Field in its original meaning. Meaning of the word field in the Dal dictionary. New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova
(to trample) in general the place, space, space on which one labors or acts; an arena, a stage, a hippodrome, a place adapted for running, racing, arenas, games, wrestling, etc. Go out into the field. Arrange a field for cages, baiting, fighting animals. The field of battle, the place where it happened.
| * The field of life, the whole earthly life of a person, in everyday life. What career did he choose? what kind of life, or what sciences, craft and business he devoted himself to. The field of high-society life is empty and gone. The higher official field is slippery. The field of arts has now become breadless. Of the newest, Humboldt, in the field of natural sciences, excels.
| church a travel measure, and probably a daily passage, about 20 versts. Field, -schevy, related to this.
Dal V.I. . Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary, 1863-1866 .
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The following word meanings:
- What checked- he's something, turned around, and left.
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- priyuchali - they have themselves orphans. If only someone would shelter the burnt ones for a while! They've settled in somewhere.
The arena, the field of activity and even the time stage can be expressed using the figurative literary concept of "field". It is rarely used in everyday colloquial speech, but for many it is associated with creativity, self-expression, theater and play. What are the main meanings of the word? What is a "field" in a broader sense, available for everyday use? What other stable combinations with the word will expand and reveal its meaning for adequate use? About all this further in detail.
Meaning
There are several options for the meaning of the word. Some of them belong to the sublime style, and one is historically obsolete. What is a "field"? Let's consider in order:
1. Sphere or area of human activity.
The chosen field brought her true spiritual and moral pleasure, allowing her to engage in creativity all the time.
2. The activity itself, as such; vocation (exalted style).
Theatrical productions became the field in which he could express all the feelings and doubts that overwhelmed his soul.
3. Period of life or activity.
The earthly field of this century-old swing ended trivially - at the scrap metal collection point.
4. Distance / travel time or travel measure (Church-Slav.).
With a good companion, you can go through more than one field.
5. Place for running, wrestling or other competitions (historical significance).
The field of battle became a place of military glory for centuries.
Morphological and syntactic properties
What is a "field" in the morphological and syntactic context? The word is a neuter noun, inanimate. Refers to the second declension. Root: -field- and ending -e. According to A.A. Zalizniak belongs to 4a.
Singular:
Synonyms
A synonym for the word "field" is easy enough to pick up. It is necessary to take into account the main options for the value. The list consists of the following words: lists, arena, region, sphere, mile, verst, field, stage, career, place, future, fate, field. Each of the presented concepts replaces the original one in terms of meaning in a particular context, even preserving the style of the statement.
- Her field of activity was not limited to mathematics. The girl was fond of astronomy, economics and psychology, which allowed her to build an amazing career.
- Strong men entered the arena and began to warm up.
Phraseologisms and set phrases
Stable phrases are the following variants of statements:
professional/literary/life/political, military/theatrical;
Last / inglorious / military / bloody / historical;
Earthly/spiritual/peaceful/true/main.
- The historical field of the events discussed was the periodV- VII centuries.
- The literary field attracts not only talented writers, but also hard workers who want to learn how to "wield the word."
When choosing a new activity or trying to achieve significant results in the current place, you can often hear the word discussed above. What is a “field”, and what are the subtleties of the meaning and use of it in different contexts and situations, it becomes clear by examples, when considering synonyms and set phrases.
In the modern world, the following characteristics will be most appropriate: position, career, occupation, place of work and fate. The word "field" in colloquial speech will add figurativeness and expressiveness to it.
FIELD cf. (to trample) in general the place, space, space on which one labors or acts; an arena, a stage, a hippodrome, a place adapted for running, racing, arenas, games, wrestling, etc. Go out into the field. Arrange a field for cages, baiting, fighting animals. The field of battle, the place where it happened. | * The field of life, the whole earthly life of a person, in everyday life. What career did he choose? what kind of life, or what sciences, craft and business he devoted himself to. The field of high-society life is empty and gone. The higher official field is slippery. The field of arts has now become breadless. Of the newest, Humboldt, in the field of natural sciences, excels. | Church. a travel measure, and probably a daily passage, about 20 versts. Field, -schevy, related to this.
Sentences with the word FIELD
- His achievements in the military field also played a role.
- Ambition was strongly aroused in him, but he had no activity and career.
- I have never had a clear call to the field of the conqueror.
- The village began to appear as some kind of free haven, a nurturer of thoughts and thoughts, the only field for useful activity.
- The father warned that he was waiting for him in this field.
- However, he had to give up the military field early.
- Now he could rightfully enter the bureaucratic field.
- By the way, they did a good job in the field of propaganda.
- But, unfortunately, the teachers did not approve of his success in this field.
- In the field of poetry - rich lyrics, which replaced epic poetry.
- I was already eighteen years old when I again prepared to enter my field.
- The peculiar energy inherent in the Calvinists showed itself in the business field.
- Although knowledge is publicly available, it does not yet provide a basis for mandatory success in the field of science.
- Otherwise, the career of a young man in the field of a galley slave would have been very short.
- Accustomed to fighting the forces of nature, he became interested in the struggle of social forces in the field of commerce.
- My first spiritual breakthrough came at the age of sixteen when I learned to meditate.
FIELD
FIELD
Word field penetrated into the Russian literary language from the Old Church Slavonic language. In modern Russian, it denotes a sphere, type of activity, life arena, life path. The stylistic shade of bookish rhetoric, official solemnity is very palpable in it. For example, in the expressions: “to asceticize in the service field”, “end your life field", "work in the field public education"; Before him opened a brilliant field»; "enter a new field" etc.
around the word field not very numerous and diverse, but very stable phraseology has developed. It was mainly formed in the second half of the 19th century. in journalistic styles of the Russian literary language. But the very meaning - `occupation, life arena" was established by the word field much earlier, at the end of the eighteenth century. See, for example, Pushkin in Boris Godunov:
[Basmanov:] An important thought was born in his mind,
You don't need to let it cool down. Which
to me field will open when
He will break the horn of the tribal boyars!
(Moscow. royal chambers).
Wed in Gogol's "Notes of a Madman" the name of the hero - Poprishchin. The germs of this meaning were already indicated in the Russian literary language of the 17th - early 18th centuries.
As the morphological composition of the word shows: prefix on-, place suffix =search(e) (cf. game, flame, settlement, conflagration, ashes, arena etc.), root element ppr-(cf. prati, try-`trample'"). Initially field should have meant: `a place that is trampled on, where they walk' (see Preobrazhensky, 2, p. 105). In the language of Old Russian writing, the main meaning of the word field is the Old Church Slavonic `measure of the way', `stages'; `measure of a path about 2/3 of a verst long" (Greek. μíλιον ); `measure of a journey of one and a half miles'; `measure of a journey in a day's march' (Sreznevsky, 2, pp. 1203-1204). In the meaning of the measure of the path, the word field It is used in liturgical texts, in hagiographic literature, in chronicle style, in the language of travel and historical writings. This meaning was also alive in the literary language of the 16th-17th centuries. For example, in the Sofia collection of the 16th-17th centuries: “ field fathoms 700 and 50; there is only one field stage 7 and pol. Sizhoubo we are from the land surveyor priakhom ”(Sreznevsky, 2, p. 1204).
Prof. A. V. Markov in his study “Everyday features of Russian epics” wrote: “If you can dwell on anything, it is on the terms that distances are meant in epics. In their measurements, we see the complete correspondence of epic expressions to the data of written monuments. Both here and there to measure large distances are field(Kir. I, 41; Rybn. II, 150; IV, 48; Gilf. 1219, 1296, No. 34, Art. 150; No. 104, Art. 22; Quiet and Mill. II, 125, 182) and miles, and some are identified with others ”(Ethnographic Review 1903, No. 3, pp. 77-78). "For three field, yes, in Russian, say for three layouts"(Gilph. 1212). In the old "alphabet book" field explained as `verst - imat fathoms 750 "; but they considered field and a thousand fathoms (see Buslaev. Russian reader, p. 141). field is found in the life of Anthony the Roman, in the annals under 1259. Apparently, in the 17th century. measurement by versts finally supplanted the use of the word field, as a measure of distance, but cf. word definition field as a measure of distance, by comparison with mile -`49-42 miles" in Pamva Berynda's Lexicon of Slovene Russian (see p. 88). A connotation separated from this Old Russian meaning: `distance in general', `distance of a certain length.' from there we went through the hail far away field great ”(Speransky. From the old. Novgorod. literature, p. 59; cf. p. 79).
In close connection with this meaning there was another, this is `a space that has a certain length, on which the ancient Romans and Greeks asceticised in running' (see lines 1822, 4, pp. 1529-1530). In the dictionary of 1847 : "A place of a certain length and width, with a fence for running and running" (c. 1867-1868, 3, p. 758). fields».
In the "Trilingual Lexicon" Fed. Polikarpov placed such relevant words and their explanations here: “ Field - στάδιον stadium. Field- σταδιαĩος, stadialis. field flow σταδιοδζω , stadium curro. Near-brush σταδιοδζόυος, σταδιεους , qui stadium currit, qui statio certat, stadiodromus. The measurer σταδιαĩος, stadii mensuram aequans” (2, p. 24).
This meaning - ʻarena, place of struggle, stadium' became the main one in the Russian literary language of the 18th century for the word field and was preserved in the Russian poetic language of the first decades of the 19th century. Wed Zhukovsky in the poem "The Glove":
Before your menagerie
With the barons, with the crown prince,
King Francis was seated;
From a high balcony he looked
in the field, waiting for the battle ...
It is on the basis of this value in the high calm of the XVIII century. there is a figurative, phraseologically related use: field of life. In the Dictionary of the Russian Academy, this new meaning is interpreted dimly and indefinitely: “the course, the continuation of time of which. Go, finish the field of life"(sl. 1822, part 4, p. 1530). In the dictionary of 1847, it receives a more distinct formulation: “A known space or continuation of time. Pass the field of life. The field of war. The field of scientific activity"(sl. 1867-1868, 3, p. 758).
Obviously, it was in the Russian literary language of the 20-40s that the circle of phraseological use of the word began to expand field and in connection with this, the abstract meaning deepens and more accurately emerges - `genus, sphere of activity.' In Dahl's dictionary we find a broad reflection of new contexts for the use of the word field: « field cf. (trample) - in general, a place, space, space on which they labor or act, an arena, a stage, a hippodrome, an adapted place for running, racing, for arenas, games, wrestling, etc. Get out on the field. Set up a garden area, bullying, fighting animals. field of battle, `the place where it happened". // Field of life -"the whole earthly life of a person in everyday life". What career did he choose?`What kind of life, or what sciences, craft and business devoted himself. The field of high society life is empty and gone. Higher career is slippery. The field of art has now become breadless. Of the newest, Humboldt excels in the field of natural sciences. // crk. A travel measure, probably a daily march, about 20 versts” (words by Dahl 1912-1913, 3, p. 796).
The note has not been published. The archive preserved a manuscript (on 6 sheets of unequal format, written at different times), entitled "On the history of the meanings of the word field", as well as typescript with author's corrections.
Here it is printed according to the typescript, verified with the manuscript, and with a number of necessary clarifications and amendments. - AT. P.
V. V. Vinogradov. History of Words, 2010
Synonyms:See what "FIELD" is in other dictionaries:
Wed (to trample) in general the place, space, space on which one labors or acts; an arena, a stage, a hippodrome, a place adapted for running, racing, arenas, games, wrestling, etc. Go out into the field. Arrange a field for cages, baiting, fighting ... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
Field is an old Russian travel measure for measuring long distances; from the 11th to the 17th centuries it is replaced by a verst. These words originally called the distance traveled from one turn of the plow to another during plowing. Mentions are known in ... ... Wikipedia
See arena, career, place to finish the earthly career, to labor in the field... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M .: Russian dictionaries, 1999. arena, career, place; area of activity, circle, ... ... Synonym dictionary
FIELD, field, cf. (bookish rhetorician). Field of activity. Military field. Scientific field. “What field will open to me when he breaks the horn of the tribal boyars.” Pushkin. “There is already a wide field: know, work, but don’t be afraid.” Nekrasov. “Move…… Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
- (inosk.) a kind of life, an occupation to which we devote ourselves (a hint at the field, a place that is trampled on, on which they are trampled on, on which they act, arena for racing, wrestling). Wed The field is the most profitable and easiest to live at someone else's expense. ***… … Michelson's Big Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary (original spelling)
field- FIELD, arch. - 20 miles (author's note). - From the Unukov camp to the Ket prison, there are at least ten fields (2. 17). See Dal 3. 306: field "travel measure and, probably, daily passage, about 20 miles" ... Dictionary of the trilogy "The Sovereign's Estate"
FIELDS, a, cf. (high). Area of activity. On the p. of science. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
field- field, kind. pl. field (wrong field) ... Dictionary of pronunciation and stress difficulties in modern Russian
field- ace, high. 1) The scope of whose l. strengths, abilities, sphere of activity. literary field. Scientific field. I sat down in thought near the river, quietly rushing into the distance, and looked at the star cluster in the sky, at this future field ... ... Popular dictionary of the Russian language
- (inosk.) kind of life, an occupation to which we devote ourselves (a hint of a field, a place that is trampled on, on which they trample, on which they act, arena for racing, wrestling) Cf. The field is the most profitable and easy to live at someone else's expense. *** Aphorisms… Michelson's Big Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary
Books
- Entering the field of Great Lent, Archimandrite Kirill (Pavlov), Fasting is one of the most effective means in the fight against temptations. Our spirit constantly opposes the flesh, they oppose each other, therefore, if you want your spirit to be strong, ... Publisher:
(about 185 meters); travel measure;
Big (great) field- Western European travel measure - a mile, for example, Italian (about 7,395.5 meters), was equated to five simple fields or versts.
Mentions are known in written sources of the XI century. In the manuscripts of the 15th century there is an entry: “a field of fathoms 7 hundred and 50” (750 fathoms long).
The word is found in the Russian translation of the Bible: “and whoever forces you to go with him one field, go with him two” (Matt.). In this place, the word "field" is translated the Greek word μίλιον, i.e. a mile, a thousand steps.
« field- cf. (to trample) in general the place, space, space on which one labors or acts; an arena, a stage, a hippodrome, a place adapted for running, racing, for the stadiums, games, wrestling, etc. Enter the field. Arrange a field for cages, baiting, fighting animals. The field of battle is the place where it happened.
In modern Russian, the word field in a high style means a type of activity: for example, "to work in such and such a field."
see also
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Literature
- Romanova G. Ya. Name of measures of length in Russian / Resp. ed. corresponding member Academy of Sciences of the USSR F. P. Filin; . - M .: Science, 1975. - S. 19-32. - 176 p. - 9800 copies.
- Ivanov A. B. Number and measure. Historical notes on native Russian measures and money count. - M.: Encyclopedia of villages and villages, 2001. - 208 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-89673-018-7.
- Shmigol I. N. Old Russian system of measures / Reviewer: B. A. Permyakov, prof. Moscow State. Construction University. - [Smolensk], 2002. - 94 p. - 150 copies.
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An excerpt characterizing the Field
Approaching the forest guardhouse, Denisov stopped, peering into the forest. A man in a jacket, bast shoes and a Kazan hat, with a gun over his shoulder and an ax in his belt, was walking through the forest, between the trees, with long light steps on long legs, with long dangling arms. Seeing Denisov, this man hurriedly threw something into a bush and, taking off his wet hat with drooping brim, went up to the chief. It was Tikhon. Pitted with smallpox and wrinkles, his face with small narrow eyes shone with self-satisfied amusement. He raised his head high and, as if restraining himself from laughter, stared at Denisov.“Well, where did pg fall?” Denisov said.
- Where had you been? I followed the French,” Tikhon answered boldly and hastily in a hoarse but melodious bass.
- Why did you climb during the day? Beast! Well, didn't you take it?
“I took it,” said Tikhon.
– Where is he?
“Yes, I took him first of all at dawn,” Tikhon continued, rearranging his flat, turned-out legs in bast shoes wider, “and led him into the forest. I see it's not good. I think, let me go, I’ll take another more carefully one.
“Look, rogue, it’s true,” Denisov said to the esaul. - Why didn’t you pg "ivel"?
“Yes, what’s the point of driving him,” Tikhon interrupted angrily and hastily, “not a busy one. Don't I know what you need?
- What a beast! .. Well? ..
“I went after another,” Tikhon continued, “I crawled into the forest in this manner, and I lay down. - Tikhon unexpectedly and flexibly lay down on his belly, imagining in his faces how he did it. “One and do it,” he continued. - I'll rob him in this manner. - Tikhon quickly, easily jumped up. - Let's go, I say, to the colonel. How to make a noise. And there are four of them. They rushed at me with skewers. I attacked them in such a manner with an ax: why are you, they say, Christ is with you, ”Tikhon cried out, waving his arms and frowning menacingly, exposing his chest.
“That’s what we saw from the mountain, how you asked the arrow through the puddles,” said the esaul, narrowing his shining eyes.
Petya really wanted to laugh, but he saw that everyone was holding back from laughing. He quickly turned his eyes from the face of Tikhon to the face of the esaul and Denisov, not understanding what all this meant.
“You can’t imagine arcs,” Denisov said, coughing angrily. “Why didn’t you bring peg?”
Tikhon began to scratch his back with one hand, his head with the other, and suddenly his whole face stretched into a radiant stupid smile, which revealed the lack of a tooth (for which he was nicknamed Shcherbaty). Denisov smiled, and Petya burst into merry laughter, which was joined by Tikhon himself.
“Yes, quite wrong,” said Tikhon. - The clothes are poor on him, where to take him then. Yes, and rude, your honor. Why, he says, I myself am the son of Anaral, I won’t go, he says.
- What a beast! Denisov said. - I need to ask...
“Yes, I asked him,” said Tikhon. - He says: I don't know you well. There are many of ours, he says, but all are bad; only, says, one name. Ahnete, he says, it’s good, you’ll take everyone, ”Tikhon concluded, looking cheerfully and resolutely into Denisov’s eyes.