OD summary on cognitive development “It’s also autumn on reservoirs” in the preparatory group of children with mental retardation. OD summary on cognitive development “It’s also autumn on reservoirs” in the preparatory group of children with mental retardation The water in rivers becomes autumn

Look for features

From the shore, the water surface looks the same, but each body of water has features that are attractive to fish in the cold season. Find such places and you are halfway to success.

Islands.

In summer, fishing on the island gives maximum results. But even in winter, they can be a blessing.

Shallow coastal areas should probably not be fished in the morning, especially after an overnight frost that will make the water very cold in such areas. Thus, in the morning it is necessary to fish deep areas at the bottom of the island slope.

If the sun is shining strongly, the shallow island areas will warm up a bit and are worth paying attention to by mid-day.

Overhanging trees.

Avoid fishing under overhanging trees. Water in the shade of trees will not have the opportunity to warm up even in sunny weather. You will also most likely have piles of rotting leaves and branches lying on the bottom at the fishing point, which will prevent you from making a good presentation of the bait.

Direction of the wind.

If north and east winds blow, position yourself so that they blow not in your face, but from your back. The best protection option in such cases is the high bank that is behind you. Southern and western winds will be warmer and more productive.

Old reed beds.

Avoid fishing in close proximity to old reed beds as there will be a lot of decaying stems under the surface of the water that will make your fishing impossible.

Short fishing time.

In cold weather, you need to spend extra time in bed and start fishing later than usual. In many reservoirs, fish will not even think about feeding until the water warms up at least a little from the sun.

Keys, springs.

In such places, fish constantly feed even in winter due to the constant water temperature in places near springs. If it is possible to find out the exact location of such places, try to fish as close to them as possible.

Shallow bays

Well-protected and well-lit shallow bays that receive plenty of sunlight are natural areas that attract fish during the winter. Shallow water warms up quickly in the sun and attracts fish like a magnet. If your technique and gear allow you to deliver bait to such areas, your chances of catching will increase significantly.

Traditionalism

Historically, fish tend to congregate in the same areas during the winter. When placing on a reservoir, be guided by the knowledge of these traditional fish sites.

Thermocline.

Surely you have often heard and read that in the cold season you need to fish in deep places, since the water is warmer there. However, in some reservoirs this approach is completely wrong, so do not make the mistake of automatically setting up to fish from the bottom at great depths, remaining in this place throughout the entire fishing trip in the absence of bites.

There are 2 factors that most affect water temperature in cold weather - the sun and the wind. They are the ones who create such a natural phenomenon as temperature stratification of water. These layers are located one above the other and are created because, along with a change in temperature, the density of water also changes. Thermoclines are most pronounced in bodies of standing water that are 20 feet or more deep. When fishing deep waters, such as gravel pits, you will notice that the fish often congregate in the warmer layers, and can be found anywhere from a foot (30cm) from the bottom to a foot from the surface of the water.

(In fairness, it should be noted that such a random distribution of fish in depth is typical for the cold season, i.e., both when the reservoirs are not yet covered with ice, and after the formation of ice cover. With the rapid transition to cold autumn nights and the passage of cold fronts, the upper layer water begins to cool and its autumn cycle occurs. At a water temperature of 4 °, it acquires maximum density. Denser, cold water from the surface begins to put pressure on the remaining warm water, moving it down. This mixing becomes more and more intense and is recognized by such a sign as separation and the appearance of particles of bottom fouling on the surface of the water. In late autumn, when the main volume of water has cooled to 4 °, the turnover is completed and the thermocline dissipates. After this, the temperature soon ceases to affect the dislocation of fish, and it can be found at almost all depths. This period is one one of the most difficult fish to find.Early winter gives way to late autumn, ice begins to form in shallow bays, the surface of the water becomes uniformly cold, and warm water (4°) sinks to the bottom of the lake. When the surface of the water is completely covered with ice, the annual cycle of temperature stratification of water will end, only to begin again with the arrival of spring - approx. translator).

The working fishing horizon on which the fish stands at this time is easy to calculate when fishing with a plug. To do this, you need to use very light equipment loaded with several pellets No. 8 and 10, a very light small hook that will make your bait (bloodworm, maggot) fall very slowly in the water column. If you get bites on the drop, reduce the depth until you find the depth that fish are feeding at your location today.

Translation by Evgeniy Svyatoschik

Summary of the excursion in the preparatory group.

Water and I are friends.

Target:

To consolidate children's knowledge about the importance of water in the life of plants, animals and humans. About the fact that water is the “home” for many plants and animals, about the need to protect these animals and their habitat.

Tasks:

Deepen and systematize children’s knowledge about the river and its purpose;

Cultivate a positive attitude, awaken aesthetic feelings towards native nature;

Develop the ability to behave correctly;

Activate and enrich children's vocabulary with nouns, adjectives and verbs on the topic.

Progress of the excursion.

1. Today you and I will go for a walk, and you have to guess where.

(any riddle about the river) That's right, we will have an excursion to the river.

2. Arriving at the river, the teacher asks the children whether they know the name of our river. Then the teacher explains why the river is respectfully called “nurse and worker.” After this, the shores are examined (steep, flat, covered with sand or vegetation). A conversation about what types of rivers there are (mighty, majestic, fast, quiet, mountainous, etc.). What is our river like?

3. Do you think the water in the river is warm or cold now? Why? We draw children's attention to the color and transparency of the water.

Yes, the water in the river is clean and transparent. Is it possible to drink water from the river? No. Why? (Children's answers) The teacher draws a conclusion about why you cannot drink water from the river (it has not been purified). Next is the teacher's story about how water is purified (first, water is taken from a river or some underground reservoir, then it goes to special water treatment plants, where, with the help of complex filters, the water is purified from sand, dirt, various microbes, and only after that the water already enters the water supply).

4. Ball game “What kind of water is there?”

Answer options: sea, river, swamp, water supply, mineral, rain, clean, dirty, transparent, colorless, tasteless, hot, cold, warm, etc.

“What can water do?” - splashes, murmurs, runs, pours, flows, shimmers, etc.

5. The river is a community where everyone needs each other: both plants and animals. Children say which inhabitants of the river they would like to turn into (show with facial expressions and movements).

6. Why does river water become dirty? How to make a river clean?

7. Ball game "Good - bad."

The teacher is in the center of the circle with the ball. Throws the ball to the children one by one and asks: “Water is good. Why?", "Water is bad. Why?".

Possible answers:

Fine : water is needed for drinking; to wash, wash hands; You can temper yourself with water, play with water, swim, cook food, wash floors, dishes, toys, wash clothes; water flowers and plants in the garden; Various animals live in the water, birds live near the water.

Badly : if you drink cold water in the heat, you can get sick; hot water can burn you; if you handle it carelessly and spill it on the floor, you can slip and fall; if you frequently water plants, they may die; if you don't know how to swim, you can drown; There are floods and then the water destroys houses, etc.

8. Summary.

Water is one of the most amazing substances on the planet. Water is a good friend and helper.

What have we learned about water today? (children's answers)

Reading of N. Ryzhova’s poem “Magic Water”.

"Magic Water"

Have you heard about water?

They say she is everywhere!

You will find her in the pond,

And in a damp forest swamp.

In a puddle, in the sea, in the ocean

And in the water tap.

Like an icicle freezes

Fog creeps into the forest,

It's boiling on your stove,

The kettle steam hisses.

We can't wash ourselves without her,

Don't eat, don't get drunk!

I dare to report to you:

We can't live without her!

Indeed, without water it is impossible to live on earth, so water must be preserved and protected.

Kirillova Tamara
OD summary on cognitive development “It’s also autumn on reservoirs” in the preparatory group of children with mental retardation

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution

combined kindergarten No. 3, Dankov

Abstract OD

By cognitive development

"On It’s autumn in bodies of water too»

V preparatory group of children with mental retardation

Developer:

teacher: Kirillova T. N.

Target:

1. Reinforce the idea that seasonal changes in nature in autumn influence the lives of residents reservoirs.

2. Expand and clarify ideas children about preparing the inhabitants of reservoirs for winter.

3. Give children a more complete idea of ​​where fish, crayfish, frogs, and aquatic plants disappear for the winter.

Equipment: presentation.

Vocabulary work: silt, zhor.

OD progress

1. Opening speech by the teacher.

Every day the signs of the coming autumn: leaves are falling, migratory birds gather in flocks, insects, mice, spiders, centipedes are hiding somewhere. They climbed into dry holes, intertwined, and froze the snakes. Animals - some dress in warm fur coats, some stuff their closets in holes, some make a den. Everyone is preparing for winter.

The water in rivers, lakes, and ponds became cold. Above bodies of water Fog often rises. And the inhabitants reservoirs are also preparing for winter. Our conversation today is about frogs, fish, crayfish, and aquatic plants. Seasonal changes in nature in the fall too influence the lives of residents reservoirs.

2. Teacher's story "Like fish in the fall prepare for winter» .

Pisces is starting prepare by the winter season already from summer - in the middle August: the fish begins to swim close to the shore and eat a lot. She does this in order to survive winter fasting without problems. After all, with the onset of cold weather, she feeds mainly on her reserves of fat, which she ate in August.

Closer to winter, fish gather in schools to spend the winter. They descend to the very depths of rivers and lakes. Their body is covered with a thick layer of mucus, like a fur coat. And the fish spend the whole winter at the bottom body of water. After all, the water there does not freeze even in severe frosts.

By winter, fish show immobility and lethargy.

Each type of fish overwinters differently. For example, carp and crucian carp bury as much as possible in the mud that is at the bottom body of water, and survive the winter, remaining completely motionless until spring.

Most fish hibernate - these are catfish, bream, tench, and roach. The fish lies on the bottom body of water or simply buries itself in the mud.

It is very difficult for fish to be under the ice in winter. Are starting to rot seaweed, as a result, the air becomes less and less, and it is difficult for them to breathe. Therefore in bodies of water people make ice holes through which clean air flows under the ice.

3. Teacher's story "Where the crayfish spend the winter".

Crayfish overwinter not far from the places where they live permanently. Only with the onset of cold weather do they tend to sink a little deeper, this is due to the fact that at depth the water, although a little, is still warmer, and this is how they spend the winter. Despite the low water temperature, they are awake and looking for food. Most of the time, which is about twenty hours a day, crayfish are in their own holes and quietly dozing. However, with the onset of twilight, they begin a fairly active life. They get out of their holes and walk along the bottom reservoir and even hunt. In a word, there are no mysteries in how crayfish overwinter. In cold weather they stay in the depths and lead their usual way of life.

4. Reading the story by N. Sladkov "Perch and Burbot".

Burbot is also preparing for winter, although it does not hibernate. Burbot is a predatory fish; the burbot's favorite food is minnows, then ruffs. A lot of burbots eat their own fry. Autumn The feeding of burbot continues until the beginning of winter, for three whole months, with short intervals. With the rivers freezing autumn the burbot's wandering in search of food stops. A sharp change in the environment also affects burbot: he rises to the top and stands under the ice; he apparently feels uneasy and has no time for food. Within a week, his body adapts to the new conditions. And then the burbot begins a normal, familiar life.

I’ll now read you a little fairy tale about burbot.

Miracles under the ice! All the fish are sleepy - you are the only one, Burbot, cheerful and playful. What's the matter with you, huh?

And the fact that for all fish in winter it’s winter, but for me, Burbot, in winter it’s summer! You perches are dozing, and we burbots are playing weddings, swording caviar, rejoicing and having fun!

Let's go, fellow perches, to Burbot's wedding! Let’s wake up our sleep, have some fun, snack on burbot caviar...

You have already guessed what kind of life burbot leads in winter.

5. Teacher's story "Like frogs in the fall prepare for winter» .

The frog goes into hibernation in winter. Like other animals, frogs before hibernation focus on feeding and accumulating relatively large reserves of nutrients.

Spadefoot frogs begin to prepare for winter in September-October. They burrow deeper into the mud or use other people's shelters. Very often they can be seen wintering in wells and cellars.

Grass frogs overwinter in flowing streams, rivers, and ditches. Sometimes they travel long distances to their wintering place. In this case, one of the main requirements is the saturation of water with oxygen. in autumn grass frogs are located at the bottom, in the very thickets of aquatic vegetation, or not far from the shore in the sand.

As temperatures drop, lake frogs reduce their activity and go into hibernation. They begin to prepare for hibernation when the water temperature is about 6-9 degrees. Such frogs overwinter at the very bottom reservoirs, migrating there in autumn, buried in the bottom silt. They spend the entire winter at the bottom of lakes, rivers and deep ponds, while breathing through their skin.

Wintering amphibians very often gather under overhanging shores or are carefully hidden in underwater vegetation. Some lake frogs remain active even in cold weather, falling into a shallow sleep - they are lethargic, but at the same time they are not deprived of the ability to jump and swim. If an animal is disturbed, it moves without much difficulty and takes refuge in another place.

6. Teacher's story "How aquatic plants prepare autumn to winter» .

The great role of plants in body of water. They serve as food for animals and release oxygen into the water, which is necessary for the respiration of organisms. Underwater thickets serve as a refuge for animals.

Cattail, reed, reed, arrowhead are attached to the bottom with their roots, and stems and leaves float on the surface reservoirs.

In the winter, the yellow egg capsule retains reserves of nutrients in its rhizome that are necessary for the formation of leaves and flowers of this plant next year. In addition, the rhizome, like other parts of the yellow capsule, has air channels through which oxygen necessary for respiration enters the underwater organs of the plant.

Flowers that flaunted on the surface reservoirs in summer, in autumn dropped their seeds to the bottom, and pulled their long stalks under the water. They may freeze on the surface. in autumn the sun does not shine as hot as in summer, the water does not warm up well, and the plants do not have enough solar heat.

7. Outdoor game "Crucian carp and pike".

A circle is drawn on the floor. One child is chosen as a pike, the rest are divided into crucian carp swimming inside the circle and pebbles. By signal: "Pike!" The pike child runs into the circle and tries to catch the crucian carp. And the crucian carp are in a hurry to hide behind the stones. The crucian carp caught by the pike go outside the circle. The game is repeated with another pike.

8. Conversation “Where do they disappear autumn fish, crayfish, frogs, aquatic plants?

Why do frogs bury themselves? in autumn in silt? (Answers children: frogs burrow autumn in silt in order to survive the winter, and also so that they are not eaten by predatory fish).

And who else, besides frogs, in the pond prepares for winter in the fall? (Answers children: in autumn, except frogs, in body of water fish and crayfish are preparing for winter).

What kind of fish leads a normal, habitual way of life in winter and does not hibernate? (Answer children: burbot).

Why do aquatic plants sink? in the fall to the bottom of the reservoir? (Answers children: this is how plants prepare for winter).

With the onset of winter, the water in body of water will freeze and turn into ice. But only the surface will turn into ice reservoir, and at the very depths the water will not freeze, and this is what will help the aquatic inhabitants to survive the winter and not die. Now you know that they are all still with autumn prepared for winter.

Publications on the topic:

OD summary on cognitive development “The Kingdom of Ice and Snow” in the preparatory group of children with mental retardation

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution, kindergarten of combined type No. 3, Dankov Abstract of OD on cognitive.

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution, kindergarten of combined type No. 3, Dankov Abstract of OD on cognitive.

OD summary on cognitive development “Food chains in the forest” in the preparatory group of children with mental retardation Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution, kindergarten of combined type No. 3, Dankov Abstract of OD on cognitive.

OD summary on cognitive development “Let's visit the water” in the preparatory group of children with mental retardation Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution, kindergarten of combined type No. 3, Dankov Abstract of OD on cognitive.

OD summary on cognitive development “Let's sit in the meadow on a sunny day” in the preparatory group of children with mental retardation Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution, kindergarten of combined type No. 3, Dankov Abstract of OD on cognitive.

OD summary on cognitive development “The bugs woke up from the warmth” in the preparatory group of children with mental retardation Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution, kindergarten of combined type No. 3, Dankov Abstract of OD on cognitive.

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution, kindergarten of combined type No. 3, Dankov Abstract of OD on cognitive.

OD summary on cognitive development “Mysteries of Nature” in the preparatory group of children with mental retardation Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution, kindergarten of combined type No. 3, Dankov Abstract of OD on cognitive.

Summary of the lesson on cognitive development “Invisible Air” in the preparatory group of children with mental retardation Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution, combined kindergarten No. 3, Dankov. Notes on cognitive lessons.

Image library:

In autumn, the underwater world in our reservoirs is extremely monotonous and even sparse. It is a flat desert of silt, water of poor transparency, and this picture does not change throughout the fall and winter.

These phenomena are associated with the following factors:

• The biological, chemical and mechanical composition of water changes, which affects transparency.
• Daylight hours are decreasing, which also affects water clarity.
• The amount of oxygen and hydrogen sulfide changes.
• The temperature of the water in different layers also changes the indicators.
• The area of ​​the “reservoir mirror” becomes different.
• The strength and direction of the wind are also different.
• Currents appear.
• Etc.

Autumn under water does not come suddenly. First, a transition period occurs, the signs of which are clearly visible in mid-September. It's not autumn yet, but it's no longer summer.

The first thing you will notice is the reduction in overall illumination. The second is autumn winds, rains and cool nights. All this reduces the temperature of the water, but at this time it is best saturated with oxygen. In heat-loving fish, for example, carp, the time of activity begins, the last of this season. After all, they need to create a good reserve of fat before the winter hunger strike. Crucian carp, bream, carp, tench and ide also feed intensively.

It is believed that in the fall bream gather in large schools, as if before spawning. But that's not true! In fact, the number of the school does not change in the fall, the bream are simply busy searching for food - bloodworms. Thus, dozens, or even hundreds of fish, side by side, go looking for food.

The water is getting colder every day, and the fish has one thought: “There is, there is, there is...”. At night or during the day in early autumn, bream can still be caught near the shore. Tench and crucian carp are not far behind them. After the summer variety, they are again ready to feed on anything and lose caution in their habits. Tench constantly graze near the shore, feeding almost around the clock. But large cyprinids prefer dreisna shells. This is a mollusk that maintains populations of large tench, bream and crucian carp at the required level. And the carp is completely dependent on this food. Its habitats are very original. You can notice a hole, cleanly swept right down to the yellow sand, with a large mound of dracena. The carp takes a mouthful of shells and methodically grinds them, stroking the meat and spitting out shell fragments.

In early autumn, almost no changes occur in the rivers. Unless the water becomes clearer. Chubs and ides behave like summer and occupy the usual tricky places: niches and cornices of a clayey shore, large boulders, layers of fresh turf, a thick trunk, submerged branches, bushes, thick grass... Large ides at night approach the very edge of the shore at a depth of 20- 30 cm and pick up gape frogs and fry. Perches hide in small holes and behind small shelters. Pike choose the boundaries of the current, shallow and deep water, areas of open and overgrown water, or simply stand with their belly in the bottom.

The owner of the river, the catfish, is especially active. But all these are large and medium-sized rivers. In shallow waters, the water becomes cold much faster, so the activity of the fish decreases very quickly. Large fish hide in deeper places rich in food. These are the lower reaches and mouths of large reservoirs. Roaches head upstream to meet bream, catfish and pike-perch. For 2-3 whole weeks she becomes the mistress of the October rivers. The pike follows the roach. But soon they will descend back again, to deeper places with constant food and a more or less stable temperature.

To be continued….

The water masses of rivers, lakes and other bodies of water receive heat from the environment and give it back. As a result of this heat exchange, daily and annual fluctuations in water temperature occur.

In rivers, due to the conditions of water movement, constant mixing of water masses occurs. Thanks to this, the temperature is equalized across the depth and width of the flow. In large bodies of water there is a difference - gradient temperatures by depth.

The annual course of water temperature in rivers is characterized by the following features. During the winter months the water temperature remains close to 0C. In the spring, as the air temperature rises and the river clears of ice, the water quickly warms up. The water temperature reaches its maximum in July-August. In autumn, as the air temperature drops, the water temperature decreases. A characteristic feature is the fact that during approximately the first half of the ice-free period, the water temperature in most cases remains lower than the air temperature, and in the second half it is slightly higher.

The daily variation of water temperature is observed only in the warm season. Moreover, the amplitude of temperature fluctuations during the day on northern rivers is, as a rule, less than on southern ones. This is due to the longer daylight hours in summer in the northern regions of the country.

Along the length of the river, temperature changes are related to the general direction of the flow. On rivers flowing from north to south, the water temperature gradually increases towards the river mouth. Rivers fed by glaciers are characterized by the lowest water temperatures in their upper reaches.

The beginning of the winter period is considered to be the time when stable negative temperatures are established, and the end is the moment when the spring ice drift ends. The winter regime includes three characteristic periods: freezing,freeze-up And opening.

The first sign of water freezing should be the appearance zaberegov– stationary thin ice formations in the riverine area. With a fast current, the banks develop slowly. In this case, thin round-shaped ice plates are formed in the river bed, floating along the river - salo.

Due to the uniform cooling of temperature along the depth, ice formation occurs not only on the surface of the water, but also in the thickness of the flow. Inland ice accumulates in the form of a gelatinous mass - Sugi. Part of it floats to the surface of the water, the other part is carried away by the current and moves in the thickness of the stream.

As they move downstream, ice formations increase in size and, freezing together, form ice floes Ice floes gradually increase in size due to the freezing of water in the spaces between them. At the moment when there is very little free space on the surface of the water, the movement of ice stops and a continuous ice cover is formed - freeze-up In some cases, on small rivers with calm water flow, freeze-up can occur in a short time without ice drift.

After the river freezes, the water initially contains a lot of sludge. In constrictions of the channel and on shallow riffles, sludge can accumulate and clog the cross-section of the flow. This phenomenon is called glutton. As a result, the movement of water under the ice is hampered and water levels rise in the overlying areas.

The ice cover at the beginning of winter is relatively thin. Further growth of ice thickness occurs under the influence of negative air temperatures. The intensity of ice formation depends on the duration of low air temperatures and their absolute values. The lower the air temperature and the longer the winter period, the thicker the ice in the river. Snow cover, groundwater and the speed of water flow in the river have a restraining influence on the increase in ice thickness. In some cases, the influence of these factors is so great that in some areas the river does not freeze for a long period of time, and sometimes throughout the winter. Such non-freezing sections of the river are called polynyas. They are found in places where groundwater emerges, in the lower reaches of hydroelectric dams, and in the sources of rivers flowing from lakes. In polynyas, inland ice and slush form.

As solar radiation increases in spring, the growth of ice thickness stops. The runoff of melt water from the drainage basin increases and water levels rise. As a result, the ice swells in the middle of the river and breaks away from the banks. Cracks form in the ice fields, and the first ice movements begin. Large ice fields are destroyed into individual ice floes. As water levels increase, the entire mass of ice begins to move - this is how the spring ice drift begins. In some places they form congestion ice, which are accumulations of ice fields that impede the movement of water. When ice jams occur, the water levels in the river rise to a certain level until a breakthrough occurs. As a result of the jam breaking, a mass of accumulated ice rushes downstream at high speed. This can lead to damage to hydraulic and other structures on rivers.

The spring ice drift ends when the river is cleared of ice. The period of the free state of the river from the end of the spring ice drift to the beginning of the autumn ice drift is called the duration physical navigation. Actual navigation duration is the period of time between the passage of the first and last vessels of the transport fleet along the river. It is usually less than the duration of physical navigation. Where appropriate, it is practiced on inland waterways navigation extension through the use of an icebreaker fleet and special means that accelerate ice melting.