Location of the 15th separate brigade electronic warfare, or military unit 71615 is the village of Stroitel Tambov region. The unit's activities are aimed at protecting troops' command and control systems from enemy attacks and reducing the effectiveness of their actions. Feature electronic warfare troops is that they do not come into combat contact with the enemy, and strikes only in virtual space and radio air.
The main types of electronic warfare are electronic suppression of enemy signals and electronic defense against them. The impact is carried out using electromagnetic fields of special installations. Radio interference at the enemy frequency is created by active (jamming stations and transmitters) and passive (working on the principle of reflection) means.
The predecessor of the brigade was the 225th separate regiment electronic warfare (military unit 64055), created in 2009. At that time, he was stationed in the city of Novomoskovsk, Tula region. In 2011, the unit was reorganized, all military equipment and signal tracking consoles were transported to Tambov, to the territory of military unit 71615. In April 2011, the regiment was given the name 15 separate electronic warfare brigade, awarded battle banner and other regalia.
Chevron 15th OBrREBThe village where the brigade is based is known among the local population as “Infantry” - the Tambov Infantry School was founded here (1932). Currently the premises educational institution allocated for barracks, administrative buildings and classrooms of such a unit as military unit 71615.
As for the conditions of service, conscript and contract soldiers live in comfortable, crew-type dormitories. There are separate accommodation buildings for contract soldiers and conscripts. Each barracks has four common showers, a rest room and a sports area. Civilian personnel are responsible for maintaining equipment and cleaning the external territory and barracks premises. Military personnel are used for the above-mentioned duties only on park and maintenance day on Saturdays.
Field exercises last about a month and are usually held at the Triguliai training ground. The exercises can take place jointly with cadets of the 1084th Interservice Training Center and combat use electronic warfare troops.
Cooking and catering is also entrusted to civilian outsourcing. Meals are served on a queuing system and are organized as a buffet (several dishes to choose from). Officers and soldiers eat in the same room. Every day, a doctor from the medical unit monitors the quality of food. In addition to the dining room, the garrison has a tea room.
According to eyewitnesses, there is no hazing, since the unit belongs to authorized units, and soldiers are physically examined every day.
The unit is currently being re-equipped, and those wishing to enter the contract service are subject to the following requirements:
Before starting military service, conscripts undergo a young fighter course (about 1 month), and then take the oath. Relatives and friends of the employee of military unit 71615 are allowed to come to this event. Soldiers are allowed to leave after taking the oath only on the security of the passport of their parents or wife. Relatives coming to the oath should know that it is held on Saturday at 9.00 am, but they should arrive at the checkpoint already at 8.00 and do not forget to take warm clothes for themselves and the serviceman.
The rest of the time, leaves of absence are issued to fighters upon application. It must be written on Thursday addressed to the unit commander, because... The dismissal order is signed on Friday. If the leave is denied, you can meet with the serviceman at the checkpoint of the unit (a special room is allocated for meetings).
Communication with relatives by mobile phone is allowed only on weekends. Soldiers deposit their phones with the company commander, and their receipt is noted in the log. From mobile operators They recommend MTS (“Call Mom” or “Super 0” tariff) or Megafon (“It’s simple”).
Soldiers of military unit 71615 receive their allowances on a VTB-24 card. The ATM is located at the checkpoint part. Contract employees are entitled to payments twice a month, and conscript soldiers - once. You can top up your VTB-24 card like this:
Sick soldiers of military unit 71615 are sent to the infirmary, and from there to the garrison military hospital (branch No. 9 of the 1586th district military hospital), designed for 150 beds. Visitors can visit the soldier daily from 10.00 to 19.00. A one-time pass is issued to a visitor only upon presentation of a passport.
How to repel an enemy air raid without firing a single missile? How important is a sense of proportion when organizing communications and command and control? And why is the computer in the hands of a soldier with higher education Could it be worse than a machine gun? The “Defend Russia” correspondent was told about this and much more at the Tambov Center for Training Electronic Warfare Troops.
In the second half of the twentieth century, electronic warfare (EW) units began to appear in the armies of the leading countries of the world. For decades, their main tasks have been to suppress enemy radio communication systems, as well as navigation, reconnaissance and destruction systems using radars.
Members of the Russian Armed Forces, like their foreign colleagues, carry out this work in three main directions - air, sea and land, and if necessary, they can also extinguish signals coming from space satellites. The competence of electronic warfare officers also includes countering technical intelligence in information networks, however this area their service is one of the most closed, so it’s difficult to say for sure.
Commanders and operators of electronic warfare systems are now being trained at the unique Russian center for the training and combat use of electronic warfare troops in Tambov. Over one and a half thousand specialists, from soldier-operators to company commanders, undergo training annually.
Conscripts are trained according to a five-month program, during which time soldiers learn to handle complex equipment, to a certain extent comprehend the theory of electronic warfare, and also practice skills on simulators and real combat systems. Military training contract service- as a rule, these are people with average technical education- somewhat shorter: depending on the tasks, the training cycle lasts from ten days to three months. During the longest cycle, contract soldiers are trained to become heads of radio jamming stations. Officers also undergo three months of training, after which they are certified for the position of platoon or electronic warfare company commander.
Photo: Grigory Milenin/Defend Russia
For practical training at the Tambov Electronic Warfare Center they are actively using combat systems radio reconnaissance and suppression, as well as computer simulators. The Center’s specialists demonstrated to journalists the work of two of them - a training version of the Torn-MDM-U radio monitoring complex and a hardware and software analogue of the ground-based jamming station control complex AKUP-1.
The training class of the Torn-MDM-U simulator resembles an office of an IT company rather than a military facility - vertical blinds on the windows, a dozen modern computers at wide tables and not a single familiar poster with visual aids on the walls. All necessary drawings and the lesson leader displays the graphics through a projector on a large white screen.
Photo: Grigory Milenin/Defend Russia
This is where contract workers work. Groups of numbers and abbreviations change on the monitors, understandable only to the electronic warfare officers themselves, the cursor slowly crawls along the graph of the intercepted signal, icons and lines appear and disappear on the map of the area. The work of the students is monitored by the head of the cycle, Major Karpenko. From time to time he looks into a separate room behind a glass wall, where two military men are working with radio equipment.
Everything is serious here - displays in metal cases, instrument panels that are clearly for military purposes, several radio stations of different bands. A continuous Morse code signal beeps from the speakers. As the class leader explained, in a large class, students decide combat missions, simulated on a computer, and at this position the operators work with live broadcast.
Photo: Grigory Milenin/Defend Russia
In the next class, AKUP-1 calculations are trained. As the Center's specialists explained, this complex is designed to counter the on-board radars of enemy strike aircraft. For example, in the event of a raid front-line bombers at our object, the combat crew of the complex will “extinguish” their locators with a directed radio signal, the target will literally disappear from the radar screens. Aircraft crews are unlikely to dare to break through to visual contact with the target - the risk of being torn apart by missile and artillery fire from air defense systems is too great.
The AKUP-1 simulator is completely virtual; the operational environment is created by a computer. Workplaces for all levels are equipped here, from command post battalion or company to the jamming station. At the controls are military personnel, both officers and non-commissioned officers. The leader of the training demonstrated to the “Defend Russia” correspondent the work of one of the military men: “This complex is capable of detecting a radar station (radar) combat aircraft over the entire altitude range. Depending on the operating mode of the radar—transmitting missile control signals, emitting side-scan radar, or scanning the terrain when flying at low altitudes—the target is given its priority. The student’s task is to identify from the variety of air targets the one that has characteristic radiation, and to adequately assess the degree of its threat.”
Photo: Grigory Milenin/Defend Russia
By the fall of this year, a new unit will appear at the Tambov electronic warfare training center - . The special military formation, already the ninth in the Russian Armed Forces, will be staffed by graduates of technical universities. During the year, conscripts with diplomas will engage in scientific research, testing new and modernizing existing electronic warfare, radio intelligence, and information security systems.
To date, eight Russian technical universities have announced their intention to send their graduates to serve in the Tambov scientific company, including the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, a long-time supplier of technical personnel for the army and defense industry. All applicants face a tough and impartial selection process, but specialists also have their own preferences.
Photo: Grigory Milenin/Defend Russia
Thus, the Center is interested in recruiting graduates of the Tambov State technical university(TSTU). The reasons are objective: among the university teachers there are many former officers of the Center who simultaneously have scientific titles and practical experience work with electronic warfare equipment. In addition, the Revtrud enterprise is located in Tambov, which produces this equipment, and organizes introductory classes for students of specialized faculties of TSTU. Finally, a manufacturer of high-tech military products is interested in having technicians who have studied standard samples, after the army they began to develop promising technology.
At the same time, the recruitment of ordinary conscripts requires some improvement. According to officers of the Center, some military registration and enlistment offices staff it on a residual basis, which sometimes results in the conscription of soldiers who are not suitable for service in electronic warfare units.
Photo: Grigory Milenin/Defend Russia
In addition to combat training of military personnel, specialists from the Tambov Electronic Warfare Center are engaged in research work. Among its directions is the applied study of the military-technical capabilities of the armed forces of foreign states. Sometimes the analysis of the information received gives very interesting results. Thus, after studying data from publicly available sources on the Internet, the Center’s researchers found a potential vulnerability in the US Army’s modernized communications system.
As Anatoly Balyukov, head of the testing and methodological department, said, today the US military is replacing communications equipment in the troops with AN/PRC-100 and AN/PRC-150 radio stations. Their distinctive feature is the ability to network according to the principle of IP addressing, and “any soldier will be able to reach the president.”
Photo: Grigory Milenin/Defend Russia
No doubt - global character radio communications provides the broadest opportunities in the theater of military operations. But there is also back side, Balyukov noted. Any global information network has its own vulnerabilities that can be exploited by someone else. Therefore, when creating such systems, it is important not to lose a sense of proportion. But in this matter, our overseas partners lost it. Let us add on our own behalf - as in many other things.
Based on the results of the analysis of the use of samples in Syria military equipment Supreme Commander-in-Chief Vladimir Putin asked the military department in 2017 to continue developing precision weapons, modern means communications, intelligence, control and electronic warfare.
Electronic warfare (EW)
is a set of agreed measures and actions for:
Electronic damage to enemy radio-electronic objects (functional damage; electronic damage; damage by radiation homing weapons),
Information support (collection, analysis and synthesis of data on the radio-electronic situation; technical reconnaissance of enemy radio-electronic objects; comprehensive technical monitoring of the condition and protection of one’s own objects from technical means of reconnaissance),
Electronic defense (protection from electronic means of destruction; protection from unintentional interference (ensuring electromagnetic compatibility); protection of troops and objects from technical reconnaissance equipment).
The troop and weapons control system makes it possible to implement the principles of conducting network-centric wars, implying a transition from the territorial concentration of forces to their functional (information) integration. Naturally, this increases the role of electronic warfare and increases its capabilities (potentially reducing the enemy’s combat power by three times).
Taking into account the state of electronic warfare equipment produced for the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, it is customary to talk about integrated electronic warfare systems, combining about 50 different complexes and means for various purposes (see table). Wherein main problem is the creation of a unified information space for electronic warfare equipment.
The most classified in the entire arsenal of Russian electronic warfare equipment Until recently there was a jamming station "Krasukha-2". It seems that at present the palm has passed to the Murmansk-BN communication line suppression station, capable of jamming more than two dozen frequencies at a range of up to 5 thousand kilometers. However, there is reliable evidence that the newest complex has such characteristics, no. Judging by the photographs available in open sources (several four-axle off-road trucks with multi-meter towers), where, in addition to the main antennas, characteristic low-frequency guy antennas are visible, it can be assumed that this complex is capable of jamming signals in the range from 200 to 500 MHz. The coastal complex "Murmansk-BN" even outwardly bears little resemblance to what is used to protect and counter the enemy ground troops RF. Some experts, commenting on information about the combat duty of these complexes in the Russian army, note that in the case of "Murmansk-BN" we're talking about on electronic countermeasures strategic purpose. The thing is that the main task of the unique telescopic antennas and transmitters of the electronic warfare complex is to disrupt communication and control channels over vast distances.
The main directions of development of electronic warfare in the Russian Federation are as follows:
Creation of highly mobile ground-based multifunctional electronic warfare systems for zone and site protection of weapons and military equipment from electronic reconnaissance systems and destruction by guided weapons;
Creation of wide-range electronic warfare systems and means for group and individual protection of air, sea and ground-based weapons and military equipment;
Development of means of radio-electronic suppression of radio-electronic equipment (RES) with complex broadband signals, including those with quickly tunable (from pulse to pulse) parameters;
Development of means of electronic suppression of multi-position systems for radar reconnaissance, target designation and weapon control;
Increasing the accuracy of executive electronic reconnaissance to determine the location of emitting objects.
Main domestic manufacturers of electronic warfare equipment (market share):
JSC "Concern "Radioelectronic Technologies"", KRET (60%),
JSC "Concern "Sozvezdie"" (20%),
JSC "Central Research Radio Engineering Institute named after Academician A.I. Berg", TsNIRI (10%),
JSC "Scientific and Technical Center for Electronic Warfare", Scientific and Technical Center for Electronic Warfare (5%),
LLC "Special Technology Center" (5%).
The leading enterprise is KRET JSC. In many sectors, the concern has a virtual monopoly position on the Russian market in the supply of electronic warfare equipment with electronic reconnaissance and weapons control systems. Electronic warfare equipment and systems developed by KRET are equipped on Su-25, Su-27SM, Su-30, Su-34, Su-35, Il-76, Il-78, Il-96, Tu-214 aircraft, and Mi helicopters -8, Mi-26, Mi-28, Mi-35 and Ka-52, as well as surface ships of projects 1144, 1164, 1155, 956, 11540, 22350, 20380, 21631. The most favorable situation for the concern is developing on the market aviation complexes and electronic warfare equipment. The reasons for this, in addition to the global increase in demand for electronic warfare equipment in the world, are: 1) the expected increase in supplies of Russian aircraft(LA); 2) the projected increase in the share of aircraft supplied with electronic warfare equipment for individual and group protection; 3) purchase by foreign states of electronic warfare equipment as part of the program for modernizing their own fleet of Russian/Soviet-made aircraft.
The evolution of electronic warfare systems has accelerated sharply. At the end of the 20th century, the Ministry of Defense required a service life of 15-20 years. Today life cycle electronic warfare devices has been reduced to four to five years. Electronics is developing too quickly. Therefore, leading manufacturers are moving to modular device designs. The basis of the system, the platform, can serve for 20 years, but there are standardized modules for mounting and interface that allow you to improve the equipment by changing not the entire complex, but individual blocks. In other words: he installed a new scientifically “advanced” unit and received new opportunities!
The re-equipment of electronic warfare troops with new types of equipment is based on the results of a military-scientific justification of the composition of electronic warfare troops and proposals for the project state program weapons for the period 2018-2025. By 2020, electronic warfare troops must effectively ensure the implementation of the following tasks of the RF Armed Forces:
Disorganization of the enemy’s state and military administration (including its industrial infrastructure);
Disorganization of command and control of enemy troops (forces) and weapons in military operations of various scales and intensity;
Reducing the enemy's global space reconnaissance capabilities;
Countering missile defense systems;
Reflecting (disrupting) an enemy aerospace attack;
Protection of objects and military equipment from damage by high-precision weapons.
The main efforts to develop the weapons system of electronic warfare troops are planned to be focused on the implementation of one traditional and five innovative areas.
The innovative path of development involves, firstly, the creation of controlled radio interference fields on enemy territory using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and dropped jammers. Secondly, it is planned to create means of destroying electronic power systems electromagnetic radiation. Third; A special program intervention is being developed. Fourthly, great importance is attached to simulating the radio-electronic situation and introducing disinformation into the enemy’s system of command and control of troops and weapons. Finally, fifthly, it is planned to increase the level of information security of electronic warfare control bodies and control points.
Among specialists, the term “Intellectual suppression” has come into practice. It is based on known technologies for creating simulation (relay) interference. The peculiarity is that thanks to the placement of small-sized, low-power signal repeaters of suppressed radio-electronic equipment in the protected area and the control of these repeaters using special algorithms, it becomes possible to create a false virtual radio-electronic environment and ensure an impact on his troop and weapon control systems hidden from the enemy. The “intelligent” nature of suppression is ensured mainly due to the mathematical apparatus implemented in the system and modern communication technologies.
The practical implementation of the entire complex of planned measures to improve the electronic warfare system will predictably lead to a significant increase in the contribution of electronic warfare to gaining superiority in command and control of troops (forces) and the use of weapons. At the same time, the volume of tasks performed by electronic warfare troops in various strategic directions will increase by 2-2.5 times by 2020.
"We are proactive"
As Yuri Ivanovich Mayevsky, deputy general director JSC "Concern "Radioelectronic Technologies"" for R&D of electronic warfare equipment, general designer, "we work proactively. There are various forecasting methods, and when developing our promising systems, we model the capabilities of a conditional enemy in 2030. Of course, some uncertainty remains, and we build into our complexes an excess of capabilities capable of fending off this uncertainty.”
World electronic warfare market currently valued at approximately $14 billion per year. In the coming years, the average annual growth rate is expected to be 4%, the market size will reach $19 billion by 2025.
The main competitors of Russian enterprises on the world market: American (Lockheed Martin Corporation, Northrop Grumman Corporation, The Boeing Company, Raytheon Company, ITT Corporation, BAE Systems), European (Thales Group, Elettronica, Indra) and Israeli manufacturers (Elta Systems, Rafael).
In the USA under the ACT program Northrop Grumman is conducting research and development work to create solid-state broadband aircraft active phased antenna arrays (AFARs) capable of performing radar and electronic warfare tasks in the centimeter wave range. As part of the creation of a new generation jamming station (NGJ) for the EA-18G Grouler jammer aircraft, commissioned by the US Navy, Raytheon is developing solid-state broadband AFARs in the decimeter and centimeter wave ranges.
Main characteristics of the main domestic electronic warfare devices
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Electronic warfare complex "Moscow-1" / Photo: nevskii-bastion.ru
On July 13, more than 1 thousand conscripted military personnel who arrived at the Tambov Interspecific Center for the Training and Combat Use of Electronic Warfare Troops (EW) began training in 23 specialties in more than 40 types of electronic warfare and integrated equipment technical control(KTK).
One of the main features of training for junior specialist positions will be training in the operation of new electronic warfare systems and Leer-3. At the same time, the complexes, “Krasukha-20” and training of cadets will be carried out for the first time. This is due, first of all, to the arrival of the latest types of weapons and electronic warfare equipment into the troops. It should be noted that in 2014, more than 10 units of electronic warfare troops were re-equipped with modern models of equipment.
The training of cadets will take place in three stages: improvement of initial military training, combined arms training and specialty training. The main focus during educational process will be devoted to practical work on equipment, including at night.
In the new period of study, a significant part of the classes is devoted to practical exercises on specialized simulators industrial production and computer simulators developed by specialists from the Tambov Interspecific Center for the Training and Combat Use of Electronic Warfare Troops.
The four-month training will end with passing exams and receiving a certificate of electronic warfare specialist (KTK), then the military personnel will be sent to formations, military units and units of electronic warfare (KTK) for the positions of operators and senior operators, the press service of the Ministry of Defense reports Russian Federation.
Technical information
Complexes developed and adopted by the Russian army "Krasukha"- These are electronic suppression (RES) and protection complexes. REP is a set of actions and measures that are aimed at disrupting or disrupting the operation, as well as reducing the combat effectiveness of the enemy’s use of radio-electronic equipment and systems by influencing their receiving devices with electronic interference. Modern electronic suppression includes: radio, optical-electronic, radio-technical and hydroacoustic suppression.
REF can be achieved through the creation of active and passive jamming, as well as the use of various types of decoys and decoys.The radio-electronic suppression station 1L269 "Krasukha-2" created at the Rostov Research Institute "Gradient" is a truly unique system. This station was designed taking into account the generalization combat experience which was received Russian army during the armed conflict of August 2008 in South Ossetia.
The Russian military learned bitter lessons from a conflict in which electronic warfare units were barely used. Also for this reason Russian Air Force lost a number of Su-25 and Tu-22M3 combat aircraft.
Most likely, this station was created taking into account the suppression of aircraft-based surveillance radars such as AWACS, flying radars like the American E-8 Joint Star, as well as modern UAVs such as Predator and Global Hawk.
State tests of the 1L269 Krasukha-2 electronic countermeasures stations were completed in 2009. Externally, these vehicles are similar to conventional radars, which are mounted on a BAZ-6910-022 automobile chassis, 8x8 wheel arrangement. The cabin of this vehicle is equipped with means of protection against microwave radiation. It is equipped with an independent air heater OH-32D-24 and a Webasto CC4E air conditioner with electric drive.The main purpose of the Kpacyxa-2O product is electronic suppression of on-board radar stations of the Avax type long-range radar detection and control system.
Since 2009, the Krasukha-2 ground-based electronic warfare systems have been supplied to the Russian Armed Forces. Technical details complexes like "Krasukha" are classified. The stations were developed by the Gradient Research Institute and produced by the Kvant Research and Production Association.
Vehicles of the Borisoglebsk-2 complex / Photo: battlebrotherhood.ru
"Borisoglebsk-2", in comparison with its predecessor - the Mandat complex, modernized in 2001, has better technical characteristics: an expanded frequency range of radio reconnaissance and electronic suppression equipment, increased scanning speed of the frequency range, reduced reaction time for unknown frequencies, more high accuracy location of the radio emission source, increased capacity of suppression equipment.
The software of the complex was developed according to uniform requirements for the interface of an automated operator workstation, which ensures the convenience of work for officials when moving from one facility to another.
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