Morphological norms of the exam. Morphological norms of the Russian language. So let's repeat the theory

to BOTH boots
by the fifth of MARCH
SEVEN HUNDRED twenty
along the COASTS
behind HIM

2. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

hussar EPOLET
SPREAD THE GREATS
Merry WEDDINGS
several EGGPLANTS
the SWEETEST

3. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
NINEHUNDRED pages
more beautiful
in ONE AND A HUNDRED grams
Abkhazian TOWERS
church DOMES

A HUNDRED AND A HUNDRED

4. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

fast boats
looked more GENTLE
pair of HERONS
ARAB songs
authors of MANUAL

5. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

TWO HUNDRED notebooks
BOTH students
PLACE ON THE TABLE
Golden domes
scarlet stripes

6. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly

famous PROFESSORS
more than TWO HUNDRED participants
WITH BOTH hands
more beautiful
don't WAVE your arms

PROFESSOR

7. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

their ADDRESSES
sweet POMEGRANATES
saw teeth
FIVE wolf cubs
life of the MONGOLS

8. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

LIE ON THE FLOOR
THEIR dreams
no BOOTS
TATAR traditions
small TREES

9. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

HARDER THAN ROCK
scarlet CHERRY
suddenly tripped
EIGHT HUNDRED years
no golf

STUMPPED

10. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
Get well soon
BAKE A pie
BOTH tables
Foliage sways
famous CONSTRUCTORS

11. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.

SEVEN HUNDRED rubles
new SHOES
famous PROFESSORS
BOTH sisters
several KILOGRAMS

PROFESSOR

12. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly

according to the timetable
couple of socks
DRY in the wind
five KILOGRAMS
about one and a half hundred meters

13. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly

SEVEN HUNDRED soldiers
company SOLDIER
pair of JEANS
we DRIVE
a dozen GUNS

14. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly
ten TOMATOES
sing more BEAUTIFUL
TWO HUNDRED meters
LIE ON THE FLOOR
DRESS the child

15. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
on BOTH sides
pack of MACARONS
no TWO HUNDRED rubles
GET STRONGER after illness
they WAVE their hand

16. In one of the words highlighted below, an error was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
thin tentacles
FOUR HUNDRED pages
more SOFT
ancient BELIEFS
RINSE YOUR MOUTH

This task tests the ability to evaluate speech in terms of compliance basic morphological norms of the Russian literary language. The most common mistakes made in form formation are:

1) comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives;

2) collective numbers;

3) whole and fractional numbers;

4) genitive case of numerals;

5) nominative and genitive plural of nouns;

6) indirect cases of personal pronouns of the 3rd person after a preposition, etc.

So, let's repeat the theory.

Let's analyze the task

1. Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form:

1) in thirty notebooks

2) the brightest light

3) they want

4) kind people

In the first example - a numeral and a noun. There is no violation of agreement: both words are used correctly in the prepositional case. In the second case - the comparative degree of an adjective and a noun. Both words are agreed in the phrase (the instrumental case). The comparative form is created correctly: from the adjective “bright” using the suffix -aysh-. The third answer is a non-productive verb with alternation. There's a mistake here! The correct form is we want. In the last example there is an adjective and a noun in the genitive plural form. The noun form is correct. The phrase agreed is plural, genitive case. The correct answer is 3.

Task No. 6 tests your knowledge of lexical norms of the Russian language. For correct completion of this step you will receive one point.

The task itself can be formulated in several ways:

1) Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, excluding unnecessary word. Write this word down.

2) Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, replacing incorrectly used word. Write down the selected word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.

Note! You need to either DELETE the word or REPLACE it.

What violations of the lexical norm can be encountered in this task? (We are talking about SPEECH ERRORS that were intentionally made in this task.)

Violation of lexical compatibility.

For the correct use of words in speech, it is not enough to know their exact meaning; it is also necessary to take into account the features lexical compatibility, that is, them ability to connect with each other. Involuntary violation of lexical compatibility is a very common speech error. For example, a similar error can be heard in the speech of sports commentators: Although in these competitions our favorite skaters were defeated, the audience greets them standing (but: they win, they lose).

Some words are often used in incorrect combinations:

meeting called

increase attention

give importance

improve your horizons

Speech redundancy.

Verbal redundancy is verbosity. Verbosity can manifest itself in various forms, for example, taking the form of pleonasm.

1) PLEONASM(from Greek pleonasmos - excess) The use of words that are close in meaning and therefore unnecessary in speech is called:

the main point

everyday routine

dark darkness

Pleonasms often appear when synonyms are combined:

courageous and brave

only

nevertheless, however

for example

2) A type of pleonasm is TAUTOLOGY(from Greek tauto - the same, logos - word). Tautology can arise when repeating words with the same root:

tell a story

multiply many times

ask a question

resume again

and also when combining a foreign language and its duplicating meaning:

memorable souvenirs

debuted for the first time

Let's look at some speech errors.

WHISPER QUIETLY.

The word “whisper” contains the meaning ‘to say very quietly’, so the word “quietly” is redundant in this example. The word “quiet” is superfluous.

A PATRIOT OF HIS HOMELAND.

A patriot is “a person who is ready to make sacrifices and heroic deeds for the sake of the interests of his homeland,” therefore the combination of “one's homeland” is redundant.

IT MAKES A COZY IMPRESSION.

You can make a “pleasant” impression, but not a “cozy” one. We replace the word “cozy” with the word “pleasant”.

Let's complete task number 6.

Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error, excluding unnecessary word. Write this word down.

The new shoes were a little too big for her.

In this example, the word “a little” is redundant. In the adjective “too big,” the suffix -ovat- indicates the incompleteness of the attribute, that is, the shoes are ‘slightly larger than necessary’. In this case, the word “a little” has the meaning – ‘to a small extent, slightly’. This meaning overlaps with the meaning of the word “too big.” Therefore, we exclude the word “a little”.

reference Information

Russian inflected words have many morphological forms. Fortunately, most of them are absorbed by children in early childhood and do not cause problems when preparing for the Unified State Exam. But there are forms in the formation and use of which both children and adults make mistakes. Below is a list of such morphological forms.

Erroneous forms. Memorize examples in lists.

Noun

Formation of the plural:

Words starting with Y - I:

engineers, designers, officers, lecturers, trainers, accountants, instructors, editors, mechanics, drivers;
vectors, winds, reprimands, jumpers, sweaters, contracts, containers, players, policies, spotlights, warehouses;
ages, elections, ports, handwritings, creams, cakes

Words starting A - Z:

director, doctor, inspector, professor, cook, watchman, paramedic, tenor, coachman;
districts, orders, bills, boats, vacations, heaps, bells, bodies, domes, districts, passports, cellars, varieties, farms, poplars, stacks, stamps, anchors

Formation of genitive plural forms:

1.Formation and change of forms of compound numerals:

in the year one thousand and five, two sevenths, to three fifths, in two thousand and eleven,
eighty (eighty), eight hundred (eight hundred), five hundred, three thousand six hundred and fifty seven

2.Declension of complex and compound numerals:

two hundred rubles, five hundred rubles, four hundred rubles, about five hundred kilometers, three hundred pages, no six hundred rubles, about five hundred books

Words: forty, ninety, one hundred.

I.p. forty, ninety, one hundred (rubles)
R.p. forty, ninety, one hundred (rubles)
D.p. forty, ninety, one hundred (rubles)
V.p. forty, ninety, one hundred (rubles)
etc. forty, ninety, one hundred (rubles)
P.p. (o) forty, ninety, one hundred (rubles)

fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty. When declined, both parts change:

I.p. fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty (rubles)
R.p. fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty (rubles)
D.p. fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty (rubles)
V.p. fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty (rubles)
etc. fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty (rubles)
P.p. (about) fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty (rubles)

Pay attention to the declension of numerals: five hundred, six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred, nine hundred. When declined, both parts change:

I.p. five hundred, six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred, nine hundred (rubles)
R.p. five hundred, six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred, nine hundred (rubles)
D.p. five hundred, six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred, nine hundred (rubles)
V.p. five hundred, six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred, nine hundred (rubles)
etc. five hundred, six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred, nine hundred (rubles)
P.p. (about) five hundred, six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred, nine hundred (rubles)

Pay attention to the declension of numerals one and a half, one and a half, one and a half hundred, where mistakes are often made:

I.p. one and a half (hours), one and a half (minutes), one and a half hundred (rubles)
R.p. one and a half (hours, minutes), one and a half hundred (rubles)
D.p. one and a half (hours, minutes), one and a half hundred (rubles)
V.p. one and a half (hours), one and a half (minutes), one and a half hundred (rubles)
etc. one and a half (hours, minutes), one and a half hundred (rubles)
P.p. (about) one and a half (hours, minutes), one and a half hundred (rubles)

Pay attention to the declination compound cardinal numbers: every word is changed:

I.p. two thousand fourteen (rubles)
R.p. two thousand fourteen (rubles)
D.p. two thousand fourteen (rubles)
V.p. two thousand fourteen (rubles)
etc. two thousand fourteen (rubles)
P.p. (about) two thousand fourteen (rubles)

Pay attention to the declination compound ordinal numbers: only the last word is changed:

I.p. two thousand fourteen (year)
R.p. two thousand fourteen (year)
D.p. two thousand fourteen (year)
V.p. two thousand fourteen (year)
etc. two thousand fourteen (year)
P.p. (c) two thousand fourteen (year)

3. Use of collective numerals:

two brothers, three puppies, both brothers, both girlfriends, two glasses, two sleds, two of us, three of them, six of them.

Since the topic raises many problems, remember the cases when it is correct to use collective numerals with a list:

1. With nouns denoting males: two brothers, three men, four boys.
2. With nouns children, people: three children, four people.
3. With nouns denoting baby animals: three puppies, seven kids.
4. With nouns that have only the plural form. h.: five days.
5. With nouns denoting paired or compound objects: two glasses, two skis.
6. With pronouns: the two of us, the five of them.

4. Use of numerals both, both:

Numeral both used only with nouns.: both girls, both sides, both books.
With nouns m.r. and Wed R. the form used both: both brothers, both friends, both windows.

Wrong: both paths, to both paths, with both stars.
Right: both paths, to both paths, both stars.

Pronoun

Formation of forms:

Wrong: I was infatuated with her, with her; theirs; in the midst of him (her), among them; how many books, how many students.
Right: was carried away by her - T.p., with her - R.p.; their; in the middle* of him (her), among* them; how many books, how many students

*In the middle, among- prepositions. If you say: from them, from them, say: among them. After prepositions for personal pronouns he she They in oblique cases the letter appears n.

Verb

1. Education of personal forms:

For verbs win, convince, convince, dissuade, find, feel, outshine, dare, vacuum and some others do not have the form 1 person unit. h.
Wrong: I will win, I will run, I will win, I will convince, I will escape, I will convince, I will find myself, I am a miracle, I am a stranger, I am alien.
Correct: do not use these verbs in the form of 1 l., singular.

Wrong: let's try, drive, climb, burn, bake, take care, guard, rinse, wave, want (incorrect inflection model used, vernacular).
Right: let's try, drive, climb, burn, bake, take care, guard, rinse, wave, they want.

2. Formation of return forms:

Wrong: met, wanted to, said hello, sorry (colloquial).
Right: met, wanted to say hello(after vowels not -xia, A -s), sorry (using the reflexive form with this verb is a gross mistake).

3. Formation of imperative forms:

Incorrectly: go, go, go, go, go, go, go, wave, drive away, put, put, lie, lie, run, climb, buy, lie (incorrect inflection model used, vernacular).
Right: go (with prefix), wave, drive away, put down, buy, lie down.

Pay attention to the formation of the imperative forms of erroneous verbs, which are often found in KIMs:

Lie down - (you) lie down, (you) lie down
Go - (you) go, (you) go
Ride - (you) ride, (you) ride
Put - (you) put, (you) put
Put - (you) put, (you) put
Climb - (you) climb, (you) climb
Run - (you) run, (you) run

4. Formation of past tense forms:

Wrong: frozen, got stronger, dried out, dried out, got wet, got wet, etc.
Right: frozen, got stronger, dried out, dried out, dried up, got wet, got wet.

Participle

Formation of participles:

Incorrect: gargling, waving, wanting (using the wrong inflection model); making, writing, inquiring (present participles are not formed from perfective verbs).
Right: gargling, waving, wanting; Do not try to form present participles from perfective verbs.

Participle

Formation of gerunds:

Incorrectly: looking in my direction, stacking, driving (incorrect use of formation models: gerunds with the suffix -я- cannot be formed from SV verbs).
Right: looking in my direction or looking in my direction, stacking(excl.: stable combination arms folded), having gone.