots and peaches. Large red strawberries hang low to the ground. Gradually
Green tomatoes “sunbathe” in the rays of the summer sun. Here and there cucumbers are tied to the arches. The tenacious, prickly branches of blackberries are completely strewn with sweet dark purple, almost black berries. And so it is everywhere - a riot of color, a celebration of fertility, a pleasant feeling of warmth and comfort.
Summer has a wonderful ringing voice - it is the birds singing high in the sky or hidden in the branches of trees - the maestro nightingale, the morning lark, the cheerful chattering sparrow. And towards evening, the music of summer changes - a chorus of crickets begins, which does not stop until the morning.
And even the rain in summer is warm and gentle. Under the tent of the low
The cloudy air becomes hot. Cool drops of rain wash away dust from roads and foliage, making it sparkle with an even purer emerald glow.
Summer is bright, colorful... June is not like August, and July has something to please the eye. High clear sky, warm clear water of rivers, ripe fruits, rich colors around... There is no person in the world who does not love summer!
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ratings, average: 4.00
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Essays on topics:
- Summer is my favorite season of the year. Not because the longest holidays are starting, but because it’s warm. In summer it appears...
- The night hid behind a magical cloud, and a rosy morning descended onto the earth. The sun is about to rise. Its rays are already shining on...
- Spring has come. And with the arrival of spring, all the nature around is transformed. First, the days lengthen, and the temperature gradually rises by...
If I were suddenly asked how to correctly describe nature in fics, especially fantasy ones, I would shrug my shoulders in bewilderment. But to the question of how you describe her, mother, I would answer - just like I’ll write below. Therefore, I do not take upon myself the importance of considering all possible options; I will only note those that I use. We must immediately take into account that among us there are few Prishvins and Paustovskys, not to mention the Turgenevs with their hunting notes, and yet nature does not have bad weather, but without nature the fic clearly loses something. Let's think about why: 1) Yes, because we are all children of nature and live in it, even if there is not a tree visible outside the window. After all, nature is everything: sky, sun and water, and our heroes always come into contact with them, their relatives. 2) Because describing nature is beautiful if you choose the right epithets and generally know how to look correctly at the world around us. 3) Because with words we are trying to create a picture in the reader’s mind’s eye, and in this picture, like in a photograph, there is always a background - and in most cases - this is nature. 4) Because in fics we try to reveal the feelings of the characters, and comparisons with nature help us better convey experiences. Just remember from literature lessons poor Prince Bolkonsky with his oak tree! 5) And so on and so forth... Each of us can write a certain number of points that are particularly significant for him personally. And this is good. This means that a description of nature is really necessary. Now I will move on to my understanding of the necessity of nature, namely where and when I include my descriptions. In order not to go too far from the application, I will immediately describe the need for descriptions of nature in fantasy. In this genre, we introduce the reader to a fictional world and, like a child, explain to him our fantasy by means of comparison with the reality around us. Like, our sky is blue, but theirs is purple-pink, as if at sunset. The picture clicked in my brain - the passage was a success. Or we describe a world that is very similar to the one in which we live, then with descriptions of nature we confirm this fact. In general, nature in fantasy is necessary to immerse the reader in a new, unknown world. So, from here we immediately deduce a point of a descriptive nature: 1) The description of nature creates a picture before the eyes, so it is important here not to spread your thoughts over the tree, but to immediately find the oak tree that is in the foreground in the picture. Sometimes it is enough to describe the color of the sky, the number of trees in the background and the state of the grass at the moment. The non-Prishvin reader gets tired of a more detailed description. But a sophisticated reader can be killed right here by the richness of the language, which opens in the descriptive part of nature - the cobweb trembled like a thin shawl on the shoulders of a girl... Or better, like Yesenin - as if I rode on a pink horse in the echoing early spring... Where did the pink horse come from, you ask ? Yes, many critics at first believed that it was just for rhythm and rhyme, that is, a beautiful word, but it turned out that the white horse at dawn was really pink, but only the observant eye of the poet caught it and put it into words. Therefore, good descriptions require not only a rich language, but also observation skills - you can wander the streets and take pictures, or you can simply save your favorite nature photographs found on the Internet to an album, and then, like in school, write an essay from the picture. So, it’s time to put an end to it, because we can talk about pictures forever. 2) The second point is very close to me - I try to enhance the drama of the story with nature, that is, comparisons of two types are used: - nature suffers or rejoices along with the hero. Like, according to Rosenbaum, “nature became sad with the rains.” Here we describe the gloomy sky and gloomy face, rain running down the cheeks mixed with tears, and now the reader cries with the hero, because nature itself sympathizes with him. - nature doesn’t care, that is, the hero is crying, and the sunbeams are laughing in the yard. This is very appropriate when the heroes are not understood by the world - neither people nor nature care about them. And yet sometimes contrast also shows the depth of experience. Like, he should be jumping with sparrows through spring puddles right now, but he doesn’t even have the strength to lift his leg to step over this very puddle. 3) The point is reflective. The hero sits and looks at nature, like that same Prince Andrei. So I, too, have become crusty and tired of life - beautiful on top and rotten on the inside. Excellent - here is the scene of action and the state of the hero. Well, something like this. Perhaps not exactly what the author wanted, but I tried to write a drabbles. If someone likes it, I will be happy to develop each point. While this is the case, brainstorm on the topic of the application. Thanks everyone for reading! And good weather in your fics!