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Light discharge at 12 weeks of pregnancy. Discharge during pregnancy is brown. Hormonal imbalance

Brown discharge during pregnancy

Brown discharge during pregnancy can appear due to a variety of reasons. Diagnosis should be carried out exclusively by a doctor. And the possible reasons given below will help you navigate the situation a little. Unfortunately, such discharge during pregnancy: brown, bloody, always indicates some kind of pathology. By the way, vaginal discharge turns this color due to the blood it contains. Now let's talk more about the possible reasons.

Ectopic pregnancy

One of the most dangerous pathologies of the expectant mother. The problem is that in the early stages it is very problematic to determine where the fertilized egg is developing. But there are still diagnostic methods.

If a woman has pain or bleeding from the vagina, the doctor not only conducts a gynecological examination, but also refers her for an ultrasound examination and a blood test for hCG. If, according to a blood test, there is a pregnancy, and its term is 2-4 weeks or more, and there is no fertilized egg in the uterus on ultrasound, this is an indication for diagnostic laparoscopy. With the help of this operation, performed, one might say, without an incision, the doctor will be able to find and remove the fertilized egg, which for some reason has begun to develop outside the uterine cavity. If this is not done, rupture of organ tissue (most often the fallopian tube) and severe bleeding may occur. This is a deadly condition.

Frozen pregnancy

A very common pathology, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy. Although sometimes for this reason, brown discharge appears during pregnancy at 12 weeks and later. For several weeks, a woman may consider herself pregnant, while the child inside her is already dead.

The embryo dies for various reasons. Sometimes due to the toxic effects of alcoholic beverages or medications, but more often due to severe developmental defects. In this way, nature weeds out non-viable human individuals, no matter how rude it may sound.

The diagnosis is made using ultrasound and a blood test for hCG. On ultrasound, the baby does not have a heartbeat. And the hCG level turns out to be too low for this stage of pregnancy.
Abroad, in the case of diagnosing a frozen pregnancy at a short term, doctors take such a woman under control and wait until the body itself gets rid of the failed pregnancy. In Russia, they are usually referred for “cleansing of the uterus” in order to avoid the development of an infectious process.

Threat of miscarriage

This is the first thing doctors think about when they notice brown discharge during pregnancy in the second trimester or in the first. A similar symptom can be observed with partial detachment of the chorion. And the longer the pregnancy, the more dangerous this detachment can be for a woman, since the placenta, like the child, grows. This means that the area of its detachment can be large, and accordingly the bleeding is more massive. Brown discharge during pregnancy in the later stages is of particular concern to gynecologists.

If other causes of discharge in a woman are excluded, she is advised to abstain from sexual activity and go to bed. If there is heavy discharge, hospital treatment is required.

To prevent miscarriage, medications containing the hormone progesterone are used - it plays a vital role in maintaining pregnancy. However, these measures do not always allow saving the child. The worst prognosis is given if, in addition to discharge, women are diagnosed with cervical dilatation and cramping pain in the lower abdomen.

Retrochorial hematoma

This is a cavity with blood that forms between the chorion and the fertilized egg as a result of its partial rejection. A small hematoma may not make itself felt at all, but may become an accidental finding during ultrasound examination.

Brown and bloody discharge may begin when the hematoma is emptied. And if everything ends well, then the discharge stops on its own. Unfortunately, it is impossible to “cure” a hematoma. Doctors usually carry out standard therapy to maintain pregnancy. It is important to avoid physical activity and strain on the uterus.

Placenta previa

Normally, the placenta is located on the anterior, posterior wall of the uterus or in its fundus. If placenta previa occurs, then it forms in the lower segment of the uterus, partially or completely blocking the internal os.

The so-called marginal placenta previa, when only a small “piece” of the baby’s place falls on the internal os, is the most favorable situation, since up to 28 weeks of pregnancy the placenta tends to migrate higher in the uterus, according to its growth.

But while the presentation persists, the woman may periodically experience small placental abruptions, which is why the woman notices brown discharge.

The method of delivery and its timing depend on where the placenta is located before birth. If it blocks the internal os, natural childbirth can be dangerous or completely impossible, and a caesarean section is performed.

Pathologies and injuries of the cervix

The cause of brown and bloody discharge in pregnant women may be a pathology of the cervix. Many women have it, but rarely have symptoms. Even when the oncological process begins. This is why it is so important to undergo an annual examination with a gynecologist and take a PAP test - a smear that helps identify atypical cells on the cervix - precancer or cancer.

If the cervix is bleeding, the doctor sees this during examination using a gynecological speculum. The cervix can bleed if it is injured, as a result of sexual intercourse, for example. Or because of an existing disease. The doctor must take a smear and perform a colposcopy if indicated.

Often, women in such a situation are diagnosed with a cervical polyp. But the doctor can definitely tell whether this formation is malignant or benign only based on the results of the biopsy. In most cases, if there are no signs of cancer, a pregnant woman is advised to wait for further diagnosis and treatment until after the baby is born. Since frequent examinations, smears, colposcopy and other necessary procedures can lead to spontaneous abortion.

A polyp is removed from the expectant mother if cancer is suspected, or if brown discharge sometimes appears, but there is bleeding, which can lead to anemia.

As for sexual activity with benign formations of the cervix, it is not prohibited unless there are other reasons to limit it, and touching the polyp does not cause bleeding.

Discharge at 12 weeks of pregnancy can tell you a lot. For example, they can be used to determine how the pregnancy is progressing, whether there are any infections in the expectant mother’s body, and whether everything is normal with hormonal levels. A pregnant woman should know which discharge at the end of the first trimester can be considered normal and which are pathological. This will allow you to quickly respond to body signals and take action if something is wrong.

From the first days it is necessary to be under the supervision of the attending gynecologist.

Twelve weeks is the time when the hormonal background of the expectant mother is in the phase of active restructuring. This period is characterized by increased production of progesterone. It is necessary for the normal development of the baby. The “pregnancy hormone” is responsible for preserving the fetus. Without it, the uterus will begin to contract and the fetus will be rejected.

Under the influence of progesterone, the amount of mucus begins to increase. Only abundance distinguishes the normal discharge of an expectant mother and an unpregnant woman. In character they resemble the “pre-pregnancy” norm:

transparent;
mucous structure;
have no smell.

A slight change in mucus color is considered normal during this period. It may acquire a certain whitishness and become milky. Don't be alarmed when you see copious white discharge at the end of your trimesters. This phenomenon indicates that the body is protecting the fetus. By the end of the 12th - early 13th week, a mucus plug forms in the cervix, which protects the fetus from external infections. It is present throughout the entire gestation period. While the plug is forming, the secretion may take on a white tint. Is there any burning, itching, discomfort, or noticeable odor? There is no need to worry about the mucus turning whitish. Any doubts left? Only a gynecologist can dispel them.

Normal discharge can cause discomfort to the expectant mother due to its abundance. You can smooth out unpleasant sensations by increasing hygiene and using disposable pads. Gynecologists advise changing sanitary pads as often as possible during pregnancy. This is necessary to prevent the penetration of germs.

White curdled secretion

have a cheesy consistency;
form lumps;
have an unpleasant odor (“fishy”).

Sometimes, with a fungal infection, the secretion gives off a yellowish appearance. If the mucus is homogeneous and not cheesy, but there is a characteristic “sour” smell, it is thrush. Usually, with this disease, the discharge is abundant and is accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the vagina - burning, itching.

Thrush is a common occurrence during pregnancy, and pregnancy even promotes the growth of fungi. This is due to hormonal changes. Progesterone changes vaginal acidity. The changes are a signal for fungi, for which such conditions are ideal. A woman’s immunity during pregnancy is reduced: this is a natural phenomenon that ensures the continuation of pregnancy. However, the weakening of protective reactions provokes the proliferation of Candida fungi. They accumulate, and an inflammatory process begins, which is expressed by symptoms - characteristic lumpy mucus, itching, odor.

During pregnancy, many types of drugs are prohibited for use

Thrush needs to be treated, so it is important that a woman “in an interesting position” reacts in time to the changed nature of the discharge. Candidiasis can complicate the course of pregnancy: a fungal disease is often a “trigger” for erosion. With erosion, the likelihood of ruptures during childbirth increases, as the elasticity of the vagina decreases.

Treatment of thrush before the 16th week is complicated by the inability to use medications. While the baby’s organs and systems are forming, drug therapy is undesirable. However, you should not hesitate to see a doctor: you need to see a gynecologist as soon as the expectant mother sees “white cottage cheese” on a sanitary pad. The doctor will give recommendations on adjusting your diet, which will change the acidity of the vagina. You will have to contact the gynecologist again with your problem at the 16th week: from this time you can treat thrush.

What does yellow mean?

If a pregnant woman's vaginal secretions turn yellow, this may be a signal indicating an infection. The proliferation of microorganisms that have penetrated the genitals, the presence of an inflammatory process changes the color of the discharge. When the yellow secretion is accompanied by unpleasant sensations and has a specific smell, this indicates a bacterial infection that is sexually transmitted. A sharp increase in secretion, change in color, and itching may indicate gonorrhea.

Infections are especially dangerous during pregnancy. Infection of the membranes of the fetus may occur, which affects the development of the baby. Infections can cause miscarriage.

The yellow color of the discharge is a reason to consult a gynecologist. It is impossible to independently determine why the secretion has changed; this is the competence of the doctor. The woman will need to have vaginal smears. Based on the test results, the presence/absence of infection and the type of bacteria are determined. Sexual infections require mandatory treatment, because they pose a danger to the fetus. The doctor selects the course of therapy taking into account the duration, taking into account sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.

Drug treatment is carried out only after the 18th week. But the sooner the infection is detected, the higher the chances of eliminating risks. Therefore, if you find yellow discharge in the 12th week, you need to immediately make an appointment with your gynecologist. He will compare the risks of therapy and the benefits of it, and determine the optimal time for correction. Expectant mothers are strictly prohibited from carrying out any treatment on their own. This also applies to taking medications and resorting to traditional methods. One thoughtless step can harm a baby who has just begun to develop in the womb.

Ideally, you should check for infections at the planning stage. Having gotten rid of the problem before conception, you need to follow recommendations that will help eliminate the inflammatory process and infection after pregnancy.

Sometimes pregnant women mistake drops of urine that remain on a sanitary pad for yellow discharge. Urinary incontinence is a common occurrence during pregnancy. It may appear towards the end of the 1st trimester. This is due to hormonal changes and weakening of the pelvic muscles due to fetal growth. If the yellow marks are a one-time occurrence, then there is no need to worry. When they appear regularly, you need to seek advice from a specialist. Especially if the period is short (10 – 12 weeks).

Greenish marks on laundry

Any suspicious symptoms should not be ignored

A greenish tint to the discharge should alert a pregnant woman. Most often this is a symptom of infection. After conception, a physiological decrease in immunity occurs, the vaginal microflora changes, which increases the risk of infection. Especially in the 1st trimester, when the female body is still getting used to the new state.

Green discharge, a symptom of infection, is usually accompanied by itching in the groin area. The secretion takes on an unpleasant odor. Greenish mucus appears during sexually transmitted infections, the causative agents of which are:

Trichomonas;
chlamydia;
gonorrhea;
streptococcus.

The presence of pathogenic bacteria is dangerous during pregnancy. They provoke inflammation of the cervix, damage the appendages, and trigger an inflammatory process in the vaginal mucosa. The risks of complications increase if the epithelium of the reproductive organ was damaged during rough sex or a careless gynecological examination. Pathogenic microorganisms can cause self-abortion. At the 12th week, they can cause infection of the fetus and lead to delayed intrauterine development of the baby.

If light green discharge remains on the underwear, this indicates the development of bacterial vaginosis. It often occurs during pregnancy; pregnancy provokes changes in the vaginal environment, so opportunistic bacteria begin to actively multiply. Vaginal dysbiosis in the early stages can occur if a woman was treated with antibiotics immediately before conception. Failure to observe the rules of personal hygiene contributes to the proliferation of bacteria: this issue should be given more attention during pregnancy than before conception.

Only a gynecologist can determine the exact reason why the secretion turns green. Deviation from the norm cannot be ignored. The sooner the infection is detected, the higher the likelihood of getting rid of it without consequences for the patient and the fetus. Although gynecologists rarely prescribe drug therapy at the 12th week, the doctor will give recommendations that will stop the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms and determine the time when treatment with drugs can begin.

Brown discharge is a dangerous symptom

Brown discharge at 12 weeks of pregnancy is usually a dangerous symptom. They may indicate:

ectopic pregnancy;
fetal freezing;
damage to the cervix;
lack of progesterone, which increases the risk of miscarriage.

Most pathological conditions in the early stages are not accompanied by other symptoms other than brown staining of the vaginal mucus. Therefore, this phenomenon cannot be ignored: the faster the pathology is identified, the more favorable the prognosis.

You should not postpone going to the doctor if you have brown mucus. It is important to remember that even if the pregnancy is terminated, early identification of the problem avoids complications and increases the chances of a successful pregnancy in the future. Delays in the event of fetal freezing or implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterus can even result in serious problems for the patient’s health, leading to infertility and even death.

Therapy is prescribed by a doctor on an individual basis

Pathological pregnancy is not such a common occurrence. Therefore, mucus most often acquires brown shades from a lack of progesterone. This phenomenon is dangerous because the risk of miscarriage increases. However, if detected early, the deficiency of the “pregnancy hormone” can be corrected with medication. The doctor decides which drugs are effective and safe on an individual basis.

Sometimes light brown mucus may not be dangerous. In the 1st trimester, “daub” may appear on the days when you had your period. This phenomenon is usually observed in the first six weeks, but can last until the end of the trimester. Brownish discharge of a non-pathological nature can be distinguished by its consistency: it is ichor. They are not plentiful, but “smearing”.

Brown impurities in mucus can appear from careless sexual contact. This is a common occurrence during pregnancy; pregnancy increases the sensitivity of the vagina. One careless movement and small vessels are damaged, which is manifested by brown veins in the secretion. There is no threat to the fetus.

Even if a woman is sure that brown discharge appeared due to reasons that do not pose a danger, it is worth playing it safe and getting examined by a doctor. The expectant mother has no room for error, because she is responsible for two lives.

Causes of bleeding

Bloody discharge scares expectant mothers more than others. Most often, they indicate that something is wrong with the mother’s body or pregnancy. Blood on underwear is a reason to urgently consult a doctor, because the risks of losing your baby in this case are very high.

Why does bleeding occur? The most common reasons include:

Ectopic pregnancy. If the ectopic attachment of the fertilized egg was not determined before the 12th week, then by the end of the first trimester, when the fetus grows, a tube rupture may occur. This dangerous phenomenon is accompanied by heavy bleeding, but before this, spotting appears. If you do not react to them in time, the consequences can be serious, even fatal.
Freezing of the fetus. The first 12 weeks of pregnancy are considered the most critical: the fetus may stop developing and die. Rejection of the fetus does not begin immediately, but the body recognizes the freezing of toxins and starts the process of miscarriage. The first sign of such a pathology is spotting and spotting.
Threat of self-abortion. Blood in the discharge may appear against the background of dangerous infections that pose a threat to the baby. Scarlet marks on the underwear may indicate that the body identifies the fetus as a foreign object and tries to reject it. When there is a threat of miscarriage, in addition to the discharge, unpleasant sensations appear in the lower abdomen - nagging cramps, pain.
Lack of progesterone. If there is a lack of “pregnancy hormone”, the likelihood of fetal rejection increases. The first signal is blood-stained mucus. The issue can be resolved with the help of medications, but you need to respond quickly.
Erosion. In the presence of pathology, a bloody “smear” usually occurs. Blood in the discharge becomes more noticeable after sexual intercourse.

The discharge may become pink after a gynecological examination. At the 12th week, expectant mothers undergo a routine examination, during which the vaginal mucosa may be damaged due to careless actions of the doctor. This happens often, because the mucous membrane becomes very sensitive during pregnancy. Drops of blood from a small wound on the mucous membrane mix with the discharge, turning it pink. This phenomenon does not pose a threat.

Pathological discharge and pain

The expectant mother should pay attention to daytime rest

Uncharacteristic discharge may be accompanied by pain. Pulling in the lower abdomen? Do you experience cramping pain? You should consult a doctor immediately. If the pain syndrome appears against the background of bloody discharge, you must call an ambulance. This may indicate a threat of miscarriage or a self-abortion. The health of the mother herself, and often the life of the baby, depends on the speed of action. Medical help should always be sought when there is severe pain in the lower abdomen, even if the discharge remains normal.

Mucus of an uncharacteristic color and pain may appear during an ectopic pregnancy. A pregnant woman needs to undergo an examination to make sure that the embryo has implanted in the uterine cavity.

In infectious diseases, pain is rarely observed. But specific discharge during the inflammatory process and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms is almost always accompanied by discomfort: burning, itchy groin area.

If there is no discharge

Discharge during pregnancy is a natural phenomenon. Mucus protects the body from infection. If there is no discharge, this is an alarming sign. This phenomenon is extremely rare, although the secretion can be produced in small quantities.

If the discharge in the 12th week has significantly decreased in volume, this may indicate a hormonal disorder. It is important to find out the reason for this change, because hormonal fluctuations outside the norm are dangerous during pregnancy. A lack or excess of one of the important hormones can affect the development of the fetus and lead to miscarriage.

What to do if the discharge is not normal

Any change in discharge is a reason to consult a doctor. The secret can tell about the state of the mother’s health, the development of the fetus, the nature of the pregnancy, but only a gynecologist can decipher these signals. It is important to take into account the color, consistency, smell, and abundance of discharge.

If the cause cannot be determined during examination and after smears, the doctor prescribes additional types of studies, including ultrasound. Based on the test results, the cause of changes in vaginal discharge is determined and treatment is prescribed.

If the patient complains at 12 weeks or earlier, the doctor approaches the choice of therapeutic methods with extreme caution. There is not much time left until the second trimester, so if the problem allows, the gynecologist can choose a wait-and-see approach. After the 14th week, there is more room for maneuver: many drugs are prohibited in the first trimester, but are safe in the second.

It is strictly forbidden to solve the problem of pathological discharge on your own, regardless of what caused it. Even treating thrush without medical supervision can lead to serious consequences. Uncontrolled use of drugs and resort to traditional medicine methods are unacceptable. While carrying a baby, you need to discuss all actions with your doctor: this is the only way to avoid complications and safely deliver the baby.

Prevention of pathological discharge

In order for the discharge to remain normal (and therefore the entire body to remain normal), the expectant mother needs to follow a number of rules:

strengthen hygiene;
do not use scented pads or intimate hygiene products of questionable quality;
wear underwear made from natural “breathable” fabrics;
adhere to nutrition and regimen recommendations (to maintain immunity);
use a condom if you have doubts about your partner (to avoid infection).

The ideal option is a planned pregnancy, which the partners approach with all responsibility. When planning, you need to get tested, which will help identify infections and treat them before conception. A woman who wants to become a mother must first visit a gynecologist. If tumors and erosions are detected, treatment should be given. So the likelihood that the nature of the discharge will change during pregnancy is reduced. But it is impossible to completely exclude changes in the secretion, because it is impossible to predict how the hormones will behave and how the pregnancy will proceed.

The task of the expectant mother is to carefully monitor the signals that the body sends. Changing allocations cannot be ignored. If you have any doubts, you should make an appointment with your doctor. Before consulting a specialist, it is recommended to avoid physical activity and sexual contact. Don’t worry ahead of time: altered discharge may well turn out to be a variant of the norm. But if there is blood and significant pain, then panic is justified: you need to call an ambulance.

2016-02-22 13:31:42

Natalya asks:

Hello. I had my period on January 11, 2016, when I was late, I took pregnancy tests and they were all positive. One fine day I started bleeding and had brown discharge, I went to an uzist, I didn’t see the pregnancy, but she told me to take a hCG test, I took it, the first result was 63.8, after three days 324, after a week I went for an ultrasound again and still can’t find the fertilized egg

Answers Bosyak Yulia Vasilievna:

Hello, Natalia! I suspect an ectopic pregnancy. I advise you to further take an hCG test and undergo a control ultrasound scan. In case of tubal pregnancy, the fallopian tube should be visualized on ultrasound. You should contact a gynecologist with the results of the examinations.

2014-04-27 11:38:39

Natali asks:

Hello. I have this story: my first pregnancy froze at 4 weeks. They found cytomegalovirus and a hematoma. She was treated and the CMV level was reduced. A year later she became pregnant. Brown discharge appeared again at 4 weeks. They prescribed duphaston and progynova. The pregnancy continued. Around 10-11 weeks there were bacteria in the urine, they prescribed vilprofen, which did not help, then canephron and nitroxoline. My lupus anticoagulant was also higher than normal. I was given Fraxiparine injections in the stomach. During this period there was a cold without fever. Herpes came out on my lip. The first screening ultrasound was normal, there was only uterine tone.

And then at the second ultrasound at the 20th week of pregnancy they diagnosed Dandy Walker syndrome and recommended termination. I had an abortion. My husband and I had karyotyping done. We have no deviations in karyothiopes, my husband has 46XY, I have 46XX. Please tell me what could be the reason: antibiotics, flu, herpes, CMV or genetics? Please answer, give advice on what to do next, how to plan a new pregnancy in order to give birth to a healthy child. How to deal with CMV? Please give practical and useful advice. Do such cases often occur in your practice and is it possible to give birth to a healthy child? I need to know the truth, whether I have a chance or not. I am hope for your help.

Answers Purpura Roksolana Yosipovna:

Let's go in order. CMV was detected by what method and what exactly was detected? Purely theoretically, Dandy-Walker syndrome can be caused by CMV. However, it cannot be said that this is exactly the case.
I advise you to first consult with a geneticist. Then you need to donate blood to test for lupus anticoagulant and if it is elevated, then lower it with aspirin and injections of low molecular weight heparin even before planning pregnancy. Fading pregnancy can be caused by increased lupus anticoagulant. Neither antibiotic nor herpes could have a negative effect.

2014-01-10 13:59:53

Julia asks:

Hello, my husband and I are both 27 years old. Gr. blood 2 positive, my husband has 3 negative. There were no abortions or inflammatory diseases; this was the first pregnancy. She was admitted for preservation at 7 weeks with brown discharge, then a frozen pregnancy occurred at 9 weeks, and they performed vacuum aspiration. Histology: incomplete reverse development of the endometrium, chorionic villi with pronounced degenerative changes. We carried out anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, contraction treatment and physical therapy there in the hospital. They said that already at 7 weeks the corpus luteum was only 1.2 cm, and that because of this there was progesterone deficiency. Afterwards I saw a gynecologist; an ultrasound of the uterus and appendages revealed no transvaginal pathology. There is ovulation, the cycle was restored after 2 months. I also have hypothyroidism, I see an endocrinologist, then I was allowed to become pregnant; I take levothyroxine 35 mg, iodomarin 150, ultrasound of the thyroid gland is normal. And at the age of 15 she suffered from mononucleosis, the liver was enlarged, and doctors say that perhaps because of it, a benign adenoma of the left lobe later turned out on the liver; an operation in 2008 - liver resection. Tests three months after the death: PCR of cytomegalovirus DNA (urogenital smear) not detected, Cytomegalovirus blood serum IgM 0.17 negative, Cytomegalovirus blood serum IgG 9.36 positive (carrier), Toxoplasmosis IgM 0.02 negative, Toxoplasmosis IgG Normoflora - Lactobacillus spp. 6.10
Gard/Pre/Porph 5.00, Ureaplasma_spp not detected, Candida_spp. not detected, KVM 4.70, M.hominis not detected, M.genitalium not detected, T.vaginalis not detected, N.gonorrhoeae not detected, C.trachomatis not detected, HSV-1 not detected, HSV-2 not detected, CMV not detected detected, Key cells not detected. Microorganisms r. Mobiluncus sp. not found, Microorganisms of the river. Leptotrix sp. not detected, Gonococci not detected, Leukocytes 5-10 in the field of view. Blood test: direct bilirubin 2.70 (µmol/l), total bilirubin 10.30 (µmol/l). Before pregnancy, my husband and I were also tested for chlamydia, herpes 1.2, HIV, ureaplasma, mycoplasma - all negative. I also have Rubella virus Ig G antibodies. (vaccinated long before pregnancy), ig M negative. My husband's spermogram: everything is normal, except agglutination + mild. Ultrasound of the kidneys, adrenal glands and bladder + CDC - No pathology was detected. Ultrasound of the prostate - Dimensions: 2.5 x 3.3 x 3.8 cm, volume 16.3 cm3, within normal limits. The contours are smooth, clear, echogenicity is normal, the structure is heterogeneous (hyperechoic inclusions in the left lobe). CDC: normal blood flow intensity. Focal changes: not detected, diagnosis - signs of previous prostatitis. Ultrasound of the testicles revealed no pathology. Please tell me what other tests we need to take and what actions to take so that we can safely get pregnant and give birth again? Can liver surgery be the cause of miscarriage? They also prescribed APS and lupus anticoagulant using ELISA. Besides this, is it also necessary to take a coagulogram, an analysis for Staphylococcus aureus, and what other tests are needed for the autoimmune status (and is it necessary at all?) Are antibodies to hCG, glycoprotein, fetal antigens, etc. necessary? and homocysteine levels?

Answers Palyga Igor Evgenievich:

According to statistics, 10% of pregnancies end in miscarriage in the early stages, unfortunately, and it is not always possible to establish the reason for this. If one pregnancy ends in miscarriage, then this is not yet a reason to undergo a detailed examination. You checked for infections, there are none, thank God.
I don’t see any need to check karyotypes and immune status at the moment; this needs to be done if the situation repeats. It is necessary to be observed by an endocrinologist, undergo regular tests and take corrective therapy, because problems with the thyroid gland can affect pregnancy. If you get pregnant without problems, then you don’t need to take APS and lupus anticoagulant, but this is my personal opinion.
I advise you to plan your next pregnancy and, after its onset, donate blood for progesterone in order to know what dose of progesterone to prescribe in maintenance therapy.
Good luck and good health to you!

2012-10-18 16:50:31

Oksana asks:

Hello. After unprotected sexual intercourse I had to take Postinor (September 4). After 6 days (September 10), brown discharge appeared and lasted for a week. 28 days after the discharge (8 oktas), a spotting (brown) appeared and lasted 3 days. My period never came. I did an ultrasound. Dimensions of the uterus 52*61*63; the structure of the myometrium is homogeneous; The endometrial structure is homogeneous, the thickness of the m-echo is 29 mm; right ovary - size 37*30, follicles -5-6, maximum length 15; left ovary 32*15, follicles 7-8, max. length 10. The fertilized egg is not visualized. The tests are negative. This is due to pregnancy or illness. What tests can you take to get an answer?

Answers Korchinskaya Ivanna Ivanovna:

Postinor is an emergency contraceptive drug that can be taken 1-2 times in a lifetime (in case of rape or other emergency situation); it contains a high hormone that causes hormonal imbalance. The contraction of the knot is normal, there is no pregnancy, but your periods may be irregular for some time until your hormone levels are restored.

2008-05-18 14:15:37

SVETA asks:

WHAT CAN ACUTE PAIN IN THE LOWER ABDOMEN AND PALE BROWN DISCHARGE AT WEEK 10 MEAN, IS THIS A SIGN OF AN ECTOPIC PREGNANCY?

Answers Malanchuk Oleg Borisovich:

Hello. If you can still write to our consultation, then the occurrence of the symptoms you indicated is not a sign of an ectopic pregnancy. Rupture of a tube or ovary during an ectopic pregnancy is an emergency that is very serious and requires immediate surgery. But the appearance of these symptoms during a normal intrauterine pregnancy may be a sign of a threat of its termination. Contact your doctor immediately!

2016-11-22 12:30:27

Julia asks:

Hello!
I'm 9 weeks pregnant. At 5-6 weeks I had uterine tone and brown discharge, they prescribed Duphaston, Crinone vaginally, magnesium b6, papaverine and tranexam. After taking all these medications for the first time, the brown discharge stopped the next day. Now the situation has repeated itself. At 9 weeks I started to smear brown again and had severe back pain and stabbing pain in the groin. Yesterday I had an ultrasound, there is a heartbeat, but there is also tone. They again prescribed papaverine, duphaston, tranexam and magnesium b6. I’ve been taking tranex for the second day, but the discharge doesn’t stop. Could it be that this time they didn’t prescribe extreme medicine and therefore there is no improvement? Or can the thyroid pills somehow affect the secretions (I take l-thyroxine)? After how many days of taking tranexam should the discharge decrease?
Thank you for your reply.

Answers Wild Nadezhda Ivanovna:

Duphaston did not need to be stopped.... If you started taking it, then you should have taken it for up to 12-16 weeks, without abrupt withdrawal, under monitoring the level of progesterone in the blood. In addition, if treatment is prescribed, this does not mean that everything will work and go away immediately and quickly. Pregnancy is not a disease - it is a physiological condition, but an unprepared woman’s body can have complications. Bloody discharge in a short term can manifest itself as placental dysfunction in long periods of pregnancy. Therefore, you don’t cancel anything yourself. I can’t say when the bleeding will stop, because we are all different and each pregnancy proceeds differently.

2016-10-19 08:59:56

Vera asks:

Good afternoon I'm pregnant 2nd, 12 weeks. 1st birth was at 35 weeks. During the first pregnancy, they did not talk about possible ICI, and after birth no additional studies were carried out. now in the 2nd pregnancy, at 10 weeks after PA, blood appeared, to which the doctor said that it was not scary at this stage, at 11 weeks they did an ultrasound and said that everything was fine, the cervix was 33 mm on an abdominal ultrasound. Exactly a week later, at 12 weeks (there was no PA for a week) after the stress, pink-brown discharge and heaviness in the lower abdomen began. They performed an ultrasound again, this time a transvaginal one, where they said that everything was fine with the fetus, but the cervix was 26mm! Can there be such a drastic change in 1 week? The doctor told me to lie down more and prescribed Cyclogest 400mg vaginally in the morning and evening. Is this therapy enough? I live abroad, and there is no such thing as saving. The doctor said that 26mm is not a critical limit. But I'm only 12 weeks! 1st trimester screening scheduled this week. What should I ask my doctor about in more detail? Or what other drugs should be taken in such a situation besides progesterone?

Answers Bosyak Yulia Vasilievna:

Hello, Vera! Was the size of the cervix determined by the same specialist using the same machine? You should understand that examinations are still subjective and may differ slightly from one doctor to another. The neck most likely could not shorten from 33 to 26 mm in 1 week at 12 weeks! If there is pain in the lower abdomen and discharge, a progesterone drug is usually prescribed. The dose prescribed to you is quite adequate. Screening is planned to exclude genetic pathology. You do not need to take any more medications.

At the 12th week of pregnancy, the body length of the fetus reaches 7.24 cm, its weight is 45-50 g, and the diameter of its head is 2.52 cm.

During this period, active development of the fetal brain continues. The differentiation of the cerebral cortex begins, its vascular network develops, and the main nuclei are formed.

The movements of the fetus become more and more “conscious”. He withdraws the handle and shudders in response to the irritation of the uterus. You can register the first movements of the chest, reminiscent of breathing. The heart already has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The frequency of its contractions reaches 150-160 beats per minute, but this can only be determined with the help of precision instruments.

At the twelfth week of pregnancy, the bony palate is formed. The rudiments of baby teeth can already be found in the bone base of the gums, and tiny vocal cords can be found in the larynx.

If before this time the thoracic and abdominal cavities of the fetus were not separated, now a diaphragm is formed between them.

Under the massive action of testosterone produced by the gonads of boys, the external male genitalia - the penis and scrotum - are actively formed. If this influence is lacking, false hermaphroditism may develop.

The thickness of the placenta by the end of the 12th week is 15.4 mm. By this time, the fetoplacental system is practically taking shape and blood circulation in the mother-fetus system is becoming more and more efficient. The developing fetus fully receives all the necessary substances from the mother’s body and grows rapidly. The impact of adverse factors on the mother’s body immediately affects the child’s condition. In turn, the development of the fetoplacental circulatory system, which has low resistance, leads to a decrease in a woman’s blood pressure by approximately 10 mmHg. Art. With each week of its development, the fetus has an increasing influence on the pregnant woman’s body.

12th week of pregnancy: see a doctor

Now you need to decide where you will be observed before childbirth: in a antenatal clinic or in a paid clinic. If you choose the second option, make sure that the clinic issues an exchange card. A pregnant woman’s exchange card is a document that indicates absolutely all the procedures you underwent during monitoring the course of pregnancy, the results of tests, examinations, ultrasound examinations, as well as those of your illnesses that may affect the course of childbirth. At the same time, the exchange card gives you the right to give birth for free in any state maternity hospital in Russia. In the absence of this document, according to current legislation, you have the right to be admitted for childbirth only to the infectious diseases department.

12th week of pregnancy: woman's feelings

The third obstetric month of pregnancy ends, taking with it manifestations of toxicosis, irritability, weakness and other signs of restructuring the female body into its new quality. The condition of most pregnant women improves significantly, and a period of well-being and enjoyment of every day of waiting for a child begins. Some nervousness still remains, but now it is most likely caused not by poor health, but by the woman’s special preferences and desire to do everything right so as not to harm her child.

At 12 weeks, a woman for the first time fully feels the reality of what is happening; for the first time on an ultrasound, she sees her unborn child not in the form of a tiny dot, but in the form of an embryo that looks like a small person. Constant thoughts about the future heir, dreams of pleasant changes in the life of the family, plans for the future occupy a woman’s thoughts so much that her nervous system is not able to quickly rebuild and fully rest at night. In addition, sometimes my stomach pulls here and there. Sleep becomes anxious, sensitive, colorful dreams arise, sometimes of an alarming nature. It is very important for a pregnant woman to properly organize her sleeping area, prepare for bed in advance, limit watching stimulating TV shows and drink soothing herbal tea at night. The calm state of the mother's nervous system provides comfortable conditions for the fetus.

The growing uterus gradually increases its pressure on the blood vessels of the pelvis, where venous blood flows from the lower extremities. It is during pregnancy that a woman sometimes notices the expansion of the saphenous veins of the lower leg. Twisted saphenous veins filled with stagnant blood can become a site for the formation of blood clots and cause pulmonary embolism. Pregnant women suffering from varicose veins of the lower extremities are recommended to wear tight tights or use tight bandages of the lower extremities during pregnancy. Such measures help to avoid congestion of the veins of the legs. To prevent blood clots, aspirin is usually prescribed in minimal doses, and to strengthen the walls of blood vessels - ascorbic acid, vitamin P and special external agents (phlebotonics).

12th week of pregnancy: vaginal discharge

Discharge from the genital tract of a healthy pregnant woman should be moderate, light milky, homogeneous with a slightly sour odor. The appearance of pus or mucus indicates an infection. The most common pathogens are fungi of the genus Candida, which cause thrush. Itching, burning at the entrance to the vagina, intensifying after urination, cheesy discharge from the genital tract - these are the symptoms of the most common disease in pregnant women. Often thrush masks other infections, for example, chlamydia, trichomoniasis. Now, at 12 weeks, if these diseases are present, it is time to undergo full treatment. The fetus is already formed, the placenta is able to protect it from external influences and antibacterial drugs will not cause any harm.

Bloody discharge from the genital tract, even minor spotting, especially if in addition to this there is a stomach ache, is a sign of a threatened miscarriage and requires medical intervention. Bloody discharge after sexual intercourse or a gynecological examination most likely indicates the presence of cervical erosion, but is also a reason for additional examination.

12th week of pregnancy: nutrition for pregnant women

The nutrition of a pregnant woman should not only meet the body's nutritional needs, but also replenish lost vitamins.

A woman carrying a child needs many vitamins every day.

The picture shows very clearly a baby at 12 weeks of pregnancy. He lies on his back, touching his head and butt to the wall of the uterus. By this time, the baby's vestibular apparatus has almost formed, which helps him move and navigate in the amniotic fluid. There are already internal organs, many of them are functioning, the placenta has completely taken over the responsibilities of the corpus luteum. Around the baby, amniotic fluid is clearly visible in the form of a dark cloud, which is regularly renewed. The image clearly shows the contour of the fetal head, frontal and occipital bones. The forehead and nose are clearly defined, the lips are beginning to form, the eyelids have formed, they are already closing their eyes. The development of the brain and pituitary gland continues, the location and small size of which does not allow it to be seen in the lower part at the base of the skull. Hands folded on the chest are visible - this is a favorite pose for babies; in addition, bent legs are visible. The baby moves very actively at this stage, he is capable of real acrobatic tricks, but in this photo he is at rest. The heart is visible in the chest, which by this time is already making 110-160 beats per minute.

The following photo was specially taken with an emphasis on the baby’s head and face. Now everything is like adults! The head is somewhat large, but in the near future it will reach its true size. The muscles of the mouth are already working, the baby wrinkles his lips, opens and closes his mouth and eyes. The purpose of this ultrasound examination is to measure the thickness of the nuchal translucency to identify congenital malformations, in particular Down syndrome. In this picture, the nuchal space is marked with the number 1.

Useful tips

Now the doctor should tell you the expected date of birth. But keep in mind that few babies are born exactly on schedule.

Keep in mind the day indicated by the doctor, but remember that the baby may want to go out much earlier or later.

Feel

The 12th week of pregnancy has already arrived, which means that from this moment on, the future mother, if she suffered from toxicosis, will most likely begin to feel better. Yes, yes, the placenta is slowly taking over life-supporting functions, the corpus luteum has “done” its work, and therefore, nausea and vomiting will most likely now be a thing of the past. But, unfortunately, this applies more to “traditional” pregnancy, but if the pregnancy is designated as multiple, the symptoms of toxicosis may remain with it for some time. As well as emotional outbursts, irritability and nervousness caused by hormonal changes in the body.

Even if a woman, due to toxicosis, has lost a little weight in the first weeks of pregnancy, starting from the 12th week, her body weight will begin to increase: plus 500 grams weekly is considered the norm. The new life growing in the womb of a woman requires “the maximum” from the mother’s body, and therefore all its systems and organs work at full capacity. Blood volume increases, its circulation increases, the lungs and kidneys work more actively, the heart beats faster. At the same time, urination is “adjusted” - the frequent urge to go to the toilet “little by little” will no longer bother the woman, as at the beginning of pregnancy. But there may be a problem with bowel movement: the growing uterus puts pressure on it, bowel function slows down, which can lead to constipation.

Stomach

At the 12th week of pregnancy, the expectant mother can already feel how her belly is slowly beginning to enlarge. Usually, if pregnancy is new for a woman, then the tummy begins to grow later; at week 12 it has practically not increased, the expectant mother feels comfortable and ordinary clothes still fit her. If this is not the woman’s first pregnancy, then the belly usually begins to enlarge earlier, often forcing the expectant mother to start looking for looser-fitting clothes already at 12 weeks. Often, the growth of the abdomen is accompanied by itching; this is a kind of “hint” for a woman to worry about choosing suitable products that will help avoid the formation of stretch marks, not only on the stomach, but also on the chest and hips. In addition, on the stomach, at the 12th week of pregnancy, it can be indicated by pigment spots and a dark stripe, which, starting from the navel, goes down. Experts reassure: there is nothing wrong with this, these phenomena are temporary and are not a cause for concern.

Uterus at 12 weeks of pregnancy

It is probably not difficult to guess that the belly begins to grow precisely in connection with the gradual increase in the size of the uterus. Thus, the uterus at 12 weeks of pregnancy usually increases to such a size that it simply becomes cramped in the hip area. At this stage, the width of the uterus “grows” to about 10 centimeters, therefore, it goes beyond its usual location and rises into the abdominal cavity. A woman can even fully feel and palpate its increased size.

Ultrasound

Typically, at the 12th week of pregnancy, the first ultrasound examination occurs, with the help of which the doctor determines the size of the fetus and also establishes the estimated delivery date. An ultrasound at the 12th week of pregnancy becomes a real revelation for the expectant mother: her first acquaintance with the baby takes place, she already distinguishes him as a tiny person who is destined to be born in the near future. Although such indicators are extremely important in an ultrasound examination, ultrasound at 12 weeks of pregnancy can also show other, much more important results.

Thus, during an ultrasound examination, the doctor assesses the condition of the uterus and determines its tone, analyzes the location of the placenta, excludes the possibility of ectopic pregnancy and clearly establishes how many fetuses develop in the womb. A woman can already observe her unborn baby on an ultrasound monitor, but without the help and explanation of a doctor she will not always be able to make out where everything is and how the baby is feeling now. Don’t be shy about asking the doctor for clarification - he can answer all the mother’s questions, thereby introducing her closer to her baby.

The doctor compares the ultrasound results at the 12th week of pregnancy with the indicators indicated in the table of normal values. This will make it possible to determine whether everything is going “as usual”, and in the future the indicators of the first ultrasound examination will be compared with the indicators of repeated ultrasound examinations. Thus, the specialist will be able to monitor whether the pregnancy is progressing normally and whether there are any abnormalities.

It happens that early diagnosis becomes a disappointing “surprise” for parents: an ultrasound at 12 weeks of pregnancy can already give an answer as to whether the baby is at risk of congenital defects or chromosomal abnormalities. Unfortunately, such diseases cannot be treated, and parents, learning about the abnormalities, are tormented by a difficult choice: keep the baby or still resort to termination of pregnancy.

An even more informative method for assessing fetal development and the course of pregnancy according to the norm can be screening at the 12th week of pregnancy. This is a comprehensive study that covers not only ultrasound, but also a biochemical blood test. A blood test involves measuring two markers in a woman’s body - free b-hCG (free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin) and PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A). In this regard, the first screening is also called a double test.

Optimally, screening is carried out three times throughout pregnancy, and the first is recommended to be carried out just between 11 and 13 weeks. The fact is that screening at the 12th week of pregnancy, which necessarily includes an ultrasound of the fetus, is aimed at studying the so-called “collar zone” of the fetus. Such a study makes it possible to exclude gross malformations of the fetus and even anomalies that are incompatible with life. The collar zone - the area of the neck between the skin and soft tissues in which fluid accumulates - is a non-permanent marker. As the baby develops, the norms of the collar space change, and therefore its examination must be carried out strictly within certain periods. And, in addition, the analysis of the state of the collar zone can be carried out provided that the operator is highly qualified and specially trained, otherwise the presumptive diagnosis can be strongly doubted.

In turn, a study of hormone levels (free b-hCG and PAPP-A) carried out as part of screening makes it possible to determine the degree of risk of developing certain abnormalities in the fetus. For example, an average increase in the values of free b-hCG by half may be a reason for suspicion of the presence of trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) in the fetus, a decrease - trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome).

However, despite the high information content, screening at the 12th week of pregnancy is by no means a reason for a final analysis. This study only establishes the degree of risk and the possibility of having trisomy 21, trisomy 18, as well as a neural tube defect. Screening results become the basis for further research using special methods. Among other things, if the tests are questionable, the doctor usually refers the expectant mother to a geneticist, who, in turn, recommends other additional studies.

Analyzes

In addition to an ultrasound examination and a biochemical blood test, the doctor may prescribe some other tests for the expectant mother at the 12th week of pregnancy. Usually, a woman has to undergo all scheduled tests when registering at the antenatal clinic. But it happens that tests at the 12th week of pregnancy may be needed due to a woman’s late visit to the gynecologist about pregnancy. Or it happens that tests at the 12th week of pregnancy are needed for an extended examination of the expectant mother in connection with her condition - as an additional control tool.

In addition to the traditional blood test for AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis B, blood type and Rh factor, by this time a blood test for sugar, as well as a biochemical analysis, should already be taken. Among other things, an analysis at the 12th week of pregnancy, examining “biochemistry”, will determine the level of hCG in the body of the expectant mother. And a biochemical blood test is carried out, as mentioned above, as part of a screening examination of the pregnant woman. If there are any suspicions of specific diseases, the woman may also be sent for hormone tests and tests for urogenital infections.

Fetus at 12 weeks of gestation

All these actions are necessary both to monitor the condition of the expectant mother and to carefully monitor the formation and normal development of the fetus at 12 weeks of pregnancy. At this stage, it has already grown significantly: the fetus is at the 12th week of pregnancy, 10 weeks old, weighs about 14 g, and reaches a length of 6 to 9 cm (from the crown to the tailbone). From this moment on, by the way, his growth rate and length are a much more important indicator for doctors than his weight.

The fetus at the 12th week of pregnancy is already practically formed, all its systems and organs are actively working and continue to develop. So, the fingers are divided and marigolds form on them, a unique imprint is formed on the pads of the fingers, the top layer of skin is renewed, and where eyebrows and eyelashes will appear in the future, fluff appears. Vellus hairs also appear on both the chin and upper lip.

By the way, the fetus at the 12th week of pregnancy already actively “expresses emotions” with its face: it grimaces, opens and closes its mouth, and even puts a finger in its mouth. At the same time, the baby waves its arms and legs, and also tumbles and “swims” freely in the mother’s womb.

At this stage, the baby’s internal organs, in parallel with the fact that they are functioning, still continue to develop. The baby’s intestines, having “taken” their place, periodically contract, the liver synthesizes bile, and the pituitary gland and thyroid gland produce hormones and iodine. Bone tissue continues to mature, the baby’s muscles become stronger, the heart beats quickly, the kidneys and nervous system work fully. And at this stage, in addition to red blood cells, leukocytes also begin to form in the fetal blood - the immune system is increasingly improved.

Pain

All this “magic” that happens in mom’s tummy should not normally be accompanied by painful sensations. True, mild and mild pain in the 12th week of pregnancy, felt in the lower abdomen, can be explained by the tension of the ligaments that support the growing uterus. At the same time, doctors often justify lower back pain by a change in the center of gravity due to a gradually growing abdomen, and also by a softening of the supporting ligaments and discs under the influence of progesterone.

At the same time, lower back pain can also be caused by a bladder infection, so in such a situation it is still better to consult a doctor and, if necessary, undergo an examination. It would also be useful to consult a specialist if pain in the lower abdomen appears periodically during the 12th week of pregnancy, is aching and pulling, and also if pain in the lower abdomen lasts for 2-3 hours. And, moreover, they are accompanied by bloody discharge - this dangerous sign indicates the threat of premature termination of pregnancy. If a woman reacts in time when painful sensations appear, a miscarriage can be avoided, so it is necessary to seek help immediately.

Discharge

Bloody, even minor ones, should always alert a woman. Moreover, if they are also accompanied by abdominal pain - all this indicates the risk of spontaneous abortion. But spotting that appears after a gynecological examination or sexual intercourse can be explained by erosion of the cervix. And this condition is also a sufficient reason to contact a specialist and undergo additional examination.

Normally, discharge at the 12th week of pregnancy is moderate, light or with a milky tint, uniform consistency and a slight sour odor. There should be no pus, mucus, green or yellow, cheesy discharge or discharge with a strong and unpleasant odor: such discharge becomes a sign of infection. A change in the consistency and color of the discharge may be a symptom of thrush, chlamydia, or trichomoniasis, which require mandatory treatment, because the infection is quite capable of affecting the fetus.

Bleeding

Bleeding at the 12th week of pregnancy always requires consultation with a doctor, because it is always defined as a very dangerous sign. Although bleeding of various types is considered a fairly common occurrence in the early stages of pregnancy, you should never take risks and let the situation take its course - in order to prevent a possible miscarriage, the harbinger of which is bleeding at the 12th week of pregnancy.

Bleeding, which is accompanied by cramping or nagging pain in the lower abdomen and painful sensations in the lower back, is especially dangerous. Indeed, in addition to the threat of spontaneous abortion, such bleeding may also indicate an ectopic pregnancy - a complex and pathological pregnancy that poses a threat to the health and life of a woman.

The twelfth week ends one of the critical periods of pregnancy - the first trimester, after which the baby will no longer be afraid of most anomalies and malformations. But for now, in this last and important week of the first trimester, you still need to take care, including colds.

A cold in the early stages can cause a lot of trouble: provoke the development of placental insufficiency, fetal hypoxia, and significantly increase the risk of miscarriage. After all, if suffered on the feet and “untreated,” a cold at the 12th week of pregnancy still remains a significant danger: it can cause malformations of the baby, even incompatible with life, which can ultimately result in spontaneous abortion.

The situation is significantly complicated by the fact that colds in the early stages of pregnancy cannot be treated with medications to avoid negative consequences. In this case, only traditional medicine and some herbal remedies are suitable - and then only after consultation with a doctor.

Rest and bed rest are mandatory for a woman during the treatment of a cold. Drinking plenty of fluids (warm, but not hot) is recommended - herbal teas, rosehip decoction, berry fruit drinks made from lingonberries, raspberries, and currants. Honey is also useful - albeit in small quantities, since it has a strong allergenic effect. Honey can be added to tea or drunk with warm milk. Warm milk mixed with Borjomi mineral water is also considered a good remedy for treating colds, primarily against coughs. You can also fight a cough with the help of marshmallow mixture, syrup or Doctor MOM lozenges, Gedelix.

It is imperative to consult a doctor again if a cold at the 12th week of pregnancy does not go away within 3-4 days, if its symptoms intensify, headaches are observed against the background of the cold, and a cough accompanied by wheezing does not go away. Moreover, mandatory consultation with a specialist is required if a cold at 12 weeks of pregnancy is accompanied by a high temperature - 38 degrees or more.

Temperature

The temperature at the 12th week of pregnancy, which is slightly above normal and fluctuates around 37-37.5 degrees, can be either a variant of the norm (this is how the body reacts to increased levels of progesterone in a woman’s body) or indicate hidden diseases. Tests will help identify these diseases - usually inflammatory ones provoke changes in the levels of leukocytes, as well as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). And yet, more often than not, a slightly elevated temperature at the 12th week of pregnancy is a characteristic feature of the expectant mother’s body.

But a noticeable high temperature at the 12th week of pregnancy, accompanying any disease, poses a significant threat to the baby. Thus, under the influence of high temperatures, pregnancy loss can occur even at this stage, therefore a long-lasting high temperature is simply not acceptable. But most antipyretic drugs are prohibited at the 12th week of pregnancy (the only exception is paracetamol, and then only with the permission of a doctor). So what to do?

First of all, do not “disdain” folk methods of lowering the temperature - rubbing with cool water with the addition of a small amount of vinegar, wet and cool lotions on the ankles and hands, a cool shower. But all this is only after a doctor has been called to your home: he will help determine the degree of danger of high fever and prescribe a dosage in which paracetamol will not cause much harm.

Alcohol

You should also abstain from alcohol during the 12th week of pregnancy, as well as during the entire period of pregnancy. A conscientious mother is clearly interested in ensuring that her baby is born as a full-fledged and healthy baby, while alcohol at 12 weeks of pregnancy, consumed even in the smallest doses, can prevent this.

At this stage, the formation of the brain is still ongoing, and no specialist will take the responsibility to guess how alcohol will affect this process. Thus, alcohol can cause irreparable damage to brain cells - even destroying some of them, which will not recover in the future. The effects of alcohol can appear in this case even several years after the baby is born: at some point it will become clear that the child has difficulty learning, is overly excitable and hyperactive, and suffers from poor memory.

In a more severe case, alcohol at 12 weeks of pregnancy can still cause severe malformations of the child and physical deformities, affecting the formation of bone tissue and muscle development. Alcohol in large quantities, constantly penetrating the placenta to the baby and having a toxic effect on it, can even lead to miscarriage. Therefore, alcohol at 12 weeks of pregnancy should definitely be excluded from the life of the expectant mother.

But if a woman feels satisfactory and there are no contraindications for carnal pleasures, it is not at all necessary to refuse sex. Moreover, at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy, toxicosis and its accompanying symptoms slowly recede, the woman enters a certain period of “heyday” and the dangers that were characteristic in the early stages of pregnancy also gradually become a thing of the past.

The only contraindication to sex, both in the first weeks and in the 12th week of pregnancy, may be the threat of miscarriage. And then, in this case, restrictions on sex are usually imposed by doctors just before the 12th week. Other reasons that will be a reason for a woman to take care may be a multiple pregnancy and a low location of the placenta (this will be determined by a routine ultrasound). If pregnancy is not accompanied by such characteristic “features”, sex at 12 weeks can be safely practiced.

The only thing is not to be too active and not “overzealous”, avoiding pressure from the partner on the stomach and monitoring internal sensations after sexual intercourse. For example, cramps that can appear after carnal pleasures are usually classified as normal. But, if cramps do not go away for some time after sex, and are also accompanied by bleeding, you should immediately call a doctor.

You should also, if possible, consult a doctor if you experience spotting after sex at 12 weeks of pregnancy, but it is not accompanied by pain. This sign may indicate that a pregnant woman has cervical erosion.

Nutrition

Nutrition at the 12th week of pregnancy must be complete and balanced: the baby’s rapidly developing body needs as much nutrients and nutrients as possible. They are found in required quantities in “healthy” foods: meat and fish, dairy and fermented milk products, cereals, vegetables and fruits. Moreover, the method of their preparation occupies an important place: it is better to boil or bake food when cooking (fried food causes heartburn), vegetables and fruits are eaten raw (fiber improves intestinal motility and reduces the likelihood of developing constipation).

A full breakfast is important; it is advisable to always eat a portion of the first meal as a starter, and dinner should be light. It is better to eat, again, more often, but in small portions, avoiding overeating. If some foods suddenly begin to cause aversion in a woman due to pregnancy, you can always find an “alternative” to them: for example, if you do not want and do not accept meat, you can completely replace it with fish. Don't like boiled fish? You can try baking it. Yes, and one more thing: there is no point in torturing yourself and trying to “squeeze” into the stomach a product that the expectant mother simply does not like at the moment, but which, according to all the characteristics, is extremely useful for pregnant women. For example, many women during pregnancy simply cannot look at cottage cheese, even though it seems to bring exceptional benefits to the body of mother and baby. But food eaten forcefully will definitely not be good for future use, so it’s still better not to go against your taste “senses”.

The third month of pregnancy ends and in most cases, attacks of nausea and dizziness pass. It's time to tell your family that there will be an addition to the family. In addition, your belly becomes noticeable and many friends will themselves wonder if you are expecting a baby.

This week is the time to see your baby on screen for the first time during a routine ultrasound. Despite the fact that the fetus's sexual characteristics have already been determined, it is unlikely that a specialist will be able to see and tell you the sex of the child.

Changes in the body of the expectant mother and sensations

But during this period, the likelihood of miscarriage decreases and you are already getting used to the idea of future motherhood.
In approximately 60% of cases, frequent urination begins to worry the pregnant woman less.
Mild tachycardia is possible. This is due to an increase in blood volume for the uninterrupted delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.
Hormones still rule your life. Emotionality will not go away and changes in mood are your constant companion.
In its normal state, the uterus is flat and relatively small; by the 12th week it usually increases to a pear-shaped ball 11-13 cm in diameter. It no longer fits well in the pelvis and begins to rise into the abdominal cavity, which provokes a slight visual enlargement of the abdomen.
The uterus grows quite slowly - by 1 cm every 7 days, but this is still enough for the growing fetus.
Most women at this stage look especially beautiful: their complexion changes, their hair becomes silkier. This is due to the action of hormones.
But the work of hormones does not always give women only pleasant results. For example, an increase in pregnancy hormone levels often leads to heartburn, which is almost impossible to get rid of. You can only use preventive measures: small portions, a categorical “no” to fried and spicy foods.
Changes in the condition of the skin may begin. For example, the pigmentation around the nipple becomes darker.
Hormonal fluctuations can cause metabolic disturbances. The consequence of this is often acne, which can appear on the face, back and even on the chest.
Some women develop strange brown spots on the face and neck. This pigmentation will disappear immediately after childbirth.

Discharge at 12 weeks of pregnancy

Discharge of white and yellowish colors is considered normal. If you observe blood impurities, a sharp increase in discharge, itching, burning, or an unpleasant odor, you need to contact a gynecologist in the LCD.

Remember the ban on unhealthy foods. Do not forget about the individual characteristics of the body. It happens that the body reacts poorly to a completely ordinary product - for example, potatoes. Eliminate inappropriate foods from your diet.

Chew your food thoroughly and eat slowly.
Don't eat before bed.
Avoid carbonated drinks, citrus juices and spicy foods.
Avoid hot showers because they dry out your skin.
Avoid putting pressure on your stomach - sleep on your side or back.

Changes in the fetus this week

The size of the fruit is now from 12 to 12.5 cm in length, weight - about 14 g.
At this time, the baby’s head and chin begin to straighten, the chin slowly rises from the chest.
Your baby makes his first attempts to breathe with amniotic fluid to strengthen his lungs.
The baby's digestive system is already beginning to function.
From this moment on, the fetus in the womb begins to feel pain.
He spends his free time sucking his thumb, making reflex movements, reacting to noise and other stimuli.
The baby's facial features are becoming more and more defined.

Brown discharge during pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy

Frozen pregnancy

The diagnosis is made using ultrasound and a blood test for hCG. On ultrasound, the baby does not have a heartbeat. And the hCG level turns out to be too low for this stage of pregnancy. Abroad, in the case of diagnosing a frozen pregnancy at a short term, doctors take such a woman under control and wait until the body itself gets rid of the failed pregnancy. In Russia, they are usually referred for “cleansing of the uterus” in order to avoid the development of an infectious process.

Threat of miscarriage

If other causes of discharge in a woman are excluded, she is advised to abstain from sexual activity and go to bed. If there is heavy discharge, hospital treatment is required.

Retrochorial hematoma

Placenta previa

But while the presentation persists, the woman may periodically experience small placental abruptions, which is why the woman notices brown discharge.

Pathologies and injuries of the cervix

A polyp is removed from the expectant mother if cancer is suspected, or if brown discharge sometimes appears, but there is bleeding, which can lead to anemia.

As for sexual activity with benign formations of the cervix, it is not prohibited unless there are other reasons to limit it, and touching the polyp does not cause bleeding.

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Removal of the mucus plug

What are the types of vaginal discharge before and during pregnancy?

Vaginal discharge from any woman, even those who have not yet had sexual intercourse, is a kind of indicator of the health of her genital area. If a woman is healthy, the discharge is clear or faded yellow, odorless, liquid or mucous.

In the middle of the menstrual cycle, their number increases due to changes in hormonal levels during ovulation. With unprotected sexual intercourse, the amount of discharge also increases sharply. It is impossible to artificially “dry” the vagina; the body itself knows what to do. In addition, an increase in discharge is possible in the first days after conception and in the last days before the birth itself.

During pregnancy, many women often experience brown discharge.

Normal brown discharge during pregnancy

Brown discharge during pregnancy is not always a cause for concern. Normally, within 12 days after fertilization, the egg enters the uterus, where it attaches to its wall, and the process of implantation occurs. It is this period that is accompanied by discharge of a light brown or pink color with a creamy consistency. Most women often mistake them for the beginning of menstruation.

However, it is worth paying attention to the duration and color of the discharge. If they last long (more than a couple of days) and are dark brown with the smell of blood, you need to contact a gynecologist.

Brown discharge can be observed during the first months of pregnancy on the days when a woman's menstruation should begin. This is a light brown spotting discharge. This process is caused by hormonal changes in a woman’s body, and most often such discharge is not accompanied by pain or discomfort, but it is still worth warning your doctor - a gynecologist who accompanies pregnancy.

Dangerous brown discharge in early pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy

During pregnancy, a fertilized egg descends through the fallopian tube into the uterus and attaches to its wall. But in 2% of cases, the fertilized egg is implanted not in the uterine cavity, but outside it. In the vast majority of cases this occurs in the tube, but very rarely the egg may develop in the abdomen, ovary or cervix.

The most important thing is that the signs of an ectopic pregnancy are the same as those of a normal pregnancy: menstruation stops, toxicosis appears, and the mammary glands enlarge. A pregnancy test also shows the coveted two lines, and a blood test for hCG also shows the presence of pregnancy.

It is possible to determine that an ectopic pregnancy is only based on the first ultrasound examination (ultrasound). From the fourth week of pregnancy, the doctor may not yet see the embryo, but he may be alarmed by a number of points: the small size of the uterus, thickening of the tube and other indirect signs of an ectopic pregnancy; from the sixth week, the doctor can already see the embryo itself.

However, if all the signs of pregnancy are present, and brown discharge appears, sharp pains and cramps occur in the lower abdomen, which increase, there is a high probability of an ectopic pregnancy. With an ultrasound, the doctor can see where the egg is located, and if the test shows pregnancy, the doctor will look not only at the uterine cavity, but also at areas where an ectopic pregnancy may develop.

In case of an ectopic pregnancy, unfortunately, surgical intervention is necessary, and the embryo in an ectopic pregnancy has no chance of survival. The sooner such a pregnancy is determined, the higher the likelihood of preserving the fallopian tube. If the embryo has reached a large size, the tube is removed.

Sometimes the size of the embryo is too large and it can rupture. Therefore, if you suspect an ectopic pregnancy, you must urgently consult a gynecologist, since self-diagnosis and self-treatment in this case are simply impossible.

Women who have previously had surgical operations in the abdominal cavity, obstruction of the fallopian tubes, inflammation and infections of the internal genital organs, chronic endometriosis, and insufficient production of the hormone estrogen by the female body are at risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy. If a woman knows that she is at risk, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist as soon as possible and have an ultrasound examination.

Threat of spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)

If there is a threat of spontaneous abortion (this is what doctors call a miscarriage), brown vaginal discharge is one of the signs. Miscarriage occurs before the twentieth week of pregnancy and occurs for a number of reasons:

The presence of genitourinary diseases of an infectious or inflammatory nature (pyelonephritis, endometriosis, toxoplasmosis, etc.);
Termination of previous pregnancies (especially the first);
Heavy physical labor of a pregnant woman;
Rh conflict between mother and fetus (“negative” mother and “positive” fetus);
Genetic disorders.

In the uterine cavity, the fertilized egg, already attached to its wall, exfoliates, which causes bleeding. With brown discharge, a woman may experience nagging pain in the lower abdomen, dizziness and vomiting. In such cases, urgent hospitalization of the woman is necessary.

First of all, drug treatment will be aimed at maintaining pregnancy, and the woman will be prescribed strict bed rest in a hospital setting. In critical cases, when the threat of pregnancy failure cannot be avoided, curettage of the uterine walls is performed in the early stages.

In the later stages, a miscarriage occurs virtually like childbirth; the woman is given injections of drugs that stimulate uterine contractions or undergoes surgery. In any case, if a pregnant woman has dark brown discharge and spasmodic pain in the lower abdomen, it is necessary to call an ambulance and undergo hospitalization.

Brown discharge in early and late pregnancy

Presence of disease

It is not uncommon to observe brown discharge in both early and later stages of pregnancy in the case of a woman’s internal genital organs. Such discharge may be accompanied by cervical erosion. Unfortunately, the idea that pregnancy relieves a woman of gynecological diseases is far from the truth. An organism weakened by pregnancy, on the contrary, is more susceptible to various negative factors.

Cervical erosion is the appearance of one or more small wounds on the mucous surface. There are several reasons for this disease:

Due to sexually transmitted diseases.
Inflammation of the female genital organs, in particular the vagina.
In case of trauma (abortion, childbirth, sexual intercourse using brute force, etc.).

Usually it is asymptomatic and does not have much effect on the course of pregnancy, nor on the birth process itself. One of its symptoms may be that same brown discharge. In this case, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist who will select a gentle treatment that does not harm the fetus. But it must be remembered that after the birth of the child, treatment of erosion must be continued, since the presence of this disease increases the risk of developing cervical cancer.

Another disease that may cause brown discharge is uterine fibroids. Even though fibroids are a benign tumor, they can put pressure on a growing pregnancy and cause miscarriage. Myoma is not a contraindication to pregnancy, although it is much more difficult to get pregnant with fibroids.

A pregnant woman with a history of fibroids before pregnancy must register with the antenatal clinic as early as possible and follow all doctor’s orders. In cases of a large tumor, the woman is sent to a hospital, where she is under constant medical supervision.

Frozen pregnancy

This can happen from conception to the twenty-eighth week of pregnancy. The danger is that in the early stages, when the woman does not yet feel the baby’s kicks, a frozen pregnancy may not be felt for a long time. A frozen fetus remaining in the uterus for a long time causes intoxication of the body and, as a result, DIC syndrome (disseminated intravascular coagulation) is very dangerous for a woman.

Symptoms of a frozen pregnancy can be: frequent brown discharge with mucus, increased body temperature, vomiting, loss of consciousness. On an ultrasound, the doctor notes a discrepancy in the size of the uterus and cardiac arrest in the fetus.

In this case, the woman is sent to a hospital and the uterus is induced with medication (artificially induced labor). Unfortunately, the life of the unborn baby cannot be saved.

Hydatidiform mole

This anomaly is quite rare. Its frequency is 1:2000. In complete disease, the embryo contains a double set of the father's chromosomes and no chromosomes from the mother. If not complete, it contains a set of mother’s chromosomes and a double set of father’s chromosomes. Naturally, with this disease, pregnancy cannot be carried to term.

For a woman, signs of a hydatidiform mole may include periodic brown or red discharge, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. The blood test for hCG is significantly higher than during a normal pregnancy. A doctor can also see a hydatidiform mole using an ultrasound. In this case, the uterine cavity is curetted to remove pathological tissue and for an average of six months the woman is under the supervision of doctors and takes a blood test for hCG.

It is negative hCG levels that allow us to draw conclusions about the absence of pathological tissue. Hydatidiform mole does not affect subsequent pregnancies, provided that the pregnancy is fully examined and monitored by a doctor.

Brown discharge in later stages

Sexual intercourse, vaginal ultrasound

If the gynecologist who accompanies pregnancy does not prohibit sexual activity in the third trimester, then after intercourse you can observe slight light brown or pink discharge. This suggests that the cervix may be injured. The cervix, in preparation for future birth, becomes loose and susceptible to any influence. Sexual intercourse or a vaginal ultrasound prescribed by a doctor can provoke such discharge.

Placenta previa

Normally, the placenta is located in the upper parts of the uterine cavity. When presenting, it is located below and can block the os of the uterus. This position of the placenta causes significant harm to the health of the mother and fetus. Gas exchange is disrupted, which causes hypoxia (lack of oxygen) in the fetus, abnormal positioning of the fetus, causing complications of labor. For the mother, placenta previa is dangerous due to anemia and decreased blood pressure.

Particularly complex forms of presentation can provoke premature labor and surgical intervention to remove the uterus.

Symptoms of previa are profuse brown discharge with the presence of the smell of blood or bleeding, accompanied by anemia and decreased blood pressure. Heavy, one-time bleeding is possible. Presentation is diagnosed through examination and ultrasound. A woman with a similar diagnosis is sent to a hospital, where drug treatment and pregnancy control are provided. Based on the complexity of the disease, the doctor may decide to induce labor ahead of schedule or perform a caesarean section.

Removal of the mucus plug

Two to three weeks before the due date, a woman may experience vaginal discharge. Their color can vary from pink to dark brown. These are not diseases or pathologies. This is the release of the mucus plug and indicates that labor will begin soon. In this case, you should not panic, but call your doctor and provide this information. The doctor will tell you what to do next.

In any case, if a pregnant woman notices yellow, pink, brown discharge from the vagina, and at the same time experiences discomfort, nagging pain in the lower abdomen, you should not tempt fate. It is imperative to call an ambulance and wait for its arrival while lying down with your legs raised high. It is necessary to follow all doctor’s instructions and undergo the necessary examinations in a timely manner. You should not risk your health and the life of your unborn baby.

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12th week of pregnancy

Signs, symptoms and sensations at 12 weeks of pregnancy

The 12th week of pregnancy is the time when the expectant mother begins to feel much better, as toxicosis passes. Life-supporting functions are taken over by the placenta and therefore vomiting and nausea will no longer bother you. But the truth is that this only applies to normal pregnancy, and if your pregnancy is multiple, then toxicosis will linger for some time. The same applies to irritability and nervousness, emotional outbursts and hormonal changes in the body.

At the beginning of pregnancy, you may have lost a little weight due to toxicosis, but from the 12th week your weight will begin to increase by about 500 grams each subsequent week. All your systems and organs are working almost to the limit, this is due to the new life developing in the woman’s body. The main changes at this time will be an increase in blood volume, increased functioning of the kidneys and lungs, as well as an increase in heart rate. Another good news is that now you will not have to run to the toilet as many times a day as you did at the beginning of pregnancy. But another problem comes - constipation, they are a consequence of the enlarging uterus, which puts quite a lot of pressure on the intestines.

It is at 12 weeks of pregnancy that your belly begins to grow. The fundus of the uterus is located somewhere in the region of 10-12 cm above the pubic symphysis. Only women who are pregnant with their second child will be able to feel slight movements in their tummy; the rest will have to wait some more time.

Pain in the abdomen at 12 weeks of pregnancy

At the 12th week of pregnancy, the expectant mother’s tummy begins to gradually increase. If this is the woman’s first pregnancy, then the belly may begin to grow later, and at week 12 she will be able to wear any clothes that are familiar to her. If pregnancy is not the first time for a woman, then the tummy could begin to grow even before the 12th week. When the belly begins to increase, as a rule, a woman feels itching, this is a special sign for you, which seems to hint to you that it is time to look for various remedies that will help avoid the appearance of stretch marks on the hips, abdomen and chest. By this time, you may have pigment spots and a dark stripe that starts from the navel and goes down. There is no need to worry about this, this is a completely normal phenomenon, especially since it will go away on its own over time.

Uterus at 12 weeks of pregnancy

At 12 weeks of pregnancy, the uterus continues to increase in size. As a rule, by this time it has grown to such a size that it becomes too cramped in the hip area. It reaches approximately 10 centimeters in width, so it begins to climb out from the hip area into the abdominal cavity. A uterus of this size can already be felt and palpated quite well.

Ultrasound at 12 weeks of pregnancy

Basically, at the 12th week of pregnancy, the first ultrasound examination occurs, which helps to determine the exact size of the fetus, as well as establish the approximate date of birth. On an ultrasound, the expectant mother will be able to see her baby quite well, who at the 12th week of pregnancy already looks completely like a tiny person. Ultrasound examinations can also show much more important results.

These include the condition of the uterus and its tone, the location of the placenta, that is, whether this pregnancy is ectopic, and how many fetuses the expectant mother is carrying. If you have any questions during the ultrasound examination, do not hesitate to ask the doctor everything you are interested in, because we are talking about your unborn child.

During an ultrasound scan at the 12th week of pregnancy, the specialist is based on a comparison of your indicators with the indicators indicated in the table of normal values. This helps to establish quite well whether the pregnancy is progressing correctly and to ensure that no abnormalities or pathologies are present. In the future, the results of the first ultrasound examination will be compared with the results of subsequent ultrasound examinations.

Twins at 12 weeks pregnant

As a rule, if you have a multiple pregnancy, then by the twelfth week of pregnancy you already know about it. Such a pregnancy can be diagnosed during a routine gynecological examination, which occurs at 9-10 weeks of gestation. But if you find out that you have twins just now, it means that you took too long to register, or you were examined only at a very early stage. At 12 weeks, spontaneous abortion becomes less likely, and your twins are no longer so vulnerable to everything. The second trimester will begin very soon, and your babies will already reach a size of about 6 centimeters each.

Most likely, you have already done an ultrasound and monitored your babies. For many women, this is such a touching moment that when they see their future children on the monitor screen, they immediately begin to cry.

Screening at 12 weeks of pregnancy

Quite useful and providing us with a large amount of information about how pregnancy is progressing is a study called screening. This is a certain set of studies, which includes ultrasound and biochemical blood tests. A blood test is necessary to compare the readings of two markers:

1) free?-hCG (independent beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin.)

2) PAPP-A (plasma protein A, released during pregnancy)

Primary screening is also called a dual test.

Screening is recommended to be carried out 3 times during pregnancy, and the primary one should be carried out at 12-13 weeks of gestation. One of the most important arguments why screening should be carried out at this particular time is the examination of the fetal collar zone using ultrasound. This procedure will help us find out whether there are severe deviations or malformations of the baby that are not compatible with life. The collar zone is the area that is located on the neck between the soft tissues and the skin. A certain amount of fluid constantly accumulates in this area. Its number depends on the non-permanent markers. The baby grows and develops, so the norms of the collar zone also do not stand still, which is why it is necessary to study it at certain periods.

A study of hormone levels (PAPP-A and free b-HHC), carried out during the twelfth week of pregnancy, gives us an idea of whether certain abnormalities are present in the development of the baby. For example, if the fetus has a free b-hCG level that is twice as high as normal, then this indicates that the baby has trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), and if the level, on the contrary, is lower than normal, then the child may have a pathology called Edwards syndrome or trisomy 18.

But, despite the fact that screening at 12 weeks of pregnancy provides a lot of information, it is not a final analysis. Screening results can only serve as a basis for subsequent studies that involve the use of special methods. If the tests during a set of studies turn out to be questionable, then the doctor will most likely refer you for additional examination to a geneticist.

Tests at 12 weeks of pregnancy

An ultrasound examination and a biochemical blood test are not all the tests that a doctor can prescribe for you at the 12th week of your pregnancy. Basically, a woman undergoes all the tests that are provided for according to the plan during registration. But there are also cases when a woman goes to the gynecologist late and therefore the main tests may well be carried out at 12 weeks of pregnancy. Also at this time, special additional tests may be prescribed.

By the 12th week of pregnancy, you need to take a blood test for syphilis, hepatitis B, AIDS, Rh factor and blood group, sugar, as well as a biochemical analysis. If the doctor has any doubts based on the results of these tests, he will send you for hormone tests and tests for uroginal infections.

Fetal size at 12 weeks gestation

The fetus at the 12th week of pregnancy is already quite large in size, its coccygeal-parietal height is about 6-9 centimeters, and its weight is approximately 14 grams. From now on, experts will be more interested in his height and length than his weight.

All the baby’s organs and systems are almost fully formed and actively working. The fingers have already separated from each other, marigolds have formed, an individual imprint is forming on the pad of the finger, the top layer of skin is undergoing renewal, and fluff can be seen in place of the eyelashes and eyebrows. There are also vellus hairs on the upper lip and chin.

At the 12th week of pregnancy, the baby’s face is already capable of showing various emotions and grimacing. The fetus calmly opens and closes its mouth, and also puts its fingers there. The baby is already actively working with his arms and legs, and also turns over, somersaults and moves freely in the mother’s womb.

Fetal weight by week of pregnancy

The internal organs, although they are already actively engaged in their work, are still constantly changing and improving. The liver is quite capable of synthesizing bile, the intestines, which are already in place, sometimes contract, and the thyroid gland and pituitary gland are already producing iodine and hormones with might and main. The nervous system and kidneys are already working fully, the heart beats at the same incredibly high speed, bone tissue continues to develop and the muscles become stronger and stronger. The immune system also does not stand still; in addition to red blood cells, leukocytes also begin to be released in the fetal blood.

Lower back pain at 12 weeks of pregnancy

At the 12th week of pregnancy, the expectant mother should not normally experience any pain. An exception may be mild and mild pain in the lower abdomen; they may be associated with tension in the ligaments that support the uterus. At the 12th week of pregnancy, pain in the lower back may be observed; this can be explained by a change in the center of gravity, because the stomach at this stage of pregnancy grows very quickly.

But lower back pain can have other causes, for example, a bladder infection, so in any case, if you experience any pain, do not delay and consult a doctor as soon as possible. The same applies to pain that is felt in the lower abdomen, especially if these sensations are pulling or aching in nature, and also if they last for two hours without ceasing. The most important reason why you should immediately contact a specialist is bloody discharge that may accompany pain. This phenomenon may indicate a threat of miscarriage. If you seek help from a doctor in a timely manner, there is a fairly high probability of avoiding spontaneous abortion.

Brown (bloody) discharge at 12 weeks of pregnancy

Bloody discharge may indicate not only the risk of miscarriage; if it is observed after sexual intercourse or a gynecological examination, it is most likely due to cervical erosion. But in any case, neither one nor the other should be ignored; contacting a specialist remains mandatory.

At the 12th week of pregnancy, normal discharge is moderate, milky or light in color, with a slight sour odor and uniform consistency. If the discharge is purulent, slimy, cheesy, yellowish or greenish, and has a strong unpleasant odor, then most likely you have some kind of infection. One of the most common infectious diseases is thrush, trichomoniasis, and chlamydia. These infections are very dangerous for your unborn baby.

Cold at 12 weeks of pregnancy

The first trimester has come to an end and now most of the defects and abnormalities of the fetus will not be scary for you. But still, you should be a little wary of some diseases. These diseases include the common cold.

If at 12 weeks of pregnancy you get a cold and do not try to cure it, this can lead to certain deviations in the development of the baby, which in the future will cause a miscarriage.

The most important problem during pregnancy is that drug treatment will not work for you. Therefore, you will need to turn to traditional medicine or use herbal remedies. But the most important thing you should not do is self-medicate; first, be sure to consult your doctor.

If you get sick during pregnancy, you should only stay in bed. The drinks you drink should be warm, but in no case cold or very hot. Such a drink for you during treatment can be: rosehip decoction, herbal tea, berry fruit drinks from raspberries, lingonberries, and currants. Honey will also be very useful, but only in small quantities, because honey can cause allergies. It is better to eat honey not in its pure form, but to add it to milk or tea. A very good cough remedy is a cocktail that consists of 50% milk and 50% Borjomi mineral water. If this does not help, then you can try to cope with the cough with the help of Doctor MOM syrups and lozenges, Gedelix or marshmallow mixture.

If at 12 weeks of pregnancy a cold does not go away within 3 days, and also gets worse, then you should consult a doctor again. It is also necessary to immediately contact a specialist if, during a cold, your temperature reaches 38 degrees.

Temperature at 12 weeks of pregnancy

At 12 weeks of pregnancy, the normal temperature will be between 37-37.5 degrees. This slight increase in temperature is the result of an increase in progesterone levels in the body of a pregnant woman. But temperature can also indicate the presence of various diseases. To identify these diseases, you will need to undergo some tests. But, as a rule, a slight increase in temperature at 12 weeks of pregnancy does not have any serious consequences.

But a high temperature poses a very big threat to your unborn child. Due to very high temperatures, pregnancy may fail. You must remember that you are prohibited from using almost all antipyretic drugs, the only exception being paracetamol, but you still need to consult your doctor first.

Traditional medicine also comes to the rescue here, such as a cool shower, wet lotions on the hands and ankles, and wiping with water and a small amount of vinegar. But the very first thing you should do is call a doctor to your home, and only then do something.

Sex at 12 weeks pregnant

If there are no abnormalities during pregnancy and the woman feels well, then there is no need to refuse sex. Moreover, this period is significant in that the woman goes through toxicosis and begins a period of blossoming.

The main contraindication to sex was and remains the threat of spontaneous abortion. Also, the reason why it is better not to have sex at 12 weeks of pregnancy is a low location of the placenta and multiple pregnancies. If such deviations do not exist, then sexual intercourse should not cause any concern.

The main thing to remember is that you are still pregnant, so you shouldn’t have too much sex, and also watch your feelings after intercourse. If you experience slight cramps after sex, then don’t be afraid, there’s nothing wrong with that, they should go away fairly quickly. If you experience bleeding after sexual intercourse, consult a doctor immediately.

Nutrition at 12 weeks of pregnancy

At 12 weeks of pregnancy, your diet should be balanced and complete. Your baby is developing at a very high speed, and therefore he now needs a large amount of useful and nutrients. Healthy food for you will be: fish, dairy products, meat, cereals, vegetables and fruits. But healthy nutrition depends not only on the food, but also on the method of its preparation. Fruits and vegetables are best eaten raw, while other foods are best baked or boiled.

The most important meal of the day is breakfast, it should be complete and include a portion of the first meal, and for dinner you should get by with something lighter. It is better to eat small portions throughout the day, avoiding overeating. During pregnancy, certain foods may make you uncomfortable. In this case, it would be better to replace them with others, for example, replace fish with meat, or vice versa. If you can’t replace it with another product, you can simply change the cooking method, for example, if you don’t like baked, then you can eat boiled. Don't try to force yourself to eat something that makes you slightly disgusted.

Vitamins at 12 weeks of pregnancy

The body of a pregnant woman should be saturated not only with nutrients, but also with vitamins. It will be better if you ensure your daily intake of vitamins while carrying your baby.

1) Vitamin A (carotene) - it is not recommended to take it separately; the daily intake is 500 IU.

2) Vitamin B1 (thiamine) - is responsible for normalizing the functioning of the nervous system and takes part in the metabolism of estrogen, daily dose is 10-20 mg.

3) Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) - takes part in the metabolic process and supports pregnancy.

4) Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) - is the main element that promotes protein metabolism, the daily norm is 5 mg.

5) Vitamin B12 (cyancobalamin) - has a preventive effect on anemia and fetal malnutrition, daily dose - 0.003 mg.

6) Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) - takes part in the synthesis of sex hormones, daily dose 18-25 mg.

7) Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) - supports immunity and metabolic processes, and also enhances the effects of estrogen, daily dose 100-200 mg.

8) Vitamin D - acts as the main element in the exchange of phosphorus and calcium, the daily dose is 1000 IU.

9) Vitamin E (tocopherol) - normalizes the functioning of the genital organs and fetal development, also called the “fertility vitamin.”

Termination of pregnancy at 12 weeks of pregnancy

At the 12th week of pregnancy, the risk of abnormalities and various problems is much lower than at earlier stages. However, you should still be wary of colds and very high temperatures. Although the risk of premature spontaneous abortion has become lower, it has not disappeared completely. Signs may include pain in the lower abdomen, bloody discharge, and rupture of amniotic fluid may also occur, and you will experience very strong watery discharge. There also remain all those dangers that are associated with illness, poisoning, injury or psychological stress and shock.

Weight gain at 12 weeks of pregnancy

By the 12th week of pregnancy, you will have gained about 2.5 kg in weight. If the pregnancy is multiple, this figure will increase proportionally. But these are fairly relative figures, since each woman recovers at a different rate during pregnancy. The main thing is to focus on the general recommended parameters for the body.

Gender of the baby at 12 weeks of pregnancy

Determining the sex of a child at 12 weeks of pregnancy is very difficult, since there is a possibility of confusing the genitals on an ultrasound. Most often, the umbilical cord loop and fingers are confused with the penis. In turn, a girl can be confused due to passing swelling of the labia.

YOUR PREGNANCY CALENDAR

Now it’s your baby’s anniversary – he’s 12 weeks old! It is already so good that only the details will improve further. All the main organs and systems have already been formed and are actively working. Dear mothers, just imagine: the baby’s top layer of skin is already being renewed - the epidermis, the “old” cells from which are exfoliating.

Fetus at 12 weeks of gestation: gender, weight and dimensions

In place of eyebrows, eyelashes, on the chin and on the upper lip, vellus hairs appear. The fingers and toes have already separated and are covered with marigolds; a skin pattern is formed on the pads - a unique “fingerprint”. And although all organs have already been formed by this time, they continue their development. The intestines have “fallen” into place and contract periodically. The pituitary gland and thyroid gland produce hormones and iodine, the liver produces bile, leukocytes appear in the blood in addition to red blood cells, the kidneys and nervous system work, muscles become stronger, and bone tissue continues to mature. The baby is growing quickly, and now its length is a more important indicator than its weight. The amount of amniotic fluid increases - at week 12 it reaches 50 ml. The uterus is growing at a rapid pace. Before pregnancy, the uterus is located in the pelvic area and has modest parameters: it weighs 70 g and holds no more than 10 ml. But as the fetus develops and grows in it, it goes beyond its previous location and fills the abdominal cavity. At 12 weeks of pregnancy, you can already feel and feel it. Interestingly, by the end of pregnancy the volume of the uterus increases to 5-10 liters, and the weight after childbirth is more than 1 kg! The fetus is already very similar to a baby, it weighs about 14 g and has a length from the tailbone to the crown of the head of 6-9 cm. The baby is constantly moving, although the mother does not feel it yet: he tumbles, moves his arms and legs, his mouth, and even sucks his finger! Using a special device - a Doppler - you can already listen to the baby’s heartbeat.

Future mom

From the 12th week of pregnancy, you will begin to gain weight up to 500 g every week. Until this time, your gain, if the pregnancy develops normally, should have been 1.8-3.6 kg. If you have been suffering from toxicosis, you may even have lost a little weight. But from the second trimester, the expectant mother should feel noticeably better - the corpus luteum is obsolete, the placenta is actively involved in its work. However, if the pregnancy is multiple, then the “storm” can continue even further. It's time to start controlling yourself in food: don't overeat, forget about unhealthy snacks, remember your and your child's body's need for calcium and iodine, as well as the risk of developing constipation. Drink compotes, eat dried fruits, vegetables, do exercises.

Feel

At week 12, the unpleasant symptoms of toxicosis gradually become a thing of the past. If the pregnancy is “traditional”, then nausea and vomiting, and with them irritability, emotional instability, moodiness and tearfulness - all the “intrigues” of hormones - will become only an unpleasant memory for the pregnant woman. True, if mommy is expecting twins or triplets, then toxicosis will make itself felt for some time - you will have to be patient. You may have noticed that you are making fewer trips to the toilet compared to the beginning of your pregnancy. But all your internal organs are still working at an increased rate; due to the large volumes of blood, you may feel that your heart is beating faster. The uterus continues to increase in size, but this does not yet affect the size of the abdomen; usually, by the 12th week of pregnancy, the tummy has not yet become rounded. However, if motherhood is a woman’s first, and depending on her body type, in some cases a “hint” of an interesting position may already appear in the form of a slightly protruding belly. In any case, a woman personally can already feel some “roundness” of shapes and physical changes, even if they are not yet visible to others. The breasts are becoming more and more full, the mammary glands are preparing for lactation. As this preparation progresses, some itching of the skin on the chest is often felt. Itching in the chest may be accompanied by itching on the stomach and thighs - keep in mind that you are prone to the formation of stretch marks, and take preventive measures now. Don’t be alarmed if one morning you find pigment spots or vascular formations on your face - after childbirth they will disappear, but now you’ll have to be patient. Also a short-term phenomenon is a dark stripe on the abdomen, running from the navel down, which the expectant mother can acquire in the 1st week of pregnancy. This stripe is a consequence of the accumulation of the substance melanin, does not pose any danger, is not a defect, and after childbirth it will disappear on its own. Now you can feel a certain relief associated with the disappearance of the need to go to the toilet often and little by little. The uterus rises higher and stops putting pressure on the bladder, which means it no longer requires frequent emptying. Instead, another problem may arise - increased gas formation and constipation: instead of the bladder, now the uterus begins to put pressure on the intestines, worsening its peristalsis. It is quite possible that already at 12 weeks the expectant mother will experience occasional heartburn. True, this symptom is more often characteristic of later stages of pregnancy, but heartburn can still appear from time to time. The reason is the weakening of the septum between the stomach and esophagus under the influence of progesterone, due to which gastric juice moves down the esophagus, causing a burning sensation. At week 12, you can already worry about choosing a new, “pregnant” wardrobe. Now you should definitely get enough sleep and rest, choose comfortable shoes with low soles, and indulge in good emotions more often. Think more about your baby, about your friendly happy family, give yourself over to spiritual thoughts, learn to relax and be in peace. The most fertile period of the entire pregnancy is approaching - the second trimester.

Belly at 12 weeks of pregnancy: tugs, hurts

Pain of different nature and different localization is not uncommon for pregnant women. One of the most common complaints regarding pain is a complaint of abdominal pain. Experts reassure: if abdominal pain occurs from time to time, and at the same time “nests” on the sides of the abdomen, periodically radiating to the lower back or groin, it usually does not pose any danger. Such symptoms are usually explained by the “intrigues” of progesterone, or more precisely, by its effect on the ligaments supporting the uterus, which are now softened and increasingly stretched as the abdomen grows. Anxiety should be caused by pain in the abdomen, arising in its lower part, aching and pulling, possibly cramping. If you have such pain, and even more so when it is aggravated by spotting brown or bloody vaginal discharge, you should immediately consult a doctor. After all, this picture indicates the danger of spontaneous abortion, which can be prevented by reacting in time and taking all the necessary medical measures.

Discharge at 12 weeks of pregnancy

While progesterone “rules the show” in the pregnant woman’s body, the discharge remains slightly thick, of uniform consistency, light or milky in color, without any unpleasant odor, with a slight sour odor. Any change in the color of the discharge towards yellow or green-gray, the appearance of discharge with an unpleasant odor, with admixtures of pus, foamy or curdled discharge indicates the addition of an infection. Now, during pregnancy, when a woman’s immunity is weakened, genital infections are not at all uncommon. Most often, during pregnancy, women encounter thrush, or candidiasis, an infectious disease caused by fungi of the genus Candida. Changes in discharge can also be caused by the pathogenic effects of chlamydia, trichomonas, and cocci. And almost always, infectious diseases of the genital tract are accompanied, in addition to atypical discharge, also by discomfort in the perineal area - itching, burning, which intensifies after urination. If you have the symptoms described above, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible and undergo specialized treatment to prevent infection from reaching the fetus. The appearance of brown or bloody discharge should also be a “signal” to immediately consult a doctor. Bloody discharge accompanied by pain in the abdomen indicates an increased risk of pregnancy failure. If the separation of blood is not accompanied by abdominal pain, and is usually observed after a medical examination or sexual intercourse, most likely there is erosion of the cervix. In both the first and second cases, you cannot do without consulting a specialist. And if spotting is associated with the risk of miscarriage, you may also have to go to the hospital for preservation on the recommendation of a doctor.

Ultrasound

The 12th week usually becomes the first meeting between parents and their baby: the first scheduled ultrasound, if the woman has disciplinedly registered at 6 weeks, falls precisely on this week. But if for mom and dad an ultrasound is a way to see the baby on the monitor and experience genuine joy from this, then for a pregnancy doctor, ultrasound is an invaluable method for assessing the condition of the uterus and the development of the fetus. During an ultrasound examination, the doctor will examine the condition of the uterus and its tone, see the location of the placenta, and determine the estimated date of birth. The purpose of ultrasound at the 12th week of pregnancy is also the size and dynamics of fetal development. Already at this stage, ultrasound examination makes it possible to determine the risks of developing congenital pathologies or chromosomal abnormalities. Just remember that the results of an ultrasound cannot be regarded as a diagnosis: if after the session the specialist has any suspicions, the mother will need to undergo additional tests and undergo an in-depth detailed examination. The doctor compares all the indicators obtained during the ultrasound with the indicators indicated in the table of normal values. Again, the results of the first ultrasound will be used in the future for comparison with the results of subsequent ultrasound studies - this way the specialist will be able to monitor the progress of pregnancy and monitor the development of the baby.

Bleeding during pregnancy: should you tell your doctor?

Yes. Any bleeding during pregnancy should be reported to your gynecologist immediately.

Any vaginal bleeding before the 24th week of pregnancy is considered a potential risk of miscarriage. After 24 weeks it is called antepartum hemorrhage.

Those who have a negative Rh factor should definitely consult a doctor within 72 hours after bleeding, as there is a suspicion that the baby’s blood may be mixed with yours. If mixing occurs, the mother's body may begin to produce antibodies against the child's Rh positive blood.

Positive Rh is much more common than negative Rh. For the first pregnancy, mixing the blood does not have any consequences, but in subsequent pregnancies the body may decide that it needs to attack the unfamiliar matter with antibodies if the child is Rh positive again.

Below are the most common causes of bleeding during pregnancy. Not all of them are scary and dangerous. During pregnancy, minor cramps and tugging sensations occur, and this is normal. But if bleeding is accompanied by severe pain and cramps, immediately seek medical help.

Implantation bleeding

Breakthrough bleeding

Some women experience what is called a breakthrough period, or when they should have had their period. Thus, such discharge appears at 4, 8, 12 weeks, respectively. They are often accompanied by the sensations you usually experience with your period, such as back pain, cramps, heaviness in the lower abdomen, feeling bloated and lack of energy.

Of course, because you're pregnant, your periods don't come, even though you think they should. During pregnancy, hormones prevent bleeding, but sometimes, when hormone levels have not yet reached their peak and cannot stop the period, “breakthrough” occurs—breakthrough bleeding.

This can continue for up to 3 months, and after that the placenta takes responsibility for the production of hormones by the ovaries. There are women who experience breakthrough bleeding almost all the time during pregnancy, and under constant medical supervision, they easily give birth to healthy babies.

Threatened miscarriage or miscarriage

According to research, a third of all pregnancies end in miscarriage (the medical term is spontaneous abortion). It sounds scary, but don't despair, as this number includes miscarriages in the very early stages, the first 12 weeks, when the woman may not even realize that she was pregnant at all.

This type of miscarriage often occurs due to fetal damage, that is, the woman’s body rejects the non-viable fetus.

If you've passed the 14-16 week mark, you can take it easy.

The wisest thing to do is to refrain from announcing your pregnancy to the world until you are 2 months pregnant. Naturally, you may be bursting with emotion and joy, but if a miscarriage occurs, it will be twice as painful for you to again report a failed pregnancy. Compassion is important, but sometimes it can only deepen your grief over your shattered dreams of being a mom.

Signs of a miscarriage include bleeding, cramps, and pain in the lower back and abdomen. Women often say they "don't feel pregnant" when they have a miscarriage or bleeding. The main signs of pregnancy disappear - nausea, breast tenderness and a swollen belly.

If you are bleeding and you feel any of the above, there is a risk that you have lost your baby. If you experience bleeding but don't feel like your pregnancy has stopped, there's a good chance it might be, but overall the baby is fine.

A miscarriage can also happen without bleeding, which is often called "miscarriage" when the fetus dies but is still retained inside your body. In this case, signs of pregnancy will disappear, but cardiac arrest in the fetus can only be determined using ultrasound. A curette may be needed to remove the dead fetus.

Bleeding after intercourse

Bleeding after sex is one of the most common causes of bleeding during pregnancy. This is completely harmless and is due to increased blood supply and softening of the cervix. Although this bleeding is not a serious cause for concern, you should still report it to your doctor. Be prepared for a very personal question about whether you've had sex recently.

This doesn't mean you should stop having sex, but you may need to reassure your partner that he won't harm the baby and that he is protected in the uterus, which is much higher than the vagina.

Ectopic pregnancy

Occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube.

You may have severe pain in the lower abdomen on one side, or cramping pain, as well as weakness and nausea. The pain may go away suddenly if the tube ruptures, but will return after a few hours or days and feel even worse.

This situation is quite dangerous. An ectopic pregnancy can rupture the fallopian tubes and cause internal bleeding, which can lead to infertility. You may have to have your fallopian tube removed and end the pregnancy, but this does not mean you will have trouble conceiving in the future, as long as your second ovary and fallopian tube are healthy.

Placental bleeding

Another question you may hear at your doctor's appointment is whether you have had a scan and how the placenta is located.

Painless vaginal bleeding may result from abnormal placement of the placenta. Sometimes the placenta is located very low on the wall of the uterus, and sometimes it is located directly above the cervix. This is called placenta previa and occurs in about 0.5% of pregnancies.

It will inevitably lead to bleeding at some point in your pregnancy - usually after 20 weeks. There are varying degrees of severity of this condition, but all require repeat ultrasounds for an accurate diagnosis. To prevent the baby from being at risk, you may be advised to remain on bed rest or offered an induction or caesarean section if the placenta continues to attach to the cervix.

Another cause of bleeding later in pregnancy is placental abruption, which is when the placenta partially or completely separates from the wall of the uterus. This occurs in about 1 in 200 pregnancies. Symptoms include general severe pain and heavy bleeding. The bleeding may be visible or hidden in the uterus, which will be tense, firm, hard to the touch and very painful.

If you smoke, have high blood pressure, kidney problems or preeclampsia, you are at high risk of placental abruption. This condition requires urgent hospitalization, and depending on the severity of the bleeding, you may be prescribed bed rest, induction or caesarean section.

Uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids are masses of hardened muscle and fibrous tissue that can be found inside or outside the walls of the uterus. They can be both problematic and non-problematic during pregnancy - this primarily depends on the location of the fibroid and whether it is enlarging or not.

There is no consensus among doctors on this matter, but it is known that hormones produced during pregnancy can cause both a decrease and an increase in fibroids.

It is best to remove fibroids before pregnancy, as there is a chance that they will lead to an ectopic pregnancy, heavy bleeding during pregnancy, or miscarriage.

However, many women give birth without any complications. If you have fibroids, it is important to contact a specialist to understand your specific situation and determine the next steps. Avoid online self-medication as the matter is serious and should not be left to armchair experts.

What should I do if I'm bleeding?

If you are more than 20 weeks pregnant, consult your doctor immediately if you experience bleeding. Never use tampons if you experience bleeding during pregnancy; always take a gasket.

If the bleeding is minor and you are not in pain, still talk to your doctor or nurse. If the bleeding is heavy (stream or clots) and is accompanied by abdominal cramps, back pain and pain similar to menstruation, call an ambulance immediately.

It's understandable that you're upset, but try to remain calm and remember that bleeding happens during pregnancy, it's not an abnormality.

The blood belongs to you, not the baby, so continuing a completely healthy pregnancy and having a healthy baby is possible and most likely. Don’t be surprised if, with such complaints in the early stages (up to 12 weeks), you are advised to just watch and wait.

What to do if a miscarriage occurs

If you are experiencing a miscarriage, unfortunately, nothing can stop or prevent the process. Losing a child is always painful, disappointing and depressing, but the best thing you can do is take care of yourself physically and emotionally. It's not your fault that you lost your child, and there's nothing you can do to change it, but there are things that can help you feel more physically comfortable:

Bed rest
Paracetamol / Panadeine (drug for relieving cramps during menstruation)
A heating pad or bottle of warm water on your stomach
Tea and partner support

Along with the discharge, various lumps of tissue and an undeveloped fetus may come out, but soon the bleeding will stop. If the bleeding does not stop, you should immediately seek medical help.

Remember that in most cases, bleeding in early pregnancy occurs spontaneously, and after that, the pregnancy continues healthy and unharmed.