Presentation on the topic of transport in geography. Presentation on geography "the role and importance of transport." World transport system
The topic of the video lesson is “Geography of world transport”. Thanks to this lesson, you will receive a lot of interesting information about types of transport, its operation, characteristics and geographical features. The lesson describes in detail the main parameters of the global transport system, its problems and development prospects.
Topic: Geography of global economic sectors
Lesson:Geography of world transport
Transport is the third component of material production after industry and agriculture. Transport has a huge impact on the geographical division of labor, the location of industries, and international integration.
World transport system- the totality of all transport infrastructure, transport enterprises, vehicles and control systems in the aggregate. The world transport system was formed in the 20th century. The total length of the world's transport network without sea routes exceeds 37 million km: the length of roads is 24 million km, railways are 1.25 million km, pipelines are 1.9 million km, air routes are 9.5 million km, river routes are 0 .55 million km. The length of transport networks of developed countries accounts for 78% of the total length of the world transport network and they account for 74% of global freight turnover.
In the era of scientific and technological revolution, transport speeds increased, load capacity, comfort, etc. increased.
Types of transport by geographical areas of application:
1. Land (road, railway, pipeline, horse-drawn, etc.).
2. Water (sea, river).
3. Air (aircraft, helicopter, cable car).
Automobile transport. Road transport is the most common type of transport; it is younger than rail and water transport; the first cars appeared at the very end of the 19th century. After World War II, road transport began to compete with railroads. The advantages of road transport are maneuverability, flexibility, speed. Trucks now transport almost all types of cargo, but even over long distances (up to 5 thousand or more thousand km), road trains (tractor truck and trailer or semi-trailer) successfully compete with the railway when transporting valuable cargo for which delivery speed is critical, for example , perishable products. In terms of passenger turnover, road transport ranks first.
Leading countries in terms of highway length: USA, India, Brazil, China, Japan, France, Canada, Italy.
Automation of the world's population
(according to the analytical agency Autostat)
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Place |
A country |
Auto/1000 people |
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Liechtenstein |
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Iceland |
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Luxembourg |
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Australia |
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New Zealand |
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Rice. 1. Map of the level of motorization
Leading countries by total number of cars: USA, Japan, Germany, France, Italy. Currently, the car parks of China, Brazil, and Russia are growing at the fastest rates.
Currently, new highways are being designed and built, including those connecting different regions and countries.
Railway transport. Railways began to appear at the beginning of the 19th century in Great Britain, Belgium and France. Currently, railway transport plays an important role in the transportation of passengers and goods.
Leading countries in terms of railway length: USA, Canada, Russia, China, India, France, Germany, Australia.
Leading countries in terms of the share of electrified railways: Switzerland, France, Belgium, Russia.
Speed records on rails
Taiwan: Taipei - Kaohsiung, Taiwan High Speed Railway (THSR) - up to 300 km/h.
China: Wuhan - Guangzhou - up to 350 km/h.
Japan: Tokyo - Osaka - up to 276 km/h (Tokyo - Nagoya plan - up to 500 km/h).
South Korea: Seoul - Daejon - up to 430 km/h.
France: Paris - Strasbourg - up to 350 km/h.
Germany: Frankfurt/M. (airport) - Cologne, Munich - Nuremberg - up to 320 km/h.
Italy: Rome - Naples - up to 300 km/h.
Spain: Madrid - Barcelona - up to 350 km/h.
UK - Belgium: London - Brussels - up to 300 km/h.
Rice. 2. High-speed train "Sapsan"
In the 21st century, it is planned to create several transcontinental railways, for example: Istanbul - Tashkent - Beijing, Singapore - Bangkok - Beijing, Beijing - Yakutsk, Vancouver - San Francisco.
Pipeline transport was developed due to increased oil and gas exports. The longest pipeline is the Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean oil pipeline with a length of 4,700 km.
Leading countries in terms of pipeline transport length: USA, Russia, Canada.
Water transport: sea and inland waterways. This type of transport is considered cheap and transports mainly goods; for example, maritime transport accounts for 80% of all external transport.
Cargo capacity- the total volume of the premises (holds) of the ship intended to accommodate cargo.
Load capacity- the mass of the cargo for which the vehicle is designed to be transported; the main operational characteristic of the vehicle.
Leading countries in terms of fleet tonnage: Panama, Liberia, Bahamas, Greece, Singapore, Malta, Cyprus, China. This is due to the ease of registering a vessel in these countries.
There are more than 2,500 seaports in the world. The largest ports in the world: Shanghai, Singapore, Hong Kong, Busan, Shenzhen, Dubai, Rotterdam.
Rice. 3. Port of Shanghai
The largest navigable rivers in the world: Mississippi, Yangtze, Volga, Amazon, Rhine, Danube, Mekong, Ganges, etc.
Leading countries in the development of inland water transport: USA, Canada, Russia, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium.
Air Transport- the fastest and at the same time the most expensive type of transport. The main area of application of air transport is passenger transportation over distances of over a thousand kilometers. Freight transport is also carried out, but their share is very low. Mostly perishable products and especially valuable cargo, as well as mail, are transported by air.
Leading countries in terms of the number of passengers transported by air: USA, Japan, China, UK, Germany, France, Russia.
Largest airports in the world by passenger traffic
(according to aci.aero, guardian.co.uk)
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Place |
A country |
Airport |
Location |
Passenger turnover thousand passengers |
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Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, Atlanta |
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Beijing Capital International Airport |
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London Heathrow Airport |
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O'Hare International Airport |
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Tokyo International Airport |
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Los Angeles International Airport |
Los Angeles |
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Charles de Gaulle International Airport |
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Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport |
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Frankfurt Airport |
Frankfurt am Main |
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Hong Kong International Airport |
Largest airlines in the world
(BydataWATS Scheduled Passengers Carried)
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Place |
Airline |
2010 (thousand people) |
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Delta Air Lines |
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United Airlines |
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Southwest Airlines |
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American Airlines |
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China Southern Airlines |
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China Eastern Airlines |
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2. Federal portal Russian Education (). 5. Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation (). |
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
2 slide
Slide description:
Lesson objectives: to develop ideas about the sectors of the world economy; develop the ability to characterize the World Transport System, its problems and development prospects according to the main parameters; to form an idea of the differences in transport and its features in countries of different types; to form knowledge about the geography of the main modes of transport.
3 slide
Slide description:
D\Z clause 3 “Geography of Transport” 2. Work at the station. Show: on "3" 1. Transcontinental railways. 2. Largest airports (specify name) (4) 3. Largest ports in the world (3) on "4" + Largest international river arteries. (5) (atlasMap.ru) to "5" + Main oil and gas pipelines. (3) (http://xreferat.ru/96/page88.html) (mir/map.ru)
4 slide
Slide description:
Lesson plan: 1. Quantitative indicators of transport performance. 2. Transport network of the world. Structure of world transport. Regional transport systems. 3. The influence of scientific and technological revolution on the development of transport 4. Land transport of the world. 5. Water transport of the world. 6. Air transport of the world. 7. Conclusions 8. Consolidation of material.
5 slide
Slide description:
Transport structure Railroad, road pipeline Sea, River
6 slide
Slide description:
Freight turnover is the product of the amount of cargo transported (in tons) and the transportation distance (in km). Cabotage is shipping between ports of one country. Large cabotage - shipping between ports of different seas, for example between the Baltic and Black. Small cabotage is shipping between the ports of one or two adjacent seas, for example between the Black and Azov seas. 3) The carrying capacity of a vehicle is the maximum weight of cargo that it is capable of lifting, moving or transporting.
7 slide
Slide description:
World transport system THE SUMMARY OF ALL COMMUNICATION ROUTES, TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES AND VEHICLES FORM THE WORLD TRANSPORT SYSTEM (MTS). HOWEVER, THE WORLD'S FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION IS EXTREMELY UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED GEOGRAPHICALLY! Exercise. Analyze the map. Mark the regions of the world with dense transport networks.
8 slide
Slide description:
Regional transport systems HOWEVER, THE WORLD'S FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION IS EXTREMELY UNEVENLY DISTRIBUTED GEOGRAPHICALLY! RTS of North America 30% of the total length of MTS; 1st place in terms of cargo turnover; high level of motorization. RTS of Foreign Europe 1st place in density and frequency of traffic; high level of development of air and road transport. RTS of the Commonwealth of Independent States 10% of MTS; high share of railway transport in freight turnover; high rates of transportation range.
Slide 9
Slide description:
According to the level of development, the world transport system can be divided into two parts: transport in economically developed countries and transport in developing countries Transport in economically developed countries Transport in developing countries Lagging sector of the economy High technical level Interaction of various sub-sectors. The provision of a transport network, its density, and the mobility of the population are the highest. Lack of development of transport systems. The predominance of one or two modes of transport: railway - India, Pakistan, Brazil, Argentina; river - countries of Tropical Africa Horse-drawn, pack transport, and porters are still widely used to move goods. Transport mobility of the population is several times lower than the world average. These countries account for up to 80% of the total length of the global transport network. Horse-drawn, pack transport, and porters are still widely used to move goods. .
10 slide
Slide description:
Transport is the third leading sector of material production. QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS OF THE WORLD TRANSPORT SYSTEM: NUMBER OF EMPLOYED 140 MILLION. PERSON FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRAFFIC LENGTH OF COMMUNICATION ROUTES LENGTH OF COMMUNICATION ROUTES (in thousand km) 24000 Distribute the modes of transport according to the length of communication routes? ?
11 slide
Slide description:
STRUCTURE OF WORLD CARGO AND PASSENGER TURNOVER SHARE IN FREIGHT TURNOVER SHARE IN PASSENGER TURNOVER Assignment. Analyze the chart data. Answer the following questions: 1. Which mode of transport predominates in cargo transportation, and which in passenger traffic in the world? How do you think we can explain such differences in the participation of transport in turnover? 2. What type of transport predominates in cargo transportation in Russia and Japan? Why? 3. Which type of transport is almost not involved in cargo transportation, and which in passenger transportation? Why do you think?
12 slide
Slide description:
TRANSPORT AND SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL REVOLUTION Conclusion: Find the answer in the textbook on page 136 (2nd column), and also see additional text No. 18, 19 on page 151. INCREASING THE CAPACITY OF TRANSPORT ROUTES APPEARANCE OF NEW VEHICLES INCREASING CAPACITY AND CARGO CAPACITY INCREASING MOVEMENT SPEED
Slide 13
Slide description:
PIPELINE The world's most powerful main oil and gas pipelines are located in the CIS: “Friendship” “Northern Light” “Soyuz” It developed due to the growth of oil and gas production and the territorial gap between the areas of production and consumption. The first oil pipeline was built in the USA in 1865, 6 km long. According to their purpose, pipelines can be divided into the following groups: field - connecting wells with various objects; main pipelines (MT) - intended for transporting commercial oil and petroleum products from areas of their production (from fields), production or storage to places of consumption.
Geography of World Transport 1. Transport is the third leading branch of material production and the basis of the geographical division of labor.
Geography lesson in 10th grade
1.Transport is the third leading sector of material production
- Basis of geographical division of labor
- The volume and structure of transport traffic reflect:
- Promotes specialization and cooperation of enterprises and industries
- Helps reduce the territorial gap between the production and consumption of goods and services
Level and structure
economy
Accommodation
productive forces
Transport performance indicators
- Freight turnover.
- Freight (transportation fee).
- Cabotage (shipping between ports of one country).
- Load capacity.
- Airway (airline)
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Features of transport |
Transport network (thousand km) |
Groups of countries by transport availability |
Environmental pollution environment |
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World transport
World transport system – everything:- communication routes
- transport companies
- vehicles
- electrification of railways;
- the advent of hovercraft;
- magnetic suspension;
- increase in the length of electrified railways;
- increase in passenger turnover.
- number of employed – more than 100 million people
- total length of the transport network - > 36 million km
- cargo transported - more than 100 billion tons
- passengers transported - more than 1 trillion people
STRUCTURE OF WORLD CARGO AND PASSENGER TURNOVER
SHARE IN CARGO TURNOVER
SHARE IN PASSENGER TURNOVER
Exercise. Analyze the chart data. Answer the following questions:
- Which mode of transport predominates in cargo transportation, and which in passenger traffic in the world?
- What type of transport predominates in cargo transportation in Russia and Japan? Why?
- Which type of transport is almost not involved in cargo transportation, and which in passenger transportation? Why do you think?
See the map in the atlas
"TRANSPORT"
Changing the structure of cargo turnover Impact of scientific and technological revolution on the global transport system
- increase in throughput
- emergence of new vehicles
- increasing the capacity and volume of transported cargo (containerization)
Regional transport systems
- North American
- European
- Latin American
- African
- South Asia
WATER TRANSPORT
Analyze a map of shipping lines.
About which ocean can we say: “Great
world trade route? Between which
main shipping lines pass between countries?
Which state is the leader in terms of quantity?
major ports? What is the reason?
World rail transport
- The first steam railway was the Liverpool - Manchester line in England, opened in 1830 G.
- In the same year, the first railroad in the United States was built, connecting the cities of Charleston and Augusta.
- In 1833, the first railway appeared in France,
- in 1835 - in Germany and Belgium.
- And in Russia, the first railway St. Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo (26 km) was opened in 1837.
- the emergence of electric vehicles;
- the emergence of electric vehicles;
- change in fuel types (oxygen, hydrogen, diesel, gas, rapeseed oil);
- increase in the length of paved roads;
- increase in cargo turnover by 8%;
Class: 10
Goals and objectives:
Educational:
- develop ideas about the sectors of the world economy;
- develop the ability to characterize the World Transport System, its problems and development prospects according to the main parameters;
- to form an idea of the differences in transport and its features in countries of different types;
- to form knowledge about the geography of the main modes of transport.
Educational:
- develop in students the ability to highlight the main, essential things when working with text in the material being studied; analyze and summarize the facts being studied, logically express thoughts;
- develop the ability to work over time and in groups;
- develop students' creative abilities and cognitive interest;
- develop the ability to perform analytical tasks;
- develop the ability to work with thematic maps and various sources of information.
Educational:
Continue the formation of a system of moral relations:
a) develop in students a respectful attitude towards the opinions of other students;
b) to form in students such personal values as the desire to learn new things about their homeland, fostering a sense of responsibility for its present and future, and feelings of patriotism.
During the lesson, students develop the following skills:
Educational and management:
- determine the most rational sequence of actions for the collective implementation of a learning task;
- independently evaluate your educational activities by comparing them with the activities of other students, with your own activities in the past, with established standards;
- evaluate the activities of classmates through comparison with established standards.
Educational and information skills:
- ability to work with written and oral texts;
- ability to work with cartographic sources of information.
Educational and logical skills:
- determine the components of the object being studied;
- carry out qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the components of the object;
- carry out classification based on establishing the characteristics of an object.
Equipment:
Map “Transport of the World”, atlas for grade 10, map diagrams, exhibition “Modern types of transport and transport of the future”, video fragment “Impact of transport on the environment”, graph projector, set of tasks for each student (you can use a presentation of the main types of transport).
The main form of work is group work using advanced homework and multi-level assignments.
During the classes
1. Organization of the beginning of the lesson.
Greeting from the teacher.
Checking absentees.
Checking readiness for the lesson.
Today we will continue our acquaintance with the sectors of the world economy and talk about the transport of the world.
It is important for us to know this, because... The topic of transport today is very important and relevant, because transport performs the most important economic and social functions. Modern modes of transport have brought the most remote corners of the planet closer together. There is a “compression” of geographical space. Today, thanks to transport, the concept of remoteness does not exist.
2. Preparation for active learning activities at the main stage of the lesson.
Based on the enormous importance of transport, today in class we should:
- get acquainted with the global transport system.
- learn about the importance of transport, show its place and role in the global economy.
- characterize the types of transport.
- know about the features of transport in different types of countries.
- talk about the problems and prospects for the development of the transport system.
The goals are pinned on the board in the form of a poster.
The topic is not new for you, we talked about Russian transport in 9th grade, but it is quite extensive. In order to achieve all our goals, we will work in groups.
I am confident that we will cope with all the assigned tasks in the best possible way. If something doesn’t work out, it’s okay, we’ll take our shortcomings into account in future work. So - let's get started!
It’s better to start by repeating the basic principles familiar to us from 9th grade. And here 1 group will help us. The guys had a task (Show diagram No. 1 on the board; see appendix): “Based on the 9th grade textbook, choose, in your opinion, the most important and significant topic of transport in Russia.”
The result of their work was a kind of “clue” number 1.
Class assignment: Take sheet 1 from the materials prepared for you. Listen to the children’s performance, remembering the previously covered material.
Performance by students of group 1.
The first group finished their performance. Thank you! I believe that the guys completed the task, and we remembered the material we needed for further work.
3. Assimilation of new knowledge.
Now we move on to studying the new topic “Transport of the World”.
The second group was asked to reveal the contents of the chapter “Transport is the third leading branch of material production.”
The guys have prepared template No. 2, which you must fill out during their performance (see Appendix No. 2). (Appendix No. 2.1)
Performance by students of group 2.
Now let’s check together whether the template is filled out correctly (via an overhead projector or a computer). If there are errors or omissions, correct them.
During the presentation of group 2 we learned:
- about the importance of transport;
- about the main differences between the transport of economically developed and developing countries.
Mark these goals on a poster. Give a qualitative description of the group’s activities.
The third group was asked to introduce you to the main types of land transport.
Prepare sheets number 3 “Main types of transport”. During the performance of the children of the third and fourth groups, you will have to perform various types of work: show the named objects in the atlas, enter the leading countries by main types of transport, fill out diagrams. Be careful!
Performance by students of group 3.
- Automobile transport.
- Railway transport.
- Pipeline transport.
During presentations, students use maps made independently.
- Provision of passenger cars.
- Various railway configurations.
- Main conclusions to the topic “Transport of Russia”.
All named objects are shown on the board on the “Transport of the World” map.
Group 3 finished their performance. Thank you!
The fourth group will introduce you to other types of transport.
- Air (using the “World Aviation Transport” map and magnets of the same color to indicate the largest airports in the world).
- Marine (using magnets of different colors to designate the largest universal, container, oil loading ports).
- River (accompanied by a display of large navigable rivers, canal systems and the main area of lake navigation).
Group 4 finished their performance. Thank you!
Give a qualitative description of the group’s activities.
During the interesting and voluminous reports from students of groups 3 and 4, we learned about the main types of transport, its geography and features, i.e. reached another target.
Mark the goal on the poster.
Group 5 will complete the conversation about transport.
Your task: listen carefully and write down in your notebook:
- definition of the World Transport System;
- main environmental problems associated with transport.
(You can use the textbook, p. 151)
- World transport system.
- Transport problems (using fragments of video or presentation).
- Prospects for the development of transport (the story is accompanied by a display of the exhibition “Modern types of transport and transport of the future”).
Mark the goals on the poster.
Give a qualitative description of the group’s activities.
As you can see, we achieved our goals.
4. Consolidation of knowledge.
Now let's see how we can realize the fulfilled goals.
Take the test sheets prepared for each person (5 options) and within 1-2 minutes try to answer 5 questions correctly.
Swap sheets, check each other's work by marking the criteria and hand it over to me.
Mutual inspection of work and inspection using an overhead projector.
5. Summary.
During the lesson, we got acquainted with the transport of the world, having completed all the intended goals.
Give a qualitative description of the class’s activities and give marks.
All that remains is to fill out the Lesson Technological Map (see Appendix No. 3). (Appendix No. 3.1)
6. Homework.
1. Repeat topic 5, section 3 “Transport of the world.”
(Don't forget the additional material at the end of the section, the tables in the appendix, and the atlas maps).
2. Apply on the contour map:
- leading countries in main modes of transport;
- largest ports and airports in the world;
- main channels and straits;
- large navigable rivers.
3. Be able to show the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Pan-American Highway.
When doing your homework, use sheet No. 3 and the atlas maps.
Our lesson is over. Thank you for your work.
Slide 1
Geography of World Transport 1. Transport is the third leading branch of material production and the basis of the geographical division of labor. 2. Land transport Geography lesson in 10th gradeSlide 2
1. Transport is the third leading branch of material production The basis of the geographical division of labor The volume and structure of transport traffic reflects: Promotes specialization and cooperation of enterprises and industries Contributes to reducing the territorial gap between the production and consumer of goods and services Level and structure of the economy Distribution of productive forces Slide 3
The world transport system - everything: communication routes transport enterprises vehicles Slide 4
World transport system number of employees - more than 100 million people total length of the transport network - > 36 million km freight transported - more than 100 billion tons passengers transported - more than 1 trillion people Slide 5
DYNAMICS OF THE WORLD TRANSPORT NETWORK IN 1950-2000* Slide 6
Length and density of railways by country. Late 90s Slide 7
The influence of scientific and technological revolution on the global transport system; increase in throughput; emergence of new vehicles; increase in capacity and volume of transported cargo (containerization) Slide 8
Changes in the structure of freight turnover of world transport In 1950, railways provided 31% of world freight turnover, roads - 7.5%, inland waterways - 5.5% sea - 52%, pipelines 4%. Slide 9
a-div-prezent" itemprop="thumbnail" src="https://bigslide.ru/images/28/27929/389/img9.jpg" alt="Geographical differences in the global transport system. a) Transport is economical..." title="Geographical differences in the global transport system. a) Transport is economical...">!} Geographical differences in the global transport system. a) Transport of economically developed countries The transport subsystem of economically developed countries is particularly large. It accounts for about 80% of the total length of the transport network, more than 70% of global freight traffic by weight and approximately 80% by value, and its share of global passenger traffic is even larger. More than 4/5 of the world's car fleet is concentrated in economically developed countries; they are home to almost 2/3 of all the world's ports, handling 3/4 of the world's cargo turnover. In the structure of freight turnover in these countries, road transport falls 40%, railway transport - 25%, and other modes of transport - 35%.Slide 11
2. Transport system in developing countries It has a little more than 20% of the total global length of the transport network, provides (by value) 20% of the world's freight turnover. These countries contain 10% of the world's passenger car fleet and 20% of trucks and buses. The density of the transport network in most countries is small, and the technical level of transport (for example, steam traction and narrow gauge railways) is lower. The mobility of the population in these countries is also many times less than in developed countries. Slide 12
Regional transport systems North American European CIS Latin American African South Asia Slide 13
World railway transport The first steam-powered railway was the Liverpool - Manchester line in England, opened in 1830. In the same year, the first railway in the USA was built, connecting the cities of Charleston and Augusta. In 1833, the first railway appeared in France, in 1835 - in Germany and Belgium. And in Russia, the first railway St. Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo (26 km) was opened in 1837.