home

Problems of modern journalism. Current problems of modern journalism. The Internet for journalism is

Speaking about the problems of modern journalism in Kazakhstan, first of all, it is necessary to note the relatively new “state procurement policy”, within the framework of which government agencies organize a kind of tenders for publishing houses and television and radio companies to receive funding from the country’s budget. A study conducted in 2010, as part of the project “Monitoring government orders in the media of Kazakhstan,” showed that government orders “are still opaque, the goals of competitions are often unclear, and many private media have actually stopped developing their management, relying solely on funding through government orders.” . Also, as part of this study, it was revealed that, “according to various sources, in Kazakhstan, 50-70% of private media are recipients of state orders in the field of information policy.”

Just one of many examples of this is that the largest party media holding, Nur-Media, created at the end of 2008, is owned by the ruling Nur Otan party. It includes the Astana TV channel, the republican radio station NS and the RDV radio broadcasting in Astana, the republican newspapers Liter, Aikyn, Izvestia - Kazakhstan, Turkistan, Dala Men Kala, Country and World, "Nur Astana" and "Kazakhstan Temirzholshysy".

State orders became widespread in 2009, when funding for this area increased significantly, and due to the growing economic crisis, the number of advertisers and other sources of media funding sharply decreased, which caused a manifold increase in the influence of state policy on published materials. All this has led to the fact that at present the concept of “Independent media” has practically ceased to exist. “If it’s independent, it means it’s oppositional. The state controls everyone else even without a state order, through the editorial board, through the owners.” According to Alexey Venediktov, editor-in-chief of the Ekho Moskvy radio station, “I emphasize that the press is just a tool for the authorities. Those media that fit this vision are supported. Those that do not comply are either destroyed or the authorities do not pay any attention to them.”

A striking example of this can be problems with the timing of providing the requested information, because journalists in their actions are guided by the law “On the Mass Media,” and government organizations by the law “On the procedure for considering appeals from individuals and legal entities.” Due to the fact that information material quickly becomes outdated, a large number of “undesirable” publications simply “get stuck” in this bureaucratic red tape.

Kazakh media are increasingly turning into an information system in which the main task is to report information paid for by politicians, oligarchs, etc.

The situation is aggravated by the lack of a clear and defined information policy of the state, which leads to arbitrary assessments and actions in relation to the media, in other words, makes it possible to manipulate them.

In particular, the Law on Mass Media is not specific on some issues. Article 1, paragraph 1 states that “freedom of speech, creativity, expression in print and other forms of one’s views and beliefs, receiving and disseminating information in any way not prohibited by law are guaranteed.” Also, Article 1, paragraph 2 states that government agencies are obliged to provide every citizen with the opportunity to become familiar with documents, decisions and sources of information affecting his rights and interests. However, paragraph 3 speaks of “the prohibition on the dissemination of information constituting state secrets or a secret protected by law,” without naming the methods by which it could be determined whether this information is a secret protected by law or not.

What is even more interesting is Article 145, paragraph 1 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, according to which “No one has the right to use the image of any person without his consent, and in the event of death, without the consent of the heirs.” It turns out that a journalist must ask almost every passerby who gets into the frame for permission to use his image. But it is practically impossible to do this, which gives the authorities scope to interpret objectionable materials in their favor. And there are a great many such examples.

Regarding the rights of a journalist: in Chapter 5, paragraph 2, “Rights and responsibilities of a journalist,” it is said that a journalist has the right to be in places where government bodies are located, but must be accredited by the government bodies themselves, which means, again, , limiting the number of dissident journalists able to obtain accreditation.

This is indirectly confirmed by the results of public procurement competitions published on the website of the Ministry of Information and Communications. Thus, “a number of competitions have the same composition of participants, among which are the state publication “Kazakhstanskaya Pravda” and the publication “Liter”, controlled by the ruling Nur Otan party. At the same time, they alternately win several competitions.” Gaining access to information often becomes a real problem, especially if this information belongs to government authorities. Accreditation of only loyal media, answers to questions and requests only to “our own” or ideologically close ones, screening of “opposition” journalists is not a complete list of restrictions.

“Today, thanks to certain provisions in the law, any official or politician can sue a journalist and the media that published critical material about him, and ... will win, because often journalists do not know the law well and therefore make distortions. But even if journalists know the law, the court will still rule in favor of the official.”

In conclusion, I would like to add that the main task facing the media is to instill respect for the law and create a positive image of representatives of this law. But this must be done without going beyond objectivity.

The work of a journalist is not only about writing texts. Often you have to be on your feet, in the thick of things.

I want to start by saying that I really love my job. It is incredibly interesting, allows you to always be aware of events and constantly develop. Journalism has its challenges, just like any other profession.

I believe that in our profession there are external and internal difficulties. It’s clear with external ones, these are factors that complicate work from the outside. But with internal ones it’s more difficult, it’s like you’re interfering with your own work.

Many people can’t imagine what it’s like? Something like this: inspiration doesn’t come, you spend hours working on some text, but still can’t write anything.
The words of one experienced journalist with whom I was in the same room in the hospital when I was just a child were etched in my memory for a long time. When I told her that I wanted to become a journalist, she said with bitterness in her voice: “You write an article with difficulty and look outside the window, and it’s already night there. And you think: now some simple worker has already had his tenth dream for a long time, and I’m still writing. Why do you need that?" She made me think then, but did not convince me.

However, she was right. “Blank Slate Syndrome” often plagues me. This is when you look at a white, empty sheet of paper and cannot write anything. Some kind of stupor sets in. At such moments, I prefer to just distract myself and do something else. But this doesn’t help when there are 30 minutes before the deadline, and everything needs to be submitted urgently. (I’ll tell you a secret, dark chocolate and my favorite cookies save me. Endorphins and glucose briefly cause a surge of inspiration).

It also happens that you have a lot of thoughts, but you don’t know where to start. If something is spinning in my head, but I can’t formulate it, then I just start writing the text in paragraphs, and then compose it. These are the pangs of creativity that every journalist probably experiences.

A bad mood also spoils all texts, but it often happens due to external difficulties at work. What are the calls from inadequate readers worth?

The format of many publications often not only kills journalists’ interesting ideas and creative author’s style, but also makes them feel despondent. I have been working on the staff of a newspaper for about 4 years now, and I am constantly overcome by mixed feelings. For example, I want to write - “ rabid fans almost tore the champion into souvenirs, I even felt scared for him“, and instead I have to type out a stamp on the keyboard: “The champion happily signed autographs for everyone and took pictures with fans.” Or a high-ranking official speaks not just a boring speech, but generally incoherent dregs, with an insane accent, and incorrect declensions and conjugations. And you listen and know that you still have to translate from bureaucratic into Russian and do it “beautifully”.

The biggest obstacle to the normal work of journalists is the secrecy of information, in any organization, service, or institution.

A separate conversation about “very smart” PR specialists who, due to rigid and conservative views, cannot give answers to banal questions. Phrases like “But don’t write about this” interfere with your work. You can, of course, disobey and write, and nothing bad will happen. But then, when you call to get another comment, you often hear: “We won’t tell you anything, you wrote badly about us last time.”

Football is the favorite game of officials; they love to play football. You can call dozens of numbers and spend a day or two to find out answers to the most banal questions, for example: “How many people in the city receive benefits?” or “How many first graders will go to school?” Officials are afraid to utter even a word without the approval of their superiors, and then higher up, and so on up the chain. Sometimes it seems that only one big boss decides whether to answer all the media's questions.

These are just the main difficulties and difficulties that journalists face every day, and overcome them every day. I couldn’t write such material without the opinions of professionals, so here are some of them.

Elvira, TV channel correspondent.
- Irregular work schedule. The difficulty is that you have to work at night, and besides work there is a home and a family. Sometimes it is impossible to get comments from officials. They are not open, they are difficult to catch. There is no time left for yourself at all, for example, even going for a manicure.

Ksenia, TV channel correspondent.
- It is difficult, at times, to maintain objectivity. Absolute truth does not exist, just as there is no absolute good or evil. Every action has reasons, and sometimes it’s very difficult not to take sides. The work of a journalist is energy-intensive. You are constantly in events, always in communication. And outside of work, sometimes you don’t have enough strength and energy for your closest and dearest people. And one more strange difficulty, for me personally. You get used to being a journalist, being an eyewitness. And you no longer go to any holiday or concert as a “civilian” - simply for yourself and your pleasure. And you constantly think: “I wish I could write about this!” But I would tell you something like this.” It’s as if you live only at work, and it’s not always possible to tear yourself away from it. You think differently. Although there are undoubtedly more advantages to our work! We see the world bigger, brighter, in more detail, and from places and angles that many will never see.

Katerina, TV channel correspondent.
- The downside is that you start to look at everything critically, in every event, even the most positive, you always look for shortcomings. In order to show what still needs to be worked on, and whether everyone is so happy with the innovation.

Natalya, newspaper correspondent.
- There are difficulties in obtaining information from official sources that are not interested in providing it. Simply put, from those who don’t particularly want to give it. For example, we closed one official from the administration who took a kickback of 400 thousand rubles for providing 1 million rubles to residents of rural areas for the construction of a house under the state. program. A case was opened, but journalists received zero information! We found out about this through federal websites, and as always - no comments and a ban on publishing materials on this topic. There are difficulties in the salaries of journalists, which cannot at all be an incentive to improve their professional activities. This factor can also be attributed to the disadvantages of the profession. Another difficulty and disadvantage is the presence of danger - if a journalist writes on sensitive topics about those who would not want to be written about. It is also difficult for journalists to work in hot spots - in Syria alone, how many journalists were killed. But in general, this is an interesting and exciting job for active and creative people!

Introductory lesson for free;
A large number of experienced teachers (native and Russian-speaking);
Courses are NOT for a specific period (month, six months, year), but for a specific number of lessons (5, 10, 20, 50);
More than 10,000 satisfied customers.
The cost of one lesson with a Russian-speaking teacher is from 600 rubles, with a native speaker - from 1500 rubles

Global problems are those that can only be resolved through the concerted efforts of the entire world community. These are military threats, environmental threats, global economic, demographic and cultural-technological problems. Journalism performs two main functions: information and reflection and the formation of public opinion. Global problems are a set of issues on the solution of which the essential conditions for the survival of mankind depend: 1) war and peace, 2) elimination of poverty, hunger, illiteracy, 3) narrowing the gap between developed and developing countries, 4) demographic problems, 5) environmental problems (cleanliness of the atmosphere, availability of resources, preservation of natural balance). Humanistic interpretations: global problems include problems of health care, education, and social values. The Club of Rome is a colossal increase in the scale of human activity. Imbalance of long-term and short-term interests.

Among scientific journalists, there is a discussion around the concept of global peace, globalization, global studies, global problems of humanity, current problems of humanity. Scientific centers have appeared on the planet that study pressing problems of our time. A planetary crisis is emerging in the areas of ecology, demography, politics, geopolitics, economics, culture and morality as pressing problems of our time requiring new research approaches and solutions. The planet's leading thinkers have put forward the concept of global peace as the need to join forces to preserve civilizations. Journalists must understand the real state of affairs and their role in searching for adequate responses to the challenges of the time. In this regard, the following main directions are put forward: 1. To acquaint a mass audience with the ideas of global studies and monitoring data on the development of the planetary crisis obtained in research centers; 2. To acquaint a mass audience with the activities of research centers studying the possibilities of neutralizing destructive processes on Earth; 3. To acquaint a mass audience with the ideas of alternativeism - a direction of futurology that develops safe parameters for the development of earthly civilization; 4. Organize disputes and discussions dedicated to understanding the ideas of global studies and alternative studies; 5. To acquaint a mass audience with scientific developments aimed at solving Russian problems within Russia, taking into account the requirements for the safe development of earthly civilizations;

There is a need for the participation of the printed and electronic press in monitoring the planetary crisis in all its manifestations, as well as in managing it, which implies the following points: - deep problem-analytic reflection of crisis situations that have a planetary meaning; - research into possible ways to resolve such situations with the involvement of serious experts; - wide discussion of the most consistent recommendations as an act of self-determination of public opinion; - attracting the attention of government institutions to public opinion on a particular problem as a vector in decision-making. There is a need for more intensive and constructive dialogue in the media between representatives of different cultures, ethnic groups, religions and different political forces in order to bring closer moral guidelines, on the basis of which greater coherence of actions in the world can be achieved, as well as greater mutual understanding between institutions of power and institutions civil society.

Factors ensuring the effective participation of the media in solving pressing problems of our time: - Freedom of the press as an opportunity to carry out journalistic activities in accordance with its internal laws. Economic, political, legal foundations of freedom of the press. - The professional position of a journalist as a set of attitudes towards carrying out activities in accordance with its internal laws. The dependence of a journalist’s professional position on the moral climate of society and the moral climate of the journalistic community. - Professional and ethical regulators of a journalist’s creative behavior as a factor in the productive participation of the media in solving the most important specific historical problems. The dependence of adequate reflection and deep understanding of current problems of our time in the press on such qualities of a journalist as competence.

Problems: 1. Globalization – global media are emerging, concentrated horizontally and vertically. This leads to the creation of a mass information product and the expansion of the English language. Consumption is mass, standardized (mass culture), the consumer becomes passive. 2. The discrepancy between the worldviews of journalists and the audience. Often Zhur-t does not know what is interesting to his audience. This leads to a separation from those for whom the media works. 3. Limited number of advertisers in the regions, which reduces media profits. 4. Dependence on power structures and industrial and financial groups dominating in a given territory. 5. A large number of custom materials, mixing advertising and PR. 6. Undermining the financial base of the media in conditions of galloping inflation in the early 90s. 7. Decrease in the saturation of printed publications per capita. 8. Fall in circulation compared to the Soviet period. 9. "Yellow" press. 10. Information wars. 11. Journalists believe that they are infallible. 12. Cultivation of imaginary values. 13. There is too much information flow, which makes it impossible to analyze the situation. 14. Commercialization of the media. 15. Loss of trust in the media.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

What else to read

Abstract: History of the development of hygiene 1. The development of hygiene in primitive and slave societies. The emergence and development of hygiene has a centuries-old history...

Formation of estimated liabilities and reserves for vacations As in 1s 8 Hello, dear blog readers. Lately, in my consulting work, I have quite often...

Puff khinkal in a pressure cooker Puff DAGESTAN KHINKAL Puff khinkal is often prepared in Dagestan. A very tasty, but high-calorie, masculine dish....

Problems of modern journalism. Current problems of modern journalism. The Internet for journalism is

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Similar documents

What else to read

THE LAST NOTES

Problems of modern journalism. Current problems of modern journalism. The Internet for journalism is

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Similar documents

What else to read

THE LAST NOTES

Categories