What rivers flow through the territory of the Perm region. Small rivers of Perm. Surface water resources

On the territory of the Perm Territory there are 29 thousand rivers with a total length of over 90 thousand km. The two largest and most famous Permian rivers are the Kama and Chusovaya. In those days when there were no railway and air communications, they were the main transport routes in the Kama region. Now the rivers of the Perm Territory attract tourists and fishing enthusiasts from all over the country. Multi-day rafting on kayaks and catamarans, active recreation for the whole family, fishing in oxbow lakes and reaches - everyone finds something to suit their taste.

The Kama River, 1805 km long, flows through a wide valley among the highlands of the High Trans-Volga region. The Kama has its origins in Udmurtia near the village of Kuliga. In the Perm Territory it extends for 910 km, flowing from the mouth of the river. Save. Near the village of Gayny, the river becomes wide and full of water. Freezing up from November to April, freezing is accompanied by large formation of inland ice. The river is fed by snow, rain and groundwater.

Kama has long been famous for its excellent fishing. Over 40 species of fish live in countless oxbow lakes. In the upper reaches you can find grayling and taimen; in some areas the ichthyofauna is diluted with a large number of sterlet. In the middle reaches there are burbot, pike, chub, pike perch, ruffe, perch, sabrefish, ide, and white-eye.

Due to its enormous size, the Kama provides a lot of opportunities for recreation. Numerous recreation centers, dispensaries and fisheries have been built on the banks of the river. In the upper reaches, from May to October, active recreation enthusiasts go kayaking and catamarans. They usually start from an abandoned bridge on the Stepanenki-Ilmovo road, the finish is at the left tributary of Lopya near the village of Lavrushenki. Sailing competitions are also held annually on the river.

Chusovaya

The Chusovaya River is the largest left tributary of the Kama. The river is unique in that it flows in two parts of the world at once. It originates in the Chelyabinsk region, crosses the Ural ridge and travels along its western slopes, located in the European part of Russia. Length 592 km.

Chusovaya is famous for its beauty and uniqueness. It is decorated with numerous limestone and dolomite stones, forming picturesque landscapes. Many rocks are classified as natural monuments and are protected by the state. The picturesque banks make the river a popular destination among nature lovers and professional tourists.

Rafting along Chusovaya is classified as unique. This is not only an active holiday for the whole family, but also an exciting journey through pagan places. Along the way, you can stumble upon large caves located in limestone rocks. It is recommended to raft the river from May to November; groups depart from Yekaterinburg, Perm and nearby villages.

In the upper reaches of Chusovaya you can find perch, ruff, minnow, gudgeon, bleak, roach, bream, dace, chub, pike, European grayling and burbot. In the middle reaches there are podust, asp, burbot and grayling. Starting from Staroutkinsk, fishing becomes noticeably more interesting. Powerful riffles give way to long reaches, and fish are found here in abundance. To the listed species are added taimen, pike perch and sabrefish.

Sylva

On the slopes of the Middle Urals, the largest and deepest tributary of the Chusovaya, the Sylva River, originates. It flows west and flows into the bay of the Kama Reservoir. It receives more than 300 tributaries, 47 of which are more than 10 km long.

The river is high-water, the channel is winding with shoals and riffles, which makes it interesting for sport fishing. It freezes in October-November, ice jams often appear, and the ice melts in the second half of April.

The picturesque river is very popular among professional tourists. In the lower Sylva basin there are karst caves. Fans of water travel can see coastal stones arranged in a continuous wall, the Ermak and Chernaya Prisada rocks, small villages and spacious meadows. In the area of ​​the village of Molebka there is a so-called “anomalous zone”; a festival of ufologists takes place here every year. Rafting on the Sylva is possible from May to September.

The ichthyofauna of the river and its tributaries includes grayling, sterlet, chub, ide, dace, bream, pike, pike perch, burbot, asp, podust, gudgeon, and perch. In the reaches formed at the confluence with the Lipok River, dace bite well. The proximity of the railway and large settlements makes Sylva accessible to industrial fishing and recreational fishermen.

Vishera

The left tributary of the Kama, 415 km long, the Vishera River, originates on the border of the Komi Republic and the Perm Territory in the Vishera Nature Reserve. It flows through the foothills of the Urals, has two sources - Big and Small Vishera, they are separated by a ridge called the Vishera Stone and merge at Mount Munintump (Army). Along the entire course of the river there are rifts, the banks are decorated with picturesque stones and rocks.

River rafting on catamarans gives you the opportunity to get closer to the nature and history of the Northern Urals. The banks of Vishera keep memories of past centuries. During the trip, you can see amazing rock paintings that are more than three thousand years old.

Tourists raft throughout the summer from the villages of Vels or Vaya and end the route in the city of Krasnovishersk. The river flow is quite calm, there are no rapids or rapids. The absence of serious obstacles makes the place popular among beginners and family vacation lovers.

In the upper reaches of the Vishera and its tributaries there are several species of fish: taimen, grayling, burbot and minnow. The sculpin goby, listed in the Red Book, also lives here. Downstream you can catch pike perch, pike, podust, perch, sabrefish, ide, gudgeon, sterlet, roach, bream, etc.

Kosva

The Kosva River is a mountain river 283 km long, originating in the west of the Sverdlovsk region, formed at the confluence of two sources: Bolshaya Kosva and Malaya Kosva. Forming a bay, it flows into the Kama Reservoir. The river carries its waters between rocky mountains and picturesque banks, offering beautiful views of Bolshaya Oslyanka and Ostry Tur.

The current is fast, there are riffles and large rapids are common. Among them, the famous Tulymsky rapids (Bear Heads) with a length of over 6 km stands out. The left bank is all cut up by bays, the right bank is rocky and steep.

Kosva is perfect for professional rafting. The route starts from the upper reaches and ends at the Shirokovskoye reservoir (Perm region). The optimal time for travel is the end of May–June, when the snow melts in the mountains. During the rafting you can get acquainted with Kholodny and Rook Logs. These natural areas have important geological significance and are a place of pilgrimage for speleologists from all over the country.

There are a lot of fish in the river, including grayling, taimen, perch, pike, ruff, pike perch, ide, roach, and bream. There are no enterprises or settlements in the upper reaches of the Kosva, so the water is quite clean up to the Shirokovsky reservoir.

The flora and fauna of the Kosva River is usually regarded as rich.

Lysva

The Lysva River, 112 km long, flows from east to northeast and is a left tributary of the Chusovaya. Its source is located in the west of the Vereshchaginsky district near the border of the Kirov region, its mouth is below the city of Chusovoy. The river has several tributaries, the largest among them are Bursyak and Berezovka.

The valley is narrow and densely populated; along the left bank of the Lysva there is a railway. In the city of the same name there is a metallurgical plant, for the operation of which a dam was built. Today the reservoir is used as a source of drinking water and a place of recreation for citizens.

The species composition of fish is quite diverse. Pike, bream, grayling, perch, burbot, roach, ruff, tench and other fish are found here. You can fish all year round.

Silver

The Serebryannaya River is a right tributary of the Chusovaya, originating on the slope of Mount Podpora near the border of the Perm Territory and the Sverdlovsk Region. The relief of the drainage basin is mountainous, the riverbed is winding. Silver crosses the border between Europe and Asia several times. The length of the river is 147 km, maximum width is 15 m.

Those who like to raft down mountain rivers will find many obstacles: rifts, pressures, rubble, overhanging and fallen trees. The current is very fast, from all sides a dense taiga forest advances over Serebryanaya, which gradually gives way to a flat landscape and rare low rocks.

It is better to raft in May on large spring waters. The route starts in the village. Serebryanka ends in the village of Kyn (from there you get to the railway station, from which you can go by train to Yekaterinburg or Perm), or in Verkhnyaya Oslyanka (pre-order a drop-off or bring your car in advance). In spring, this path is easily covered in 2–3 days.

In the summer, there is good fishing on the river: bream, ruff, perch, pike, dace, chebak, roach and others. The famous fish of the Ural rivers, grayling, is also found here.

Colva

The Kolva River, 460 km long, is the largest tributary of the Vishera. It flows on the territory of the Cherdynsky district in the Perm region. There are no residential settlements in the upper reaches of the Kolva; only forest roads lead here. In the middle and lower reaches, skirting swamps and hills, the river forms many oxbow lakes.

You can raft along the entire course of the river; you can book tours that combine fishing and exploring the surrounding area. The route is replete with various historical sights. On the way, tourists will encounter abandoned settlements where you can find masterpieces of stone and wooden architecture: Iskor, Vilgort, Kamgort, etc.

On the right bank of the river there is a Divya cave with a length of more than 10 km. It is famous for its unique flora and fauna, the unusual shapes of stalactites and stalagmites. Rafting along the Kolva can be combined with rafting along the river. Berezovaya, so you can fully enjoy the beautiful views.

In the upper reaches of the river there are grayling, taimen and some species of fish that enter the tributaries to spawn. You can also catch pike, saberfish, podust, bream, perch, burbot, ruffe and sterlet there.

Yaiva

The Yayva River, a left tributary of the Kama, 304 km long, begins its journey from the western slope of the Maly Kvarkush ridge. It flows into the Kama Reservoir near the city of Berezniki. In the upper reaches of Yaiva there are many rifts, rapids and whirlpools. A fast mountain river flows through a shallow valley, the banks are decorated with dense spruce and fir taiga.

After the crossing at the Vizhayskaya base, the river flow slows down, it begins to wind strongly, this should be taken into account when planning the rafting. Water tourists from all over the country are attracted by the Yaivinsky tulums - a 15 km section with rapids Kosaya Golova, Berezovaya Golova, etc. It originates 20 km before the confluence of the Kad River. Fans of sport fishing prefer rafting from the village of Verz-Yayva, where the popular Ural ridges, covered with dense forests, are located.

For fishermen, Yaiva is interesting at the confluence of rivers and streams. Its basin is inhabited by taimen and grayling. Pike and large perch are found in the oxbow lakes. In the village of Yayva there is a large fish farm; downstream you can catch fish that have escaped from the cages: bream, asp, trout, carp, chub, etc.

Usva

The Usva River is the largest tributary of the Chusovaya. It has a pronounced mountain character. The river, 266 km long, flows among mountains and coastal rocks, with about 200 riffles along its length. In the upper and middle reaches there are natural monuments: the Usvinsky Pillars rock, the Omutny and Big Log rocks. Not far from the village of the same name is the Stone City.

The most suitable time for rafting is spring. At this time of year, the river is at its deepest and the rapids do not dry out. The route starts at Perekat not far from the Shumikha Rocks and ends in the village of Usva (from there you can take a bus to Perm).

In the upper reaches you can catch grayling, gudgeon, minnow and dace. In the middle reaches, perch, roach, pike, sabrefish, bleak, ide, white-eye, podust, ruffe and silver bream are added to the ichthyofauna.

Perm rivers, alphabetical list

Below is a list of rivers in the Perm Territory in alphabetical order. We included large and medium-sized rivers according to the generally accepted classification. All the rivers of the Kama region simply would not fit on one page, since there are more than 29 thousand of them.

• Veslyana
• Vishera
• Inva
• Koiva
• Colva
• Kosva
• Lupya
• Lysva
• Pilva
• Midday Kondas
• Serebryanka
• Sylva
• Timshor
• Tulva
• Lesson
• Black
• Chusovaya
• South Keltma
• Ulcer

Rivers ending in va

To help fans of crossword puzzles, we publish all the rivers of the Perm region ending in va. There are many such rivers in this region, because “wa” in the language of the local people means “water, river”.

The rivers of the Perm Region are a whole world that opens up to brave tourists! The ichthyofauna is represented by many species of fish, and active recreation enthusiasts can explore historical and natural attractions while rafting.

- a river in the European part of Russia, the left and largest tributary of the Volga River.
It originates in the central part of the Verkhnekamsk Upland from four springs near the former village of Karpushata, now part of the village of Kuliga, Kezsky district of the Udmurt Republic. It flows mainly between the heights of the High Trans-Volga region along a wide, sometimes narrowing valley. In the upper reaches (from the source to the mouth of the Pilva River) the channel is unstable and winding, on the floodplain of an oxbow lake. After the confluence of the Vishera River it becomes a high-water river; the banks change: the right one remains low and is predominantly meadow in nature, the left one almost everywhere becomes elevated and in places steep. There are many islands in this area, and there are shoals and rifts. Below the confluence of the Belaya River at the Kama, the right bank becomes high and the left bank low. In the lower reaches of the Kama flows in a wide (up to 15 km) valley, the width of the channel is 450-1200 m; breaks into sleeves. Below the mouth of the Vyatka, the river flows into the Kama Bay of the Kuibyshev Reservoir.
The main tributaries on the left are the South Keltma, Vishera with Kolva, Chusovaya with Sylva, Belaya with Ufa, Ik, Zai, Sheshma, Menzelya; on the right - Kosa, Obva, Vyatka, Toima, Mesha. All the right tributaries of the Kama (Kosa, Urolka, Kondas, Inva, Lysva, Obva) and some of the left ones (Veslyana, Lunya, Leman, South Keltma) are lowland rivers flowing from the north. Mountain, cold and fast-moving rivers originate in the Ural Mountains and flow into the Kama from the left (Vishera, Yaiva, Kosva, Chusovaya).
The river is inhabited by: sterlet, sturgeon, carp, crucian carp, asp, silver bream, ide, chub, bleak, ruff, burbot, catfish, etc.

- a river in the Middle Urals, a left tributary of the Kama.

It flows through the territory of the Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk regions and the Perm region of Russia. The river is interesting because it originates on the eastern slopes of the Ural ridge, in Asia, crosses it and mainly flows along its western slopes, in the European part of Russia, twice crossing from the Sverdlovsk region to the Perm region.
The length of Chusovaya is 592 km. Of these, Chusovaya flows through the Chelyabinsk region - 20 km, through the Sverdlovsk region - 377 km, through the Perm Territory - 195 km. The river's drainage basin area is 23,000 km².
The river originates on the eastern slopes of the Ural ridge in Asia, crosses it and mainly flows along its western slopes in the European part of Russia, crossing twice from the Sverdlovsk region to the Perm region. The decoration of Chusovaya is the numerous rocks (stones) standing in places where the river crosses mountain ranges. The picturesque banks of Chusovaya and the presence of numerous attractions have made it a popular tourist attraction in the Urals. Chusovaya takes its source in a swampy area in the north of the Chelyabinsk region, according to some sources, from Bolshoy Chusovskoye Lake, according to others, from Lake Surny, near the Ufaley station and flows to the north. After 45 km, the river merges with Western Chusovaya (it originates on the Ufaleysky Ridge, after which it flows for about 150 km along the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains). Here, the width of the river bed ranges from 10 to 13 m. In the upper reaches of the Chusovaya it receives many tributaries, and the right ones are generally larger and full-flowing. The river valley in the upper reaches is wide, the slopes are gentle. Between the Revda tributary and the village of Sloboda on the banks of the Chusovaya there are outcrops of crystalline schists formed as a result of the interaction of igneous and sedimentary rocks.
The width of the river in the middle reaches is 120-140 m. In the lower reaches, after the city of Chusovoy, after leaving the Ural Mountains, the river has a typically flat character. The speed of the river slows down, the channel widens in places up to 300 m: Chusovaya flows leisurely, surrounded by water meadows, swamps, deciduous and mixed forests, at times describing wide bends. The river flows into the Chusovskaya Bay of the Kama Reservoir, formed during the construction of the Kama Hydroelectric Power Station, 693 km from the mouth of the Kama, slightly above the city of Perm. The river's food supply is mixed, with a predominance of snow (55%). Rainwater accounts for 29%, underground 18%. The river bottom along its entire length is mostly rocky and pebbly. Chusovaya usually freezes in late October-early December, and opens in April-early May. The lower reaches of the river are characterized by ice jams and jams with the water level rising to 2.8 m.

- a river in the Sverdlovsk region and Perm region of Russia.
Length 493 km, basin area 19,700 km². It originates on the western slope of the Middle Urals and flows mainly to the west. It flows into the Chusovsky Bay of the Kama Reservoir.
The river is full of water, the water is clean, the current is moderate, and in the lower reaches it is calm. The riverbed is very winding, with many riffles and shoals. Karst is widely developed in the lower Sylva basin (for example, Kungurskaya, Zakuryinskaya, Serginskaya caves, etc.). In the area of ​​the village of Serga, the Sylvensky Bay of the Kama Reservoir begins.
The diet is mixed, with a predominance of snow. The average water flow 45 km from the mouth is 139 m³/s. It freezes in late October - early November, is characterized by frostbites, and opens in the second half of April.
The main left tributaries: Vogulka, Irgina, Iren, Babka and Kishertka; right - Barda, Shakva, Lek and Molebka.
Navigable 74 km from the mouth.
On the left bank of the Sylva there is the so-called “Molyob anomalous zone”.

- a river in the Perm region of Russia, a left tributary of the Kama River (flows into the Vishera Bay of the Kama Reservoir).
Length - 415 km, basin area - 31,200 km². The average height of the river's catchment is 317 meters. The average slope of the river is 0.2 m/km.
The fifth longest river in the Perm region, one of the most picturesque rivers in the Urals. It begins in the northeast of the region, on the border with the Komi Republic and the Sverdlovsk region. It flows mainly through the foothills of the Urals, mostly having the character of a fast mountain river flowing in a narrow valley; many shoals and rapids. Karst phenomena are common in the basin.
The right source of the Vishera - Malaya Vishera - originates on the Yana-Yemty ridge, the left - Bolshaya Vishera - from the spurs of Porimongit-Ur, one of the peaks of the Belt Stone ridge, on the very border of the Komi Republic, the Sverdlovsk region and the Perm region. The sources are separated by the Vishera Stone and merge at the northern foot of Mount Armii.
The Vishera, from its source to the mouth of the Uls River, is a stormy mountain river with a large number of riffles. Its width here is up to 70 meters.
The Middle Vishera - from the mouth of the Ulsa to the mouth of the Kolva - is a river up to 150 meters wide with many riffles and reaches. The river valley here widens significantly, but many coastal cliffs remain.
The Lower Vishera (from the confluence of the Kolva to the confluence of the Vishera and the Kama) is a flat river, flooding in places up to 900 meters.
Along the entire course there are rocks and stones in the channel and along the banks, and there are many riffles. Vishera is characterized by high floods, rain floods and low summer low water. The main left tributaries of the Vishera are Niols, Moyva, Vels, Uls, Yazva, Akchim; the main right ones are Lopya, Lypya, Vaya, Kolva.
The diet is mixed, with a predominance of snow. It freezes at the end of October - beginning of November, opens at the end of April. Splavnaya. Regular passenger service to the city of Krasnovishersk. There are diamond deposits in the Vishera basin.
In the upper reaches there is the Vishera Nature Reserve.

- a river in the Perm region of Russia, flows through the territory of the Cherdynsky district, the fourth in length and the largest right tributary of the Vishera (Kama basin).
It begins in the northeast of the region near the border of the Komi Republic, on the southeastern slope of Mount Kolvinsky Kamen (575 m above sea level), flows mainly along the western slope of the Northern Urals and flows into the Vishera above Ryabinino, 34 km from the mouth. The length of the river is 460 km.
Main tributaries: left: Berezovaya, right: Visherka.
The river is inhabited by grayling.

- mountain taiga river in the Perm region, the left tributary of the Kama.
It starts from the confluence of Northern Yaiva and Poludennaya Yaiva near the border of the Sverdlovsk region, west of the Typyl River valley. It flows into the Kama Reservoir south of the city of Berezniki, forming a bay.
Length - 304 km.
In the upper reaches of the Yayva there is a shallow mountain river with rifts and rapids. Along the banks there is spruce-fir taiga, pine forests, and swamps.
Main tributaries: left: Gub, Abia, Kad, Chikman, Chanva, Vilva, Usolka, right: Ulvich, Ik.
The river is inhabited by grayling, taimen, chub, asp...

- a river in the Perm region, the left tributary of the Kama.
It begins in the west of the Sverdlovsk region from the confluence of two sources: Bolshaya Kosva, flowing from Pavdinsky Kamen, and Malaya Kosva, flowing from the southern slope of Kosvinsky Kamen. It flows into the Kama Reservoir, forming a bay. The length of the river is 283 km. Main tributaries: left: Kyrya, Bolshaya Oslyanka, Vilva. right: Tylay, Typyl, Nyar.
Kosva is a mountain river with a fast flow, numerous riffles and rapids, among which the Tulymsky rapid, more than 6 km long, stands out.
The banks are covered with forest. The right one is steep and rocky, the left one is cut by bays.
The river is inhabited by grayling, taimen, and ruff.

- a river in the Perm region, the right tributary of the Kama. Length - 267 km. The mouth of the river is located near the village of Ust-Kosa. The river is inhabited by

The largest river is Kama. In terms of length, the Kama occupies

6th place among the rivers of Europe, after the Volga, Danube, Ural, Don and Pechora.

The name of the river comes from the Udmurt word “kam”, which means “big, long river”.

At first, the Kama flows in the form of a stream, but gradually gains strength and becomes a high-water river.

The Kama majestically rolls its waters through forests, meadows and fields. Its length was 2032 km, and with the creation of reservoirs it decreased. Now its length is 1805 km. About half of its route, approximately 950 km, it flows within our region.

The Kama receives many tributaries both on the right and on the left. The right tributaries are flat, quiet, calm. These are Inva, Obva, Siva, etc. The left tributaries in the upper reaches are mountainous in nature, they are fast, impetuous, and noisy. These include Vishera with Yazva and Kolva, Kosva, Chusovaya. It is easy to notice that the names of rivers in the Perm region often end in “va”. It means "water, river".

Rivers of the Perm region with a particle "va" - water

Velva - river starting on a hill

Vilva - fresh water

Ivan - divine river (women's tears)

Koiva - cold, icy (splashing) river

Kolva - hunting river

Kosva - shallow river (water)

Lysva - river through an area covered with coniferous forest

Capelin - beaver river

Obva - meadow snowy river

Oshva - bear water

Pozhva - muddy water

Syuzva - river flowing where eagle owls live

Urva - squirrel river

Usva - noise falling water

Chusovaya - fast water

The Kama itself is the largest left tributary of the Volga.

The Kama and its tributaries are full of water. They feed on rain, groundwater and melt water that comes in the spring during the melting of snow and ice. In winter, the Kama, like all its tributaries, freezes. In the south, ice on the river lasts approximately 140 days, that is, more than four and a half months, and in the north - 180 days.

The waters of the Kama serve as a source of energy. Construction was completed in 1954 Kamskaya hydroelectric power station. It is one of the largest power plants in our country. Its dam consists of two parts. On the right bank there is a reinforced concrete spillway part of the dam, combined with the hydroelectric power station building.

The length of the dam is 386 m, width 50 m, height 35 m. The water raised by the dam presses with its weight on the blades of machines called turbines. Under enormous water pressure, turbines rotate and transmit their motion to other machines - generators, which produce electric current.

Above the dam there was a large spill Kama Reservoir.

In the southwest of our region, in 1961, on the Kama, the construction of the second hydroelectric power station, Votkinskaya, was completed. Its power is twice that of the Kama Hydroelectric Power Station. The water level in the Kama above the new dam rose by 23 meters. The Votkinsk reservoir was formed there. Its area is 1120 km2.

Our hydroelectric power stations are part of the Volga-Kama cascade of hydroelectric power stations (a cascade refers to hydroelectric power stations located along the river at some distance from each other, connected to each other). They are part of the RusHydro association.

Thanks to the creation of reservoirs on the Kama, conditions for the passage of ships have improved, and many tributaries of the Kama have become navigable.

Rivers

Classification by length

Only two rivers in the Perm region are classified as large rivers (that is, they are more than 500 km long). This is actually Kama(1805 km) and its left tributary Chusovaya(592 km).

There are 40 rivers in the Perm region ranging from 100 to 500 km in length. The largest of them:

• Sylva- 493 km.
• Vishera - 415 km.
• Colva- 460 km.
• Yaiva - 403 km.
• Kosva- 283 km.
• Spit - 267 km.
• Veslyana- 266 km.
• Inva- 257 km.
• Obva - 2 47 km.

Small rivers (less than 100 km long) make up the vast majority of rivers in the region. Some of them are of historical significance, for example: the Yegoshikha River , at the mouth of which the city of Perm was founded.

Classification by character

A significant part of the rivers of the Perm region are lowland. These are the right tributaries of the Kama - Kos, Urolka, Kondas, Inva, Obva and others; and part of the left - Veslyana, Lupya, South Keltma, Tulva, Saigatka. They have a winding channel and a slow current.

The left tributaries of the Kama, originating in the Ural Mountains, in their upper reaches are typical mountain rivers. They are characterized by fast currents with riffles, rapids and waterfalls. On the banks there are rock outcrops and picturesque cliffs (for example, Ermak-Kamen). In the middle and lower reaches, on the plain, these rivers lose their mountainous character.

Nutrition

More than 60% of the rivers in the Perm region are fed by melt water. Therefore, they are characterized by prolonged ice cover, high spring floods, and low summer and winter low water. In the north of the region, thanks to extensive forests and thick snow cover, the flood lasts longer than in the south.

Toponymy

The names of many rivers in the Perm region are of Finno-Ugric (Komi-Permyak) origin. For example, the root is often found in names va- water: Sylva, Colva, Java , Kosva, Inva, Obva , Chusovaya(from Komi-Permyak chus - fast, va - water).

There are also rivers whose names come from Turkic languages. For example, rivers Verkhnyaya Mulyanka and Nizhnyaya Mulyanka, whose names come from the Persian word “mullah”. Researchers associate this with the Tatar prince Mametkul, who settled in this area before or during the reign of Ivan the Terrible and was an imam or mullah. The name of the Kultaevka River is associated with the nearby village of Kultaevo, founded by the Tatar Murza Kultai Shigirev at the beginning of the 17th century.

Small rivers of Perm

In addition to the large rivers flowing through the territory of Perm - Kama And Chusovoy, in the city there are a large number of small rivers entering the Kama basin. The largest of them are Vasilyevka, Bolshaya Motovilikha, Egoshikha, Mulyanka in the left bank part, Gayva, Lasva - in the right bank.

The toponymy of small rivers in Perm is very diverse. Among them there are rivers with names of Komi-Permyak (for example: Egoshikha, Gayva), Russian (Kamenka, Ivanovka, Danilikha and others) and Tatar (Mulyanka, Kultaevka) origin.

Flowing through the city, these rivers experience strong anthropogenic impact, which affects their ecological state. The quality of their water deteriorates as it moves from the upper reaches to the lower reaches. In terms of chemical composition, it varies from class 1 to class 3. The poorest water quality is in the lower reaches of the Yegoshikha and Danilikha rivers. The water there is undrinkable.

The water quality of rivers crossing the territory of Perm is deteriorating from the upper reaches to the lower reaches. This is due to the fact that wastewater discharge sites are located in the middle reaches and upper reaches of the river’s tributaries. Kama (Mulyanka river - CHPP-9; Egoshikha river - Permvodokanal; Velta OJSC; etc.) or directly in the river. Kame.

List of small rivers of Perm

Swamps of the Perm region

In the Perm region there are about 1000 swamps, which, together with wetland forests, occupy more than 25,000 km?. Widely distributed in the region lowland , so raised bogs .

The swamps in the north of the region are traces of former continental glaciation. Swamps and peat bogs in river valleys are located in places where they expand, for example: the mouths of the Kolva and Vishera, the Kama valley in the Chermoz - Sludka, Perm - Nytva sections. Some swamps are formed as a result of natural processes in low-flow water bodies. The development of swamps also occurs in some karst funnels, basins and depressions in which atmospheric waters stagnate - on the watersheds of the Kama and Chusovaya, Sylva and Ireni, Kolva and Vishera. The formation of swamps can also occur as a result of human economic activity: intensive deforestation, creation of reservoirs, construction of dams, construction of roads.

In the Perm region there are more than 800 bogs with peat deposits that can be of industrial importance. But in many of them, peat extraction is not recommended due to their environmental role and other valuable qualities: vitamin-rich berries grow in the swamps: cranberries, cloudberries, princelings, and there are also hayfields.

The largest swamps are located in the north of the region:

• Bolshoye Kamskoye - 810 km?,
• Djuric-Nur - 350 km?,
• Byzimskoe - 194 km?.

Perm region- a subject of the Federation in the European part of Russia, minor parts of the region’s territory are located in the Asian part of Russia. The region is located in the northeastern part of the East European Plain and on the western slopes of the Middle and Northern Urals. In the western and central regions, hilly flat terrain predominates, in the east - large hilly and low-mountain terrain. In the west of the flat part there is the Verkhnekamsk Upland and the Okhanskaya Upland, which continues it in the center of the region, in the northwest there are the weakly dissected Northern Uvals, in the south there is the Tulvin Upland, in the southeast there is the Sylvinsky Ridge on the outskirts of the Ufa Plateau. Karst is developed in the region, mainly in the southeast.

Perm Krai is part of the Volga Federal District. The administrative center is Perm.

The territory of the region is 160,236 km2, the population (as of January 1, 2017) is 2,632,097 people. Perm Territory is the largest region of the Volga Federal District.

Surface water resources

Almost all water bodies of the Perm Territory belong to the Caspian Sea basin - the Kama basin. Only minor territories of the region are located within the sea basin of the Arctic Ocean - the Northern Dvina basin in the north-west and the Pechora basin in the north of the region.

The river network of the Perm Territory is represented by 29,179 rivers with a total length of 90,014 km (the density of the river network is 0.56 km/km 2), most of which are small rivers and streams. The rivers of the region, originating from the slopes of the Urals, flow in their upper reaches between mountain ranges in wide valleys and have a slow flow; cutting through the ridges and ridges of the foothills they acquire the features of mountain rivers, and when reaching the plains - plain ones. The rivers of the south and southwest, as well as rivers flowing from the Upper Kama Upland and the Northern Uvals, are flat, characterized by wide valleys, winding channels and a slow flow. The rivers of the Perm region are characterized by mixed nutrition with a predominance of snow (50–60%). The rivers belong to the Eastern European type of water regime, which is characterized by spring floods with a sharp increase in water level, summer-autumn low water, interrupted by rain floods, and winter low water. The rivers freeze in the second half of November and open in late April – early May. The largest rivers in the region are the Kama with its tributaries of the first and second order: Vishera, Chusovaya, Kosaya (tributaries of the Kama), Kolva (tributary of the Vishera), Sylva (tributary of the Chusovaya) and others. The Pechora basin includes the upper reaches of the left tributaries of the river. Unya, Northern Dvina - parts of the basins of the Voch and Asynvozh rivers, the left tributaries of the Northern Ketelma. Among the regions of the federal district, the Perm Territory ranks first in terms of the length and density of the river network.

The functions of providing public services and managing federal property in the field of water resources in the territory of the region are carried out by the Water Resources Department of the Kama Bank of Water Resources for the Perm Territory.

The powers in the field of water relations transferred to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the functions of providing public services and managing regional property in the field of water resources in the region are carried out by the Ministry of Natural Resources, Forestry and Ecology of the Perm Territory.

The State Program “Reproduction and Use of Natural Resources” is being implemented on the territory of the region, the structure of which includes the subprogram “Development of the water management complex of the Perm Region”. The objectives of the program in the development of the water management complex are to prevent potential damage from the negative impact of surface water and accidents at hydraulic structures.

When preparing the material, data from the State reports “On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation in 2015”, “On the state and use of water resources of the Russian Federation in 2015”, “On the state and use of land in the Russian Federation in 2015”, were used. “On the state and protection of the environment of the Perm region in 2015”, collection “Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators. 2016" The ratings of regions for surface and underground water resources do not take into account the indicators of cities of federal significance - Moscow,