Project Sochi National Park. Sochi National Park is a national treasure of Russia. Sochi National Park: attractions

Krasnodar region

Founding history
Sochi National Park is one of the very first parks created in our country. It was founded in 1983 with the goal of preserving and restoring natural complexes and objects of high environmental, scientific and recreational value. Its area is about 194 thousand hectares.
Sochi National Park is an ideal place for ecotourism due to the unique climatic conditions for our country, biological and landscape diversity, and the uniqueness of many natural sites.

Physiographical features
The national park is located in the northwestern part of the Greater Caucasus, on its Black Sea slope. The terrain of the territory is mountainous, highly dissected.
In total, 40 rivers and streams flow through the territory of the national park, the longest are Mzymta, Shakhe, Psou. There are a large number of waterfalls and canyons on rivers and streams: Bezymyanny (72 m) on the Psou River, Orekhovsky (33 m) on the right tributary of the Sochi River at the confluence of the Bezumenki Stream.
The park contains interesting karst formations, the famous Vorontsov and Akhun caves.
The subtropical climate of the territory is characterized by warm and mild winters and hot summers. The average air temperature changes with altitude and movement from north to south. Average temperatures on the northern part of the coast in January are about +5ºС, in July +23ºС, and at an altitude of 2000 m (Circassian Pass) -5ºС and +12ºС.

Diversity of flora and fauna
The most widespread forests in the park are dominated by eastern beech. Its silver-gray trunks reach 50 meters in height! Oak plantations occupy about a quarter of the forested area and are located mainly on the dry and warm southern slopes of the mountains. Only in the Caucasus does the common chestnut (European), which is a relict species, grow under natural conditions.
Boxwood plantings are very picturesque: the lace of small, black-green, glossy boxwood foliage and the fluffy, long moss hanging from the trunks and branches, like the beards of fairy-tale characters, gives the forest a fantastic look of a green kingdom.
This territory, like the entire Caucasus, is rich in very rare and valuable species. Common fig, Caucasian lily, Caucasian lily, Caucasian lily, Lipsky tulip, and orchid species found here are listed in the Red Book of Russia: orchids: orchid aquiferous, anakamptis pyramidalis, purple orchis and many others.
The fauna of the national park includes about 70 species of mammals: brown bear, deer, lynx, Caucasian and European roe deer, marten, otter and others.
The most rare and valuable species of animals are listed in the International Red Book. These are the Caucasian cross, the Aesculapian snake and the Caucasian viper.

What to watch
Dozens of tourist routes pass through the territory of the national park, many of which have a long history. They include visits to the Agursky and Orekhovsky waterfalls, Mount Akhun, Vorontsovsky caves, Akhshtyrsky and Khostinsky canyons.
And you can’t help but visit the Narzan springs, the Mamedovo Gorge, the archaeological monument “Dolmen”, the Volokon Gorge, and speleological routes through numerous caves.

Based on materials from oopt.info and zapoved.ru

Sochi National Park, created in 1983, became one of the country's first national parks.

The area of ​​Sochi National Park is 190 thousand hectares

The main part of the environmental protection zone is occupied by forests (more than 180 thousand hectares), the rest of the territory is hayfields and pastures, roads, clearings, water, and estates. However, the park does not include the Black Sea water area. The tourist service area is about 13 thousand hectares. Administratively, the park is divided into 15 forest districts, united into three large territorial groups: Adler, Central and Lazarevskaya.

This is a large natural site where subtropical vegetation is adjacent to snow-covered mountain peaks. In the north-west it is limited by the mouths of the Shepsi and Magri rivers, in the south-east by the border with Abkhazia. The southern and northern borders became the Black Sea coast and the watershed line of the Main Caucasus Range.

An ordinary trip through the Sochi National Park can take several days, and to get around it completely, not even a week is enough. The park is divided into two zones. The majority consists of mountainous terrain with numerous streams, while the smaller foothill zone along the coast is characterized by a leveled landscape.

Prices in Sochi National Park 2020

• Entrance to Sochi National Park - 100 rubles;
• Climbing to the observation tower on Mount Akhun - 100 rubles.

In addition, a separate fee is charged when visiting some other sites of the National Park in Sochi. If the official website is not available, then you need to clarify the information directly with the park administration - in person or through the specified contacts. Finally, you can ask questions to Sochi experts and experienced tourists (form at the bottom of the page).

Animals of Sochi National Park

The fauna is extremely diverse. Representatives of about 70 species of mammals live in the park. Among them are brown bears, lynxes, chamois, deer, wild boars, roe deer, wolves, martens, otters, badgers, hares and many others.

The natural conditions of the Caucasus ensured the appearance of endemics (a fifth of mammals): the Caucasian grouse, the Promethean mouse, etc.

The rarest species, for example the Aesculapian snake, are listed in the International Red Book.

Plants of Sochi National Park

The predominant species is the eastern beech, the trunk of which can reach 50 meters in height. Oak plantations are widespread on the southern slopes of the mountains. Only in the Caucasus can you find a relict species - European chestnut. The lacy foliage of boxwoods gives the forest a fabulous look.

Rare and valuable species listed in the Red Book of Russia (Lipsky tulip, etc.) are also found here.

Leopards in Sochi National Park

The Leopard Rehabilitation Center in the Caucasus, opened in 2009, is located in the vicinity of the village of Monastery, not far from the Akhtsu Gorge. This is the first specialized complex in Russia for breeding large predators.

The Central Asian leopard was listed in the national Red Book in 2001. This is one of the largest subspecies of leopards in the world. Massive poaching in the 1950s brought it to the brink of extinction. The center's specialists are trying to prevent this from happening.

During the existence of the center, 14 kittens were born in Sochi National Park. The first grown leopards were released into the wild in 2016. The center is closed to the general public, but broadcasts are available online on the website (may be interrupted).

Sights of Sochi National Park

The territory of Sochi Park contains not only natural, but also cultural and historical treasures of the region: dolmens and megaliths, cave sites, fortresses. Target places for most tourists are waterfalls, canyons and gorges, caves, mineral springs, lakes, Yew-boxwood grove, observation decks, picnic meadows, historical monuments and a thematic museum. The Sochi Arboretum is also under the management of the National Park.

Waterfalls of Sochi National Park

More than a hundred river waterfalls, falling from a height of 2 to 72 meters, are available to tourists in the National Park.

The Devil's Gate Canyon, 14 km from Adler, has good transport accessibility. The height of the rocks above the Khosta riverbed in this canyon reaches 50 meters.

Caves in Sochi National Park

Sochi National Park contains more than 300 natural caves. The longest is the Vorontsov cave system, 11,720 meters; excursions are held for tourists, several halls and grottoes are available.

The Akhshtyrskaya cave near the village of the same name is of greatest value for historical research. Previously, it was even closed as a “unique monument of primitive architecture,” but is now equipped and open for excursions.

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In 1870 it was organized Sochi forestry. Initially, it included the lands of the Sochi and, to some extent, Velyaminovsky departments, in the Black Sea district. If we talk about the administrative side, the Sochi forestry was subordinate to the Department of State Property in the city of Yekaterinodar.

The forestry included management and nine state-owned dachas: Muravyovskaya, Golovinskaya, Tsarskaya, Adlerskaya, Lazarevskaya, Kubanskaya, Aleksandrovskaya, Velyaminovskaya and Makopsinskaya.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the forestry included only five dachas: Kubanskaya, Adlerskaya, Muravyovskaya, Tsarskaya and Golovinskaya. Their total area was 152,379 acres. The size of the convenient forest area was equal to 133,256 acres.

In 1915, due to the transition to private ownership and economic development of the coast, the territories served by the forestry decreased - from now on they amounted to 114,745 acres. The main goals of the forestry included the following: land surveying, as well as their description, leasing and sale.

In addition to the above-mentioned functions, the forestry was involved in organizing various measures to protect the forest, selling forests and logging, issuing permits for trapping animals and birds, hunting, and supervised the organization of settlements and colonization of the entire coast.

In 1983, by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated May 5, 1983 No. 2146, the Sochi State Natural National Steam j. The main task of the park was the following: to preserve and restore natural complexes that have special historical, economic, and aesthetic value and to use them for scientific, recreational, cultural and educational purposes.

By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 9, 1995 No. 990, as well as by order of the General Director of the Sochi State Natural National Park dated November 15, 1995 No. 158, the park was renamed to.

Climate, relief and general information of Sochi National Park

, with a total area of ​​1,937.37 km², is located in the northwest Greater Caucasus, on a slope near the Black Sea. There are mountains in the protected area, as a result of which the local terrain is highly dissected.

Total within territorial limits Sochi Park About 40 streams and rivers flow through the area, the longest among them being Shakhe, Psou, Mzymta. There are a considerable number of canyons and waterfalls on streams and rivers: Orekhovsky waterfall is located on the right tributary of the Sochi River, at the confluence of the Bezumenki stream and Bezymianny - on the Psou River. In the park you can see interesting karst formations: the famous Akhunsky and Vorontsovsky caves.

The park is dominated by subtropical climate, which is characterized by hot summers and mild, warm winters. The average air temperature depends on altitude and will change as you move from north to south. On the northern part of the coast, the average daily temperature in January is about +5ºС, and in July reaches +23ºС. At the Circassian Pass, the height of which is equal to 2000 meters - -5ºС and +12ºС.

Sochi National Park and its vegetation

Most of the territories Sochi National Park occupy forests dominated by oriental beech. The silver-gray trunks of these trees reach a height of 50 meters! About a quarter of the area covered by forest is occupied by oak plantations. These territories are located mainly on warm and dry southern mountain slopes. Only in the Caucasus can one admire the common (European) chestnut in natural conditions, which is one of the relict species. The boxwood plantings are incredibly picturesque.

Like the entire Caucasus, this territory is rich in valuable and very rare species. IN Red Data Book of the Russian Federation included Caucasian lily, Anakamptis pyramidalis, Caucasian candyk, Ophrys aquiferous, Lipsky tulip, common fig, as well as various types of orchids such as purple orchis and many others.

Sochi National Park and its fauna

The national park is inhabited by typical representatives alpine And mountain forest Caucasian fauna. In total, the park is home to about 70 species of mammals. On the territory of the alpine meadows you can meet Severtsov's West Caucasian tur, chamois, Caucasian red deer, snow vole, and Promethean mouse. Birds include snowcock, Caucasian black grouse, pipit, griffon vulture warbler and others.

Typical inhabitants of the forest belt are brown bear, roe deer, wolf, wild boar, wildcat, fox, squirrel, brown hare, marten, badger, lynx. The most valuable and rare species are included in the International Red Book, among them: the Caucasian viper, the Aesculapian snake, and the Caucasian cross.

Goals and objectives

To the main goals that it is designed to fulfill , include the following:

1. Preserve natural complexes, unique and reference natural areas and objects.
2. Preserve valuable historical and cultural objects.
3. Environmentally educate the population.
4. Create conditions for recreational recreation in natural conditions, as well as for regulated tourism.
5. Develop and implement scientific methods that will contribute to the conservation of unique natural complexes in conditions of recreational use.
6. Carry out environmental monitoring.
7. Restore damaged natural, as well as cultural and historical complexes and objects.
8. Develop scientific, technical, information and cultural cooperation with protected areas of Russia, with foreign countries, other enterprises, institutions and organizations in accordance with the tasks and goals of the national park.
9. Protect, protect and reproduce forests, guided by the principles of preserving the biological diversity of forest ecosystems, sustainable forest management, increasing the resource and environmental potential of the forests of the Sochi National Park.

1983 is considered the year of birth of the Sochi National Park. This is one of the first parks in our country.

The total area of ​​the park is 194 thousand hectares. Thanks to the ideal climate, the rarity of many natural sites and pristine nature, the park has become an ideal place for active recreation and tourism.

Sochi Park is located on the Black Sea slope of the Greater Caucasus, in its northwestern part. The terrain of the park is mainly mountainous and very broken.

There are many rivers and streams flowing throughout the National Park. There are about 40 of them in total. The longest river is Mzytma, followed by Shakhe and Psou. Many waterfalls and canyons formed on the rivers. On the Psou River there is the largest waterfall, called Bezymyanny: its height is simply amazing - it’s as much as 72 meters!

On the Sochi River, on its right tributary, where the Bezumenka stream flows into, there is the Orekhovsky waterfall, 33 meters high. The famous karst caves – Vorontsovskaya and Akhunskaya – present an amazing picture.

Winter in the north of the reserve is always warm and mild. The temperature in January never drops below + 5 degrees Celsius. Summer in Sochi Park is hot, with temperatures of + 25 degrees Celsius. And already in the Circassian Pass (2000 m) the temperature is much lower: in winter – 5, in summer +12 degrees Celsius. And all this thanks to the subtropical climate, which creates a kind of order here.

Nature and animals of Sochi National Park

How can such a corner of the earth, with a wonderful climate, be deprived of flora and fauna? In no case! Therefore, the vegetation of the National Park is simply amazing in its diversity. Many plants are represented by rare species that are listed in the Red Book of Russia. Lipsky tulip, Caucasian lily, common fig, and Caucasian kandyk are found here in large numbers.

The Caucasian viper is an inhabitant of Sochi Park.

Only in this park do luxurious trees grow, called sowing chestnuts. They grow in natural conditions and are considered a relict species. Eastern beech is very common in forests. This powerful and beautiful tree grows up to 50 meters, and its silver-gray trunks make the forest transparent and light. The slopes are dominated by dense oak plantations. They occupy a quarter of the entire forest area of ​​Sochi Park. The small, glossy, black-green foliage of boxwood gives the forest a whimsical appearance. The fluffy and gray beards of moss that hang from the branches of the trees make the forest a fantastic kingdom.

Brown bear: in Russia you can’t live without it!

The national park is inhabited by a huge number of mammals. These are Caucasian and European roe deer, lynx, deer, and about 70 other species of various animals. There are also rare species of animals that are included in the International Red Book: these are the Caucasian cross, the Caucasian viper, and the Aesculapian snake.

What should tourists and visitors to Sochi Park see?

Many tourist routes will show the beauty, majesty and uniqueness of the Sochi National Park. It is worth looking at the Orekhovsky and Angursky waterfalls, and visiting Mount Akhun.

Sochi National Park was created in 1983 and became one of the first national parks in Russia. On a vast territory in the mountains, the size of which reaches 190 thousand hectares, all production activities were stopped. This land was transferred to Russian citizens for recreational and tourism purposes.
Sochi National Park is located in the south of the Krasnodar Territory, north of Sochi, in the foothills of the Greater Caucasus. Most of the park's territory is occupied by mountains, dissected by river valleys. The foothill zone occupies a narrow strip along the Black Sea.
About 40 rivers and streams of the Black Sea basin flow through the territory of the Sochi National Park. Their length is small; only rivers such as Mzymta, Psou and Shakhe are more than 50 kilometers long. There are a large number of waterfalls and canyons on rivers and streams. Waterfalls are mainly located in the upper reaches of rivers; 103 waterfalls with threshold heights from 2 to 73 meters are available for visiting.
The territory of the park itself is unique, since nowhere in Russia subtropics and highlands coexist so closely. That is why the mountainous Black Sea region is characterized by the most complex range of altitudinal zones on the territory of our country - from mountain broad-leaved forests of the foothills through mountain beech and coniferous forests to subalpine landscapes and highlands with exposed rocks and snow. The territory of the Sochi National Park is classified as the Colchis forest province with a very rich and diverse flora. In the Sochi National Park there are about 1,500 species of native higher plants, of which 164 species are classified as trees, shrubs, subshrubs and lianas, and all the rest are classified as herbaceous plants. There are a large number of relict and endemic species. The berry yew, which is often found in the Sochi National Park, is included in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. And 51 species of plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia, including yew berry, Pitsunda pine, 2 types of snowdrops, 3 types of fingerheads, 3 types of ophrys, 9 types of tryshniks, Colchian boxwood, Caucasian lily, Caucasian lyon and others.

Main tourist attractions in Sochi National Park

33 Waterfalls- the Dzhegosh stream is located in the lower reaches of the Shakhe River, 11 km from the mouth and is the right tributary of this river. In the picturesque gorge there are numerous small waterfalls, rapids, and waterfalls, which attract tourists and sightseers with their beauty. There are 33 waterfalls, 7 cataracts and 13 rapids on the Dzhegosh stream. At a distance of 750 m from the mouth, a significant part of the Dzhegosh stream, 500 meters long, is a cascade of many low waterfalls, rapids and chutes. The height of the upper waterfall is 2m, the lower one is 7m. Above the uppermost waterfall there is a spring that supplies water to the Dzhegosh stream.

Vorontsovsky karst complex- The Vorontsovskaya cave system is located on the ridge of the same name near the city of Sochi, 18–20 km from the village of Khosta at an absolute altitude of 419–680 m above sea level. Vorontsovskaya cave is the longest karst cavity in the Krasnodar region and ranks 6th in the classification of the longest caves in Russia. The length of the Vorontsovskaya cave is 11,720 m, the height difference is 240 m. It is located in the upper reaches of the Kudepsta River, 3 km from the village of Vorontsovka, Khostinsky district. The Vorontsov cave system consists of three parts: Vorontsovskaya, Labyrinthovaya and Kabanya, which are connected to each other by siphons - narrow passages filled with water. You can enter these labyrinths through 12 entrances, some of which were known to primitive people. The cave is not only a geological monument. Archaeological excavations discovered material evidence of the settlement of the cave by primitive man 15-20 thousand years ago. Stone and bone tools, animal bones, and remains of pottery were found. Bones of a cave bear were found in the Bear and Hearth Halls. Near the cave there are interesting statues of guardians, as well as a neo-Buddhist head spewing water.

Eagle's Nest observation deck- Arriving in Lazarevskoye, tourists strive to explore all the beauties of this resort village. And they have a great opportunity to see them all at once. To do this, they should visit the Eagle’s Nest observation deck, which offers a magnificent panorama of Lazarevsky. The observation deck “Eagle’s Nest” is called that for a reason. On its territory there is a real eagle’s nest, which everyone can also see. Its size is impressive, it is a huge structure made of tree branches and grass.

Agur Gorge- located in the bed of the Agura River in the Khostinsky district of the city, four kilometers from its confluence with the Black Sea. Here, over several hundred meters, there are three waterfalls with a height of 21 m - the upper one, 23 m - the middle one and 30 meters - the lower one. Since Agura feeds only on water that falls to the surface in the form of snow and rain, in the summer it often dries up completely, and the waterfalls disappear. The best time to visit this site is autumn-spring, when heavy rains fill the Agura riverbed. Waterfalls then look menacing and majestic.

The fauna of Sochi National Park includes about 80 species of mammals, about 120 species of birds, 17 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians, 21 species of fish. 15 species of animals are included in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, including leopard, corncrake, quail, Caucasian viper, Colchis snake, Colchis toad and others. Among those species of animals that are listed in the Red Book of Russia, 10 species of mammals, 9 species of birds, 4 species of reptiles, 5 species of amphibians, 3 species of annelids, and fish - brown trout and Ukrainian lamprey - are found in the park.
On the territory of the Sochi National Park there is a significant number of karst massifs - Alek, Akhun, Akhtsu, Akhshtyr, Dzykhra. On these massifs there are about 200 caves, of which 50 caves are the largest karst cavities, of interest for scientific purposes and for caving tourism. The longest karst cavities in the country include the famous Vorontsovskaya cave on the Akhtsu massif, 12 kilometers long, and the Nazarovskaya cave on the Alek massif, 7 kilometers long. On the territory of the Sochi National Park there are 114 historical and cultural monuments - these are sites of ancient people, settlements, dolmen structures, well-shaped tombs, remains of fortresses, temples, burial mounds, sacrificial stones, obelisks and military monuments.
The priority area of ​​the park’s work is related to environmental education. For this purpose, environmental education centers with small museum exhibitions have been created on the territory of Verkhnee-Sochinsky, Golovinsky, Krasnopolyansky and Lazarevsky forest districts.
After the creation of the Sochi National Park, its employees laid forest roads here, landscaped paths and bridges, and opened 50 natural sites to guests. These were unique canyons, waterfalls, caves, dolmens, and forest parks. And the guests did not keep themselves waiting - they flocked to excursions to the Sochi National Park as part of numerous excursion groups.