Food industry as a preservative E300. Antioxidants (antioxidants) E300 - E399. Dosing of nutritional supplements
Today in supermarkets you can find a huge variety of products, which are quite easy to get confused about. Bright packaging, seductive pictures, shiny labels, plus all this is complemented by promotional price tags, and we make a purchase. Stop, first you need to carefully study the packaging, namely the composition of this product. The fewer different incomprehensible words it contains, the better. For example, GOST condensed milk contains only natural milk and sugar, but the same product, but produced according to specifications, has a completely different composition. It contains stabilizers and emulsifiers, as well as various substances labeled E. Today we will talk about them: everyone should have a table of harmful food additives at hand to prevent their consumption.
What are various nutritional supplements used for?
First of all, you should be wary of the “E” markings - they indicate food additives that are used all over the world as preservatives and stabilizers, flavor enhancers, thickeners and leavening agents. All this is needed to improve the nutritional properties of the product, as well as increase its shelf life.
Why do we need a table of harmful food additives, and are all substances labeled “E” harmful? No, there are neutral, harmful and even dangerous, and therefore it is important for each of us to know them and be able to distinguish them. After all, the quality and duration of our lives greatly depend on what we eat. The more vitamins and minerals in the diet and the less “chemicals”, the better.
Natural or artificial
Despite the assurances of manufacturers, almost all additives are artificial and therefore potentially dangerous. These are chemicals of synthetic origin. Considering that even the safest of them sometimes cause a reaction in particularly sensitive people, it is clear that the table of harmful food additives should be known to everyone. However, there is one more subtlety here: not all manufacturers warn you that their product contains additives with the “E” index. They often make do with general phrases like “does not contain artificial colors or flavors.” Others note the presence of stabilizers and thickeners, but do not indicate which additives were used. In this case, there is only one way out: refuse the purchase and choose a more honest manufacturer. This is especially important if the product is imported, because no one can guarantee that it does not contain prohibited products. Perhaps this will allow you to look differently at the products in supermarkets, because, despite their attractive appearance, almost all of them contain preservatives.
What does the number code next to the letter "E" mean?
Below we will look at what the table of harmful food additives includes, but for now let's look at what these mysterious numbers mean. If the code starts with one, then you have a dye. All preservatives begin with 2, the number 3 denotes antioxidants - they are used to slow down or prevent spoilage of the product. All 4 are stabilizers, substances that help maintain the consistency of the product in the required form. The number 5 denotes emulsifiers; they work in tandem with stabilizers and preserve the structure of the product. The flavor and aroma enhancers that create the notes and shades we love so much begin with 6. Some products contain special substances that prevent foaming; they are marked with the number 9. If you see a four-digit index, this indicates the presence of sweeteners in the composition. The realities of life show that you need to know harmful food additives ("E"). The table will help you timely identify foods that should not be consumed.
Such different food additives "E"
This labeling may hide completely harmless and even useful substances, for example, plant extracts. This is the well-known acetic acid (E260). Baking soda (E500), or regular chalk (E170) and many others can be considered relatively safe E additives.
However, there are much more harmful substances than beneficial ones. You are mistaken if you think that these include only artificial additives; natural ones also have a negative effect on the body. Moreover, the more often they are used, the stronger and more pronounced their effect will be.
Healthy Supplements
You should not immediately return a product to the shelf just because it contains E. You need to look and analyze what substance is hidden behind it. The table of harmful and beneficial food additives will help you make the right choice. For example, the most common apple contains pectin, ascorbic acid and riboflavin, that is, E300, E440, E101, but it cannot be called harmful.
The most common beneficial supplements are curcumins, or E100 - these substances help control weight and are actively used in the production of fitness products. E101 is a common one that is famous for synthesizing hemoglobin and participating in metabolism. E160d - it helps strengthen the immune system. E270 is a powerful antioxidant that is widely used in pharmacology. To enrich products with iodine, the additive E916, that is, calcium iodate, is used. We can’t forget about lecithin E322 - this supplement supports the immune system and improves hematopoiesis.
Relatively harmless additives
Today the topic of our conversation is “Table of food additives “E”. Useful and harmful, they are ubiquitous in the most common food products. In this group we need to mention the dyes that are used by the most famous confectionery companies to give an attractive appearance to creams and cakes. This is chlorophyrol , or E140, green dye. Also known is betanin, that is, a red dye. It is extracted from the most common beets, the juice of which is an excellent tint for creams at home.
This group includes calcium carbonate (E170) and regular baking soda. Despite the fact that these substances do not pose a threat to life, in large quantities they can disrupt the acid-base balance in the body. E290 is ordinary carbon dioxide; all carbonated drinks are made with it. Every kitchen should have a table of food additives E. Useful and harmful, they are presented in such large quantities today that it is very difficult to remember what a particular substance means.
Additives to Avoid
Today the table contains 11 groups of additives, among which are dangerous, prohibited substances that are harmful to the skin and disrupt blood pressure. Since everyone needs to avoid foods that contain dangerous E's, we'll look at each group separately. You shouldn’t be negligent about your health and rely on the manufacturer. Many of them are guided only by short-term gain and do not think about reputation. Moreover, it is much easier to periodically close production and open it under a different name, releasing products with new labels. This is why you should know the harmful "E" food additives. The table will help you navigate and not forget what this or that code means. So let's get started.
Dangerous additives
This group includes many dyes, so if you see confectionery products colored in, think about whether you should take them to your children. Be sure to study harmful food additives "E": the table is updated periodically, so you need to update the printout, which is best kept next to the kitchen table.
This includes E102, namely tartrazine. It causes asthma attacks and is banned in several countries. E110 is a yellow dye that is banned in many countries because it causes an allergic reaction and nausea. E120 - carminic acid (research has not yet proven harmful, but doctors strongly recommend avoiding it). Red dyes E124, E127 and E129 are banned in a number of countries because they are carcinogenic. This also includes E155 (brown dye) and E180 (ruby rytol).
E220 - sulfur dioxide - should be used with caution in people with kidney failure. Feel free to put aside products containing E220, E222, E223, E224, E228, E233, E242. Recognized as dangerous
Very dangerous
If the previous group of additives is dangerous or potentially dangerous, then representatives of this category should be treated more than carefully. The fact is that the table of additives only gives you codes that hide substances that stimulate the growth of cancer cells. To completely avoid contact with them, you will have to give up most confectionery products and seriously reconsider your view of the diet. The simpler the better, so bran biscuits, cereals and fruit are the safest choices.
However, let's return to our conversation. The table of the most dangerous additives "E" includes dyes such as E123 (amaranth). It is banned all over the world as it causes developmental pathologies in the fetus. In addition, this group includes E510, E513E, E527.
Prohibited substances: table of the most harmful food additives "E"
It should be noted that Russia has very lenient rules for manufacturing companies. Only 5 additives are officially banned, although the number is much higher worldwide. This is E952 - cyclamic acid and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts. This product was discontinued because it was found to be a strong carcinogen. E-216 - para-hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester - is also prohibited in Russia. But this is not all harmful food additives ("E"). The table includes a number of dyes in this group - these are E152, E130, E125, E126, E121, E111.
Substances that cause skin rashes
Everyone can imagine the effect of carcinogens on the body, so you need to do everything necessary to exclude from the menu products that contain the most harmful food additives. Having a table at hand will help you stop in time and not make an unnecessary purchase. Women should especially think about it, because many conditionally safe supplements cause deterioration of the skin. This is E151 (black, shiny BN) - in a number of countries it is completely prohibited. Second on the list is E231 (orthophenylphenol) and E232 (calcium orthophenylphenol). Aspartame, or E951, a favorite sugar substitute for many, also has a number of side effects and is not recommended for use without special reasons.
Let's sum it up
You may find this table useful every day. A food additive whose harmful effects have not been fully studied should be excluded from the diet. This group includes quite a lot of different “E” - these are E124, E122, E141, E150, E171, E173, E247, E471. To optimize your diet and consume as few synthetic additives as possible, study product packaging before purchasing. The fewer different components and unclear terms there are, the better. Do not purchase unfamiliar products, as well as those whose packaging does not contain ingredients, and give preference to well-known manufacturers.
Avoid products with bright, unnatural colors. They may contain too many dyes and preservatives. Give preference to natural products, grains, fermented milk, as well as vegetables and fruits. This diet is guaranteed to be free of harmful and dangerous substances. To maintain your health for as long as possible, try to avoid products that use harmful food additives ("E") in their production. A table containing the main ones will become your reliable assistant.
Name: Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), E300
Other names: E300, E-300, English: E300, E-300, Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
Group: Food additive
Type: Antioxidants, antioxidants
Effect on the body: useful
Approved in countries: Russia, Ukraine, EU
Antioxidants are designed to protect products from discoloration, oxidation and bitterness. They can be of natural origin or synthesized chemical compounds.
E300 - ascorbic acid - an antioxidant that is a natural antioxidant. It has the properties of binding free radicals, thereby stopping their destructive function. can enhance the active effect of other antioxidants. E-300 takes part in various processes in the body and affects the production of enzymes and some hormones. helps increase the resistance of a living organism to a variety of viruses and infections, as well as improves performance and enhances immunity.
Application:
Ascorbic acid is used to preserve the natural color of meat products and protects products from oxidative phenomena and processes. Being a natural substance, ascorbic acid is naturally found in many plant products such as citrus fruits, potatoes, cabbage, peppers, black currants and others. There is especially a lot of vitamin C in fresh greens and, which is especially important during periods of exacerbation of diseases, in sauerkraut and onions.
Effect on the human body:
The properties of E-300 are varied and have a very beneficial effect on the human body. Vitamin C stabilizes the function of blood clotting, regulates the amount of lipids, and participates in the formation of connective and bone tissue. Ascorbic acid improves the functioning of the human immune system and provides protection to the body against various infections, as well as numerous allergens.
The permissible daily intake of E300 is 60-100 mg. It is especially important to note the following: if there is a lack of vitamin in the diet, a disease such as scurvy can develop, which causes swelling and weakening of the gums, leading to tooth loss. Hemorrhages may also form due to deterioration of the blood vessels. At the same time, cardiac weakness and rapid fatigue develop, which are accompanied by shortness of breath and a general state of malaise.
In order for a regular diet to provide the opportunity to replenish vitamin C, foods and vegetables should be properly processed. Ascorbic acid can be destroyed by improper heat treatment and long-term storage of food.
As you know, the role of antioxidants, or antioxidants as they are also called, is the ability to protect food products from bitterness, oxidation, and color changes. They are not only of natural origin - they often obtain antioxidants using synthesized chemical compounds.
Ascorbic acid or vitamin C, which is a natural substance, is usually used in the food industry in the production of meat and other products. During the heat treatment of meat, the natural color of the product is preserved when this substance is added, and the finished food is protected from oxidative phenomena.
In its natural form, food antioxidant E300 Ascorbic acid is found in many products of plant origin - citrus fruits, potatoes, white cabbage, peppers, black currants and others. Fresh greens, sauerkraut and onions are especially rich in vitamin C, which is so important during exacerbations of viral and respiratory diseases.
To supplement your normal diet with vitamin C, vegetables and other foods must be properly processed. Considering the fact that the natural food antioxidant E300 Ascorbic acid is destroyed by improper heat treatment, as well as long-term storage of food, you need to approach the cooking process and the choice of raw materials with all responsibility.
The benefits of food antioxidant E300 Ascorbic acid
Food antioxidant E300 Ascorbic acid is a natural antioxidant that binds free radicals, which leads to the cessation of their destructive effect on the human body. In addition, a special property of the food antioxidant E300 Ascorbic acid is considered to be the ability to significantly enhance the active effect of other similar substances.
It has been proven that the benefits of the food antioxidant E300 Ascorbic acid for human health lie in the fact that this substance in food takes an active part in many processes of the body. In addition, the antioxidant can affect the production of enzymes and certain types of hormones.
A positive effect on the human body can also be seen in the ability to stabilize the function of blood clotting, regulate the amount of lipids, and participate in the formation of bone and connective tissue. The benefits of the food antioxidant E300 Ascorbic acid are also obvious for the human immune system, since it provides reliable protection for the body not only against various infections, but also against numerous types of allergens.
The acceptable daily intake of the food antioxidant E300 Ascorbic acid is considered to be 60-100 mg per kilogram of human weight. With a lack of vitamin C in the diet, many diseases can develop, in particular scurvy - this causes weakening and swelling of the gums, which leads to tooth loss. In addition, even hemorrhages are likely as a result of deterioration of the blood vessels.
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The unique properties of ascorbic acid have been known since ancient times.
The discovery of a valuable product dates back to the era of great geographical wanderings. Sailors suffering from scurvy noticed that sour fruits and tea made from pine needles helped cope with the terrible disease.
Several scientists almost simultaneously obtained sour powder from lemon. Vitamin C began to be given to weakened sailors. Mortality from scurvy decreased.
A Hungarian doctor, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi, isolated a yellowish crystalline substance from orange and cabbage juice in 1929. The product is called hexuronic acid. Three years later, the scientist asked British chemist Norman Haworth to determine the chemical structure of the new powder.
The result was surprising: hexuronic acid and vitamin C turned out to be the same substance. Under the new name ascorbic acid (from the Latin scorbutzing), the miracle drug quickly began to gain popularity.
The significance of the discovery was so great that both scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1937.Ascorbic acid, L– (international name Ascorbic Acid, L-). Index in the European codification E 300 (E–300).
Alternative names:
- vitamin C (vitaminC);
- 3-keto-b-gulofuranolactone; 2,3-didehydro-b-threohexono-1,4-lactone (chemical terms);
- Ascorbinsaure; L–Ascorbinsaure (German);
- Acide Ascorbique; Acide L-Ascorbique (French).
Type of substance
Food additive E 300 is an organic compound. Belongs to the group. Ascorbic acid has four stereoisomers. Only L– is biologically active.
The antioxidant can be isolated from many natural sources: fruits, pine needles, currant leaves and berries, vegetables, rose hips.
On an industrial scale, ascorbic acid is produced by alternating microbiological and chemical reactions.
In the first stage, the reduction of the aldehyde group of O-glucose gives the corresponding sugar alcohol B-sorbitol. It is purified, a biological catalyst (for example, corn extract) and ammonium salt of nitric acid are added. As a result of a microbiological reaction, b-sorbitol is oxidized into b-sorbose. Ascorbic acid is obtained from it chemically.
Food additive E 300 is considered synthetic.
Properties
| Index | Standard values |
| Color | white, yellow tint allowed |
| Compound | ascorbic acid, empirical formula C 6 H 8 0 6 |
| Appearance | fine crystalline powder |
| Smell | absent |
| Solubility | good in water and methanol, bad in other alcohols; does not dissolve in oily liquids |
| Main substance content | 99% |
| Taste | sour |
| Other | is destroyed when heated or exposed to heavy metals. Not resistant to freezing. High light sensitivity |
Package
Ascorbic acid is packaged in double bags made of polyethylene film.
The bags are placed in a tin barrel or cardboard winding drum (usually 5, 25 or 35 kg).
The containers must be tightly sealed with lids.
Application
The main consumer of ascorbic acid is the food industry.
Use in products is controlled by SanPiN 2.3.2.1293–03.
The antioxidant is allowed in vegetable and fruit juices for children from the first year of life (300 mg per 1 kg of body weight).
Used in the preparation of the following products: 
- fruit juices and nectars;
- marmalades, jams;
- powdered and condensed milk;
- frozen and canned fruits and vegetables;
- vegetable and animal oils and fats (except olive);
- boiled and smoked meat products;
- bakery, pasta products;
- fish and seafood (including for surface processing);
- beer;
- dairy products;
- carbonated drinks;
- champagne wines.
The list is far from complete. This useful antioxidant is used in all food industries.
Main manufacturers
The only manufacturer of ascorbic acid in Russia that uses its own raw materials is the Marbiopharm company (Mari El Republic). The company occupies about 20% of the domestic market.
The additive E 300 is produced by the Vostokvit plant (Biysk). The company works on technical Chinese raw materials, purifying ascorbic acid to food grade.
The Altai company Carbonik plans to launch its own complex for processing grain wheat into ascorbic acid.
Among the foreign manufacturers we can highlight: the Chinese company Norcyst Pharmaceutical Group, the German BASF, Merck KGaA.
Ascorbic acid is not produced in the human body. Nor can it accumulate in sufficient quantities.
This valuable antioxidant comes only from food.It is important to include in your diet foods containing the E 300 additive. For good functioning of all body systems, an adult needs to receive 90 mg of ascorbic acid per day (children from 30 mg).
Tea made from blackcurrant leaves is beneficial. They contain more medicinal additives than berries. In addition, they have the property of preserving vitamin C when dried and boiled.
Of the foods, liver contains the most ascorbic acid.
The organic compound ascorbic acid or dietary supplement E300 is a related compound that plays a large role in the human diet by promoting the proper function of the body's bone and connective tissues. Ascorbic acid can play the role of a coenzyme for metabolic processes, a reducing agent and.
Characteristics of the substance
In the natural environment, ascorbic acid can be found in all types of fruits, black currants, red peppers, and onions. The bulk of animals and plants synthesize ascorbic acid. Only primates are able to obtain the substance only with food, since the processes of synthesis of this substance do not occur in their bodies. It is also possible to obtain ascorbic acid industrially. To do this, glucose is synthesized.
According to its physicochemical characteristics, ascorbic acid looks like a white or light yellow crystalline powder, which is highly soluble in water and has a characteristic sour taste. The chemical formula of the E300 food additive is as follows: C6H8O6.
Properties of the E300 additive
A popular form of ascorbic acid is the well-known one, which was first isolated in pure form in 1928. A little later, in 1932, experts proved that the absence of the food additive E300 in food quickly leads to a serious illness - scurvy. It is with this disease that the modern name of ascorbic acid is associated, which literally means “A” - “no” and “skorbut” - “scurvy”.
This serious disease is characterized by swollen gums, tooth loss, joint, skin and muscle hemorrhages. Other signs and consequences of vitamin C hypovitaminosis include high fatigue, heart weakness, decreased body resistance to all kinds of infections, and shortness of breath. In childhood, this problem is characterized by a delay in ossification processes.
In the human body, vitamin C helps convert bile acids, tryptophan and catecholamines into serotonin, promotes the formation of collagen, and synthesizes corticosteroids. This substance has a regulatory function in relation to carbohydrate metabolism, blood clotting and lipid levels, and promotes the formation of bone tissue.
Ascorbic acid is a very strong antioxidant; it helps the body synthesize interferon efficiently, performs a protective function against the oxidation of lipoproteins, promotes normal immunomodulation and prevents the formation of sorbitol from glucose.
The food additive E300, when absorbed, converts divalent into trivalent. It can bind free radicals, thereby stopping their negative effects on the human body. Among other things, the E300 food supplement helps increase the activity of other important antioxidants - and.
Vitamin E, with the participation of vitamin C, has the ability to quickly recover from its oxidized form.
Also, ascorbic acid takes part in most life support processes of the human body, it helps to activate hormones, improves immunity, performance and reduces human fatigue. Vitamin C can also reduce the effect of allergens on the body.
According to the standards of the World Health Organization, an adult must consume at least 90 milligrams of vitamin C per day; pregnant women should increase this norm per day by 10 milligrams, and nursing mothers - by as much as 30 milligrams. For children, the norm is considered to be from 30 to 90 milligrams of vitamin C per day.
Side effects from excessive consumption of vitamin C include skin rashes, irritation, diarrhea, urinary tract irritation, and allergic manifestations.
Application of vitamin
Ascorbic acid is widely used in the food industry. As a food additive E300, it can be found in fish or meat products, many types of confectionery products, and canned food. Ascorbic acid plays the role of an antioxidant in the food sector, which does not allow food products to oxidize and change their original color.
To prevent vitamin C from disappearing from food products, they must be properly stored and prepared. The fact is that this substance quickly breaks down during long-term storage of products, and also, if they are left in the open air for a long time in peeled and chopped form, they take a long time to defrost. All products must be cleaned and cut immediately before placing them in boiling water, or placing them in boiling water while frozen.