Vehicle disposal procedure. Veterinary rules for the disposal of biological waste. Accounting entries for writing off office equipment

In the generally accepted concept, recycling is the safe destruction of any object or item for the purpose of its further processing and use of a secondary resource. The same applies to car recycling. If a car cannot be used for its intended purpose, then it must be properly destroyed. This is necessary to ensure that the materials from which it is made do not harm the environment and can subsequently be recycled and reused.

For example:

• Metal parts of vehicles are melted down to produce metal alloys. Scrap metal is known to be a valuable source for the automotive and metallurgical industries;
• automobile glass is turned into glass wool, filtering and abrasive materials, used in the production of reflectors and in road construction;
• plastic, which makes up about 10 percent of a car's weight, finds its secondary use in the iron and steel industry, the production of building materials and packaging;
• Automobile rubber, after processing, is used for the manufacture of rubber asphalts (we see them mainly at railway crossings), sports coatings, floor mats, conveyor belts, as well as for the manufacture of modern roofing and soundproofing materials. In cement production, automobile rubber is used to produce fuel that prevents harmful emissions into the atmosphere due to high melting temperatures;
• technical auto fluids pose the greatest danger to the environment, especially to soil and water. Their technological processing consists of regeneration (purification and production of new materials with similar chemical properties), as well as their use as an alternative fuel in various industries. Some automobile fluids are burned in a special way, without harm to humans and nature.

Thus, each scrapped car can bring a lot of benefit and gain many new “lives”.

Reasons for car recycling

How to scrap a car? What reasons should there be for this?

There are the following reasons on the basis of which a vehicle can and should be disposed of:

• your vehicle is badly worn out, old or cannot be restored after a traffic accident;
• your vehicle is stolen and all hope is gone that it will be found and returned to you. In this case, you will have to set out in writing the details of the theft and search actions and declare your desire to receive certificates for the remaining parts, documents and numbers (if any remain);
• After the sale, your vehicle was not re-registered to the new owner within the required time frame. Accordingly, transport taxes and fines continue to be received in your name, but the new owner does not make contact.

Step-by-step recycling procedure

How to dispose of a car in 2020 within the framework of current Russian legislation? The vehicle recycling procedure includes physical and legal rejection. Moreover, these two constituent elements can be applied to the car both jointly and separately. For example, if a car is worn out or irreparably damaged, but as an object physically exists and is in the possession of the car owner, then he is first required to take legal action to reject it, and then you can think about scrapping it. And if the car is not physically there, for example, it is stolen or is in the possession of another person who is not documented to be its owner, then we are only talking about the fact that disposal will occur only from a legal point of view, on paper.

In one case or another, the legal procedure will be as follows:

1. The person who owns the vehicle personally visits the State Traffic Inspectorate office in order to declare in writing his desire to carry out the disposal procedure and explains the reason for his decision. Depending on the reason, you need to submit explanatory notes addressed to the head of the traffic police MREO.
2. The car owner receives a certificate of completed legal action - deregistration of the vehicle for the purpose of disposal.

List of required documents

If the car can no longer be used for its intended purpose due to physical unfitness, was stolen or is in the possession of a third party who, after purchasing (or donating) the vehicle, did not re-register it in his name, then the owner of the vehicle must submit the following documents to the traffic police:

• personal passport as a document confirming the identity of the owner of the vehicle;
• a written application to deregister the vehicle (required indicating the reasons for your decision);
• an explanatory note addressed to the head of the territorial department of the State Traffic Inspectorate about the reasons for disposal;
• car documents (STS, PTS, car alienation agreement, state registration numbers) if available. If there are no documents on hand, for example, the car was stolen along with papers for it, then this fact must be described in an explanatory note. You also need to write that if you find them, you undertake to return them to the traffic police. If the contracts under which the car was sold are lost, you can order an extract from the register from the same traffic police department, which will indicate the data of the contract.

Inspection of vehicles during disposal for the above reasons is not carried out!

What to do if the owner of the car decided that his “iron friend” can no longer drive on the roads, but can bring some income from selling it in parts? This question quite often arises among car owners who have lost their car as a result of an accident, do not see the point in restoring it, but at the same time have the opportunity to make money on intact and working parts of the car.

To deregister such a car, the owner of the vehicle, in addition to the generally accepted package of documents, will have to submit documents for the car: its passport, certificate and two state licenses. sign, pay the state duty, and ensure delivery of the released units (engine, body, etc.) for inspection to the traffic police. At the same time, in the application and explanatory note you must list all the parts that you plan to sell and be sure to declare your desire to obtain certificates for all parts of the car. In practice, it is necessary to obtain certificates only for those parts that have personal identification numbers. As a rule, vehicle owners receive documents only for the engine, since registration papers are required when selling or buying it. As a result of such actions, the car owner must receive an extract from the register and certificates for the released units.

If there are no documents for the car, license plate or the car itself

How to hand over a car for recycling if you don’t have any documents on it, and you don’t even have the car itself? This usually occurs as a result of theft, physical destruction (for example, the car burned down or drowned) of the car along with the documents that were inside it. This situation also happens after its alienation (sale or donation), and the new owner refuses to re-register the vehicle in his name. Rejection of a car and legal actions to deregister it can be carried out without submitting the original documents for the car and inspecting it. To carry out legal measures for its documentary destruction, the owner’s personal passport, an application and a written explanation of the reason are sufficient.

However, if there are documents, then it is better to submit them (even if the documents are not all available or they are damaged). This will save the applicant from a lot of controversial issues from employees in uniform, and will ensure the unhindered implementation of the intended goal.

Disposal cost

The state service of deregistering a car is provided free of charge. The state duty is charged only for issuing a certificate for released units (for selling vehicles in parts). It is 200 rubles per document.

From the moment a car is deregistered, it has no right to move under its own power on the roads. Therefore, if you decide to scrap it at a special collection point or use the state recycling program, then its delivery to the final station can only be carried out by tow truck. Its cost is paid according to the rates in your city.

You should also take into account that there is such a thing as . For all cars purchased before 2012 in the Russian Federation, it is considered automatically paid. And when you hand over the car to a specialized vehicle recycling point, no fee will be charged. Owners of all other cars must pay this fee independently and according to the price list of the selected company.

Is it possible to return a car from scrap?

Some car enthusiasts want to know: is it possible to restore their registration rights to a car after it has been deregistered due to disposal? The answer to this question is regulated by paragraph 13 of the Rules of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation on registration actions with vehicles:

• in the event that the car is deregistered with the traffic police due to disposal, but has not yet been physically disposed of, then it is possible to restore the registration rights to it;
• and if a car is deregistered and physically scrapped, then it is impossible to restore its registration.

State recycling program

Almost 8 years ago, a current model for supporting the domestic automobile industry appeared in our country - a vehicle recycling program. This program is also designed to improve the overall state of the environment and reduce the number of old, dangerous cars on our roads.

Any car owner can enter the program if he owns a car weighing up to 3.5 tons, for more than 1 year, and its age is more than 10 years. For many people, scrapping their old car and getting a discount on the purchase of a new car has become the fulfillment of the dream of owning a new car. The current list of cars that can be purchased under this state program is constantly updated and is located on the website of the Ministry of Industry and Trade.

Initially, the program was planned for a period of 1 year (calendar 2010), then it was extended until the end of 2011. However, the rapidly declining demand in the automotive market in Russia predetermined the resumption of the program from 2014 to the present.

How do you know if a car has been scrapped?

If you know the VIN number of any car (not even necessarily your own, for example, before purchasing) and have access to the Internet, then using the official website of the traffic police you can find out the entire history of registration actions with it completely free of charge. At the same time, for the purposes of safety and confidentiality of citizens, the report will indicate the periods of ownership of the vehicle without indicating names and surnames.

A similar check can be carried out by residents of the capital and its environs on the Autocode website. RU". This specialized service reflects data on theft, disposal, arrests, pledges, as well as taxi operations of those cars that are registered in the Moscow region. You can purchase and receive a detailed report in electronic form.

You can also check the car directly by requesting information from the State Traffic Inspectorate. This is possible only on behalf of the owner of the vehicle and in writing.

Conclusion

In accordance with Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPiN) 2.1.7.728-99 "Rules for the collection, storage and disposal of waste from medical and preventive institutions", all healthcare waste is divided according to the degree of its epidemiological, toxicological and radiation hazard into five hazard classes:

Class A. Non-hazardous waste from health care institutions

Waste that does not come into contact with biological fluids of patients, infectious patients, non-toxic waste. Food waste from all departments of all departments of medical and preventive institutions (HCI), except for infectious diseases (including dermatovenerological and phthisiological institutions). Furniture, equipment, faulty diagnostic equipment that do not contain toxic elements. Uninfected paper, construction waste, etc.

Class B. Hazardous (risky) waste from medical institutions

Potentially non-infectious waste. Materials and instruments contaminated with secretions, including blood. Pathological waste. Organic surgical waste (organs, tissues, etc.). All waste from infectious diseases departments, incl. food. Waste from microbiological laboratories working with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups 3-4. Biological waste from vivariums.

Class B. Extremely hazardous waste from health care institutions

Materials that come into contact with patients with particularly dangerous infections. Waste from laboratories working with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups 1-4. Waste from phthisiatric and mycological hospitals. Waste from patients with anaerobic infection.

Class G. Waste from medical institutions, similar in composition to industrial waste

Expired medicines, waste from medicines and diagnostic products, disinfectants that cannot be used, with an expired expiration date. Cytostatics (drugs that block cell division, used mainly in oncology) and other chemicals. Mercury-containing items, devices and equipment.

Class D. Radioactive waste from medical institutions

All types of waste containing radioactive components.

Depending on their class, healthcare waste is subject to different requirements for collection, temporary storage and transportation.

Class A waste is collected in reusable containers or disposable bags. Disposable bags are placed on special carts or inside reusable bins. Filled reusable containers or disposable bags are delivered to the installation sites of (inter)hull containers and reloaded into containers intended for the collection of waste of this class. Reusable containers must be washed and disinfected after collection and emptying.

Bulky waste of this class is collected in special bins for bulky waste. Surfaces and aggregates of bulky waste that have had contact with infected material or patients are subject to mandatory disinfection.

Class A waste can be disposed of at regular solid waste disposal sites.

Class B waste after mandatory disinfection (by immersion in a disinfectant solution prepared in a container specially designated for this purpose) is collected in disposable sealed packaging.

Soft packaging (disposable bags) is fixed on special racks (trolleys).

After the bag is filled approximately 3/4, the air is removed from it and the employee responsible for waste collection in this medical unit seals it. Removing air and sealing the disposable bag is done using a gauze bandage and rubber gloves.

Organic waste generated in operating rooms, laboratories, microbiological cultures and strains, vaccines, virologically hazardous material after disinfection are collected in disposable solid sealed packaging.

Sharps instruments (needles, feathers) that have undergone disinfection are collected separately from other types of waste in disposable solid packaging.

Transportation of all types of class B waste outside the medical unit is carried out only in disposable packaging after it has been sealed.

In designated locations, sealed disposable containers (tanks, bags) are placed in (inter-hull) containers intended for collecting Class B waste.

Class B waste is collected after mandatory disinfection in disposable packaging. Soft packaging (disposable bags) must be mounted on special racks (carts).

After the bag is filled approximately 3/4, the air is removed from it and the employee responsible for waste collection in this medical unit seals it in compliance with safety requirements for pathogens of pathogenicity groups 1-2.

Microbiological cultures and strains, vaccines should be collected in disposable, solid, sealed packaging.

Transportation of all types of class B waste outside the medical unit is carried out only in disposable packaging after it has been sealed.

In designated areas, sealed disposable containers (tanks, bags) are placed in (inter-hull) containers intended for the collection of class B waste.

Waste of classes B and C is destroyed in special installations for the neutralization of waste from healthcare facilities using thermal methods.
Rules for collecting Class G waste depend on the toxicity class.

Used fluorescent lamps, mercury-containing devices and equipment are collected in closed, sealed containers. After filling, the containers are sealed and stored in auxiliary rooms. They are exported by specialized enterprises on contractual terms.

The collection and storage of cytostatics belonging to waste of toxicity classes 1-2 is carried out in accordance with the classifier of toxic industrial waste and other current regulatory documents.

Class G waste, belonging to toxicity classes 2 and 3 in accordance with the classification of toxic industrial waste, is collected and packaged in hard packaging, class 4 - in soft packaging.

Disposal of class G waste is carried out in accordance with the hygienic requirements for the procedure for accumulation, transportation, neutralization and disposal of toxic industrial waste.

Collection, storage, disposal of class D waste is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the rules for working with radioactive substances and other sources of ionizing radiation, radiation safety standards, and other current regulatory documents that regulate the handling of radioactive substances.

Healthcare waste treatment methods can be divided into two groups.

Elimination methods:

Disposal at a special landfill, without disinfection, for example, at a toxic waste site;

Disinfection by chemical or physical methods and storage at solid waste landfills;

Incineration followed by disposal of combustion residues.

Disposal methods(reuse and reuse). Recycling methods, in addition to economic goals, are aimed at limiting the adverse impact of human activities on the environment.

Disinfection of waste involves ensuring the biological safety of the material after its processing and destruction by thermal, radiation or other physicochemical effects.

The following disinfection technologies are distinguished: combustion (ashing); sterilization in an autoclave (steam sterilization); chemical disinfection; pyrolysis; laser processing; microwave disinfection; plasma technology, etc.

The latest WHO recommendations are based on the rejection of the use of technologies associated with chemical disinfection, and the optimal technologies for the neutralization of waste from health care facilities are suggested to be thermal disinfection technologies, with particular emphasis on autoclaving methods.

Chemical neutralization

Disinfection (disinfection) of epidemiologically hazardous waste from medical treatment institutions is carried out using disinfectants registered in the prescribed manner. The combination of mechanical grinding with the method of chemical disinfection of potentially infected and infected hazardous medical waste promotes more complete penetration of disinfectants into the thickness of the waste, which increases the reliability and efficiency of disinfection.

It is most widespread in Russia. It is used due to the very limited distribution of thermal waste disinfection (in 2007, there were only 263 installations for the thermal destruction of medical waste in health care facilities).

Flaws:

When performing disinfection operations, personnel often experience allergic reactions and skin lesions;

The appearance of the waste changes little, which does not guarantee its exclusion from reuse (even to the point of illegal sale);

The complete destruction of a possible infectious origin is not guaranteed due to the uneven penetration of the disinfectant and the varying sensitivity of some microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs;

When burying waste treated with chemical disinfectants, there is a risk of environmental contamination with compounds, mainly chlorine (a group of chlorine-containing preparations is more often used to disinfect waste);

The specific costs of disinfectants (per ton of waste), as well as the costs of preventing possible environmental damage, significantly exceed similar costs for other disinfection methods.

Thermal neutralization

Thermal treatment includes combustion (the term “incineration” is also used, from incinerate - to burn, incinerate), plasma methods, thermolysis and pyrolysis.

Medical waste incinerators, pyrolysis plants, gasification and plasma technologies use high-temperature processes, which, as a result of chemical and physical transformations, lead to the destruction and decomposition of both organic and inorganic fractions included in the waste.

Autoclaves

In Russia, combined type installations are popular, combining a grinder and a steam sterilizer. By loading the original unsorted waste of class B or C, the user receives crushed, unidentifiable and sterile waste of class A.

The process does not have any by-product waste or emissions that pollute the atmosphere, water and land resources, i.e. environmentally friendly.

As a result of steam treatment, all known types of microorganisms die and the waste loses the ability to be reused due to its mechanical destructuring.

Assistive technology

This is a technique that can participate in the process of disposal of hazardous waste, but by itself is not capable of providing the entire chain from its formation to the receipt of a safe product. These are grinders of various kinds, standard steam sterilizers, as well as destructors of injection needles.

Destructors are designed to destroy needles immediately after injection, without removing them from the syringe, which significantly reduces injury to personnel.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Veterinary and sanitary rules for the collection, disposal and destruction of biological waste
(approved by the Chief State Veterinary Inspector of the Russian Federation on December 4, 1995 N 13-7-2/469)

With changes and additions from:

1. General Provisions

1.1. Veterinary and sanitary rules for the collection, disposal and destruction of biological waste (hereinafter referred to as the “Rules”) are mandatory for animal owners, regardless of the method of farming, as well as organizations, enterprises (hereinafter organizations) of all forms of ownership engaged in production, transportation, procurement and processing of products and raw materials of animal origin.

1.2. Biological waste is:

Corpses of animals and birds, incl. laboratory;

Aborted and stillborn fetuses;

Veterinary confiscations (meat, fish, other products of animal origin), identified after a veterinary and sanitary examination at slaughterhouses, slaughterhouses, meat and fish processing organizations, markets, trade organizations and other facilities;

Other waste obtained from the processing of food and non-food raw materials of animal origin.

1.3. Animal owners, within a period of no more than 24 hours from the moment of death of the animal, discovery of an aborted or stillborn fetus, are obliged to notify a veterinary specialist who, based on the results of the inspection, determines the procedure for disposal or destruction of biological waste.

1.4. The responsibility for delivering biological waste for processing or burial (incineration) rests with the owner (head of a farm, personal, subsidiary farm, joint-stock company, etc., public utility service of the local administration).

1.5. Biological waste is disposed of by processing at veterinary and sanitary recycling plants (workshops) in accordance with current rules, disinfected in biothermal pits, destroyed by burning or, in exceptional cases, buried in specially designated areas.

1.6. Places designated for the burial of biological waste (livestock burial grounds) must have one or more biothermal pits.

1.7. With the introduction of these Rules, the destruction of biological waste by burial in the ground is strictly prohibited.

1.7.1. In the area served by the veterinary and sanitary recycling plant, all biological waste, except those specified in clause 1.9. of these Rules are processed into meat and bone meal.

1.7.2. In exceptional cases, in the event of mass death of animals from a natural disaster and the impossibility of transporting them for disposal, burning or disinfection in biothermal pits, burial of corpses in the ground is allowed only by decision of the Chief State Veterinary Inspector of the republic, another subject of the Russian Federation.

1.7.3. In the reindeer breeding zone (permafrost areas), in the absence of the possibility of constructing and equipping cattle burial grounds, burial of biological waste in earthen pits is allowed. For this purpose, special areas are allocated in pastures and along the routes of nomadic herds, if possible in dry, elevated places not visited by deer.

It is prohibited to dump biological waste into water bodies, rivers and swamps.

1.9. Biological waste infected or contaminated with pathogens:

Anthrax, emphysematous carbuncle, rinderpest, camel plague, rabies, tularemia, tetanus, malignant edema, bluetongue of cattle and sheep, African swine fever, botulism, glanders, epizootic lymphangitis, melioidosis (false glanders), myxomatosis, hemorrhagic disease of rabbits, bird plague are burned on site, as well as in incinerators or in specially designated areas;

Encephalopathy, scrapie, adenomatosis, visnamaedi are processed into meat and bone meal. If it is impossible to process them, they must be burned;

Diseases that have not previously been recorded in Russia are burned.

1.10. If biological waste is radioactively contaminated at a dose of 1x10-6 Cu/kg or higher, it must be buried in special storage facilities in accordance with the requirements for radioactive waste.

1.11. These Rules define the conditions:

Collection, disposal and destruction of biological waste in livestock complexes (farms), farms, personal farms, subsidiary plots, populated areas, places of accumulation, nomadic (passage) of animals; when transporting animals and livestock products;

Non-proliferation of pathogens of infectious and invasive animal diseases;

Prevention of human diseases by zooanthroponotic diseases;

Protecting the environment from pollution.

2. Cleaning and transportation

2.1. A veterinary specialist, when examining the corpse of an animal, a stillborn, an aborted fetus and other biological waste, gives an opinion on their collection, disposal or destruction.

With the approval of these Rules, the “Veterinary and sanitary rules for the disposal, cleaning and destruction of animal corpses and waste obtained from the processing of raw animal products”, approved by the USSR Ministry of Agriculture on April 6, 1951 and agreed with the All-Union State Sanitary Inspectorate, are not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation March 14, 1951.

I approve

Agreed

Registration N 1005

Application
to the Veterinary and Sanitary Rules for Collection,
recycling and destruction of biological waste
dated December 4, 1995 N 13-7-2/469

Veterinary and sanitary card to the cattle burial ground (biothermal pit) N _______ 1. Location_______________________________________________________________ (republic within the Russian Federation, region, _________________________________________________________________________ region, autonomous region, autonomous okrug, district, ________________________________________________________________________ settlement) 2. Location of the cattle burial ground (biothermal pit) on the ground (attached is a copy from the land use map on a scale of at least 1:5000 (1 cm 50 m), referenced to a permanent landmark (trigonometric tower, paved road, power line, etc.) 3. Distance from the nearest populated area and its name __________________________________________________________________________ m; -.-.- .-.-.- farm (complex)__________________________________________m; -.-.-.-.-.- pastures_________________________________________________m; -.-.-.-.-.- reservoir_________________________________________________________m; -.-.-.-.-.- roads_______________________________________________________ (between which ________________________________________________________________________ settlements and its characteristics) 4. Description of the area: characteristics of the surrounding territory ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ soil_________________depth of groundwater____________m, direction of precipitation flow___________________________________________. 5. Which settlements, livestock farms (complexes), farms, organizations use the cattle burial ground (biothermal pit) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Area of ​​the cattle burial ground ________________________________________________ sq.m 7. Fencing of the cattle burial ground _______________________________________________ 8. Sanitary characteristics of the cattle burial ground: a) the first burial of biological there was waste in 19_____ b) animals that died from anthrax were buried in_______; c) animals that died from emkar and other diseases caused by spore-forming microorganisms listed in clause 1.9 of these Rules were buried in _______________________________________________________. Back of the card _________________________________________________________________________ Date Identified Remedy Instructions Control Execution. about shortcomings (list of works that must be completed Date of inspection, verification needs to be done). Duration of work Full name, position of execution. Executor. inspector ________________________________________________________________________ Chief State Veterinary Inspector of the district (city) ________________________ Last name AND O (signature) The veterinary-sanitary card was received by _______________________ ________________________ _________________ (Position) (Last name First name Patronymic) (Signature) The veterinary-sanitary card was drawn up in 3 copies and transferred one copy at a time: 1 ._______________________________________________________________________ (organization, farm) 2._______________________________________________________________________ (state veterinary organization) 3.________________________________________________________________________________ (state sanitary inspection body)

Any waste is potentially dangerous, since in a normal or decomposing state it can cause harm to the natural environment and living organisms. Waste from medical institutions poses a particular danger. Improper handling of them can cause the spread of terrible infections and the death of many people. Disposal of medical waste is a mandatory measure, since in an epidemiological sense, this category of waste contains toxic and radioactive substances, chemical elements and pathogenic microorganisms.

What to do with medical waste?

The first thing that is required from employees of medical institutions in terms of handling medical waste is to classify the waste and act in accordance with the garbage belonging to a certain classification group.

Important: In the regulations and legislation of the Russian Federation there is no clear definition of what constitutes “medical waste”.

What does the law say?

The basic document directly related to the management of medical waste of different classes is SanPiN 2.1.7.2790-10 “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the management of medical waste.” It is in this regulatory act that everything that is thrown out by medical institutions is divided into hazard classes.

Other documents that will be useful to healthcare workers:

• Federal Law No. 323, dated November 21, 2011, affecting the basics of protecting the health of Russians;
• Government Decree No. 681, dated 07/04/2012, approving the criteria for dividing medical waste into classes according to various degrees of hazard and negative impact on the environment;
• Federal Law No. 49 of the Russian Federation, which talks about the basics of preserving the health of citizens in the Russian Federation;
• Federal Law No. 89, dated June 24, 1998 “On production and consumption waste,” etc.

The law requires the management of medical departments to independently develop internal instructions with requirements for waste management of the organization, defining the circle of persons responsible for the disposal of medical waste.

Perceived danger

Not everything that is thrown away in medicine poses a threat to nature and people. The degree of danger posed depends on what class the waste belongs to. Medical workers are required to handle it carefully and correctly classify the waste as a hazard class. What belongs to group A can be disposed of as regular waste. Other types of waste must be treated according to the threat they pose.

Important: Even if the waste is not hazardous, but there is a potential for minor or significant hazard, it must be classified as a waste that is disposed of as hazardous.

Requirements for institutions

According to SanPiN, the following requirements are imposed on medical institutions in terms of handling waste:

1. Management issues instructions that prescribe the rules for the disposal of hazardous waste, and also appoint persons responsible for the process.
2. Mixing waste of different classes is not permitted.
3. Scrap is transported to waste disinfection facilities using specialized transport.
4. The procedure for transporting dangerous goods from a medical facility to a disposal site must be mechanized.
5. Workplaces must have first aid kits to provide emergency assistance.

Rules for collecting, sorting, transporting and disposing of medical waste

When collecting waste from medical institutions, workers must strictly follow the following disposal rules:

1. Collection is allowed only if you have special clothing, special shoes and protective equipment provided by the administration of the institution. Washing overalls is done centrally. Taking workwear home is strictly prohibited.
2. It is prohibited to leave the territory of a medical facility wearing special clothing for waste disposal.
3. Employees' personal and professional clothing should be stored in separate lockers.
4. When hiring new employees, permission to work is carried out only after training on the handling of medical waste. Further, similar briefings are carried out with employees at least once a year.
5. Only adults should be allowed to collect medical waste.
6. Starting from group B, employees who are 21 years of age or older are allowed to dispose of waste.

Important: SanPiN provides for several ways to dispose of waste from medical institutions.

It is strictly prohibited:

• work without special sanitary clothing and personal protective equipment;
• press packages intended for classes B and B;
• open bags of waste types B and B manually.

Healthcare workers must clearly distinguish between the hazard classes of medical waste.

Class A

Everything included in this group is not dangerous. These are related products of the activities of medical institutions:

• food waste;
• construction garbage;
• equipment that is not infected;
• furniture, etc.

Such waste can be collected both in disposable bags and in containers intended for reusable use. Class A is disposed of according to the standard scheme applicable to ordinary household waste - stored in landfills, burned, processed as recyclable materials or buried.

Class B waste disposal

Everything that is classified as category B refers to potentially dangerous objects and substances. This is potentially or actually infectious waste, for which special disposable packaging is provided. Such waste can only be transported in a closed form. The thermal method is used for disinfection.

Actions with class B

This group includes substances that pose an extreme epidemiological hazard: medical waste. This includes everything that came into contact with patients suffering from dangerous infectious diseases. This:

• Consumables;
• cleaning tools.

This type of waste is packaged in containers that have special markings. As in the previous case, thermal methods are used for neutralization.

Class G

• anything that contains mercury;
• medications;
• expired disinfectants;
• remnants of medicines.

Closed containers are provided for collection and transportation of this type of waste. Disposal is carried out according to the scheme developed for industrial waste.

Class D handling

Medical waste disposal: basic techniques

A number of methods are used to neutralize medical waste. All of them are divided into 2 groups:

• thermal;
• alternative.

Thermal disinfection

Thermal types of disposal of hazardous waste from medical institutions include:

• incineration;
• pyrolysis;
• plasma technology.

Let's take a closer look at each of the methods.

Incineration Features

The goal of this type of recycling is complete combustion of materials. This happens using a special device - an incinerator. Combustion temperature 400-1200°C.

The method has been recognized as effective and has therefore become widespread. Environmentalists do not welcome it for the following reasons:

• gas or diesel fuel is used;
• toxic substances are released into the air.

Application of pyrolysis

The essence of this method is that medical waste is burned in an environment without air. The method is promising because it does not involve the release of hazardous elements into the environment.

Application of plasma technology

This method is used when it is necessary to dispose of particularly hazardous medical waste. The recycler is called a plasmatron. A temperature of 4,000°C is reached inside the unit. Electricity is used. In the process of using plasma technology, toxic waste is completely decomposed. This method has not been fully studied, so it is used extremely rarely.

Alternative disposal methods

Scientists and doctors have long been searching for ways to dispose of medical waste as safely as possible. Today, in addition to those already mentioned, there are more than 40 methods of neutralizing hazardous waste that are successfully used by medical organizations. About 70 different recycling installations have been created.

The most used alternative methods are:

1. Sterilization. Hazardous waste is pre-shredded using special equipment, then sent to steam installations - autoclaves, where it is neutralized.
2. Thermochemical recycling. Most applicable for waste of classes B and B. During the process, the waste is crushed, heated, and then disinfected.
3. Chemical disposal. Acids and alkalis are used. The process produces water that, after purification, becomes absolutely safe.

Speaking about methods of disposal of medical waste, it is worth mentioning the old-timers of the segment - incineration and burial. Both methods are still used today. Their advantages are simplicity and low cost. They are used for the disposal of safe Class A waste. The main disadvantage is harm to the environment. He crosses out all the advantages.

More information about personal safety requirements for personnel

Only work with class A medical waste does not require special training of people taking part in the process. Only those employees who have been previously instructed about the dangers of medical waste and how to handle it correctly can neutralize medical waste of other classes.

Workers involved in neutralization are provided by the institution with:

• gloves;
• mask;
• suit.

Important: Those working with radioactive devices and consumables are provided with a lead apron.

Employees involved in the neutralization and destruction of medical waste must understand that they are responsible for the safety of other facility personnel and patients, as well as other people who are not clients of the clinic and do not work in it.

Is a license required to recycle medical waste?

According to the law of the Russian Federation, waste of classes A, B and C can be transported and disposed of without a license.

If neutralization of classes G and D is carried out, it is mandatory. For class D recycling, a separate document is required that gives the right to work with particularly hazardous substances.

Prices for transportation and disinfection of medical waste

Organizations involved in the disposal of medical waste operate on a paid basis. The cost of services depends on:

• regional reference;
• degree of danger of garbage;
• monthly volumes of waste.

The approximate cost of recycling a kilogram of medical waste is as follows:

• A – 15.00 rubles;
• B, C, D – 20.00 rubles;
• needles and syringes – 15.00 rubles;
• vaccines – 7.00 rubles;
• pharmaceutical waste – 20.00 rubles.

Conclusion

Employees of medical institutions handling waste, as well as clinic managers, must remember that the safety of people depends on their actions. Not only those who are in the clinic, but also those who never visit it. Incorrect actions of personnel involved in the disposal of medical waste can lead to dire consequences that can ruin many destinies.

Article 5 of the Law lists the categories of products for which expiration dates are established. These include:

• Food.
• Perfumes and cosmetics.
• Medicines.
• Household chemicals.

Products from the listed categories whose shelf life has expired are subject to destruction or disposal (in Article 3 of the Federal Law of January 2, 2000 No. 29-FZ “On the quality and safety of food products”).

Recycling and destruction are fundamentally different concepts:

1. Recycling implies that an expired product can be used in the future, but no longer for its intended purpose. (Article 1 No. 29-FZ “On the quality and safety of food products”). For example, it can be used as animal feed, processed into jam, vinegar, etc.

   Only a state examination by Rospotrebnadzor will make sure that a product can be processed for its subsequent use.

2. We have to talk about the destruction of goods in the case when an examination has recognized the impossibility of its disposal.

   If expired products are unsuitable for further use in any form, it is necessary to destroy them (clause 11 of the Regulations on the examination of low-quality and dangerous food raw materials and food products, their use or destruction, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 29, 1997 No. 1263. Further - Position).

How to determine what exactly to do with expired goods?

To determine the future fate of expired goods, you must contact Rospotrebnadzor for an examination.

The specific procedure will depend on the type of product.

1. For medicinal products, perfumes, and tobacco products, examination is required in all cases. This is regulated by a number of legal acts: clause 2 of Art. 31 of the Federal Law of June 22, 1998 No. 86-FZ “On Medicines” and clause 18 of the Regulations.
2. In the case of food products, they can be destroyed or disposed of without examination. This is permitted by clause 4 of the Regulations under the following conditions:
   • The owner cannot confirm the origin of the products.
   • The goods have obvious signs of poor quality and thus pose a threat to human life.
3. In all other cases, expired goods are subject to examination. To do this, you need to contact the territorial division of Rospotrebnadzor to determine the possibility of disposal or destruction of illiquid products.

Based on the results of the procedure, Rospotrebnadzor issues a decision on either disposal or destruction of expired goods.

Methods and conditions for further processing of products are chosen by their owner independently and must comply with the requirements of regulatory or technical documents. However, the chosen method must be agreed upon with Rospotrebnadzor officials. All examination services are paid by the owner of the goods.

If the products are planned to be disposed of as animal feed, the procedure must be agreed upon with the Commissioner of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor).

How to dispose of goods that have passed their sell-by date?

Working with expired goods begins with identifying options for its further use. For this:

1. The owner contacts Rospotrebnadzor to conduct an examination of the product. You can familiarize yourself with the list of goods that are considered unsuitable for use after the expiration date in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 16, 1997 No. 720. The assessment procedure itself is regulated by the following regulations:
   • paragraph 2 art. 3, art. 25 of the Federal Law of January 2, 2000 N 29-FZ;
   • clauses 2, 3 of the Regulations.
2. Based on the results of the inspection, the authorized body issues a conclusion that the product can be disposed of.
3. The specific permission depends on the further intended use of expired products. For example, for the processing of raw materials into animal feed, an appropriate conclusion is issued signed by a representative of the veterinary supervision.
4. Until disposal, all expired products must be stored in strictly designated areas. Storage containers must fully comply with sanitary requirements: be airtight.
5. Disposal is carried out by a specialized company. This company must have a license from Rospotrebnadzor to carry out activities for the disposal of a specific type of waste (Article 9 of the Federal Law “On Production and Consumption Waste” dated June 24, 1998 N 89-FZ). In accordance with the law, products must be removed for disposal in a timely manner.
6. The company removes expired products from the plant to a processing site.
7. Based on the results of the examination, the products are processed either into animal feed or secondary raw materials.
8. The owner of the product is obliged to notify the authority that issued the disposal permit that the product has been transferred to the appropriate company for further use. This must be done within 3 days after the product is transferred to the recycling company. Notification is carried out by providing the original document confirming the transfer, or its notarized copy. (Clause 16 of the Regulations).

Despite the fact that the law allows for the independent destruction of expired goods, it is considered most appropriate to contact a specialized company.

In this case, the owner will not have to worry about the rules for the destruction of certain types of products or their proper storage.

A cooperation agreement is concluded with the recycling company. The company itself picks up the goods and takes them to the place of destruction. The company carrying out the liquidation of products must be accredited.

During the destruction of expired products, reporting documents are also drawn up. These include:

• Primary documentation.
• Product disposal act.

The exact requirements for the content of documents depend on the type of product. Thus, the destruction of food and perfumery and cosmetic products is formalized by an act of form No. TORG-16. It is drawn up in several copies (according to the number of commission members) and signed by all its members. The composition is approved by the director of the organization. May include company employees, representatives of the recycling company and Rospotrebnadzor (if necessary).

Ways to dispose of products

• Burial in a landfill. The most non-ecological method. Products are taken to a special place and stored there.
• Burning. The goods are placed in special ovens - crematoria and burned there. The resulting ash can later be used as fertilizer.

Thus, if goods have an expiration date, the seller is obliged to carefully monitor the period of delay. Expired products cannot be sold and must be recycled or destroyed. These are 2 fundamentally different procedures, the implementation of which allows the owner to legally get rid of illiquid products.

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