An example of a project on the Russian language. Project "Entertaining Russian Language" (workshop manual). What we got

In elementary school, children in the Russian language study many topics related to the description of words. Summarizing and systematizing the acquired knowledge in some programs, children are asked to prepare a project “A story about a word” as homework. The forms of the project are varied: message, presentation, research work, etc.

The most popular type of project is a presentation, but written work in a notebook or a report on a given topic often deserves a grade of 5.

So what is the “Tale of the Word” project? What points should it take into account, what sections should it contain? In grade 3, a story about a word takes into account how children have mastered previously studied educational material.

How to write a story about a word in 3rd grade plan:

• Spelling or spelling of a word
• Lexical meaning
• Cognates
• Synonyms
• Antonyms
• Phraseologism
• Word compatibility
• Proverb
• Mystery
• Sentence with this word

Not all items have to be included in your project; you can add something interesting of your own. Working on such a project involves searching for materials in various dictionaries. The Internet has become a popular source of information. On our website you can find a lot of materials for the project "Tale of the Word"

The simplest form of a project about the word sun is a written message. Here is an example of a GDZ of this type:

Russian language project 3rd grade "Tale about the word dog"

Already in 1st grade, children are introduced to topics related to spelling words. This process is introductory, but students begin to understand that in the Russian language there are words whose spelling is associated with memorization. These are dictionary words. There are words for spelling letters that you can check and learn; this is a task for the entire elementary school.

In grade 2, students become familiar with the lexical meaning of a word, its etymology, and select related words with the same root; learn to select antonyms and synonyms for words. All this enriches children’s horizons, their speech, and forms a rich vocabulary.

In 3rd grade, word work becomes more difficult. Students begin to understand the nature of phraseological units, explore the word from various angles, relying on previously acquired knowledge. So the task appears to create a project on the Russian language “A Story about a Word”. With its help, children's knowledge is systematized and generalized.

The folklore of the Russian people is widely used to create the project. These are riddles, proverbs, sayings. You can also work with the works of classics: find sentences where the author uses this word. Involving painting in the project will help to recreate the overall picture of the nature of the word under study.

By creating a presentation, the student consolidates his computer skills and interconnects all primary school subjects.

In recent years, there have been changes in the practice of domestic education. Not a single aspect of school affairs remains unchanged. The new principles of personality-oriented education and individual approach, which are making their way, required, first of all, new teaching methods. The leading place among such methods discovered in the arsenal of world and domestic pedagogical practice belongs today to project method.

This method allows you to solve the problems of developing intellectual skills and creative development of children. Fostering love for the Russian language is a responsible task facing the teacher of Russian language and literature, because “language is life” and “we learn language and must learn it until the last days of our lives.” (K.G. Paustovsky). And love for the native language is cultivated primarily through awakening in schoolchildren an interest in the subject “Russian Language”, which arises both in school lessons and in extracurricular activities.

The project is an effective means of involving the majority of students in extracurricular activities, since work on the project involves developing students’ interest in independently studying various sections of the Russian language by reading popular science literature, working with dictionaries, reference books, participating in electives, linguistic circles, clubs lovers of the Russian language.

Our project is based on the development of students’ cognitive creative skills and the ability to navigate the information space, as well as the ability to independently model practical computer material for Russian language lessons.

In information technology lessons, students receive certain practical knowledge that allows them to independently develop computer tasks. 10th grade students at our school decided to try to model computer material for Russian language lessons in 5th grade.

After reviewing the available educational computer programs for the Russian language, it was decided to create our own program. Modern communication technologies and computer science tools allow:

• increase students' interest in a complex subject;
• independently repeat practical material using a computer;
• with the help of game moments, students can acquire knowledge not out of necessity, but at will, with interest;
• to be able to evaluate oneself correctly and naturally.

We know that being able to correctly evaluate oneself is an important ability of a person that helps him in life: underestimating one’s abilities prevents a person from being proactive, decisive, and energetic.

At an information technology lesson, tenth-graders decided to come up with a small “computer holiday” for their younger friends, fifth-graders, to learn Russian.

How we created the project

The goal of the project: to develop modern game tasks (manuals) in the Russian language using computer technology.

• - use computer technology to create a game manual on the Russian language for grade 5;
• - increase students’ interest in subjects (Russian language, information technology);
• - provide the opportunity to study Russian not only in class, but also at home;
• - try your hand at a variety of creative tasks (from a fabulous journey to the land of Morphology through a labyrinth, a crossword puzzle, a game of solitaire to practical tests).

Students will learn:

• Do they write correctly?
• do they know the rules?
• Are they able to apply the rules in practice?

Students will see the results of their work on all assignments and will be able to refer to a set of spelling rules.

Project type: practice-oriented.

The result is aimed at the interests of school students in better mastering the rules of spelling of the Russian language

Progress

1. Planning and selection of necessary sources of information.
2. View computer programs for learning the Russian language and a Russian language textbook for 5th grade.
3. Selecting a specific topic and collecting the necessary theoretical material on the Russian language.
4. Processing and systematization of collected information.
5. Presentation of research results.
6. The result of the study was tested in a Russian language lesson in the 5th grade.

Project stages

1. Preparatory stage

• Selecting a subject.
• Justification of the need to conduct a computer lesson in the selected academic subject.
• Selecting software tools for developing tasks (Microsoft Office Word, Excel, Power Point, Publisher, Visual Basic).

2. Organizational stage

• Formation of project teams.
• Drawing up a work plan.

Fig. 1 Tenth graders draw up a plan for working on a project.

3. Search stage

• Collection of information.
• Formation of a bank of ideas.

4. Practical stage

• Development of game material.
• Selection of musical accompaniment.

rice. 2 Voiceover of material

• Selection and production of illustrative material

5. Design and design stage

• Preparation of practical material (booklets).
• Development of computer tasks using used software.

Poster design (Fig. 3)

Conducting a Russian language lesson in grade 5A using practical material (booklets).

• Conducting an information technology lesson in grade 5B using computer games in the Russian language.

7. Receipt of the product

• Editing developed computer tasks.
• An entertaining practical guide for Russian language lessons in 5th grade.
• Use of the received manual by school teachers in Russian language lessons and in extracurricular activities.

Necessary equipment:

PC with wide peripherals and Internet access, computer class, Russian language classroom.

Bibliography:

1. A. Akishina “Games in Russian language lessons.”
2. T. Zharkova “Entertaining Russian language.”
3. T. Akishina “Phonetic exercises”.
4. N. Solovyova “Russian language in tasks and games.”
5. 1C: Tutor.
6. 1C: Tutor. Spelling tests.
7. CD: Punctuation tests.

What we got

The game has accompanied man throughout the history of his existence, developing his abilities and skills, adapting him to life, passing on the experience of previous generations.

The game contributes to the acquisition of knowledge not out of necessity, but at the request of the students themselves and is not formal, but interesting. Since learning is often based on coercion, play is perceived as especially joyful, and joy, in turn, stimulates disposition towards the educational subject and increases interest in it.

The game allows the student to evaluate himself against the background of other students. And the ability to make self-esteem is an important ability of a person that helps him in life: underestimating one’s abilities prevents a person from being proactive, decisive, and energetic. (Appendix 4), “Spelling negative pronouns with prepositions” (Appendix 5)

Using the practical aids received during the project activities, the teacher received feedback on the progress of the process of acquiring knowledge and its results immediately; The student also traced the same relationship. The teacher and student, having seen errors, will be able to record and eliminate gaps in knowledge and outline rational ways to eliminate them, taking into account individual approaches.

It is always important for the teacher to resolve the question of the effectiveness of the methodology used. Such manuals immediately show an objective picture of students’ progress in mastering educational material.

Results of a test and generalization lesson with traditional tasks.

Number of students: 25 people.

Results after conducting a lesson using computer tasks.

(game “In the Land of Spelling”, “Journey to the Land of Morphology”).

Russian language is considered one of the most difficult school subjects. On the one hand, knowledge of our native language is given to us from childhood; we master it as naturally as we breathe and grow. On the other hand, it is a complex discipline that requires a lot of work. Studying is serious work. That is why learning should be interesting and entertaining, since interest evokes surprise, awakens thought, and evokes a desire to understand the phenomenon.

The project presents work completed as one or another topic was covered in Russian language lessons in grades 5, 6, 7. We have collected the rules in an electronic album, which we often use ourselves and which we advise students to use for a more in-depth and interesting study of such an important subject as the Russian language.

When working on this project, we divided into the following groups: technical, creative and informational. The guys from the information group were engaged in searching and providing the necessary information, the creative group were preparing illustrations, and the technical group were typing text on a computer.

Download:

Preview:

Regional creative conference for schoolchildren

"New Intelligence"

Municipal educational institution

"Anastasyevskaya secondary school"

Album of fun rules for the Russian language

Municipal educational institution "Anastasyevskaya Secondary School"

7th grade student.

Head: S.A. Kulesh,

teacher of Russian language.

Anastasyevka 2011

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………. 3

1. Spelling…………………………………………………………….. 5

1.1. Vowel alternation……………………………………………………………………

1.2. Unstressed vowels in the root……………………………………………

1. Double consonants………………………………………………………………

1. Morphemics………………………………………………………………………………...
2. Morphology………………………………………………………………..

1. Noun………………………………………………
2. Adjective………………………………………………...
3. Verb………………………………………………………………..
4. Participle…………………………………………………………...
5. Adverb……………………………………………………………...
6. Pronoun………………………………………………………..
7. Numeral…………………………………………………..
8. Particles……………………………………………………………...

1. Vocabulary……………………………………………………………………..
2. Syntax…………………………………………………………………..

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………

Literature………………………………………………………………………………. 21

INTRODUCTION

You have to have fun learning

We'll have fun learning

To study well

Relevance of the topic.Russian language is considered one of the most difficult school subjects. On the one hand, knowledge of our native language is given to us from childhood; we master it as naturally as we breathe and grow. On the other hand, it is a complex discipline that requires a lot of work. When learning is interesting, it’s easy to learn, you want to learn, you’re happy to learn. Studying is serious work. That is why learning should be interesting and entertaining, since interest evokes surprise, awakens thought, and evokes a desire to understand the phenomenon.

Object of work is Russian language.

Subject of work - rules of the Russian language.

Hypothesis lies in the fact that knowledge acquired without interest, not colored by one’s own positive attitude and emotions, does not become useful - it is a dead weight. Play is a way to learn what nothing can teach.

Target: compile a manual for repeating the rules of the Russian language in a playful, poetic form.

Tasks:

1. Analyze the literature on this topic.
2. Summarize the received material.

Progress of the project. The project presents work completed as one or another topic was covered in Russian language lessons in grades 5, 6, 7. We have collected the rules in an electronic album, which we often use ourselves and which we advise students to use for a more in-depth and interesting study of such an important subject as the Russian language.

When working on this project, we divided into the following groups: technical, creative and informational. The guys from the information group were engaged in searching and providing the necessary information, the creative group were preparing illustrations, and the technical group were typing text on a computer.

1. SPELLING

Letters O, E after sibilants

Chocolate, driver, gooseberry,

Seam, highway, glutton, saddler,

Hood, jockey, thicket,

Rustle, prim, slum.

S, I after C

Ts ygan on ts y kidneys

I went up to the film

And ts u ts said: “Ts ts!”

ZHI-SHI

In ZHI-SHI combinations

Just and always write!

In combinations CHA-SHA

We write only the letter A.

In combinations CHU-SCHU

We write only the letter U.

Dividing soft sign

Before E, Yo, I, Yu, I

I stand in the roots, friends.

Sparrows, family, housing -

Before I, Yu, I, E, Yo.

Sparrows, housing, streams,

Leaves, wings, chairs, whose,

Stakes, feathers and family,

Blizzard, autumn, friends.

Soft sign

A soft sign is a tricky sign.

Don't call him anything.

It's not pronounced

But the word is often asked.

Why is the house at a corner

Turned straight into coal

No fire, just like that?

This is a soft letter.

We will always be where we need to be,

A soft sign to insert into words,

So that the ferret does not become a choir,

Stakes - never stakes.

Soft sign, soft sign -

You can't live without it!

You can't write without it

Thirty, ten, nine, ten, five.

Instead of six we get a pole,

Instead of eat, let's write eats,

The hemp will become foam.

Corners of coals,

The bathhouse will turn into a jar

This is what can happen

If we forget

Soft sign in words to write.

1.1. Vowel alternation

A fairy tale about a fifth-grader Petya,

who ended up in the country Spelling

Once upon a time in this world

Once upon a time there lived a fifth-grader boy, Petya,

Although he was talented and smart,

But he was not friendly with the Russians.

And at home, at school, in class

Everyone reproached him:

“He ruled the spellings

He doesn’t know, he’s full of stupid thoughts!”

Petya’s patience has come to an end,

And he decided, you all notice,

Go to the land of Spelling

And examine everything with diligence...

Did you walk for a long time, or did you walk for a short time?

But he still found that country...

There's no way to get in there

If you don't offer labor.

There are roots at the gate,

They closed tightly in a row.

And they all say to Petya:

“Why did you come to the gate with this?”

Petya politely told them,

What you wanted to meet:

Alternating A and O

The roots tortured him.

The root -KAS- came out towards us,

And the suffix -A- follows immediately,

This is because the root is -CAS-

Without -A- not a single step on display.

If the suffix -A- disappeared somewhere,

Then the root will be -KOS-, guys!

LAG- and -LOG- said clearly:

“We agree with this rule,

If the suffix –A- is behind the root,

We write the letter A calmly.”

The roots -GAR- and -GOR- came out,

And behind them -TVAR- and -TVOR-,

And behind them – CLAN- and – CLONE-

They came out to bow.

They came out and said

And they chattered and repeated.

“If we are without emphasis,

ABOUT write without delay!

Roots –GROW- and –ROS-

Stand up to your full height

And they said: “The letter A

We don’t always write, Petya.

If following the root

ST or Ш

Remember to write,

You need the letter A.

But unfortunately,

There are exceptions

USURER lived in ROSTOV

name was ROSTISLAV

He bought himself a SPROUT

Somewhere at the station."

Roots –SKAK- and –SKOCH-

Don't mind chatting:

"Before the letter K

We write only A

Before H write

Letter O, hurry up!”

Roots –MOK- and –MAK-

They said this:

"You are in verbs with meaning

“Let the water flow through”

Just write the root –MOK-,

So that no one could find fault.

Well, immerse in “liquid”

You need to write the root -MAK-"

A moment - and the roots blossomed.

Everyone disappeared somewhere at once,

And they left him

There, at the entrance, alone.

(L. Durnitsina.)

If after the root - A,

At the root it will be And always!

Here's an example, remember:

“Did you wipe your feet? Wipe it off!”

Under the accent we write GAR, -

Without emphasis - GOR.

For example: TUNED, TAN.

Vice versa: ZAR - ZOR

1.2. Unstressed vowels in the root

Unstressed cunning vowel:

We hear him perfectly,

What letter is in the letter?

Science can help us here:

Place the vowel under stress

To dispel all doubts!

1.3. Double consonants

Rhymes

Gram, grammar, program,

Communist and telegram.

"Um" the second one somehow

Don't forget to write.

Alley, illustration,

Team, illumination,

Million and metal -

I wrote two “el”.

Class, commission and cash,

Passenger, express and highway,

Cross, profession, progress –

Write two letters "es".

Colossus, highway and mass,

Press, box office, track.

Swimming pool, professor and congress –

Put two letters “es” in the words.

Terrace and terror

Territory, platform,

Correspondent and barricade

You need to write with two “er”.

1. MORPHEMICS

Friends! My task is this -

Reveal to you how words are constructed,

What morphemes make up them?

What role do they play in words?

(P. Chesnokov.)

Remember, when parsing a word

Ending and foundation

First of all, find it.

After the root there will be a suffix,

And the console is in front

Ending

The part of the word that changes

It's called the ending.

The rest of the word

We call it the basis.

Consoles

There is a prefix before the root,

It is written smoothly.

And with the help of an attachment

Words are formed.

Spelling at-, pre-

Rhymes

I bought it and found it useful

He combed his hair and pretended

Prepare and watch

Write with a prefix at -

Transform and stop

Make your dream come true,

Obstruct and despise

Don't forget to pre-write.

Sisters PRE and PRI

In one of the cities of the country of Morphology there lived sister prefixes PR and PR.

The PRI prefix was very kind and affectionate. She wanted to caress everyone.

Her sister prefix PRE was of a completely different nature. She persecuted everyone, betrayed them, wanted to turn them into her slaves.

And then at the very first Council of Consoles they began to analyze the behavior of the PRE console. The prefix RAZ said: “Your mother PERE was not as evil as you.” All the other consoles unanimously supported her. Prefix PRI, her sister, continued: “Why are you the word hand over remade it and it worked betray ? Aren `t you ashamed? And it’s also called sister.”

PRE thought, lowered her head, became despondent. Some time passed and suddenly - lo and behold! - began to form superlative words: BEAUTIFUL, LOVELY.

The prefix PRE has been re-educated, realized its guilt and now forms many words with different meanings, and fewer and fewer evil words.

PR- or PRE-? or PR-?

It's no secret at all

You will get an answer right away.

You see, it's COMING

The wizard is here for you and me,

TOUCHING something

Shakes his head.

Doesn't do everything completely -

Slightly, barely, slightly:

SIT DOWN, STANDED UP, then LIE –

Doesn't want to go on the road again.

He also likes to find out

What is nearby?

visit the SCHOOL kindergarten,

Inspect him

Take a walk in the PRIMORSKY park,

Nothing else.

The wizard's name is Pri-Pri.

Don't accidentally erase it!

And this is our fairy -

He’s not silent for a second:

Everything makes her very happy

Or very angry.

Just like that: “WONDERFUL!

AWESOME! AWESOME!”

And now: “WORTHY,

It’s STUPID!”

Only one thing does not change -

She always likes it very much

Prefix PERE-. Here she is

Well, just BEAUTIFUL!

And the fairy loves to INTERRUPT,

AND BLOCK, and STOP!..

She has to be forgiven.

Call this fairy

Write down and find out

Be it in the evening, or at dawn.

Under the short name Pre-Pre.

1. MORPHOLOGY

1. Noun

Russian is a language of six cases

In the Old Russian language there were three more cases, however, in our time we often use them, but we don’t even realize it:

- “Vocative” case is a type of Nominative.

When we turn to Vanya, Anya, Dima, Roma, we tell them“Wan”, “An”, “Dim”, “Rum”, we use the form of the “Vocative” case instead of the Nominative case“Vanya”, “Anya”, “Dima”, “Roma”.

Words also have a vocative case“mom”, “dad”, “uncle”, “aunt” (“mom”, “dad”, “aunt”, “uncle”), and two words in the plural:“guys” and “girls” (“guys”, “girls”).

- “Local” case is a variation of the Prepositional.

We know how to form the prepositional case of a word closet . "About what? – About the closet. On what? - … On the wardrobe !".

Shapes: on the closet, in the forest, in the ranks, on the nose(but not on the closet, in the forest, in formation, on the nose) and express the “Local” case. It is used only with prepositions " guilt ".

- “Disjunctive” case is a variation of the Genitive.

A head of garlic and a head of garlic, a glass of kefir or a glass of kefir, a glass of tea or a glass of tea?

Sometimes it is simply necessary to use the form not of the Genitive case, but of the “Disjunctive”: “ I came out of the forest" (Nekrasov), " There's no light to be found?», « A week without a year."

To make it easier to remember existing six cases Russian language, we offer to learn counting counter.

COUNTER - CASES

Nominative, genitive,

Dative, accusative,

Creative, prepositional -

It's easy to remember them.

Six bosom friends -

Six magical cases -

Link word to word,

Understand and listen too

With them we can help each other.

Well, let’s say the words

Can we, like two and two:

(WHO?) Doctor, teacher, writer, student.

(ON WHAT?) On a sheet of paper, on a board, on a table.

(WHAT?) Diagnosis, assignment, book, project.

(WHAT?) Pen and chalk, feather, compass.

(TO WHOM?) The patient, the guys, the master.

(WITHOUT WHAT?) No errors, blots, ink.

Diligently, clearly, carefully, quickly

Compiled, assigned, wrote, drew.

Indeclinable nouns

They are called heterodeclinable because they are inclined either according to the 2nd or 3rd declension. There are only 11 such nouns: 10 – neuter on – my name: burden, time, udder, banner, name, flame, seed, stirrup, crownand a masculine noun - path .

There is a story about tribe

Only spring will come time ,

The tribe sows peacefully seed,

Even to plow and sow - burden .

The cow has a full udder.

Papuan needs a name

Compose for my son

And milk the cow.

But the leader is in their step stirrup,

Sticking a feather on crown,

I raised it above myself banner,

Stirs up discord flame:

Summons everyone again

Don't work - fight.

But the tribe doesn’t want to again

Shedding blood in vain

Everyone prefers peaceful path …

Don't forget our fairy tale.

Indeclinable nouns

“We cannot be persuaded by anyone.

It is useless to change us.

Everyone at school knows about this,”

They said radio, highway,

Bureau, and coffee, and cafe,

Cinema, coat, taxi, coupe.

One early morning My friend and I sat down on the meter And we went on the meter Watch a film about a kangaroo. Here we are sitting in the cinema Without a coat and without a muffler, Or rather, me and you Without a muffler and without a coat. Kids love movies If there's a kangaroo in the movies Walks and wanders along the highway, He carries a chimpanzee in his bag.

A kangaroo came into a cafe I took a free table there And sits behind the domino With a chimpanzee and a cockatoo. Suddenly a huge monkey Started playing the piano Here is an adult, having taken off his pince-nez, I laughed my ass off. Interesting movie It's a shame it ended. Time to run to the wardrobe: They will issue polta. (A. Hight.)

3.2. Adjective

Declension of full adjectives

When there is an adjective

And it is absolutely necessary

Find out about the ending -

Attention attention!

Run to the noun

And tell him kindly

Simple Spell

From all ignorance:

“Ene-bene, tufi-ros!

We need a question from you!

Abra-mop-slash-swarm!

And “which one?”, and “which one?”,

And “which ones?”, and “which ones?”.

And “which one?”... How many of them are there!

There are no easier rules in the world:

What's in the question is in the answer!

What day? – warm

Green suits your face.

What day? – cheerful

The light is shining in the grove!

What day? – springHis

There is nothing more beautiful in the year!

To be good is to be good! –

And I'll take you

A completely different rule.

I made a point here.

(O. Soboleva.)

About the adjective

Be very careful.

Get to know the adjectives:

kitten - small, fluffy,

stream – cool, silvery,

winter is beautiful and snowy,

and mom is kind and gentle,

words in rhyme are very friendly,

they are pleasant and necessary.

And among them you are sure

you will quickly learn adjectives.

Very entertaining - Adjective. It will be difficult without him If it disappears. Well, imagine this: How without signs of an object We will argue, we will talk, Have fun and joke? What will happen then? Is it worth it to suffer? We won't say "beautiful" Let's not say "ugly"

We won’t tell mom “darling, Beautiful, beloved" To father and brother and sister We won't be able to talk anywhere These are wonderful Pri-la-ga-tel-nye. So that everything becomes great, There are many different signs We'll notice it everywhere And to the place in speech Insert them.

Suffixes with N and NN

Although we are smart beyond our years,

Not everything is clear and understandable to us,

How many N to write in –AN-, -YAN-

We are all suffering incredibly.

No matter how you turn it, no matter how wise you are,

But with this suffix when meeting

Look carefully first

What part of speech was found?

For adjectives long ago

Recorded in scholarly books:

When –AN-, -YAN-, then –N- is one,

And no more surplus.

Ruddy Santa Claus will wave

Silver gauntlet.

Here -N- is the only thing that will do,

And two is not suitable here at all.

Where are the two -N-? Simple answer:

In a window with a glass surface,

Where is the tin latch?

And the window sill is wooden.

The fog has one thing –N-,

But if the city became foggy,

Based on –N- and suffix –N-

And it turns out two -N-.

Remember this case is strange.

Spelling N-NN

Rhymes

Sacred and desired,

Unforeseen, unexpected.

Without applying the rules of knowledge,

Write two “en” without hesitation.

But smart, chewed,

Dowry and forged -

You can easily remember

That there is only one “en” in them all the time.

Swine, green, blue, zealous,

Young, spicy and rosy.

Don't look for a suffix here

Write about only one “en”.

Abandoned, given and deprived,

Launched, purchased and decided.

Although without a prefix, it looks perfect.

That's why there are two "en"s.

A fraudster stole from a worker

And a smart mechanic

There is only one “en” in the hotel.

3.3. Verb

Interesting part of speech

Lives in the Russian language.

Who is doing what will tell:

Draws, writes and sings,

Embroidering or plowing,

Or scores a goal

Cooks, fries, washes, cleans -

The verb will tell us everything!

He has a face, time,

Aspect, voice and mood.

And he doesn’t stick out too much -

It agrees with other parts of speech!

Verb conjugations

Verbs of the first conjugation can be easily distinguished from verbs of the second conjugation only ifwhen their personal endings are stressed.

To determine the conjugation,

Look at the ending.

And for emphasis

Pay attention!

(T.Rick.)

Funny rhymes

How will you start me drive,

I'll stop breathing

Ears will stop hearing,

Well, keep holding your hands,

You'll start looking at me

Will you turn me around?

I will still endure

I will depend on you

Since you were able to offend me,

I won't see you

And openly hate!

To the 2nd conjugation

We will take it without a doubt

All the verbs that it,

Excluding shaving, laying

And also look, offend,

Hear, see, hate

Drive, hold, breathe, twirl

And depend and endure.

You will remember, friends,

After all, they are with e cannot be conjugated.

In these verbs we only write And .

This is how we write, look here:

I see You see He sees

We see You see They see

And this poem with exception verbs–it , which belong to the I conjugation. There are only two such verbs - shave and lay.

To the neighbor's chicken

Shave your head clean.

Should be on a stool

Lay out two napkins.

(T.Rick.)

3.4. Participle

There is no future participle in Russian.

The present and past participles can be replaced with an equivalent verb, respectively, present and past tense:

talking parrot = a parrot that talks;

the parrot who spoke = the parrot who spoke.

The future participle is also equivalent in meaning to the verb in the future tense. The Russian language has such a participle, but only one verb be:

future teacher = one who will be a teacher.

But in fact, in the Russian language there are precise rules for the formation and use of participles, which we want to talk about in poetic form, presenting participle in the form of a funny insect - bug , in which the paws are morphological features, and the antennae are word-forming features.

PARTICIPLE – BEETLE

Participle - familiar to all of us -

Let's imagine it as an insect,

Which signs are legs

They run, but along different paths.

For three, the path to verbs lies:

Time, recurrence, type;

Four have a move to adjectives:

Brevity, number, case, gender.

His mustache is wonderful -

Active and Passive.

From time and from conjugation

There are differences in their structure

Present active participles

The special suffix is ​​inherent in:

For the second conjugation - ash-, -box-,

For the first - - ush-, -yush-.

Passive present participles:

The suffix is ​​completely different:

For the second conjugation - them-,

For the 1st - - ohm-, -em-

Past participles

No need for verb conjugation.

Valid – suffix: - wsh-, -sh-,

Passives: -enn-, -nn-, -t-.

We will present all forms of participles,

(According to the rules, let's make it up):

Running, revealed, checked,

Flying, asleep, confident,

Singing, vulnerable and distributed,

Driven, overgrown and created.

3.5. Adverb

An adverb is an independent part of speech:

Comes from an ancient noble family, as indicated by the majestic root-speech- , which was already known in the Old Russian language; but then it was a verb meaning “to speak”, from which words such assaying, speech, adverb(talk), name, etc.;

If we literally translate the word adverb into modern language, it will turn out “ insolence ", and in Latin - " verb."

Helps the verb, that is, adjoining it, explains and clarifies it;

The main feature is immutability;

In sentences it is most often used as a circumstance.

We tried to imagine:

Morphology (section of the Russian language) - in the form of an island;

Part of speech (section of morphology) - in the form of a country with its cities, among which there is a city in which only adverbs “live”;

What would this city look like, that is, how many districts, squares, streets would it have and with what names;

What actual adverbs could live on which streets;

What would a square in the city center look like, where all the dialects could be found at once?

As a result of our imagination, we came up with a rhyming text, which we accompanied with our illustrations.

WHAT IS AN ADVERB?

What is a "verb"? This is part of speech

In the ancient. Today it is an “adverb”.

Like a noun, like an adjective,

This part of speech is independent.

She doesn't bow or hide,

That is, otherwise, does not change.

The part of speech that is adjacent to

Different signs indicate:

Action - to a verb or gerund,

Feature – to an adjective, adverb, participle,

Subject - to a noun.

The adverb is complex and surprising.

And in a sentence during “proceedings”

Most often it can be a circumstance.

CITY ADVERB

On the island morphology is the country part of speech.

There, among others, there is a city adverb.

There are six streets in the city, each with its own meaning.

All residents, without exception, live and work on them.

On the street mode of action - fast, friendly, easy;

Outdoor places – to the right, to the side, near, far;

On the street of time – in the morning, in the summer, today, now;

On the street goals - as a joke, accidentally and for show;

On the street measures and degrees – very, completely, quite;

And for the reasons on the street - involuntarily, not without reason, casually.

There is an adverb in the city - district - pronominal,

It is inhabited by unknown inhabitants,

Together with interrogatives, next to negative ones.

And, of course, also with the index fingers.

On the square of popular expressions

Adverbs wander here and there.

They live without troubles and regrets,

In short, they live happily ever after.

They won’t cut from the shoulder right away,

Keep your ears to the ground,

Their souls are wide open, like their minds,

They know the whole city inside and out.

They won't beat around the bush,

There are so many of them - there’s no room for an apple to fall,

Even though some people's heads are spinning,

We will study them, there is no loss with them

3.6. Pronoun

In a negative pronoun

Know: the emphasis is NOT,

And NI - without emphasis!

Learn this carefully:

In negative pronouns,

When the preposition is inside,

We write not one word, but three.

Two words - remember - never.

No one - no one.

Remember?

Yes!

3.7. Numeral

Ditties about numerals

We learned nouns,

Adjectives are also numerals.

Let us sing ditties for you about numerals:

Compound, simple, ordinal, quantitative.

One, two, three, twenty, thirty-five -

Everyone knows integers; it’s very easy to count them.

Forty point seven, two eighths and three second notes –

Fractional numbers are more difficult, be able to decline them.

Both, both, two, three – collective,

Combined with nouns.

First, fifth, one hundred and eighth, seventh - ordinal,

We will all construct a whole series of numbers in order.

Phraseologisms we know about numerals

And there are also many instructive proverbs:

One with a bipod, seven at the tablealready sitting

Until the seventhTheysweatthey want to work hard.

One, we knowhead – Fine, two – better,

In an instant, the problems will all be resolved right there.

They say,one for all, Butall for one,

If everyone gets down to business, then nothing is scary.

Finallywith one voicewe wish you soon,

Don't have a hundred rublesyou andhave a hundred friends!

3.8. Particles

Something, something.

Don't forget the dash.

But what about particles?

Write them separately!

What about particles?

You can easily remember them, -

Just memorize this phrase:

“Tell me anyway?”

3. VOCABULARY

Synonyms

There are words in a language that are similar in meaning, but different in sound. Such words are calledsynonyms.

Words are synonyms

Always close in meaning

The only difference is

Sometimes in shades.

Homeland - Fatherland

- Fatherland.

How much is there in them

Sacred for us!

Antonyms

Words with opposite meanings are calledantonyms.

Minus plus,

Fire water,

Daring - cautious.

All antonyms always

Opposite.

Phraseologisms

- The theory of phraseological units was founded at the beginning of the 20th century. Phraseologisms are used all the time in our everyday speech. Sometimes we don’t even notice that we are uttering these stable, now popular, expressions - they are so familiar and convenient

- Phraseologisms differ in imagery.

“You can’t see a thing” is the same as dark. However, a phraseological unit is more energetic, more emotional, that is, by resorting to it, a person, among other things, also communicates his attitude towards an event, object or interlocutor.

- Phraseologisms are the pearls of the Russian language. Some people take them literally, but this is due to a lack of knowledge of the environment in which they live. For example, an expression that is understandable to a Russian-speaking person is unlikely to be understandable to a foreigner.

- Phraseologisms show the peculiarity of the mentality of the Russian language. That is why their speech is very difficult to translate into another language, sometimes almost impossible, unless by selecting a similar analogue. There cannot be literal translations of phraseological units.

- Phraseologisms are apt expressions. But sometimes they are sharp and rude, sometimes they are too expressive, so they need to be used in colloquial speech, and, for example, in official business speech they should be used with great caution.

- We composed ditties and phrases using phraseological units with the word “EAR”; we illustrated some of them with our own sketches, showing a literal understanding of these phraseological units.

DITTS-PHRAZEUSHKI

Placeears on top of heads.

Listen carefully.

We are ditties and phrases

Let's sing it diligently.

Buzzing in my earsteacher at a lesson topic,

But he cannot understand the strange problem himself:

In one earthe guys are on the topic,

Not two minutes pass -flies to another.

Careless student– head two ears –

I listened to the lesson reluctantlyout of the corner of my ear.

Doesn't leadhe evenearon the advice of your friends,

Not in sighthe's an A,like your own ears.

The bear crushed my earVasya at birth,

And now he hums and growls during singing lessons.

Turns red from ear to earVasya - I can’t sing,

Ears witherfor others - but he tries his best.

We fly into the dining room, we see Petya sitting there,

There is pizza, andbehind the earshimcrackles.

Everyone starts laughingmoutheveryone has alreadyto the ears,

They can't calm downat least sew on the ties.

We sang phrasesbelieveYouto your ears,

Not with your earsnecessaryclapWell, it’s better for us to study.

We hope versesdidn't go unnoticed,

Don't bother in life, you need to be

more friendly with science.

4. SYNTAX

Main members of the proposal

When your task is to find

The main members of the sentence,

First of all, find the verb

Verb in any mood.

When this verb is revealed

Between other words,

Then highlight it quickly

Two features at once.

Then from him we asked who? What?

We direct to other words

And the subject, as if on a hook,

We'll get to these questions.

Here we are with one line

Let us immediately emphasize without a doubt,

And admire - in front of you

The main members of the proposal.

Addition

Questions about oblique cases

You already know for sure.

If you ask them without delay,

Additions will be found here.

(Readingbooks(what? vin.p.)

Writingpencil(what? creative p.)

Definition

Sign of an object or phenomenon

Indicates a definition.

Whose and which? - the answers are simple,

The only thing missing is the wavy line.

Circumstances

To the questions: where? When?

How? from where and where?

Circumstances are always

They will give you answers, yes, yes.

Appeal

To all of us when communicating

Appeal will help.

To people, stars and birds

Feel free to contact us.

When writing, do not forget

Separate with commas.

Introductory words

Me, like everyone else, more than once, not twice

Introductory words saved me.

And more often than others among them

The words “firstly”, “secondly”.

They, starting from afar,

They gave a reason slowly

Gather your thoughts for now...

(A. Kushner)

Collocations

Attention! Attention!

Here's a phrase.

There are a couple of words in it,

But their rights are not equal,

The word is always important in it

Walks with an addict.

And who is in charge here - without difficulty

The question determines.

The question comes from the main one

By the dependent word,

And never vice versa

Remember it as a basis.

CONCLUSION

Every person is a creative person who, through words, can express not only himself, but also his attitude to the world around him.

We get acquainted with the beauty of the great and powerful Russian language, learn and strive to try ourselves in creativity, but we want to end our album with a wonderful poem by the master of the Russian word - Russian poet Sergei Ostrovoy:

primogeniture

You get used to the words

day by day,

And they have a primordial meaning

full...

And when I hear:

- I'm sorry! –

This means:

- Exclude me from the blame!

The word has the color of its own fire.

Your birthright. Your boundaries.

And when I hear:

- Protect me! –

This means:

- Surround me with shores!

The word has roots. And there are relatives.

It is not a foundling under an orphan bush.

And when I hear:

- Protect me! –

This means:

- Hide me behind the shield!

Listen. Get into it. Don't forget.

The word has its own temper. Your gut.

And if you get into the essence of this -

Word

will do it to you

good.

The section presents examples that you can choose to conduct interesting research in any class of a secondary school, both for an individual project and for group research activities.

Students can take any interesting topic of research work on the Russian language from the list below and, based on it, come up with a topic formulation that is more suitable to their hobbies and level of knowledge. When viewing the list, select a topic that suits your capabilities.

Project topics in the Russian language for grades 1, 2, 3, 4

The supervisor will help you choose interesting topics for projects in the Russian language for students in grades 1, 2, 3 and 4 of primary school, change and adjust the topic to the specifics of the research work, and add at your discretion. The topic of the research work must correspond to the student’s initial knowledge on the topic and at the same time allow him to acquire new knowledge in the field under study.

Russian language project topics for grades 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

For ease of selection, everything Russian language project topics distributed to students in grades 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of a general education institution. If desired, the student can choose a topic for a research paper on the Russian language from any section, and then expand or shorten it, adapting to the specifics of his research project.

Below are the topics of research and project work in the Russian language that are not included in certain classes, some of them are relevant for any class. According to the recommendations of the supervisor, from this list the student can choose an interesting topic of work that will be the most relevant and non-trivial among his classmates.

Russian language project topics (general)

List of topics for research papers on the Russian language:

Analysis of the semantic group “Car color names”.
Letters that have disappeared from the alphabet.
Contribution of A.S. Pushkin in the development of the modern Russian language.
The influence of interactive communication on students' written language.
The question of the origin of the terms “Rus”, “Russia”, “Russian”...
Questions of the ecology of language in the modern world.
IN AND. Dahl. Walking for the word. "Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language."
Outstanding linguists.
Life and work of “newcomers” (borrowed words) in the Russian language.
Tomorrow's book day
Borrowed vocabulary in the names of maritime modes of transport.
Borrowed vocabulary in the naming of flowers.
Is the writer deservedly forgotten...
Why are pseudonyms needed?
Borrowed words are a boon or a detriment to the modern Russian language.
Sound and meaning (based on the example of analysis of one or two poems).
Concept... in works of Russian literature (experience of compiling a dictionary).
Proper names in proverbs and sayings.
First names, last names, patronymics in different languages ​​of the world.
History of cases. Prepositions and cases.
History of participles and gerunds.
Adjectives in place names.
Adjectives in titles of works.
Adjectives in plant names.
Artificial languages.
History of the origin of the Russian surname.
Studying the Russian language abroad as a way to become familiar with Russian culture.
History of writing.
Proper names in proverbs and sayings.
How the Russian language lives on LiveJournal (on social networks...)
How they taught literacy in Rus'.
How are accent norms observed by the residents of our village?
What literary prizes exist today?
Book yesterday, today, tomorrow.
Speech is beautiful with a proverb
Speech is rich in phraseological units.
Who is hiding behind a pseudonym and why?
Lexical components of the image of St. Petersburg in the prose of F.M. Dostoevsky.
Lexical components of the image of the Motherland in the lyrics of S. Yesenin.
Linguistic and aesthetic features of the “word innovation” of the futurists.
Linguistic errors are all around us.
Linguistic geography. How many languages ​​are there in the world?
Literary places of our city
Literary communities on the Internet.
People and manuscripts.
The place of the Russian language among other subjects in our school.
The place and role of neologisms and occasionalisms in the lyrics of V. Mayakovsky.
The name of objects of material culture (clothing, shoes, household items, etc.) in the Russian language and their connection with the words of the primary languages.
Our friends are dictionaries.
Nonverbal means of communication.
The name of human character traits in comparison with animals in Russian.

Topics of research projects in the Russian language

Some issues of speech culture in the modern Russian language.
Some aspects of linguistic analysis of an anecdote.
New professions in the modern world and their names.
Nihilism and nihilists. The appearance of the term, the uniqueness of the individual.
One-part sentences in the comedy of N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General".
One-part sentences in the works of the poet Mikhail Mokshin.
Onomastics of the names of shops in my city.
Features of the language of SMS messages.
Features of precedent texts-headings (based on the newspaper “Zapolyarnaya Pravda”).
Features of the syntactic structure of M. Tsvetaeva’s poems.
Features of the language of “skaz” in the works of M. Zoshchenko.
Features of the language of “skaz” in the works of N.S. Leskova.
Where do adverbs come from?
Reflection of the pagan worldview of the Slavs in language (phrases, proverbs, sayings, onomastics).
Reflection of the names of Slavic pagan gods in the etymology of some words of the modern Russian language.
The ideas of the ancient Slavs about time and their reflection in language and literature.
The ideas of the ancient Slavs about color and their reflection in language and literature.
The origin of interjections.
Using animal traits to describe human character.
Adjectives denoting shades of color in Russian.
The role of phraseological units in the Russian language.
The role of participles in works of fiction.
Russian language and its contacts with other languages.
The originality of the speech characteristics of characters in the dramatic works of A.P. Chekhov.
Declensions in the Old Russian language.
Slavic alphabet, their origin and relationship.
Dummy words.
Derivational types of complex Russian surnames.
The current state of the question about the origin of writing among the Eastern Slavs.
Phraseologisms and idioms in Russian
The functioning of one-part sentences in texts of different styles of the Russian literary language.
The expediency of using borrowed vocabulary in the language of the media.
What is a good speech?
Experiments in the field of words (on material, fiction, journalistic literature, media language and the Internet...).
Emotions in pixels.
Etymology of exception words from the rules of Russian spelling.
Language of advertising.