What documents are needed to produce herbal tea. Tea business, making exclusive tea with your own hands. Natural drink. Direct production technology

Many enterprising businessmen have already turned their attention to the field of manufacturing natural products. And for good reason - today it is in high demand among the population, due to the dominance of low-quality artificial products. And when looking for an idea of ​​just such an orientation, it is worth thinking about buying equipment for the production of Ivan tea and starting its mass production. Ivan tea has long been called “Russian tea”. This plant was previously exported abroad in large quantities. From the dried stems, leaves and flowers of fireweed, you can get a delicious drink, which is also famous for its beneficial properties - the prevention of many diseases, a sedative.

Our business assessment:

Starting investments – from 0 rub.

Market saturation is low.

The difficulty of starting a business is 4/10.

The production of Ivan tea as a business will be beneficial to the entrepreneur from the point of view that it will not require large investments. Let's say more - you can get the finished product right at home, without spending money on purchasing special equipment. Making fireweed tea at home is not at all difficult, and by following the technology, the output can be a product that is no different in quality from what is produced in a full-fledged factory.

Will activity registration be required?

Whether it is worth registering your activities depends on the circumstances. If an entrepreneur sells only surpluses from his own subsidiary plot, and the sale of Ivan tea is carried out only to friends and close neighbors, then it is hardly worth spending money on completing a package of documents. But with non-certified products, it is definitely not possible to enter larger sales markets and conclude profitable supply contracts! Do you want to deliver a high-quality product, with labels and packaged in original containers, to store shelves? Then, observing all the rules prescribed by law, you will have to start registering your activities. In order to produce granulated Ivan tea, since we are talking about the food industry, you will need to obtain permission from Rospotrebnadzor to conduct activities and certify the products planned for release. Also, an entrepreneur may think about obtaining a special certificate for the production of a line of healthy teas as dietary supplements.

It does not matter what organizational and legal form the entrepreneur chooses to conduct business. To avoid paperwork, you can first register an individual entrepreneur.

A mini plant for the production of Ivan tea will supply original products to store shelves if you register your own brand. Here you have to develop your own logo and label design.

What range of products can be produced?

While the technology is just being mastered, the entrepreneur can only produce regular tea. But as practice shows, the product is also in demand on the market in a mixture with other components - dried berries and leaves of currants, raspberries, and lemongrass. There are a lot of variations, and to diversify the assortment, you can expand the product line.

There is one more classification. Depending on the fermentation conditions of Ivan tea, the following types can be distinguished:

• Weakly fermented - white, yellow, green.
• Semi-fermented - red, purple, blue.
• Fermented - black.
• Over-fermented - pu-erh.

And even fermenting Ivan tea at home will allow you to obtain different types of product.

Where to get raw materials?

The raw material for the production of natural tea is the fireweed plant. Surely everyone has seen it at their own dacha or in the field - very often it grows like a weed. It turns out that there is plenty of raw material for further production. Of course, it is useless to look for dried leaves from suppliers - the collection and preparation of Ivan tea is, as a rule, carried out on one’s own.

Depending on the specific region, plants are collected between June and August. Moreover, it is better to pick plants early in the morning - when the dew has just evaporated.

If you believe experts in this field, it is quite possible to collect up to 5 kg of fresh raw materials in an hour. But the preparation of fireweed leaves must be done in a timely manner, because if you leave it in bags for a long time, the leaves will begin to darken and lose their beneficial properties.

To obtain tea at home, you can collect plants yourself. But if we talk about the industrial scale of production, then in order not to miss the time of harvesting Ivan tea and in a short time to provide the enterprise with large reserves of raw materials, it is necessary to do without additional labor. Hired workers can be paid by the volume of collected raw materials or by the hour.

Tea production technology

The production technology of Ivan tea is very simple. And in industrial conditions the process is almost completely automated.

What stages can be distinguished here?

• Withering. Removing moisture from leaves to create optimal conditions for further processing of raw materials.
• Preparation of raw materials. Leaves, stems and flowers are cleared of debris and, if necessary, sorted.
• Curling of leaves. The goal is to destroy the cell walls and give the leaves the desired shape.
• Aerobic fermentation. Keeping leaves under certain temperature and humidity conditions.
• Drying. The goal is to complete the fermentation process.
• Roasting. Processing a product under certain conditions to impart its final properties.
• Package. The product can be packaged in containers of any size.

And at home it’s not difficult to get the finished product. To do this, freshly picked and slightly dried plants need to be crushed in your hands so that the leaves release juice. It is also possible to ferment Ivan tea through a meat grinder. And this option is even better, since all biochemical processes will proceed much faster in the future. Wet leaves are “packed” in gauze and placed under pressure in a dark place (up to 2 days). Next, the leaves of Ivan tea are dried. This can be done outdoors in partial shade or in the oven.

What equipment is used to produce fireweed?

If we talk about home business, then in the process of obtaining the finished product you can use available “equipment” - knives, meat grinder, oven, baking sheets, containers. But the industrial method will definitely require special machines, since considerable volumes of raw materials will be processed here. The price of equipment for making Ivan tea will vary in a wide range (800,000-2,000,000 rubles), depending on the power, degree of automation and configuration.

The complete line includes the following names of machines and devices:

• leaf cutting machine,
• curing machine,
• rollerballs,
• tea lump breaking machine,
• fermentation machine,
• automatic dryer,
• bake,
• packaging and filling machine.

To receive tea packaged in disposable bags, you will need to purchase a special machine separately.

Industrial production of fireweed tea in Russia is still poorly developed, but some domestic companies are already offering for sale machines for producing a high-quality product. A specific line should be selected based on the planned volumes of tea sales and available investments.

The issue of product sales and enterprise profitability

The product is in demand on the market, so there should be no problems with its sale. True, at first, most likely, you will have to cooperate only with private shops and stores, and not with large retail chains.

The payback period will depend on the investments made in the business. If you have a meat grinder for Ivan tea and an oven, then starting a home business may not require any investment at all. Industrial production of the product can be established by spending at least 1,500,000 rubles.

Fermentation methods for producing tea are different, and therefore the price of the finished product also varies. On average, fireweed tea sells for 800-1300 rubles/kg. Its cost is 40-60% lower. These are excellent indicators of the profitability of the planned business.

Why buy imported teas, the quality of which we are not sure of, if you can brew a delicious drink from local herbs? Ivan tea or angustifolia fireweed is a perennial medicinal plant that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent in folk medicine. Fireweed flowers are excellent honey plants, and the drink made from dried leaves has an exquisite taste. In our country, in recent years, the demand for natural products has increased significantly, so the production of fireweed tea has become a profitable business.

Benefits of fireweed tea

Unlike Indian tea, fireweed does not contain caffeine, so it can be drunk by almost anyone and at any time of the day. Thanks to the cellular composition of the leaves, a drink from this plant tones the body, calms the nervous system and relieves headaches. It is also recommended to drink it for colds, stomach ulcers and even for cancer.

The healing properties of fireweed tea are explained by the content of a number of microelements and vitamins in it (it contains 6 times more vitamin C than lemon). It is also interesting that the plant does not lose its properties with any treatment of the leaves.

The fireweed drink has excellent taste, color and aroma.

Also, fireweed tea goes well with other plants: mint, chamomile and lemon balm. You can find more than 15 varieties of fireweed-based tea on the market. As we can see, the production of fireweed tea in Russia is a good alternative to importing flavored analogues.

Organization of production

Fireweed is a wild herb that grows in natural biocenoses, so to begin with it can be collected and processed manually without any investment. One person can collect up to 30 kg of plants per day, but these are too small volumes to build a serious business on. Since there are simply no wholesale suppliers of fireweed tea, you can hire pickers or buy raw materials in nearby villages, and then process it yourself. But there is a risk that the plants will not be collected in accordance with the technology: they need to be collected only during flowering, in the morning, when the leaves are dry, without dew.

To be able to control the harvesting process, some entrepreneurs buy a large plot of land, sow it with fireweed seeds, grow plants, hire and train people to harvest the harvest; They themselves process the collected raw materials. Thus, the full production cycle occurs under the supervision of specialists, and this guarantees the receipt of high-quality raw materials with the best taste and healing properties.

Manufacturing technology

The first stage in the production of fireweed tea is the collection of leaves. It is carried out in late June–early August during flowering, which depends on the climatic conditions of a particular region. Harvested leaves must be processed immediately so that they do not darken and lose their beneficial properties. To produce different types of tea, you can harvest other herbs, and also use different types of fermentation.

Tea leaf processing

Leaf processing consists of 7 stages:

1. Preparation. The leaves are sorted, getting rid of debris and rot.
2. Drying. The raw materials are transferred to a dark place and left for a day until they become more elastic.
3. Curling or fragmentation. The leaves are processed, during which the plant releases juice to allow the tea polyphenols to react with enzymes. To obtain granulated tea, use a meat grinder.
4. Fermentation. This is the main stage of leaf processing, which determines the type of tea and its taste properties. Leaves are stacked on wooden pallets or aluminum sheets in a cool, dark place. At this time, enzymes destroy oxalic acid. Depending on the degree of fermentation, different types of tea can be obtained using special equipment.
5. Drying. Fermented leaves are dried in the oven for 0.5–2 hours. This process produces leaves with 2–5% moisture content.
6. Tracking. Dry leaves are left for some time so that they acquire a tea color and acquire a characteristic aroma.
7. Fractionation. This stage is used only in large productions. Large leaves are packaged, and small leaves are sent to the production of tea bags.

Tea varieties

As we have already said, using different fermentation methods, you can get different types of tea. These include:

• weakly fermented (green, yellow, white tea);
• semi-fermented (red, blue tea);
• fermented (black tea);
• over-fermented (pu-erh teas - elite class teas).

The assortment can also be diversified by adding various herbs and flavorings to the fireweed. But experts recommend starting with making classic tea in order to thoroughly master the production technology.

Tea production as a business

You need to enter the market with a quality product, so you must gain experience in production. If you have mastered the technology of making fireweed tea and want to make it your business, you can start registering your business.

Business registration

To produce tea for sale, you need to register as an individual entrepreneur or LLC - if you are planning large-scale production. In this case, it is advisable to register your own brand and logo, and create a corporate label design.

To sell your products, you will need to obtain permission from Rospotrebnadzor and certify each batch of tea. In the future, you can register the products as dietary supplements and sell them in pharmacies and sanatoriums.

Equipment

For industrial production of fireweed, you will need special equipment:

• blending drum (mixer);
• rollers;
• oven or drying chamber;
• Packaging equipment.

Equipment for the production of fireweed tea is almost impossible to buy in Russia, so it must be ordered from other countries.

You can save a lot by buying an entire line, the price of which depends on the configuration, power and automation and amounts to 1–2 million rubles.

Standard equipment:

• apparatus for cutting leaves;
• drying machine;
• rollers;
• apparatus for breaking lumps;
• fermentation machine;
• Dryer;
• bake;
• packaging machine.

To produce tea bags you will need to purchase a separate unit.

Recruitment

For a tea business, the first thing you will need is leaf pickers. One worker must collect six bags of raw materials per day, the payment for which is about 800 rubles. Operators are hired to process the leaves. Since the equipment for the production of fireweed tea is automated and easy to operate, the qualifications of workers are not particularly important.

You need to select a technologist with special care, because the quality of the product depends on him. His responsibilities include developing tea varieties and monitoring all stages of production. An experienced engineer is also needed to monitor the operation of all machines and control the work as a whole.

The staff may also include electricians and mechanics to repair equipment, but if you are planning a small production, you can use their services as needed, without registering them with your company.

Sales market

Natural tea is in great demand. But despite this, you need to carefully plan your marketing policy. First, work with private shops and small shops. If you manage to build a good reputation with consumers, you can target large retail chains. A good option would be to open branded stores. Restaurants, canteens, fitness centers, sanatoriums, pharmacies and vitamin shops can also become potential clients.

Recently, more and more manufacturers are selling their products via the Internet. You can sell products using classified sites or your own online store. It is also helpful to attend various festivals and fairs where you can promote your product by hosting tastings and retail sales.

Expenses and income

For large-scale production, you need to purchase equipment for at least 1 million rubles. Registration, certification and purchase of packaging will cost approximately 100 thousand rubles. per month. You also need to take into account the payment of wages, utilities, rent and equipment repairs.

The cost of tea depends on the degree of fermentation and the presence of additives in it and ranges from 800–1300 rubles/kg. This is about 50% more than the actual cost. The production of fireweed tea as a business has a profitability of at least 40%. Experienced entrepreneurs have concluded that with good organization of work, such a business pays for itself in about a year.

Professional equipment for the production of Ivan tea: Video

Ivan tea has been used since ancient times as an alternative to Indian tea. And today, when interest in natural products has increased on the market, the production of Ivan tea is receiving a new wave of revival.

The scientific name of Ivan tea is angustifolia fireweed. This is a perennial herb that has a narrow leaf, a thick rhizome and a long, up to 40 cm, inflorescence raceme. It grows up to one and a half meters in height, and can grow in one place for up to eight years. It reproduces by rhizomes and seeds, which can produce up to several thousand per flowering. By the way, its flowers are excellent honey plants, so the production of Ivan tea can complement the honey production business.

Why Ivan-tea

The plant has excellent taste, aroma and color when brewed. In addition, it goes well with other medicinal plants, such as oregano, chamomile, mint. Therefore, the production of Ivan tea is a good alternative to imported flavored analogues. Especially considering that the plant tolerates any experiments with it well, maintaining its healing properties. Some manufacturers have been able to produce up to 15 different varieties of finished products based on Ivan tea.

The medicinal properties of the plant have been known since ancient times. Many years ago, it was prepared in approximately the same way as now - through fermentation technology. It was believed that tea could cure almost all diseases. Today it has been proven that the plant contains very valuable vitamins and microelements and does not contain caffeine, which ordinary teas can boast of. A drink from this plant not only soothes and tones, but also relieves headaches, scars ulcers and even helps treat cancer. The advantage of tea is that it is not a medicine and you can drink it constantly.

Features of production organization

How to organize a business depends on your capabilities and investment. The plant grows freely in the wild, so it can be collected by hand and prepared with improvised means. In a day, one person with certain skill can collect about 30 kg of Ivan tea. This will not require any capital investments, but the production volumes will be negligible, and it is unlikely that you can build a serious business on them.

You can organize the purchase of raw materials, and deal with its subsequent processing yourself: drying and fermentation. The only problem is that there are no wholesale suppliers of raw materials; you will have to hire assemblers or announce purchases in nearby villages. However, in this case there is no guarantee that the leaves will be collected in accordance with the requirements of the production technology. It must be collected during flowering only in the morning, when there is no dew on the leaves. There is no way for the population to monitor the assembly during purchases, and this factor affects the taste of tea and its medicinal properties.

Therefore, many include in their business plan the organization of a full production cycle, that is, the acquisition of land for planting, sowing and growing, self-harvesting and fermentation. This way you can be guaranteed to receive high-quality raw materials and avoid the costs of purchasing them. Although some experts consider this approach economically unjustified.

Manufacturing technology of Ivan tea

The production of Ivan tea begins with the collection of leaves. Procurement time is from late June to early August, depending on the climatic conditions of the region where the business is organized. The leaves are collected in bags and immediately put into processing, since when folded they can darken and lose the desired properties.

The production technology of Ivan tea is not much different from the production technology of any other tea leaf. If desired, you can also produce different varieties: with or without the addition of other herbs, different types of fermentation, etc.

Stages of production of Ivan tea

1. Preparing the leaves. They are sorted, separating debris, washed, and dried in a shaded place.
2. After preparing the raw material, the process of withering begins. To do this, place it in a dark place where the sun's rays do not reach and leave it for about a day. To reduce this time, drying units are used. After a slight loss of moisture, the sheet becomes more elastic.
3. Then comes the twisting stage. During processing, the leaves yield juice. This allows the tea polyphenyls to mix with the enzymes. In small home production this is done by hand. For large volumes, a meat grinder is used, which makes it possible to obtain granulated tea. But when manually processed during brewing, the tea leaf gives sourness, resulting in a more tart drink.
4. Fermentation. One of the most critical stages on which the type of tea, its taste and medicinal properties depend. The rolled or ground sheet is kept in a dark and cool room on aluminum sheets or wooden pallets. During this process, oxalic acid is destroyed inside the leaf, and the beneficial substances contained are activated. If you use special equipment, you can set it for full or partial fermentation. If you do this manually, you need to constantly monitor the process in order to stop it in time.
5. Drying. This stage takes from 20 minutes to two hours depending on the method used. The fermented leaf is dried in ovens or in special drying cabinets with a flow of hot air on lattice trays. Upon completion of this process, the resulting tea is black in color with 2-5% moisture content.
6. Cooling is necessary for the raw materials to acquire a characteristic aroma and acquire a typical tea shade.
7. Fractionation. This process is carried out when large volumes of production have been established. Large tea is packaged, and small tea is used to make tea bags.

Possible product range

Experts recommend producing a regular variety of tea at the initial stage. Thus, a novice entrepreneur can thoroughly master the basic production technology. You can then include product line expansion in your business plan. First of all, you can diversify it thanks to various natural additives. As already mentioned, you can use other aromatic plants, such as mint, chamomile, currant leaves, lemongrass, oregano and others. In addition, various dried berries are used as additives.

But you can expand the range not only with additives. It is possible to use different methods of fermentation of raw materials, which produce completely different types of tea. So, the following teas are distinguished:

• Weakly fermented, so-called green, yellow, white.
• Semi-fermented teas are blue, purple, and red teas.
• Fermented - classic black.
• Over-fermented - rare and expensive pu-erhs.

All these fermentation methods give Ivan tea its special taste and aroma properties.

Paperwork

Only after deciding on the type of production and thoroughly mastering the technology, it is recommended to include official registration of the business in the business plan. The fact is that it is desirable to enter the market with a high-quality product, so it is recommended to first acquire some production experience. At the initial stage, when you prepare tea for yourself, relatives, or acquaintances from your private farming, official registration is not needed. The law allows for the possibility of selling surplus production without paying taxes.

But as soon as you decide to take your production to another level, you need to include official registration in your business plan. At least for the fact that to sell the product you will need its certification. Without accompanying documentation, your tea will not be accepted for sale in any store. To do this, it is necessary to obtain a special permit from Rospotrebnadzor for this type of activity, as well as to certify each batch of goods. The same body approves the technical conditions of production and its recipe. Over time, you can register the product line as a dietary supplement and sell it to pharmacies and sanatoriums.

However, even before this, you must register your activities with the tax office. You can choose the organizational and legal form of an individual entrepreneur. This will help avoid unnecessary paperwork. But if you are organizing a large-scale production, it is better to register an LLC. In this case, it is also recommended to create and register your own brand by developing a unique label design with the company logo.

Staff

Whether or not you will need staff depends on what type of enterprise your business plan entails. If you organize a business like a personal subsidiary plot, then you will not need personnel - all production is serviced by your family.

If you have significant production volumes that are serviced by special equipment, you will need hired personnel. First of all, tea leaf pickers. They are paid approximately 800 rubles. per day with a collection rate of six bags. Operators will also be required to maintain the equipment. The equipment is mostly automated and easy to operate, so you don’t have to look for highly qualified workers.

Skilled labor will be needed from an engineer who will control the order of work in general and the machines in particular. It is advisable to have your own electrician and mechanic to repair production lines. If the production is small, these specialists can not be hired, but their services can be used as needed. The most responsible will be the search for a technologist who must develop varieties of tea and control the technology for their production. There is no official training for tea production specialists in the country, so you need to look for a person who has worked in this direction for many years.

Equipment

As already noted, if you are planning a large-scale production, the business plan should provide for the purchase of special equipment. From specialized companies it is necessary to purchase the following basic production units:

• blending drum;
• tea rollers;
• drying oven;
• Packaging equipment.

Finding this equipment is quite difficult because it is not produced in Russia. And all because tea is not produced in the country. The maximum is that raw materials are imported and packaged. Therefore, equipment will have to be purchased from foreign manufacturers.

You can optimize your spending plan and save on purchases if you buy devices not individually, but as a whole production line. Depending on the configuration, degree of automation and power, it will cost from 800 thousand rubles. up to 2 million rubles It will consist of the following settings:

• leaf cutting machine,
• curing machine,
• rollerballs,
• tea lump breaking machine,
• fermentation machine,
• automatic dryer,
• bake,
• packaging and filling machine.

In addition, if you plan to make tea bags, you will need to purchase a separate unit.

Production costs

As already noted, if you organize a small business, you can do without any investments at all. For serious production, at least 80 thousand rubles must be allocated for the purchase of equipment. In addition, another 100 thousand rubles must be included in the expenditure plan. for certification, registration, purchase of tools, packaging, labels. The larger the production, the more personnel will be needed, and the salary plan will accordingly increase.

The products are usually packaged in 100-gram packages. The cost of each depends on the method of tea fermentation and the additives used. On average, Ivan tea is sold at prices ranging from 800 to 1,300 rubles. per kilogram. This is approximately 40-60% more than its actual cost. Accordingly, business profitability remains at the level of 50-100%.

It is believed that the payback plan for a business can be set for about a year. But we must take into account that the business is seasonal - the collection of raw materials can only be carried out in June-August. Therefore, for year-round production, it is necessary to prepare a sufficient amount of raw materials and think through the technology for its production. Accordingly, you need to take care of storage facilities. This is the only way to offer a quality product to the market.

Promotion of products on the market

The market demonstrates a high demand for such a product, but in order to establish wide sales channels for tea, you need to work hard on your marketing policy. You should start with small shops and private shops. And only when the product wins over its consumers can it move to large retail chains. Over time, it’s worth opening your own store.

Potential distribution channels are pharmacies, vitamin shops, motels, restaurants and other catering establishments. But these areas can only be developed when all the documentation for the products has been completed. Another reliable sales channel is the Internet. You can sell tea through message boards or your own online store, if the product range allows. Also keep an eye out for all sorts of thematic fairs and festivals where you can organize tastings and retail sales of Ivan tea.

In this material:

The increased consumer interest in natural products makes the fireweed tea business very profitable. The beneficial properties of this herb have been known since ancient times. Our ancestors long ago learned to harvest this plant and use it in tea drinking and treating diseases. Unlike regular tea, this drink does not contain caffeine. You can enjoy this tea indefinitely. It perfectly calms, eliminates fatigue, irritability, headaches and simply has a pleasant aroma and aftertaste. Some experts have even noted the positive dynamics of treating cancer with a decoction of this plant.

The inflorescences and leaves have an interesting aftertaste and a breathtaking aroma. Ivan tea is successfully combined with such popular medicinal herbs as chamomile, mint and oregano. The production of tea from this perennial can be a good competitor to imported producers of aromatic drinks. This herb retains the maximum amount of beneficial properties when dried and brewed. Experts have developed more than 15 different types of products based on fireweed tea.

How to distinguish fireweed from other plants? This type of perennial grass has narrow leaves, long roots and beautiful inflorescences. Fireweed grows up to 1 m in height and is propagated by seeds and root shoots. This allows you to create over 1 thousand new plants in one season. It is important to note that the flower is honey-bearing, so a business based on the production of tea from this plant can be supplemented with a related business - an apiary.

How to organize a successful business?

The success of a business depends entirely on physical capabilities. The herb grows only in the wild and can be collected by hand all day long. As a rule, in 8 hours of a working day, with skills developed over time, a person can gain about 25 kg of grass. With this approach to organizing a business, you don’t need any money at all, but the volumes will be so small that you can hardly talk about serious profits.

It is better to organize the purchase of ready-made raw materials, doing only its drying and fermentation. The problem is that there are no wholesale suppliers of fireweed tea. It will be necessary to hire people to collect grass or announce the purchase of raw materials in villages. This also has its pitfalls. In order for the herb to retain all its beneficial properties, it must be collected at a certain period. Do this in the morning, when there is no dew on the grass. It is almost impossible to ensure that the collected material is of appropriate quality.

To be sure that the herb has the proper taste and healing qualities, many entrepreneurs control the entire production cycle themselves. To do this, they acquire a certain plot of land where they independently grow, collect and process the plant. This is the only way to guarantee high-quality material, while avoiding the costs of purchasing and paying assemblers.

The process of producing tea from the inflorescences and leaves of a perennial is practically no different from the technological process of making any other tea.

From collection to sales

The technological process will be as follows:

1. Collection and preparation of leaves. It needs to be carefully sorted, debris separated, washed, and dried in the shade.
2. Withering of the leaf. The collection is laid out in a dark place where there is no sunlight and left for 24 hours. If finances allow, you can purchase special drying machines that will significantly speed up the process. After the process is completed, the sheet acquires special elasticity.
3. Twisting stage. After this treatment, the leaves produce juice, which allows the enzymes and tea polyphenols to mix together. If the production is small, this process is carried out manually. For mass production, a special meat grinder is used. It is worth noting that manual processing gives the tea a special sourness and astringency.
4. Fermentation of the collection. This stage is very important; the taste and healing properties of tea depend on it. The rolled and ground sheet is sent to a dark place to dry. It is better to lay out raw materials on wooden pallets or pre-prepared aluminum sheets. At this time, oxalic acid in the leaf is destroyed and beneficial substances are activated. Using special equipment, you can set up the process of complete or partial fermentation. If the process is carried out manually, you need to carefully monitor it in order to stop fermentation in a timely manner.
5. Drying stage. The duration of this event ranges from 20 minutes to 3 hours. The prepared raw materials are dried in special cabinets on grid trays with a flow of hot air. Upon completion of drying, only high-quality raw materials with a characteristic aroma and color remain.
6. Fractionation stage. This event is held mainly at large enterprises with large production volumes. Small tea is packaged in bags, and large leaf tea is packaged by weight.

How to register a business?

To start tea production, you must register as an individual entrepreneur or open a limited liability company. The choice of registration form depends on the size of the business. After all the documents have been completed at the tax office and the necessary permits have been obtained from the relevant government agencies, it is necessary to agree on the recipe and technical production conditions. Only after this will you be given permits.

Next is resolving issues with hiring staff, purchasing specialized equipment, and renting utility rooms. The number of people involved in manual collection of grass is also determined by the scale of production. If you initially organize the technological process correctly and find a wholesale buyer, then there will be no problems with the business.

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Tea is on the list of the most consumed products in Russia, which means that a multi-million dollar sales market is open for a budding businessman. Tea production - whether the tea business is profitable or not, what is the technology for making tea and the equipment necessary for this.

Types of tea

Tea spread throughout the world from China, where it was originally used as a medicine. Now many countries and regions are engaged in their own tea production, which is given their name - Chinese, Indian, Ceylon, Japanese, Indo-Chinese, African.

All types of teas are produced from the leaves of the tea bush; they differ in the degree of processing:

1. Black tea goes through a long fermentation process.
2. Green tea does not undergo fermentation or undergoes short-term fermentation.
3. White tea is prepared from unopened buds (tips) and young leaves, withered and dried.
4. Yellow tea is prepared like green tea; it is simmered in a closed container before the drying stage.
5. Oolong undergoes fermentation for 2-3 days, acquiring a specific taste and aroma.
6. Pu-erh is a long-aged fermented green tea.

Depending on further processing, teas are:

• Baikhovye are traditional leafy ones.
• Pressed - in briquettes, plates, tablets.
• Granulated - crushed using special equipment.
• Extracted – instant teas in the form of a liquid extract or powder.
• Bagged - in addition to tea in bags, they also produce products in sticks and capsules.
• Flavored - crushed additives are added to the tea or the leaves are stored next to the flavoring and saturated with its smell. The most popular are jasmine, bergamot, lemon, mint.

Tea is consumed mainly as a drink, hot or cold. Less often - as a seasoning and salad. Caffeine, vitamin P, dyes are also obtained from the leaves, and oil is obtained from the seeds.

Manufacturing technology

The most popular types of tea are black and green. Although the same raw materials are used for production, further processing differs. The first two steps in any type of tea production are cultivation and harvesting.

The world leaders in growing tea bushes are China, India, Africa, and Sri Lanka. The plant is demanding in terms of living conditions; it requires a very warm and humid climate on the slopes of the mountains so that the roots do not become immersed in water. In the tropics, 4 crops are harvested per year. In the Russian Federation, tea grows in the southern part of the Krasnodar Territory, where the climate is considered subtropical.

To produce different types of tea, a certain type of leaves is used, mainly only the top of the bush, and for higher grades - the buds of the plant, so the collection and sorting is done manually. To get 1 kg of dry tea, you need to collect about 4 kg of fresh raw materials. Mechanized harvesting is used in the production of third-grade tea or pharmaceutical products. The first harvest after planting is harvested after 2 years.

Making black tea

To obtain an aromatic drink, tea leaves undergo the following stages of processing:

1. Drying.
2. Twisting.
3. Fermentation.
4. Drying.
5. Sorting.
6. Aromatization.
7. Packaging.

To remove excess moisture from tea leaves and make them flexible, they are subjected to withering - drying in the fresh air (in the shade or in the sun), indoors or in dryers. The exposure time ranges from 4 hours when using equipment to 24 hours under natural conditions. The duration of this stage also depends on the initial microclimate and the type of tea being produced. In different regions, shrinkage is increased to 40-50%.

In the open air, tea leaves are laid out on large baking sheets or nets in a layer of about 12 cm, shaken regularly to dry the entire mass, and blown using special equipment. Normal conditions for withering are at a temperature of +24-25°C and a humidity of 60-70%.

At the rolling stage, the integrity of the tea leaves is disrupted and they become similar to regular tea. At the same time, the juice is squeezed out and the fermentation process starts. For the production of expensive elite varieties, hand rolling is used; tea of ​​lower quality is rolled in rollers.

The industrial method uses CTC (crushing, tearing, twisting) equipment to produce granulated tea. The higher the degree of twisting, the stronger the tea leaves.

The technology of leaf rolling to produce long tea takes place in 3 stages, 45 minutes each, at a humidity of 96-98% and a temperature of +22-26°C. Between them, raw materials are divided by grade.

Fermentation is the chemical process of oxidation of rolled leaves to produce the characteristic aromatic and flavor properties of black tea. Fermentation is carried out in special rooms at a humidity of 96-98%, temperature +15-22°C and high oxygen content for approximately 3-5 hours.

The raw materials are laid out in layers of 10 cm on aluminum sheets. When the color of the leaves acquires a dark shade and a tea aroma appears, the process is stopped at high temperatures.

At the drying stage, the fermentation processes are stopped, the acquired color, aromatic and taste qualities of the tea are consolidated, and all remaining liquid is removed. Long tea factories use equipment that operates at a temperature of about 100°C for 15-20 minutes, and drying is carried out to a humidity level of 2-5%. It is important to quickly cool the mixture after heating, so as not to overcook the tea.

The resulting dry tea mass must be sorted according to the size and quality of the components. In industrial factories this is done using various sieves and the output is:

• whole leaf tea;
• broken tea;
• bran;
• chit.

At a large tea factory, the technological process stops here, and wholesale quantities of tea are sent to packaging plants. There, tea can be flavored, blended and further sorted. Then the product is packaged in containers of various shapes and weights and sold to the retail chain.

Making green tea

The main difference in the production methods of black and green tea is the degree of oxidation of the leaves. To obtain black tea, complete fermentation is carried out; the production of green tea does not include an oxidation stage, or fermentation is carried out partially. As a result, green tea retains more nutrients in its original form.

Tea production technology:

1. Steaming.
2. Drying.
3. Excerpt.
4. Twisting.
5. Drying.
6. Sorting.
7. Package.

Steaming is carried out in ovens at 95-100°C for 2.5-3 minutes. Then the raw materials are placed in dryers, where about 40% of the moisture evaporates within 15 minutes at 90-95°C. The leaves prepared in this way are rolled on rollers once or twice for 70-80 minutes.

Then the tea leaves are dried in the same way as black tea is dried, obtaining a green colored semi-finished product with a moisture content of 3-5%. After this, sorting, blending, flavoring and packaging are carried out.

Other types

Yellow and red teas are a cross between black and green. They are obtained either by blending or in separate production cycles.

Fermentation of raw materials for the production of white tea is stopped by steaming for about a minute. When making oolong, 15-minute high-temperature drying is carried out several times in between rolling stages. To obtain pu-erh, raw materials are stored for a long time at high humidity, and natural aging of the tea occurs.

Equipment for the production of

In addition to plantations for growing tea bushes, the following equipment is needed to produce tea on an industrial scale:

• dryers;
• faucets;
• crushers;
• press;
• curling machines;
• sieves with different mesh sizes;
• containers for blending;
• hanging equipment;
• packaging equipment.

There are ready-made production and packaging lines for long and bagged tea on sale.

In Russia, due to the prevalence of a cold climate, tea cultivation is possible only in the south of the Krasnodar Territory. There this industry receives government support. However, to determine whether it is profitable or not to do business in tea, you need to draw up a business plan and calculate all the risks.

Although it is possible to grow a tea bush at home, it is economically justifiable to engage in the full cycle of tea production if there are large tea plantations. At the same time, multimillion-dollar investments will begin to pay off no earlier than in 2 years. Therefore, it makes sense for a novice entrepreneur to engage in contract manufacturing or open a tea store.

Contract tea production involves the production of products ordered by third parties. To do this, you need to install the necessary equipment, obtain permits, and purchase semi-finished tea products from manufacturers. Customers can be trading companies that place orders for tea packaging under their own brand.

Opening a tea shop is the least expensive project, both financially and organizationally. But in the retail sector, the biggest competition comes from supermarkets, markets and cafes.

Mini-factory

How to open a tea business from scratch? First of all you need to:

1. Register the company as a limited liability company so that additional capital can be raised.
2. Register with the tax authorities.
3. Obtain permission to conduct activities.
4. Prepare a declaration of conformity for the product.

The production line takes up a lot of space, so an area of ​​about 100 square meters will be required to accommodate equipment, warehouses and the administrative department. m. Communications, heating, electricity, water supply must be in good condition and comply with SES and fire safety standards.

The selection of packaging equipment is quite large; you can purchase a new line or a used one. Technical characteristics allow the production of about 60 thousand packages of tea per month, 1000 bags are packaged per minute.

Semi-finished tea products are purchased mainly from foreign suppliers, since little domestic raw material is produced. It is most profitable to purchase wholesale quantities at a reduced price, however, it is difficult for beginners to immediately find a reliable manufacturer of high-quality tea on the world market, and at first they will have to work with dealers. Tea is packaged in paper and cellophane bags, boxes, and then in boxes.

Tea production employs 3-4 operators, a shift supervisor, and a technologist. To service the mechanisms you need a mechanic and a handyman. Warehouse records are maintained by a storekeeper and an accountant; a manager is responsible for the purchase of raw materials and sales of products. In total, 9-10 people will be required to operate the mini-factory.

Cost calculation for starting a project:

Monthly income planning:

Fixed costs for rent, utilities, salaries, purchase of raw materials and equipment repairs account for approximately 80% of gross turnover. The estimated payback period for the investment is a little over a year. With such indicators, the factory can become a profitable enterprise.

Video: production of bagged tea.

Tea shop

The first thing you need to start selling tea is to find premises in a good location, at the intersection of traffic flows, near large shopping and entertainment centers. This location will ensure store traffic and stable turnover.

To legally conduct business, a shop owner will only need to register as an individual entrepreneur and register with the Federal Tax Service.

Equipment you will need are display cases, shelves, scales, and a cash register. To sell loose tea you need bags, jars, twine, tape, scissors, and spoons.

A distinctive feature of tea shops is the high quality of products and a large assortment, designed to attract regular customers.

Judging by the reviews of entrepreneurs, the tea business has a lot of advantages:

• It doesn't take a lot of money to open.
• No special conditions are required for storing tea; it is not a perishable product.
• Tea is bought regardless of the time of year.
• You can expand the range by including coffee, souvenirs, sweets, and dishes.

To open a small retail outlet you need to spend about half a million rubles, which will pay off within a year.