Forest and man and the surrounding world. Lesson summary on the surrounding world "forest and man." Checking homework
Slide 1.
During the classes
I. Organizational beginning.
Dear Guys! Today is an unusual day at our school! Our guests are teachers from various schools. And I hope that they will like it at our school, and that you will be able to show what you have learned during this time. During the lesson, you will complete tasks, give complete answers, listen carefully to the teacher’s questions and your friends’ answers, and help each other in difficult situations.
Sit correctly and check the location of your lesson supplies.
Slide 2
1.2. Communicating the topic and objectives of the lesson
There is just a temple
There is a temple of science.
And there is a temple of nature -
With scaffolding reaching out
Towards the sun and winds.
He is holy at any time of the day,
Open to us in the heat and cold,
Come in here
Be a little hearty
Do not desecrate his shrines.
P. Check homework
2.1. Differentiated approach
Before you start studying new topic, I would like to find out what you know about the forest zone:
Animal world;
Taiga;
Mixed forest.
2.2. Working with cards
Connect with arrows the trees and the forest in which they grow:
Fir taiga
birch
Mixed forest
cedar pine
Linden
broadleaf forest
alder
pine
larch
Oak
Maple
Answer:
taiga - fir, cedar pine, pine, larch;
mixed forest - fir, birch, alder, pine, larch;
broadleaf forest - linden, oak, maple.
2.3. Work in pairs.
Blitz tournament “I know the forest”(the teacher dictates, and then the students change notebooks and check on the screen)
What forest do we call taiga?
Name the tree: “Tall, slender, with yellowish-reddish or brown bark. The branches are only at the top. The needles are long and arranged in pairs. The cones are small and round."
What special difference does larch have?
What bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine?
Which tree is the symbol of Russia?
This animal can not only jump, but also fly.
Acorns are the fruit of which tree?
Which animal has five black stripes on its back?
What tree broadleaf forest When it blooms, does it spread a wonderful aroma around?
Recognize the animal by its description: “Loves dark forests, quietly creeps up to its prey, has a spotted color, “whiskers” and tufts on the ears”?
Slide 3
III. Working on a new topic
What can be called a forest?
What types of forests are there?
Slide 4.
Slide 5.
Slide 6.
3.1. Independent reading of the poem.
Let's read S. Nikulina's poem “Russian Forest”, and then discuss it:
There's nothing sweeter
Wander and think here.
Heals, warms,
Feed the Russian forest.
And the thirst will torment -
That's a little forest guy for me
Among the thorny thickets
The fontanel will show.
I’ll bend over to him to get a drink -
And you can see everything to the bottom.
Water flows,
Tasty and cold.
Rowan trees are waiting for us in the forest,
Nuts and flowers,
Fragrant raspberry
On dense bushes.
I'm looking for a mushroom clearing
I, without sparing my legs,
And if I get tired -
I'll sit down on a tree stump.
The forest loves pedestrians very much,
For them, he is completely his own.
There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere
With a green beard.
Life seems different
And my heart doesn't hurt
When over your head,
Like eternity, the forest is noisy.
What relationships is this poem talking about?
So what is a forest for a person? (The first card opens - “resting place”).
Why is the forest a pharmacy?(the second card opens - “pharmacy”).
- In the forest, a person finds food for himself - these are berries, nuts, mushrooms, clean water: “it will feed the Russian forest,” “I’ll bend down to drink from it...”(the card “source of clean water and food” opens).
How can a forest warm a person?
- This means that the forest is a source of fuel for humans.(the “fuel source” card opens).
Look around, what things made of wood do you see?
- What on your tables is made of wood?
- What awaits a person in the forest? Find it in the poem.
- What do flowers, bushes, and mushrooms do in the forest?
- What does the forest mean to them?
- For whom else is the forest home?
- This means that the forest is also a home for plants, animals, and mushrooms.(a card “house for plants, animals, mushrooms” opens).
What roles does the forest play?
- What is forest to air?
- What else is the forest a protector for?The card “protector of air, water bodies and soils” opens.
How do forests protect water bodies?
- How does the forest protect the soil?
- We did a very good job. Look at the diagram we came up with.
Slide 7
Meaning of forest
1. Rest place
2. Pharmacy
3. Source of water and food
4. Fuel source
5. House for plants, mushrooms, animals
6. Protector of water bodies, air, soils
Let's read, What roles does the forest play?
3.2. Conversation about environmental problem forests
- Is a person always fair to the forest? Is it his fault that environmental problems in the forest arise? What environmental problem? we're talking about in the next poem, listen:
Sasha cried as the forest was cut down,
Even now she feels sorry for him to the point of tears.
There were so many curly birches here!
There because of the old frowning spruce
The red clusters of viburnum looked out.
A young oak tree rose there,
Birds reigned in the top of the forest,
All sorts of animals were lurking below.
Suddenly men with axes appeared.
The forest rang, groaned, and crackled.
The hare listened and ran away.
N. Nekrasov
- What environmental problem is discussed in the poem?(We are talking about deforestation.)
- If used to be a forest was cut down as needed, using an ax (which cannot be destroyed forested areas), now after the work of lumberjacks, terrible pictures remain. People thought that there were so many forests that it was impossible to cut them down. Now it has become clear: the forests are in danger! The girl Sasha from Nekrasov’s poem also understood this; she felt sorry for the birds and animals left without a home. How does the poem make you feel?(Free expressions of children.)
But I’m glad that you care about the fate of the forest, that you are concerned about the problem that has arisen - this means that you will look for ways to solve it.
Now let’s draw up a diagram on “forest problems”. In the last lesson we talked about the extermination of animals, what is the name of this problem?
Slide 8
Forest problem
Felling
Illegal hunting (poaching)
Who is a poacher?
Man has long killed animals to obtain food, but this was necessary for the survival of people, and they killed no more than they could eat. Now, excessive hunting has led to the complete or almost complete extermination of some animal species. Currently, hunting of forest animals is limited, and poaching is punishable by law. Many species of rare animals are taken under protection, and plants and animals listed in the Red Book are under special protection. The following are listed in the Red Book:
(The listing is accompanied by drawings of beetles, plants, birds and animals listed in the Red Book.)
Slide 9
3.3. Student message prepared at home
In the forest zone, the Priorkso - Terrace Reserve was created, which ... will tell us about.
Slide 10
IV. Physical education minute
Hands raised and shook -
These are trees in the forest.
Arms bent, hands shaken -
The wind blows away the dew.
Let's wave our hands to the sides, smoothly -
These are the birds flying towards us.
We'll show you how they sit down quietly -
The wings were folded back.
V. Continued study of a new topic
5.1. Reading Sukhomlinsky's story by role
We also have to figure out what depends on each of us. Let's read the story role by role.
Olya and Lida, little girls, went into the forest. Tired of the journey, we sat down to rest and have lunch. They took bread, butter, and eggs out of the bag. When the girls had already finished dinner, a nightingale began to sing not far from them. Fascinated by the beautiful singing, Olya andLida sat, afraid to move. The nightingale stopped singing. She collected the remains of her food and scraps of paper and threw them under Lida, wrapped the eggshells and bread in newspaper and put the bag in her bag.
Why do you take trash with you? - Olya said. - Throw it under the bush. After all, we are in the forest, no one will see!
“I’m ashamed in front of the nightingale,” Lida answered quietly..
Whose behavior in the forest do you think is correct?
A What can the forest turn into?
Slide 11
You already know that plastic and glass objects They don’t even rot in the ground. If food waste and paper can be buried in the forest, then tin cans, glass and plastic bottles Under no circumstances should you leave it in the forest, as animals may be injured by fragments of broken bottles.
5.2. Reading of the poem “Forest Fire” by V. Shefner and conversation on the content.
Today I would like to talk about one more human action. Listen to V. Shefner’s poem “Forest Fire”:
Forgetful hunter at rest
I didn’t sweep it away, I didn’t trample the fire.
He went into the forest, and the branches were burning out
And they reluctantly smoked until the morning...
And in the morning the wind dispersed the fogs,
And the dying fire came to life.
And, throwing sparks in the middle of the clearing.
He spread out his crimson rags.
He burned all the grass and flowers together,
He burned the bushes and went into the green forest.
Like a frightened flock of red squirrels,
He darted from trunk to trunk.
And the forest was buzzing with a fiery blizzard,
The trunks fell with a frosty crack,
And like snowflakes, sparks flew from them
Above the gray drifts of ash.
What human act became a terrible disaster for the forest?
Slide 12
Screening of the video “Fire in the Forest.”
But this might not have happened if the person had followed the rules for making a fire and had not forgotten to extinguish it and make sure that the fire would not flare up again.
Let's read the rules for making a fire in the textbook on p. 111
VI. Group work
Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in the forest?
Now come up with and draw signs that would reflect human actions that are dangerous to the forest. What are these actions?
- Assignment for logical thinking.
VII. Generalization.
- And at the end of our lesson, I would like to read you a poem by Tim Sobakin:
If I pick a flower,
If you pick a flower,
If everything: both you and me,
If we pick flowers,
They will be empty
And trees and bushes.
And there will be no beauty
And there will be no kindness
If it's just me and you
If we pick flowers...
What should people remember when coming to the forest?
- Of course, each of us should think about how our descendants will see the forests in a century, in a millennium, and whether the forest will be able to give them what it gives us now.
VIII. Summarizing
Grading.
IX.Homework
At home you will complete the task of your choice:
1) read the text of the textbook;
2) you will find additional material about animals and plants of our region;
3) creative work: “Mini-essays”, continue the essay with 2 – 3 sentences.
1. If I were a forester, I would...
2. I am a forest doctor because...
3. If I were an animal, I would...
4. I am a birch tree. They call me the forest beauty because...
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Educational and educational complex "School of Russia"
Lesson topic Forest and man
Teacher's goals
Create conditions for familiarization with environmental problems of the forest that have arisen due to human fault, with human conservation activities;
defining the boundaries of knowledge and “ignorance”;
help students develop an understanding of the role of forests in the lives of humans and nature; initial skills in searching for the necessary information and analyzing the information received;
developing interest in the subject “The World around us”
Lesson type: discovery of new knowledge
Planned educational results:
subject (scope of development and level of competence): will have the opportunity to learn to formulate and justify rules of conduct in the forest; work with a textbook, with models of studied objects and phenomena of the surrounding world.
meta-subject (components of cultural competence experience/acquired competence): will master the ability to understand the educational task of the lesson, answer questions, generalize their own ideas; listen to the interlocutor and conduct a dialogue, evaluate their achievements in the lesson; know how to join verbal communication, use the textbook.
personal : have moral consciousness and competence in solving moral problems based on personal choice; demonstrate moral feelings and moral behavior, a conscious and responsible attitude towards their own actions
Methods and forms of training : partially search, research; group, frontal, collective, individual
Equipment photographs of the forest; presentation: “Forest and Man”; herbarium
Basic Concepts Phytoncides
During the classes
I.Updating basic knowledge
1.Checking homework:
Children's messages about taiga, mixed and deciduous forests according to plan
Location on the map.
Features of nature.
Animal and plant life
(Slides 2-4)
2. Solving a crossword puzzle. (Slide 5.)
1. Which tree is a symbol of Russia? (Birch.)
2. A coniferous tree that sheds its needles. (Larch.)
3. This animal has a spotted color, “whiskers” and tufts on the ears. (Lynx.)
4. This animal can not only jump, but also fly. (Flying squirrel.)
5. Coniferous forest. (Taiga.)
6. A coniferous tree with flat needles and cones sticking up. (Fir.)
7. Lives in the wilderness of the forest, and in summer and winter he is a diligent worker, a forest carpenter with a nose. (Woodpecker.)
8. Coniferous tree with short needles located singly. (Spruce.)
9. Tree with heart-shaped leaves. (Linden.)
10. What bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine? (Kedrovka.)
11. Coniferous tree with a straight trunk yellow color. The needles are long and come in pairs. (Pine.)
Key words: SAVE THE FOREST.
II. Motivation (self-determination) for learning activities. Emotional, psychological motivational preparation of students to master educational material(Slide 6.) Reading a poem by S. Nikulina. Russian forest.
Russian forest
There's nothing sweeter
Wander and think here.
Heals, warms,
Feed the Russian forest.
And the thirst will torment -
That's a little forest guy for me
Among the thorny thickets
The fontanel will show.
I’ll bend over to him to get a drink -
And you can see everything to the bottom.
Water flows
Tasty and cold.
A rowan tree is waiting for us in the forest,
Nuts and flowers.
Fragrant raspberry
On dense bushes.
I'm looking for a mushroom clearing
I, without sparing my legs,
And if I get tired -
I'll sit down on a tree stump.
The forest loves pedestrians very much,
For them, he is completely his own.
There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere
With a green beard.
Life seems different
And my heart doesn't hurt
When over your head,
Like eternity, the forest is noisy.
(S. Nikulina.)
– What relationships is this poem talking about?
What is a forest for a person?
What are we going to talk about today? (Formulation of the lesson topic0
Entries on slide (7) “Forest and Man”
Setting the lesson goal.
III. Learning new material Work in groups: identifying the role of the forest
in the life of man and nature (Working with the textbook p. 106)
Group assignments:
1. “Experts.” What is a forest for a person? (The forest is a place of rest.)
2. “Why?” What does the word “heal” mean, heard in S. Nikulina’s poem?
3. "Researchers". Where do we buy medicines?
– Medicinal plants also grow in the forest. This means that the forest is also a pharmacy.
– Why does the forest feed? (The forest is a source of clean water and food.)
– How can a forest warm a person? (The forest is a source of fuel.)
– Look around, what things made of wood do you see? (Cabinets, tables, chairs, pencils, rulers, books and notebooks are also made of wood.)
This means that the forest is a source of wood.
– What do flowers, bushes, mushrooms, trees do in the forest?
(They grow there.)
– What about animals, insects, birds? (They live.)
This means that the forest is a home for plants, animals, and mushrooms.
– Look at how many meanings a forest has, but that's not all.
Forest is a protector of air, water bodies, and soils.
– Now open your textbooks and get acquainted with a new word for you that has great value for forests and people:phytoncides. These are substances that are secreted by plant leaves. They kill pathogenic bacteria. This is how important the forest is for humans and animals.
Summarizing the material based on the presentation. (Slides 9-15)
Presentation: “The meaning of the forest”
House for plants and animals
Source of berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants
Wood source
Protector of air, water bodies, soils
A place of rest for a person
4. – What should a person remember when entering the forest?
Rules of behavior in the forest. (Game: “Yes-no”)
When I saw the fly agaric
I'm passing by friends.
(Yes.)
The chick fell out of the nest,
We can't touch him.
(Yes.)
Who collects lingonberries?
Bush with roots
vomits.
(Not me.)
Narva lilies of the valley in the forest
For mom's holiday
I'll bring it.
(No.)
Who is walking along the path?
Don't step on bugs?
(I.)
We don't break branches,
When we walk through the forest.
(Yes.)
We saw a hedgehog
And they took him home.
(No.)
We will find the anthill
Let's watch and leave.
(Yes.)
"Researchers". Is a person always fair to the forest? Is it his fault that environmental problems in the forest arise?
Forest problems
Felling.
– What other problems does the forest have? (Showing the Red Book.)
Illegal hunting (poaching).
1. “Why” – why is the fourth one extra?
2. “Connoisseurs” - how they know the forest zone.
3. “Researchers” - solve research problems.
"Why?" What depends on each of us when we come to the forest?
– Why shouldn't you leave trash in the forest?
– Why can't you make a fire?
“Fire in the Forest” (video show)
Physical education minute .
IV. Incorporating new knowledge into the knowledge system. Practical activities.
1 Teacher's story.
– Each of us should think about how our descendants will see the forests in centuries, in millennia, and whether the forest can give them what it gives us now. After all, the forest is also a source of knowledge.
The story is based on Boris Zubkov’s book “What the Bat Suggested.”
"Autumn. Leaves wither and turn yellow. I just don’t want the leaves to part with the tree. And the wind gets stronger, tries to tear off the leaf, cold ground quit. But one leaf of the edge was bent, almost curled into a tube. A leaf tube exposes its round sides to the wind, the wind blows on it from all sides, but cannot tear it off. Why?
Let's do an experiment, guys! Grab the edges of a piece of paper and lift it up. The sheet will immediately bend. Roll the paper tightly into a tube. Now try to bend and break such a tube. Difficult? So the wind is powerless against a sheet bent into a tube. One day a man saw such a leaf. And he conceived a bridge across the river, also like a leaf-tube. A large bridge, a thousand meters long. The resulting bridge is very strong. Because it looked like a leaf of wood, rolled into a strong, rigid tube.”
These are the discoveries nature suggested to man and awakened his creative thought.
This means that nature (forest) is a source of knowledge
2.Complete tasks from electronic application to the textbook.
Everything depends on you and me. We must take care of the forest and protect it. So let's turn to our descendants with the same request to protect and preserve the forest - our wealth, our lungs of the planet, our beauty.
On pieces of paper, write down the rules of behavior in the forest and your wishes for your descendants.
3. Rules of conduct in the forest. (Generalization) Slide 22)
4. Creative work come up with conventional signs to the rules of behavior in the forest.
V. Lesson summary.
Reflection Summarizing the information received during the lesson.
Closing conversation. Grading
The bell is ringing
The lesson is over,
And the plan was completed.
Thanks guys,
Huge to you
For being persistent
And they worked together!
– Did you like the lesson?
– How do you evaluate your work and the work of the class in the lesson?
VI. Homework (Slide 23)
– Find answers to questions:
1. Why doesn’t the Earth run out of oxygen?
2. What benefits does the forest bring to people?
3. What benefits do birds bring?
4. How should a person behave in the forest?
5. How can schoolchildren take part in forest protection?
6. What advice would you give to those camping outdoors in the forest?
Class: 4
Presentation for the lesson
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Lesson objectives:
- To form in students an idea of the role of forests in the life of man and nature; to familiarize with the environmental problems of the forest that have arisen due to human fault, with the conservation activities of people in the forest zone.
- Develop cognitive interest.
- To cultivate respect and love for nature, a culture of behavior.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
S. Pogorelsky
Hello forest, dense forest,
Full of fairy tales and miracles!
What are you making noise about in the leaves?
On a dark, stormy night?
What are you whispering at dawn?
Who is hiding in your wilderness?
What kind of animal? What bird?
Open everything, don’t hide:
You see, we are our own! Slide 1
II. Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.
– Why did we start our lesson with a poem by S. Pogorelsky?
(This is a poem about the forest. The forest reveals all its secrets to us with pleasure. It gives us miracles, and we must take care of it.)
– Who should take care of the forest (People should do this.)
The topic of our lesson: “Forest and man.”
Today we will talk about the role of forests in the life of man and nature; Let's get acquainted with the environmental problems of the forest that arose due to human fault, with the protective activities of people in the forest zone.
III. Testing knowledge and skills.
1.Frontal work./At the same time, work on cards is underway./ Annex 1 .
– What do you know about the forest zone? Give a detailed description of the location of the forest zone on the map and tell about natural conditions that have developed there.
(The forest zone is located south of the zone tundra It is marked in green on the map. The forest zone is located in temperate zone, which means that all four seasons of the year are clearly expressed, Cold winter and warm summer. The forest zone is mostly located on the East European and West Siberian plains, as well as on the Central Siberian Plateau. This natural area is the largest. In this natural area three parts: the largest part is the taiga. It is painted dark green. There are also mixed forests – also green, but lighter. And another part - deciduous forests, green color even lighter.)
2. Group work.
Questions for nerds:
1st Group of Botanists
Help card:
- What is called taiga?
- Natural conditions of the taiga.
- What do all taiga plants have in common?
- What plants grow in the taiga?
(Taiga is coniferous forest. It occupies most of the forest area. Winters in the taiga are cold, and summers are warmer than in the tundra, so trees that are not very demanding of heat grow here - these are coniferous trees. Coniferous trees have leaves that are needles, and they are always green. These are tall trees with powerful roots. In the taiga grow: spruce, pine, fir, larch, cedar pine. Slide 2
Spruce - known to everyone Christmas tree. The Christmas tree's needles are short, rough, arranged singly and densely covering the branches. The cones have an oblong shape. Long-lived spruces. The spruce forest is dark and humid. Slide 3
Pine is a coniferous tree with a smooth yellow trunk. Pine needles are long and sit in pairs. Pine cones have a round shape. The pine forests are light and dry.
Fir differs from spruce in that its needles are flat, and its cones stick up, and even mature ones do not fall to the ground, but scales simply fall off them.
Larch is the only coniferous tree that sheds its needles in the winter.
Cedar pine is popularly called Siberian cedar. Its needles are collected in bunches of five, and the seeds are pine nuts.
II group of botanists
Help card:
- Location of mixed and deciduous forests.
- Natural conditions in these forests.
- What unites the plants of these forests?
- What plants grow in these forests?
To the south the taiga comes to be replaced mixed forest. In it, along with coniferous trees Alder, birch, and aspen trees grow. Winter in such a forest is milder. Deciduous trees have medium-sized leaves, which they shed for the winter. Slide 4
Birch can be recognized by its bark, it is white; no other tree that reproduces by seeds has such bark. Slide 5
Aspen has rounded leaves, and they tremble with every breath of wind, the aspen bark is greenish, and in the spring you can see long fluffy catkins.
Alder has small dark cones on the branches, the trunk is black or gray. Closer to the south, the zone becomes even warmer, and mixed forests are replaced by broad-leaved ones, in which large trees grow, shed their leaves for the winter, and reproduce by seeds.
The oak can be recognized by its mighty trunk and carved leaves; the fruits of the oak are acorns.
Linden has heart-shaped leaves. In summer, when the linden blossoms, it spreads a wonderful aroma. Linden fruits are dark nuts, sitting in several pieces under one wing.
Elm can be recognized by its leaves and fruits: the leaves at the base are “lopsided”, one half is larger than the other, the fruits are winged, rounded nuts. Slide 6
Maple can be Norway, Tatarian and American. The fruits of all maple species are winged.
Zoologists
Help card:
- Birds of the taiga, what unites them.
- Animals of the taiga, what unites them.
- Fauna of mixed and broad-leaved forest.
Diverse animal world forest zone: here you can find large and small animals, insects. In the taiga live: nutcracker, chipmunk, flying squirrel, sable. Also living in the forest zone are: red deer, elk, bear, wolves, foxes, lynxes, hares, squirrels, wood grouse, chipmunks, voles. There are no borders for animals - they live throughout the entire zone. Some animals go into hibernation for the winter (hedgehogs, bears), others make supplies for the winter.
The nutcracker is a taiga bird that makes provisions for the winter from pine nuts. Slide 7
The flying squirrel is a relative of the squirrel, but smaller. She can not only jump, but also fly: she has membranes between her front and hind legs. Slide 8
The brown bear is an omnivorous animal, very mobile, can run quickly, jump, climb trees, and swim.
Elk is a forest giant. In different seasons of the year, moose consume different quantities food. In winter they form groups.
The lynx is a predator and has a spotted color. There are sideburns on the sides of the head, and tufts on the ears. The lynx, hiding, waits for the prey and quietly creeps up to it.
The white hare changes color for the winter, becomes white, only the tips of the ears are black, and the fur becomes thick. These are careful animals.
3. Blitz tournament“I know the forest.”
(Coniferous)
– Name the tree: “Tall, slender, with yellowish-reddish or brown bark.
The branches are only at the top. The needles are long and arranged in pairs. The cones are small and round.” (Pine)
– What special difference does larch have? (Drops needles)
– What bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine? (Kedrovka)
– Which tree is a symbol of Russia? (Birch)
– This animal can not only jump, but also fly. (Flying squirrel)
– What tree are acorns the fruit of? (Oak fruit)
– Which animal has five black stripes on its back? (Chipmunk)
– Which tree of the broad-leaved forest, when flowering, spreads a wonderful aroma around? (Linden)
– Recognize the animal by its description: “Loves dark forests, quietly creeps up to the prey, has a spotted color, “whiskers” and tufts on the ears? (Lynx)
– What forest do we call taiga?
IV. Working with a new theme
S. Nikulina “Russian Forest” Slide 9
| There's nothing sweeter Wander and think here. Heals, warms, Feed the Russian forest. |
I'm looking for a mushroom clearing I, without sparing my legs, And if I get tired - I'll sit down on a tree stump. |
| And the thirst will torment you, That's a little forest guy for me Among the thorny thickets The fontanel will show. |
The forest loves pedestrians very much, For them, he is completely his own. There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere With a green beard. |
| I’ll bend over to him to get a drink - And you can see everything to the bottom. Water flows, Tasty and cold. |
Life seems different And my heart doesn't hurt When over your head, Like eternity, the forest is noisy. |
| Rowan trees are waiting for us in the forest, Nuts and flowers, Fragrant raspberry On dense bushes. |
– What relationships is this poem talking about?
(Between man and forest)
– What is a forest for a person?
The forest is a place of rest for a person, because “there is nothing nicer for a person to wander and think here”...
Resting-place
– Why forest-pharmacy? (There are many medicinal plants in the forest. Fresh air also heals.)
- In the forest, a person finds food for himself - these are berries, nuts, mushrooms, clean water: “it will feed the Russian forest”, “I bent down to drink from it...”
Source of clean water and food
How can a forest warm a person? (A man heats a house with firewood. And firewood is trees that grew in the forest.)
– This means that the forest is a source of fuel for humans.
Fuel source
– Look around, what things made of wood do you see?
– What awaits a person in the forest? Find it in the poem. “Rowan berries, nuts and flowers, fragrant raspberries on dense bushes are waiting for us in the forest. I’m looking for a clearing of mushrooms, sparing no effort...”
– What do flowers, bushes, mushrooms do in the forest? (They grow there.)
– What is the forest for them?
– For whom else is the forest home? (For birds, animals, bugs, spiders, worms.)
– This means that the forest is also a home for plants, animals, and mushrooms.
House for plants, animals, mushrooms
– Look how many meanings the forest has, but that’s not all!
Article “The role of forests in nature and people’s lives”
– What roles does the forest play? Forest plants produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. The forest clears the air of dust. Phytoncides kill pathogenic bacteria.
– What is the forest for the air? (Defender)
– What else is the forest a protector for? (Reservoirs and soils).
Protector of air, water bodies and soils
– How does a forest protect water bodies? (The forest feeds the rivers, the rivers do not become shallow)
– How does the forest protect the soil? (The forest protects the soil from the wind, and the roots of plants prevent the soil from being destroyed)
The forest is a home, a protector, a source, a pharmacy, a place of rest. Slide10
– Is a person always fair to the forest?
Is it his fault that environmental problems in the forest arise?
Listen to N. Nekrasov’s poem and think about what environmental problem is being discussed:
Sasha cried as the forest was cut down,
Even now she feels sorry for him to the point of tears.
There were so many curly birches here!
There because of the old frowning spruce
The red clusters of viburnum looked out.
A young oak tree rose there,
Birds reigned in the top of the forest,
All sorts of animals were lurking below.
Suddenly men with axes appeared.
The forest rang, groaned, and crackled.
The hare listened and ran away. Slide 11
– What environmental problem is discussed in the poem? ? (About deforestation)
– People thought that there were so many forests that it was impossible to cut them down. Now it has become clear: the forests are in danger! The girl Sasha from Nekrasov’s poem also understood this; she felt sorry for the birds and animals left without a home.
– How does this problem make you feel?
– You are not indifferent to the fate of the forest, you are concerned about the problem that has arisen - this means that you will look for ways to solve it.
– Man has long killed animals to get food, but this was necessary for the survival of people, and they killed no more than they could eat. Now, excessive hunting has led to the complete or almost complete extermination of some animal species. Currently, forest animals are restricted and poaching is punishable by law. Many species of rare animals are taken under protection, and plants and animals listed in the Red Book are under special protection. The following are listed in the Red Book:
beetles – crosotel beetle, relic woodcutter, stag beetle; Slide12
plants - ginseng, lady's slipper; Slide 13
birds – eagle owl, mandarin duck; Slide 14
animals - bison, Amur tiger. Slide 15
– Nature reserves have been created in the forest zone. You will learn about one of them by reading the section in the textbook on pages 112, 113 “Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve”.
V. Physical education minute.
Hands raised and shook -
These are trees in the forest.
Arms bent, hands shaken -
The wind blows away the dew.
Let's wave our hands to the sides, smoothly -
These are the birds flying towards us.
Let us show you how they sit down quietly -
The wings were folded back.
VI. Work on the topic.
Continue studying a new topic.
“We also have to figure out what depends on each of us.” Listen to Sukhomlinsky's story “Ashamed of the Nightingale.”
Olya and Lida, little girls, went into the forest. Tired of the journey, we sat down to rest and have lunch. They took bread, butter, and eggs out of the bag. When the girls had already finished dinner, a nightingale began to sing not far from them. Fascinated by the beautiful singing, Olya and Lida sat, afraid to move. The nightingale stopped singing. Olya collected the remains of her food and scraps of paper and threw them under a bush. Lida wrapped eggshells and bread crumbs in newspaper and put the bag in her bag.
“Why do you take garbage with you?” said Olya. Throw it under a bush. After all, we are in the forest, no one will see!
“I’m ashamed in front of the nightingale,” Lida answered quietly.
– Whose behavior in the forest do you think is correct?
– If everyone acts like Olya, the forest will turn into a dump. You know that plastic and glass objects do not rot even in the ground. While food waste and paper can be buried in the forest, cans, glass and plastic bottles should never be left in the forest. And animals can be injured by fragments of broken bottles. I would like to talk about one more action of a person.
V. Shefner “Forest Fire” Slide 16
Forgetful hunter at rest
I didn’t sweep it away, I didn’t trample the fire.
He went into the forest, and the branches burned out
And they reluctantly smoked until the morning...
And in the morning the wind dispersed the fogs,
And the dying fire came to life.
And, throwing sparks in the middle of the clearing,
He spread out his crimson rags.
He burned all the grass and flowers together,
He burned the bushes, green Forest let's go.
Like a frightened flock of red squirrels,
He darted from trunk to trunk.
And the forest was buzzing with a fiery blizzard,
The trunks fell with a frosty crack,
And like snowflakes, sparks flew from them
Above the gray drifts of ash.
– What human act became a terrible disaster for the forest?
- But this might not have happened if the person had followed the rules for making a fire and had not forgotten to extinguish it and make sure that the fire would not flare up again.
Reading the memo (p. 111 textbook).
– Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of conduct in the forest?
– At home, come up with and draw signs that would reflect human actions that are dangerous to the forest.
What are these actions?
- Cutting down trees on the banks of reservoirs.
- Piles of garbage. Left by a person after work.
- Forest pollution from household waste.
- Making fires.
– What should people remember when coming to the forest?
– Of course, each of us should think about how our descendants will see the forests in a century, in a millennium, and whether the forest will be able to give them what it gives us now. Slide 17
VIII. Summing up the lesson.
– Name the significance of the forest for humans.
IX. Homework.
Textbook (P.106-113).
Notebook (p.35).
Draw signs that would reflect human actions that are dangerous to the forest.
Forests purify the air, keep rivers full, and protect soils from wind and water flows. People admire the beauty of the forest, relax in it, pick mushrooms, berries, and medicinal plants. In the forests there are plants and animals included in the Red Book of Russia. Caring attitude to the forest is the responsibility of every person!
Think and write down what role the forest plays in your life.
The forest is the main protector of the air, thanks to it I breathe clean air. It is also a vacation spot for me and my family.
Make a diagram based on the diagram in the textbook (The world around us, grade 4, p. 103), replacing the text with drawings and symbols.
Think about what environmental problems of forest zones are expressed by these signs. Formulate and write down.
Suggest conservation measures for class discussion that would help solve these problems.
Continue filling out the poster “Red Book of Russia”, which was drawn by Seryozha and Nadya’s dad. Find the plants and animals of forest zones on the poster and write their names.
Lady's slipper, ginseng, beauty beetle, relic woodcutter, stag beetle, mandarin duck, eagle owl, bison, Amur tiger 
Come up with and draw symbols for the rules in the textbook (p. 107). Using these signs as a guide, talk about the rules for starting a fire.
How to make a fire
|
Children should not make a fire alone, without their elders |
A fire is needed to cook food or keep warm. You can't dilute it unnecessarily. |
|
 |
You need to carefully choose a place for a fire. There should be nothing nearby that could catch fire. |
 |
It is better to make a fire in an old fire pit. If it is not there, you need to remove the turf (a layer of soil with plants) with a shovel and build a fire in the resulting hole. |
 |
When leaving, be sure to extinguish the fire: fill it with water or cover it with sand, and put the turf back in place. |
Here you can make notes for your messages about one of the forest plants or animals included in the Red Book of Russia(according to the instructions of the textbook, p. 108).
Post subject: Lady's slipper
Message plan:
1) Description of the plant
2) Why is it called that?
3) Where does it grow?
4) Features of the plant and Interesting Facts
Important information for message:
Lady's slipper is a plant of the orchid family. Plants from the genus Lady's slipper can be called one of the most beautiful flowers of the taiga. The name of the plant, “Venus’s slipper,” comes from ancient times. IN old legend it is said that once the goddess of beauty Venus, fleeing from her pursuer, hid in northern forests among marshy swamps and dark, tall trees. Suddenly, the beautiful Venus stumbled, and the golden shoe with red satin ribbons flew off her foot and turned into a beautiful flower.
But the flower of the lady’s slipper is really very similar to the graceful slipper of a beauty. That’s why people called it “the Mother of God’s boots,” “Maryin’s slipper,” and “cuckoo’s slipper.”
The lady's slipper blooms for a long time, almost a month. But the Lady's slipper does not favor herbivorous forest animals. To avoid being eaten by moose or hares, it accumulates a bitter, toxic substance in its leaves. This substance is a real protective agent.
IN folk medicine This flower is popular as a sedative for insomnia. It is also used for headaches.
Source(s) of information: Internet, encyclopedia
Teacher- Shishlova Maria Vasilievna, teacher primary classes
Educational institution – Municipal government educational institution “Teguldet Secondary School”
Item – the world
Class- fourth
Subject–Forest and man
Lesson duration- 45 minutes
Lesson Objectives: To form in students an idea of the role of the forest in the life of man and nature, to familiarize them with the environmental problems of the forest that have arisen due to human fault, to cultivate respect and love for nature, a culture of behavior;
develop logical thinking, the ability to analyze and draw conclusions;
organize group work on modeling the relationship between forests and humans;
help children draw up and remember rules of conduct in the forest;
develop communication skills during group work.
Equipment: textbook “The World Around Us” by A.A. Pleshakov; multimedia support; audio recordings of songs, pictures of plants and animals
During the classes
1.Organizational moment,message of the topic, lesson objectives
The song “Forest March” sounds (lyrics by Sinyavsky, music by Yu. Chichkov)
Why did we start our lesson with this song? (this song talks about the taiga, children walk under cedars and pines. And about birch trees that must be protected)
Who should protect the forest?
Which of you can name the topic of our lesson? (Forest and man)
Today in class we will continue our conversation about the life of the forest. We will talk about the role of forests in nature and people's lives, about the use of forests and their protection.
2. Checking homework
Front work
Before moving on to studying a new topic, let's find out what you know about the forest zone. Show its location on the map and tell us about the natural conditions that developed there.
What plants and animals would you like to tell your friends about?
(listening to messages prepared at home)
Whose message did you like best and why?
Blitz tournament “I know the forest”
What forest do we call taiga? (coniferous)
Name the tree: “Tall, slender, with yellowish-reddish or brown bark. The branches are only at the top. The needles are long and arranged in pairs. Cones are small, round” (pine)
What special difference does larch have? (drops needles)
What bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine? (nutcracker)
Which tree is the symbol of Russia? (birch)
This animal can not only jump, but also fly. (flying squirrel)
Acorns are the fruit of which tree? (oak)
Which animal has five black stripes on its back? (chipmunk)
What tree of the broad-leaved forest spreads a wonderful aroma around when it blooms? (Linden)
Recognize the animal by its description: “Loves dark forests, quietly creeps up to the prey, has a spotted color, “whiskers” and tufts on the ears? (lynx)
Individual work on cards (4-5 students):
1 task: determine which trees these seeds and cones belong to? (the cards show images of seeds and cones of trees in the forest zone);
Task 2: write two food chains that have developed in the forest zone;
Task 3: visual dictation: connect with arrows the trees and the forest in which they grow:
| mixed forest |
|
| Larch | broadleaf forest |
3. Learning new material
Reading the poem “Russian Forest” by S. Nikulina
There's nothing sweeter
Wander and think here.
Heals, warms,
Feed the Russian forest.
And the thirst will torment -
That's a little forest guy for me
Among the thorny thickets
The fontanel will show.
I’ll bend over to him to get a drink -
And you can see everything to the bottom.
Water flows,
Tasty and cold.
Rowan trees are waiting for us in the forest,
Nuts and flowers,
Fragrant raspberry
On dense bushes.
I'm looking for a mushroom clearing
I, without sparing my legs,
And if I get tired -
I'll sit down on a tree stump.
The forest loves pedestrians very much,
For them, he is completely his own.
There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere
With a green beard.
Life seems different
And my heart doesn't hurt
When over your head,
Like eternity, the forest is noisy.
What relationships is this poem talking about? (The poem talks about the relationship between man and the forest.)
This poem will help us figure out what the forest is for humans. Read it again to yourself.
(Independent reading of the poem)
So what is a forest for a person?
We will try to look at this topic through the eyes of people different professions. (children are divided into three groups: biologists, ecologists, doctors)
Work in groups.
Children prove the relationship between man and forest. A slide show is running at the same time.
Doctors.
Why forest pharmacy? (There are many medicinal plants in the forest. Forest air also heals. In the forest a person finds food for himself - these are berries, nuts, mushrooms, clean water.)
What role does the forest play in human life and health? (The forest is a place of rest for humans, as well as a source of clean food and water.)
Biologists.
What awaits a person in the forest?
What are rowan berries, nuts, and flowers doing in the forest?
What is the forest for them?
For whom is the forest still home?
This means that the forest is also a home for plants, animals, and mushrooms.
Ecologists.
What is forest to air? (The forest is a protector of air, water bodies and soils.)
How do forests protect water bodies? (Where the forest grows, the river does not become shallow.)
Problematic situation.
Recording on the slide:
Wood - durable nature education. Forests have existed on earth for hundreds, thousands of years. Nothing and no one can destroy the forest.
Do you agree with this statement? (children prove their answers)
Is a person always fair to the forest?
Is it his fault that environmental problems in the forest arise?
Listen to another poem and think about what environmental problem it is talking about.
N. Nekrasov.
Sasha cried as the forest was cut down,
Even now she feels sorry for him to the point of tears.
There were so many curly birches here!
There because of the old frowning spruce
The red clusters of viburnum looked out.
A young oak tree rose there,
Birds reigned in the top of the forest,
All sorts of animals were lurking below.
Suddenly men with axes appeared.
The forest rang, groaned, and crackled.
The hare listened and ran away.
So, what environmental problem is the poem talking about? (Deforestation)
Look at how wood harvesting is currently going on. (Slide show)
If earlier the forest was cut down as needed, with the help of an ax, now only stumps remain after the loggers. People thought that there were so many forests that it was impossible to cut them down. Now it has become clear: the forest is in danger! This is what the girl Sasha understood from Nekrasov’s poem; she felt sorry for the birds and animals left without a home.
How does this photo make you feel?
This photo evokes different feelings, but I’m glad that you care about the fate of the forest.
Physical exercise.
Hands raised and shook -
These are trees in the forest.
Arms bent, hands shaken -
The wind blows away the dew.
Let's wave our hands to the sides, smoothly -
These are the birds flying towards us.
Let us show you how they sit down quietly -
The wings were folded back.
Listen to Sukhomlinsky's story “Ashamed of the Nightingale.”
Student reads:
Olya and Lida, little girls, went into the forest. Tired of the journey, we sat down to rest and have lunch. They took bread, butter, and eggs out of the bag. When the girls had already finished dinner, a nightingale began to sing not far from them. Fascinated by the beautiful singing, Olya and Lida sat, afraid to move. The nightingale stopped singing. Olya collected the remains of her food and scraps of paper and threw them under a bush. Lida wrapped the eggshells and bread crumbs in newspaper and put the bag in her bag.
- Why do you take trash with you? - Olya said. - Throw it under the bush. After all, we are in the forest, no one will see!
“I’m ashamed of the nightingale,” Lida answered quietly.
Whose behavior in the forest do you think is correct?
What other forest problems do you know?
(Air pollution and fires)
You already know that plastic and glass objects do not rot even in the ground. If food waste and paper can be buried in the forest, then cans and glass bottles should never be left in the forest, and animals can be injured by the fragments of broken bottles. (show a slide with photographs of unauthorized landfills outside our village, etc.)
What human act became a terrible disaster for the forest? (slide show)
But this might not have happened if the person had followed the rules for making a fire and had not forgotten to put it out.
Work in groups.
At the same time, a slide is shown.
Doctors, biologists and ecologists now have to tell us what can happen if people do not take care of the forest and its riches.
Doctors.
When the air is polluted by factory pipes, clean air There will be less and less left in nature. There will be more sick people.
Biologists.
Due to the lack of clean air, plant growth will be disrupted and animals will disappear.
Ecologists.
There will be no place left for people to rest. The source of Chita water and food will disappear from the face of the earth. Human health will be affected. And this ecological catastrophy!
Rules of behavior in the forest
The forest is our wealth. Forests are “the lungs of our planet.”
Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in the forest?
What rules do you know?
(Children's answers)
Show the slide, read the rules.
Conclusion: Of course, each of us should think about how our descendants will see the forests in a century, in a millennium, and whether the forest will be able to give them what it is now giving us.
4. Lesson summary.
Our experts helped us in the lesson to determine the interaction between man and forest.
What new things have you learned about yourself?
Our planet is depicted on the board ( white) . Look how lonely and cold she is. Our specialists will now place their symbols on the planet. (Children place symbols: animals, plants).
And now our planet has become elegant and beautiful. And all this depends on the person (an image of a person is placed in the middle). And of course from you and me.
Last slide.
Reading a poem.
Tree, grass, flower and bird
They don't always know how to defend themselves.
If they are destroyed,
We will be alone on the planet.
5 .Homework.
Task in workbook p.36 No. 4
Draw signs calling to protect nature.