Clichés for writing essays on Unified State Examination social studies. Plan (structure) of an essay in social studies. Formulation of the main idea of ​​the statement

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The maximum score is 6.

Work plan:

1. Select one of the five quotes provided (blocks: sociology, economics, politics, philosophy, jurisprudence).
2. Make an introduction by putting forward the idea of ​​the statement and explaining it more specifically.
3. Write terms that fit the idea of ​​the quote, expand on them and link them together. Also write about your reasoning.
4. Support the idea with two arguments from different sources.
5. Draw a small conclusion.

Template (cliché):

1. Introduction

We form an idea for a quote (not a problem!) using the following cliche:

• “In his statement (full name) puts forward an idea...”
• And we explain it in more detail:
• “(Name) means that...”
• Write your opinion (optional):
• "I believe that…"
• “I agree (agree) with the opinion of the full name regarding...”

NO NEED TO WRITE ABOUT RELEVANCE! – most of the quotes given for the essay are unproblematic.

2. Theoretical part

Having written out the necessary concepts and terms (at least 3) on the draft, we reveal their concepts and organically fit them into the paragraph, connecting them with the idea of ​​the quote. It is also necessary, as the theoretical part is revealed, to write your reasonings,
linking from with terms. Cliche for the theoretical part:

• “To confirm this idea, let’s turn to theory.(First term and concept and so on) ».

3. Arguments

We write two arguments that reveal the given idea, taking them from different sources (media and literature, a movie and a social studies course at school, etc.). Cliche for arguments:

• “To confirm this idea, I will cite an article that I read in the newspaper"Bulletin". It talks about..."– the first argument.
• “From a geography/social studies/history course, I learned about this...”– second argument .

In arguments, we not only describe the situation, but also discuss its connection with the idea.

4. Conclusion

Let's briefly summarize everything written above:

• “Thus, both examples once again prove the idea put forward by the author that...”

We write briefly and clearly. We do not introduce new ideas and thoughts.

Every graduate who is interested in preparing for the Unified State Exam in social studies will be faced with the task of writing an essay. From several proposed quotes, the student must choose one thesis and write an essay. There will be some changes to this final challenge in 2018. Now you can get a maximum of 6 primary points for a correctly completed essay (before 2018, the maximum you could get was 5 primary points). The word “problem” (which is raised by the author) has been replaced by the word “idea”. But this is completely unprincipled. The main thing is that the value of the essay has increased, which means you need to double your efforts to get the maximum score.

So, the value of the mini-essay has increased, so you need to take the most significant task of the exam seriously. First, you should study the criteria for assessing essays in social studies in 2018.

1. The main criterion: revealing the meaning of the statement. It is necessary to correctly identify the idea put forward by the author and (or) put forward a thesis on the topic, which will be substantiated with the help of arguments. If there are 0 points for this item, the entire work is not counted.
2. Lack of theoretical justification for your point of view. It is necessary to explain the meaning of the concepts given in the quotation, using theory (definitions and statements from textbooks), reasoning (cause-and-effect justification for what you think about this) and conclusions (your opinion, supported by arguments). If there is no theoretical content, the result is 0.
3. New criterion! Factual error: if (from the point of view of the science of social science) you presented an erroneous position, made an incorrect conclusion, illogical reasoning, mixed up a term, etc., then you face 0.
4. Thematic incompatibility of an example or fact with the topic, conclusion and reasoning. Only those arguments that correspond to the stated topic will be counted. Incorrectly displayed and incomplete statements will also not be counted. You can get as much as 2 points for this point if both examples are correct. Facts must be formulated in detail and accurately, because a mistake can cost you the loss of points. Examples can be given from personal experience, other subjects (fiction, history, geography), the media (from magazines, newspapers, television and radio programs).

Essay plan

In order to write an essay for the maximum score according to the above criteria, first of all, you need to strictly adhere to the format or structure of the essay. So, the essay plan for the Unified State Exam in social studies is as follows:

• Identification of the problem and its interpretation.
• Agree or disagree with the author’s position (explain why)
• Argumentation of one's own position.
• Conclusion

We will examine each of these points in detail in the next paragraph.

Structure and writing algorithm

Problem Identification

When identifying a problem, the graduate should, first of all, comprehend the thesis proposed by the author and highlight some problem (idea) in it. More often than not, quotes include a variety of issues and their interpretations. It is better for the student to stop at one and consider it in detail, following further the points of the essay structure. You can highlight several problems (ideas) contained in the thesis and reveal them, but, in my opinion, the time frame of the exam will not allow you to thoroughly reveal several ideas at once and give arguments to them. You can identify the problem using cliche phrases, for example:

• In his statement, the author wanted to draw attention to the problem associated with...;
• The main idea formulated by the author of the quote..., I see...;

It is important that the words “problem” and (or) “idea” are included in the essay, otherwise they may be given 0 points for their absence. In the process of explaining the problem raised by the author, it is necessary to use social scientific terms and give them definitions; include material that was included in the school curriculum of the course.

Your opinion

In the second paragraph you should write about agreement or disagreement with the author about the problem. Just saying “agree” or “disagree” is not enough. Here it is important to write the reason on which you rely. This reason may generalize the arguments that follow. The cliche phrases are obvious:

• “I completely agree/disagree with the author’s opinion...”
• “It’s hard to disagree with the author’s opinion...”

You can also include theory from a social studies course at this point. With its help, you will competently and reasonably explain why you adhere to your voiced opinion. Please note that it is easier to agree than to prove the opposite, so if you are not confident in yourself, do not run into ideological polemics with invisible examiners, but do your job impartially and detachedly. It is not at all necessary to express your real views on certain issues.

Arguments

The next point is the most complex and voluminous part of the essay. Making suitable arguments is often difficult. It is necessary to give at least 2 arguments that CLEARLY illustrate this problem. The main thing at this point is specificity. Examples containing “a lot of water” will be scored 0 points. Your arguments can be examples from fiction and scientific literature (history, chemistry, biology and other disciplines), biographies of great people, situations from films, TV series, life and personal experience. It is important to consider that these statements should be from different sources, for example, from personal experience and fiction. You cannot get the maximum score for examples taken from one area. Let's say that even if both arguments taken from books perfectly illustrate the problem, you will not be able to get the maximum score. Each argument should have a separate paragraph. Cliché phrases:

• “To confirm my point of view, I will give the following argument...”
• “An argument that can confirm my point of view is...”

Conclusion

The last point is the conclusion. The conclusion summarizes the thoughts given above. This part is no different from what you have to write in essays on the Russian language and literature. Cliché phrases:

• “Thus, we can conclude that...”,
• “To summarize, I would like to note that...”

It will be enough to write 2-3 sentences in the conclusion.

Essay example

We wrote especially for you . If you are interested in a specific topic on which you find it difficult to write an essay, write to us at

The Unified State Exam essay in social studies is considered one of the most difficult tasks when passing the exam. According to statistics, only every sixth graduate copes with it. For completing the task you can score from 3 to 5 points. To avoid losing them, it is extremely important to carefully prepare for the written part of the exam. Let's look further at some examples of typical mistakes when performing this task.

Verification criteria

An essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies is written based on one of the selected statements. The assignment contains six quotes. Completed social studies essays are graded step by step. The very first and most important criterion is K1. The disclosure of the meaning of the selected statement is assessed. If the graduate does not identify the problem posed by the author, the examiner gives zero points for criterion K1. In such cases, finished social studies essays are not evaluated further. For other criteria, the reviewer automatically gives zero points.

Social studies essay structure

The task is performed according to the following scheme:

1. Quote.
2. Determination of the problem raised by the author and its relevance.
3. The meaning of the selected statement.
4. Expressing your own point of view.
5. Using arguments at a theoretical level.
6. Provide at least two examples from social practice, literature/history that confirm the correctness of the judgments made.
7. Conclusion.

Quote selection

When determining the topic on which an essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies will be written, the graduate must be sure that he:

1. Knows the basic concepts of the subject.
2. Clearly understands the meaning of the quote used.
3. Can express his opinion (partially or completely agree with the chosen statement, refute it).
4. Knows social science terms that are necessary to competently substantiate one’s own position at the theoretical level. Here it is necessary to take into account that the selected concepts should not go beyond the topic of the social studies essay. It is necessary to use appropriate terms.
5. Can support his own opinion with practical examples from social life or literature/history.

Problem Definition

Here we should immediately give examples. An essay in social studies (USE) can reveal problems from the following areas:

• Philosophy.
• Families.
• Sociology.
• Political Science.
• Jurisprudence.
• Economics, etc.

Problems in the philosophical aspect:

• The relationship between consciousness and matter.
• Development and movement as ways of existence.
• The infinity of the cognitive process.
• The relationship between nature and society.
• Theoretical and empirical levels of scientific knowledge.
• The spiritual and material aspects of social life, their relationship.
• Culture as a transformative activity of people in general.
• The essence of civilization and so on.

Social Studies Essay: Sociology

When writing, you can reveal the following problems:

• Social struggle and inequality.
• The relationship between subjective and objective factors that influence processes in people’s lives.
• The meaning of material and spiritual values.
• Maintaining stability in public life.
• Features of the city.
• Youth as a community.
• The social nature of thinking, knowledge, and human activity.
• Interaction between society and religion.
• Features of socialization of younger generations.
• Historical inequality between men and women.
• organizations.
• and so on.

Psychology

As part of writing a social studies essay, a person can act as a key object of study. In this case, problems such as:

• Interpersonal communication, essence and tasks to be solved.
• Psychological climate in the team.
• Relationships between an individual and a separate group.
• Norms, roles, personality status.
• National identity.
• The importance of the communication process.
• The essence of social conflict.
• Inconsistency between the aspirations and capabilities of the individual.
• Sources of social progress.
• Family.

A social science essay may also address specific functions of the science in question.

Political science

This social studies essay topic may cover the following issues:

• Authoritarian regime.
• Subjects of politics.
• Places and roles of the state in the system.
• Modern political interactions.
• Totalitarian regime.
• Relationships between politics, law and the economic sphere.
• Origin of the state.
• Political regime (through the disclosure of its concepts and features).
• State sovereignty.
• Civil society (through the disclosure of structure, characteristics, concepts).
• Party systems.
• Socio-political movements, pressure groups.
• Essences of a democratic regime.
• Mutual responsibility of the individual and the state.
• Political pluralism.
• Separation of powers as a principle of the rule of law.
• and so on.

Economic system

Another common science that can address issues in a social studies essay is economics. In this case, questions such as:

• The contradiction between the unlimited needs of people and the limited resources.
• Production factors and their significance.
• Capital as an economic resource.
• The essence and functions of the monetary system.
• Efficient use of existing resources.
• The meaning of division of labor.
• The role of trade in the process of social development.
• Efficiency and production incentives.
• The essence of market relations.
• State regulation of the economy, etc.

Legal discipline

Within science, a number of key problems can be identified and any of them can be addressed in a social studies essay:

• Law as a regulator of people's lives.
• The essence and specific features of the state.
• Social significance of law.
• The political system and the definition of the role of the state in it.
• Similarities and differences between morality and law.
• Welfare state: concept and characteristics.
• Legal nihilism and methods of overcoming it.
• Civil society and the state.
• Concept, signs and composition of offenses, classification.
• Legal culture, etc.

Cliché phrases

In addition to revealing the problem, the structure of the social studies essay suggests an indication of its relevance in the modern world. To effectively implement this task, you can introduce cliche phrases into your text: “Given in the conditions ...

• globalization of relations in society;
• the controversial nature of inventions and scientific discoveries;
• worsening global problems;
• formation of a unified economic, educational, information field;
• strict differentiation in society;
• dialogue of cultures;
• modern market;
• the need to preserve traditional cultural values ​​and the nation’s own identity.”

Important point

In an essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies, as well as in written assignments in other subjects, you should periodically return to the problem raised. This is necessary for its fullest disclosure. In addition, periodic mention of the problem will allow you to stay within the topic and prevent reasoning and the use of terms that are not related to the chosen statement. The latter, in particular, is one of the common mistakes of graduates.

Main thought

In this part of the essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies, the essence of the statement should be revealed. However, it should not be repeated verbatim. You can also use cliche phrases here:

• "The author is convinced that..."
• "The meaning of this statement is..."
• "The author focuses on..."

Determining your own position

In an essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies, you can agree with the author’s opinion partially or completely. In the first case, it is necessary to refute with reason the part with which the conflict of opinion arose. Also, the writer can completely deny the statement or argue with the author. You can also use a cliche here:

• “I agree with the author’s opinion that...”
• “I partly adhere to the expressed point of view regarding ..., but I cannot agree with ....”
• the author clearly reflected the picture of modern society (the situation in Russia, one of the problems in the modern world)..."
• “I beg to differ with the author’s position that...”

Arguments

An essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies must contain a substantiation of the writer’s expressed opinion. In this part, it is necessary to recall the key terms related to the problem and theoretical provisions. Argumentation should be carried out at two levels:

1. Theoretical. In this case, the basis will be social science knowledge (opinions of thinkers/scientists, definitions, concepts, directions of concepts, terms, relationships, etc.).
2. Empirical. Two options are allowed here: use events from your life or examples from literature, social life, history.

In the process of selecting facts that will serve as arguments for your own position, you need to answer the following questions:

1. Do the examples support the opinions expressed?
2. Do they agree with the thesis stated?
3. Can they be interpreted in a different way?
4. Are the facts convincing?

By following this scheme, you can control the adequacy of examples and prevent deviations from the topic.

Conclusion

He must complete the essay. The conclusion summarizes the main ideas, sums up the reasoning, confirms the correctness or incorrectness of the statement. He should not convey verbatim the quotation that became the topic of the essay. When formulating, you can use the following cliches:

• "To summarize, I would like to note..."
• "It can therefore be concluded that..."

Decor

We should not forget that an essay is a short composition. It must be distinguished by semantic unity. In this regard, a coherent text should be formed and logical transitions should be used. Also, we should not forget about the correct spelling of terms. It is advisable to break the text into paragraphs, each of which reflects a separate idea. The red line must be observed.

additional information

Your essay may include:

• Brief information about the author of the quote. For example, information that he is an “outstanding Russian scientist,” “a famous French educator,” “the founder of an idealistic concept,” and so on.
• Indication of alternative ways to solve a problem.
• Description of different opinions or approaches to an issue.
• An indication of the polysemy of concepts and terms that are used in the text with justification for the meaning in which they were applied.

Job requirements

Among the variety of existing approaches to writing technology, a number of conditions that must be met should be highlighted:

1. Adequate understanding of the meaning of the statement and the problem.
2. Correspondence of the text to the issue raised.
3. Identification and disclosure of key aspects pointed out by the author of the statement.
4. A clear definition of your own opinion, attitude to the problem, to the position expressed in the quote.
5. Correspondence of the disclosure of aspects to the given scientific context.
6. Theoretical level of substantiation of one's own opinion.
7. The presence of meaningful facts of personal experience, social behavior, public life.
8. Logic in reasoning.
9. Absence of terminological, ethnic, factual and other errors.
10. Compliance with language norms and genre requirements.

There are no strict limits on the length of the essay. It depends on the complexity of the topic, the nature of thinking, experience, and level of training of the graduate.

Mistakes in formulating the problem

The most common shortcomings are:

1. Misunderstanding and inability to identify the problem in a statement. On the one hand, this is due to an insufficient amount of knowledge in the discipline to which the statement relates, and on the other, to an attempt to fit previously reviewed, written or read works to the identified issue.
2. Inability to formulate the problem. This error is usually associated with a small vocabulary and terminology in basic sciences.
3. Inability to formulate the essence of a quote. It is explained by misunderstanding or incorrect understanding of the content of the statement and the lack of necessary social science knowledge.
4. Replacing the problem with the position of the author. This error occurs due to the fact that the graduate does not see or understand the difference between them. The problem in the essay is the topic on which the author discusses. It is always voluminous and extensive. Different opinions can be expressed on it, often completely opposite. The meaning of the statement is the author’s personal position on the issue. The quote is just one of many opinions.

Shortcomings in defining and justifying your position

The absence of arguments confirming the graduate’s position indicates ignorance or ignorance of the requirements for the structure of the essay. Frequent mistakes when using concepts are unjustified narrowing or expansion of the meaning of a term, substitution of some definitions for others. Incorrect handling of information indicates an inability to analyze experience. Often the examples given in the text are loosely related to the problem. The lack of a critical perception of information obtained from the Internet and the media leads to the use of unverified and unreliable facts as justification. Another common mistake is a one-sided view of certain social phenomena, indicating an inability to identify and formulate cause-and-effect relationships.

A mini-essay on the Unified State Exam in social studies is an alternative task. This means that the exam participant can choose from several proposed options the one that is closer and more interesting to him.

Essay topics are short quotes - aphorisms related to the five blocks of the curriculum, one for each. The thematic areas of statements are as follows:

• Philosophy,
• Economy,
• Sociology, social psychology,
• Political science,
• Jurisprudence.

Of the five statements, you need to choose only one (the closest or most understandable) and write a mini-essay that reveals the meaning of the chosen aphorism and contains illustrative examples.

The “weight” of the social studies essay in the final points is quite small: about 8% of the total points. A perfectly written paper can earn only 5 primary points out of 62 possible, about 8%. Therefore, you should not approach the work as fundamentally as when writing essays on the Russian language or essays on literature.

The compilers of the Unified State Examination themselves suggest taking 36-45 minutes to write an essay on social studies (this is exactly the time period indicated in the specification). For comparison: an essay on the Russian language takes 110 minutes, and a full-length essay on literature takes 115.

All this suggests that the approach to social science should be different: there is no need to create a “masterpiece”, there are no mandatory requirements for presentation style (or even literacy), and even the volume of work is not regulated. Here it is not necessary to write 150-350 words of text: after all, the task is positioned as a “mini-essay” and if you manage to reveal the idea briefly and succinctly, this will be welcome.

It is enough to simply demonstrate knowledge of the subject and the ability to find suitable examples to support your point of view - and express your thoughts coherently and convincingly on the exam form.

Criteria for assessing essays in social studies on the Unified State Exam

The essay is scored based on three criteria in total. To earn the maximum five points, you must meet the following "required minimum":

Reveal the meaning of the original statement, or at least demonstrate that you correctly understood what its author meant (1 point). This is a key point: if you did not understand the quote and received 0 points on the first criterion, the work will not be assessed further.

Demonstrate knowledge of theory(2 points). Here, to get a high grade, it is necessary to analyze the meaning of the statement, using the knowledge acquired during the study of the school social studies course, remember the main points of the theory, and use the terminology correctly. Incomplete compliance with the requirements, deviation from the original topic or semantic errors will result in the loss of one point.

Ability to find relevant examples(2 points). To receive the highest mark on this criterion, you must illustrate the problem with two (at least) examples - facts that confirm the main idea of ​​the essay. Moreover, they must be from sources of different types. Sources can be

• examples from fiction, feature films and documentaries;
• examples from popular science literature, the history of various branches of science;
• historical facts;
• facts gleaned while studying other school subjects;
• personal experience and observations;
• media reports.

If only personal experience is used as examples or examples of the same type are given (for example, both from fiction), the score is reduced by a point. A zero for this criterion is given if the examples do not correspond to the topic or if there is no information at all.

Social studies essay writing plan

There are no strict requirements for the structure of the essay - the main thing is to reveal the meaning of the statement, demonstrate knowledge of the theory and support it with facts. However, given that you don’t have much time to think about it, you can stick to a standard essay plan that includes all the necessary elements.

1. The optional part is the introduction. General statement of the problem (one or two sentences). In an essay on social studies, this point of the plan can be omitted and go straight to the interpretation of the proposed aphorism, but schoolchildren often find it difficult to deviate from the usual compositional scheme, when the “gist of the matter” is preceded by general reasoning. Therefore, if you are used to starting with an introduction, write it, if this is not important for you, you can omit this point, the points will not be reduced for this.

2. Revealing the meaning of the original statement– 2-3 sentences. There is no need to quote in full; it is enough to refer to its author and state the meaning of the phrase in your own words. It must be remembered that, unlike an essay in Russian, where it is necessary to isolate a problem, an essay in social science can be devoted to a phenomenon, a process, or simply a statement of fact. To reveal the meaning of a statement, you can use templates like “In the proposed statement, N.N (a famous philosopher, economist, famous writer) considers (describes, talks about ...) such a phenomenon (process, problem) as ..., interpreting it as ... " or “The meaning of the statement ( expressions, aphorisms) N. N is that...”

3. Theoretical part(3-4 sentences). Here it is necessary to confirm or refute the author’s point of view, relying on the knowledge gained in class and using special terminology. If you agree with the author’s point of view, then, by and large, this part is a detailed translation of the original phrase into “textbook language.” For example, if the author called children’s games in the yard a “school of life”, you will write about what institutions of socialization are and the role they play in the process of an individual’s assimilation of social norms. Here you can also quote quotes from other philosophers, economists, etc., confirming the main idea of ​​the text - however, this is not a mandatory requirement.

4. Factual part(4-6 sentences). Here it is necessary to give at least two examples confirming the theses put forward in the previous paragraph. In this part it is better to avoid “general words” and talk about specifics. And do not forget to indicate sources of information. For example, “experiments devoted to” have been repeatedly described in popular science literature; “as we know from the school physics course...”, “writer N,N. in his novel “Untitled” he describes the situation…”, “on the shelves of the supermarket opposite my school you can see...”.

5. Conclusion (1-2 sentences). Since an essay on social studies on the Unified State Exam is, by and large, a proof of a certain theoretical position, you can complete the essay by summing up what has been said. For example: “Thus, both real-life examples and reading experience suggest that...”, followed by a restatement of the main thesis.

remember, that the main thing is to correctly reveal the meaning of the statement. Therefore, when choosing from the proposed options, take a quote whose interpretation is beyond your doubts.

Before you start writing the text, remember the terminology on this topic. Write them down on a draft form so you can use them later in your work.

Choose the most suitable examples on this topic. Remember that examples from literature may not be limited to works of the school curriculum - in the social studies exam you can use any literary works as arguments. We should not forget that relying on reading experience in the case of social studies is not a priority: remember cases from life; news heard on the radio; topics discussed in society and so on. Also write down the selected examples on the draft form.

Since literacy, style and composition of the text are not graded, if you are confident enough to express your thoughts in writing, it is better not to waste time writing a full draft. Limit yourself to drawing up a thesis plan and write straight away- this will help save time.

Start the essay after you have answered all other questions.– otherwise you may not fit in the time limit and lose more points than you gain. For example, the first four tasks with detailed answers (based on the text read) can give a total of 10 primary points (twice as much as an essay), and formulating answers to them usually takes much less time than writing a mini-essay.

If you are “floating” in the topic and you feel that you cannot write an essay with maximum points - do this task anyway. Every point is important - and even if you only manage to correctly formulate the topic and give at least one example “from life” - you will receive two primary points for your social studies essay on the Unified State Exam, which is much better than zero.

1. Cliche phrases for formulating an understanding of the statement, problems and their relevance

The meaning of this statement is that...

The relevance of the problem raised is that...

This problem (topics) is relevant in the conditions...

Globalization of public relations;

Formation of a unified information, educational, economic space;

Exacerbation of global problems of our time;

The special controversial nature of scientific discoveries and inventions;

Development of international integration;

Modern market economy;

Development and overcoming the global economic crisis;

Strict differentiation of society;

Open social structure of modern society;

Formation of the rule of law;

Overcoming the spiritual and moral crisis;

Dialogue of Cultures;

The need to preserve one's own identity and traditional spiritual values.

2. Cliche phrases for formulating your own position:

“One cannot but agree with the author of this statement...”

society... the situation that has developed in society... one of the problems of our time)"

“I beg to differ with the author’s opinion that...”

“Partly, I share the author’s point of view regarding..., but with... I can’t agree”

3. Multidimensional analysis of statements (cliché phrases):

The statement can be analyzed from different angles...

Let's look at the statement from different aspects...

There are two aspects to the content of the statement...

The statement can be analyzed both in a broad and in a narrow sense...

It is worth noting that…

4. Argumentation should be carried out at two levels:

1. Theoretical level. Cliché phrases:

Let's consider the statement from the point of view of economic (political, sociological...) theory...

Let's turn to the theoretical meaning of the statement...

In economic (political, sociological...) theory, this statement has its basis...

This statement has a deep theoretical basis...

To substantiate this statement from a theoretical perspective...

In the course of social studies (economics, sociology...) ...

2. Empirical level - there are two options here:

using examples from history, literature and social reality;

appeal to personal experience.

Second-level arguments should illustrate and support the theoretical principles used to justify one's own position.

Cliché phrases:

Let us give examples from public life that confirm my idea...

Let's look at examples from history...

What do the facts of social life tell us...

Numerous examples from public life refute the author’s idea...

Many examples from our lives confirm the author’s idea...

I can confirm my thoughts with examples from my own life...

My personal experience (the experience of my parents, classmates...) suggests the opposite...

5. Cliche phrases for conclusion:

Thus…

In conclusion, we can conclude that...

To summarize, I would like to note that...

Based on all of the above, it can be argued that...