Abstract: Ports of Canada and the USA. Cargo transportation from the port of Quebec (Canada) The largest seaports in Canada

VANCOUVER (city and port in Canada)

VANCOUVER, a city and port in Canada, on the Pacific Ocean. Population 1.8 million people (2004). Forestry, food, engineering (including shipbuilding, production of equipment for the forestry and mining industries) industries. University.

encyclopedic Dictionary. 2009 .

See what "VANCOUVER (a city and port in Canada)" is in other dictionaries:

City of Vancouver Vancouver Flag Coat of Arms ... Wikipedia

Vancouver (Vancouver), a city in the southwest of Canada, in the province of British Columbia. Located on the shores of Burrard Bay, near the US border. The third most populous city in the country (after Montreal and Toronto) ≈ 955 thousand people. (1968, with suburbs). IN.… …

City and port in Canada, on the Pacific Ocean. 472 thousand inhabitants (1991). Forestry, food, engineering (including shipbuilding, production of equipment for the forestry and mining industries) industries. University... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

I (Vancouver), an island in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of North America (Canada). 32.2 thousand km2. Height up to 2200 m. Coniferous forests. Fishing. The main city and port of Victoria. Named after J. Vancouver. II city and port in Canada, on the Pacific Ocean... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

1) city in the province. British Columbia, Canada. Initially the village at the Granville sawmill. In 1887, it turned out to be the terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway and was named Vancouver (Vancouver) in honor of the English navigator... ... Geographical encyclopedia

This term has other meanings, see Vancouver (meanings). Vancouver Vancouver City ... Wikipedia

- (Vancouver) (1757 1798), English navigator. Member of the 2nd and 3rd expeditions of J. Cook (1772 1779). In 1790-1795 he led a round-the-world expedition that explored the Pacific coast of North America. * * * VANCOUVER George VANCOUVER... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Victoria, a city in Canada, on the southeastern tip of Vancouver Island, the administrative center of the province of British Columbia. 57.5 thousand inhabitants (1966). Port on the Pacific Ocean; export of timber and fish products. Construction and repair… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia

CANADA, a state in North America. Occupies the northern part of the mainland and the adjacent islands, including the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, the islands of Newfoundland (see NEWFOUNDLAND (island)), Vancouver (see VANCOUVER (island)).... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

This term has other meanings, see Manitoba (meanings). Manitoba English Manitoba Province of Canada ... Wikipedia

Abstract on the topic:

Ports of Canada, USA. Foreign trade specialization.

New Orleans located in the river delta Mississippi 150 km from the Gulf of Mexico. Port facilities stretch along both banks of the river for 200 km, including the length of the equipped berthing front is 65 km. Two navigable fairways lead to the port - one along the main branch of the Mississippi, the second, shortened, along an artificial canal built in 1964, 112 km long and 11 m deep. Thanks to the Mississippi, New Orleans has the largest area of ​​gravity in the United States, where half of all industrial and 60% of the country's agricultural products are produced.

From the earliest colonial period, New Orleans was a major port for the export of cotton, once the main American export. It has not lost this primacy to this day, and is also the leader among American ports in the export of corn, wheat flour and soybeans, and in the import of bananas and coffee. New Orleans is second only to New York in the value of goods handled. However, now its cargo turnover (by weight) is dominated by oil and petroleum products.

New Orleans is the main transportation hub in the southern United States and an important center for regular shipping. In New Orleans r. The Mississippi is the core transport artery of the south, intersecting with the most important latitudinal waterway, the Gulf Intercoast Waterway. Eight railways and 54 highways converge on it. It serves 60 river and coastal lines and more than 100 regular sea lines. Container transportation has become widespread.

Houston- the largest city in the southern United States, located 80 km from the Gulf of Mexico. It became a seaport in 1915, when a deep-water canal was dug to it and a turning basin was built within the city. Along the entire canal there are berths of oil refining and petrochemical enterprises, to which 50 sea vessels can moor - the same number as to the berths within the city limits. Its outport is located on an island at the entrance to the Houston Sea Channel. Galveston.

Galveston is much older than Houston, and for some time more wheat was exported through it than any other port in the United States. Although Galveston is located in one of the world's largest oil producing areas, it is exclusively a dry cargo port. Now it is the world's largest sulfur export port. It is usually transported by ship in molten form to American and European sulfuric acid plants. In the area between the Mississippi and RioGrande rivers there are four more port complexes located along deep-water channels dug deep into the territory and accessible to seagoing vessels: Brownsville - Port Isabel; Corpus Christi - Port Aransas; Freeport - Velasco; Port Arthur - Beaumont - Lake Charles.

Brownsville on the Rio Grande River bordering Mexico, it is connected to the bay by a 30-kilometer canal, and in 1949 the latitudinal waterway Gulf Intercoast Waterway was extended to it. Brownsville then became a transportation outlet for the rich agricultural region of the Rio Grande Valley and the mining regions of northern Mexico. Mainly cotton and non-ferrous metals are exported through it, and oil is exported from the Port Isabel refinery.

Corpus Christi became a port in 1926 when a 45-kilometer canal was built. Through it, bauxite is imported from Jamaica for aluminum smelters. The output of Corpus Christi and its outport of Port Aransas is dominated by oil.

Freeport on the river The Brazos is an entirely man-made engineering structure. The city of Velasco on the river. Brazos was one of the oldest ports in the southern United States, but after the mouth of the river silted up, it became inaccessible even to small coastal ships. In 1929, the river was blocked by a dam 15 km from the bay and the water was released through an artificial canal. The old channel was cleared and turned into a long, deep-water harbor.

A complex of ports on the border of Texas and Louisiana (providing more than half of all oil produced in the country) - Port Arthur - Beaumont - Lake Charles serves neighboring oil fields; oil exports through these ports account for 90% of their cargo turnover.

On the east coast of the Gulf of Mexico, the most significant ports are Mobile And Tampa- on the western coast of the Florida Peninsula. Tampa is the world's largest phosphate export port.

There are no major ports on the Atlantic coast of the southern states. The most significant of them are Miami, Jacksonville, Savannah And Charleston. The main source of cargo turnover for them is now the forestry and woodworking industries.

The northern stretch of the Atlantic coast, from the Chesapeake Bay to the Gulf of Maine, has the largest transshipment potential in the world. The area's ports—New York, Philadelphia, Hampton Rhodes, Baltimore, and Boston—handle 75% of all U.S. maritime trade by value, including 40% through New York.

New York- the largest port in the United States and the entire Western Hemisphere. The main dry cargo berths are located in the Upper Bay (Upper Bay), on the river. Hudson and East River. The Hudson River was connected by a canal to the Great Lakes basin in 1825, which greatly contributed to the transformation of New York into the main sea gate of the country.

The port facilities stretch from north to south for 80 km, and from west to east - almost 60 km. The port territory extends not only beyond the city limits, but also beyond the borders of New York State. Between the islands of Manhattan, Long Island and Staten Island lies Upper Bay, one of the best natural harbors in America. At the tip of o. Long Island is located in the harbor area of ​​Brooklyn. It is separated from the island by the East River Strait. Manhattan, and is connected to it by the Brooklyn Suspension Bridge. The Hudson River separates the port complexes of New Jersey from the island. New York is the largest transatlantic passenger port. More than 1 million long-distance passengers pass through its sea terminals annually. It is usually the first port of call for ships arriving in America and the last for outgoing ones. 170 international lines converge on it, the ship turnover exceeds 50 vessels per day. The silhouette of Manhattan resembles a giant comb, the teeth of which form skyscrapers in the vertical direction, and countless narrow piers in the horizontal direction, installed at right angles to the shore. The port has over 800 such piers, thanks to which the total length of the New York port berth line reaches 1,200 km.

Although New York is inferior to Rotterdam in terms of cargo turnover, it has no equal in the world in terms of the value of transshipped cargo.

Coastal and foreign trade cargo occupy approximately an equal share of cargo turnover, but unlike most other major world trading ports, the share of oil cargo in cargo turnover is only a third of its total physical volume. The port has a large warehouse area for storing general cargo. New York has special foreign trade zones where imported goods can be unloaded and stored in warehouses without paying customs duties.

General cargo is handled mainly on narrow piers, the insufficient width of which does not allow them to be equipped with crane and railway tracks. Therefore, cargo operations are carried out mainly by ships and the main type of intra-port transport is cars. Due to the insufficient development of access railway lines, railway cars are transported from one part of the port to another on lighters with rails on the deck. They transport the wagons to special railway piers, to which sea vessels do not moor and which serve only for sorting railway wagons and sending them out of the port.

These intraport lightering operations significantly increase the cost of cargo operations in New York compared to other competing ports. Partly for this reason, the decline in the share of the New York port, discovered back in the 20s, has now become an obvious fact. The port of New York attracts clients primarily due to frequent ship departures and a high level of commercial services. As a passenger port and regular shipping hub, it can maintain its position.

Philadelphia located on the river Delaware at the confluence of the river. Schuylkill is 160 km from the Atlantic Ocean. The Delaware River, which is essentially a canal artificially deepened to 12.5 m, is navigable to Trenton, located 215 km from the ocean. Along both banks of the Delaware and Schuylkill, above and below Philadelphia, are the wharves of numerous industrial enterprises and satellite towns.

Enterprises have their own berths and are recipients of large quantities of bulk cargo. The industrial region of Pennsylvania gravitates towards Philadelphia, with which the port is connected by a dense railway and road network. The port handles about 1,000 ships every month.

Hampton Rhodes- this is the name of the group of ports adjacent to the Hampton roadstead, formed at the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay by the common extuary of three rivers: James, Nansemond and Elizabeth. The extensive and well-defended roadstead is considered one of the finest natural harbors in America. Half of the total number of 300 berths allow the mooring of seagoing vessels with a draft of 7 to 12 m. Hampton Road is the world's largest coal export port. The main part of the port complex is Norfolk on the southern shore of the bay. There are large shipyards in Norfolk and Newport News on the north shore of the bay.

Baltimore located on the river Patapsco is 25 km from the Chesapeake Bay and 240 km from the ocean. Vessels can enter the port either through the long 13-meter-deep Chesapeake Bay navigation channel or through the 24-kilometer, 11.7-meter-deep lockless channel connecting the Chesapeake Bay to Delaware Bay. About half of all ships use this free canal, which reduces the distance between Baltimore and Philadelphia by 285 miles, and Baltimore and New York by 150 miles. Farther from the ocean than other ports, Baltimore is closer to the interior of the country and also better positioned for trade with Latin America. The port of Baltimore is one of the most highly productive in the United States and an important hub for liner shipping.

Boston- one of the oldest ports in the United States, founded in the first half of the 17th century. Located in the southern part of the Gulf of Maine and consists of an outer and inner harbor. Faced with strong competition from New York, Boston gradually lost its leading position and now remains the leading port only for its immediate hinterland, which includes the light-industrial region of New England.

The annual cargo turnover on the Great Lakes - the “third sea coast of the United States” - is approximately 200 million tons.

The bulk of it is accounted for by domestic transportation in the USA and Canada between the ports of each of these countries. Foreign trade transportation amounts to about 50 million tons, of which more than half is bilateral US-Canadian trade. After the opening of the St. Lawrence Waterway, shipping increased dramatically: in the first year, the number of shipping lines reached 30.

More than 90% of the total volume of transportation is dry bulk cargo - iron ore, coal, grain, limestone, which are transported on large-capacity lake bulk carriers (“lakers”).

The depth of the connecting channels between the lakes allows the use of vessels with a deadweight of no more than 25 thousand tons. The “Lakers” have a lower maximum draft and a longer length than seagoing vessels of the same carrying capacity. Since latitudinal transportation of goods faced strong competition from land modes of transport, new methods of transportation in self-unloading bulk carriers, containers, trailers, etc. began to be used on a large scale for the first time on the lakes. Railroad ferries, especially characteristic of the lakes, also became widespread. Michigan, where they act as bridges connecting western and eastern railroads. Iron ore, grain, flour and timber are transported across the lakes from west to east, and coal, petroleum products and building materials are transported in the opposite direction.

Among dozens of lake ports, universal ports stand out especially Chicago And Detroit, as well as the world's largest ore and grain port complex Duluth-Superior.

Canada is a country with mechanized, high-value agriculture and the world's largest exporter of wheat. After the Second World War, the export of livestock products - meat, canned food, and butter - also increased. Fish production and export play an important role in the economy, for which Canada ranks among the first in the capitalist world. A small but valuable Canadian export is fur.

A third of the country's territory is covered with forests, mostly coniferous. The forestry, pulp and paper and wood processing industries are key sectors of the Canadian economy. Canada is the world's largest producer and exporter of paper: it and lumber account for a quarter of the total value of Canadian exports. In addition, Canada occupies a leading place in the capitalist world in the extraction and export of a number of non-ferrous metals. It acts on the world market as a major buyer of machine tools and industrial equipment. Coal, oil, rubber, and textile raw materials are also imported.

Canada's participation in international shipping is much more modest than its share of world trade, since most foreign trade passes through the land border with the United States.

The Canadian merchant fleet is most heavily used in domestic shipping, especially on the Great Lakes, where a large lake fleet is concentrated, surpassing both the number of vessels and tonnage of the Canadian maritime fleet. For ocean shipping, Canadian shipping companies prefer to charter foreign tonnage.

The total cargo turnover of Canadian ports is about 300 million tons. The most important Canadian ports, like in the United States, are concentrated on the Atlantic coast, the total length of which, together with the adjacent islands, is about 10 thousand km.

Montreal-the largest city and port in Canada. Located at a distance of 1600 km from the ocean at the end of the deep-water section of the river. St. Lawrence, beyond which the first rapids begin. It also serves as the starting point for the St. Lawrence Waterway. Montreal has 140 berths with a total length of 23 km and a depth of up to 10.7 m. It is the terminus of 60 cargo and passenger transatlantic lines.

Montreal is one of the world's largest grain export ports. On its berths, mainly in the form of wide piers, there are 5 large elevators and a large container terminal. Its foreign trade and coastal cargo turnover is approximately equal.

During the reconstruction of the waterway, navigation conditions in the lower reaches of the river were improved. St. Lawrence. The 370 km long shipping fairway from Quebec has been deepened to 10.6 m. The main disadvantage of the port is that it freezes from mid-December to early April. In winter, when Montreal is blocked by ice, the main cargo flows switch to ice-free ports off the Atlantic coast - Halifax St. John's. Below Montreal on the river. St. Lawrence is a universal port Quebec and specialized ports Trois River, Seven Islands, Port Cartier And Port Alfred.

Above Montreal, more precisely on the Great Lakes, there are universal ports Toronto And Hamilton, as well as a twin of the American port complex on the lake. Upper - Port Arthur -Fort William combined into one port Thunder Bay.

Halifax has a deep and convenient harbor, but its cargo turnover is negatively affected by its outlying location. However, due to its geographical position on the shortest route from America to Europe, Halifax continues to be preferred over other American ports for processing high-value cargo that pays a freight premium for speed of delivery. As the terminus of the transcontinental railway, Halifax also serves as a transit point for goods traveling from Europe to the Far East and Australia.

With its antifreeze St. John's owes to the strong tidal fluctuations in the water level in the Bay of Fundy, on the northern shore of which it is located.

Quebec- the former capital of Canada, located at the top of the estuary of the river. St. Lawrence 1355 km from the ocean. The port extends along the right bank of the river for 23 km. Quebec is an even more important hub for regular shipping than Montreal, and although it is inferior to the latter in terms of cargo turnover, it is more diverse in structure. Quebec is the main transport outlet for the Petford asbestos mines, which lead the world in the production of this mineral. Asbestos is a major export from Quebec.

Trois River serves the world's largest complex of paper industry enterprises. In addition to wood pulp and paper, the main item in cargo turnover is grain.

Seven Islands And Port Cartier- specialized ports for the export of iron ore, and Port Alfred- also a specialized ore port, but for the import of bauxite from Central America for the world's largest aluminum smelter.

Toronto is the second most populous and economically important city in Canada. Located on the northern shore of the lake. Ontario. On the opposite, southern shore of the lake, 42 km from Toronto, there is an entrance to the Wellland Canal, a key point in the Great Lakes system. The Welland Canal connecting the lake. Ontario and Lake Erie, overcomes the 100-meter difference in their levels with the help of 8 locks. A 40 km long canal was built to bypass the river. Niagara and its falls.

Literature

1. L.A. Diamond “Geography of Maritime Shipping”, M., Transport, 1983

2. V.V. Vinnikov “Economics and operation of maritime transport”, Odessa, 2003

3. G.I. Fine “Navigation, pilotage and nautical astronomy”, M., Transport, 1989

Boston- one of the oldest ports in the United States, founded in the first half of the 17th century. Located in the southern part of the Gulf of Maine and consists of an outer and inner harbor. Faced with strong competition from New York, Boston gradually lost its leading position and now remains the leading port only for its immediate hinterland, which includes the light-industrial region of New England.

The annual cargo turnover on the Great Lakes - the “third sea coast of the United States” - is approximately 200 million tons.

The bulk of it is accounted for by domestic transportation in the USA and Canada between the ports of each of these countries. Foreign trade transportation amounts to about 50 million tons, of which more than half is bilateral US-Canadian trade. After the opening of the St. Lawrence Waterway, shipping increased dramatically: in the first year, the number of shipping lines reached 30.

More than 90% of the total volume of transportation is dry bulk cargo - iron ore, coal, grain, limestone, which are transported on large-capacity lake bulk carriers (“lakers”).

The depth of the connecting channels between the lakes allows the use of vessels with a deadweight of no more than 25 thousand tons. The “Lakers” have a lower maximum draft and a longer length than seagoing vessels of the same carrying capacity. Since latitudinal transportation of goods faced strong competition from land modes of transport, new methods of transportation in self-unloading bulk carriers, containers, trailers, etc. began to be used on a large scale for the first time on the lakes. Railroad ferries, especially characteristic of the lakes, also became widespread. Michigan, where they act as bridges connecting western and eastern railroads. Iron ore, grain, flour and timber are transported across the lakes from west to east, and coal, petroleum products and building materials are transported in the opposite direction.

Among dozens of lake ports, universal ports stand out especially Chicago And Detroit, as well as the world's largest ore and grain port complex Duluth-Superior.

Canada is a country with mechanized, high-value agriculture and the world's largest exporter of wheat. After the Second World War, the export of livestock products - meat, canned food, and butter - also increased. Fish production and export play an important role in the economy, for which Canada ranks among the first in the capitalist world. A small but valuable Canadian export is fur.

A third of the country's territory is covered with forests, mostly coniferous. The forestry, pulp and paper and wood processing industries are key sectors of the Canadian economy. Canada is the world's largest producer and exporter of paper: it and lumber account for a quarter of the total value of Canadian exports. In addition, Canada occupies a leading place in the capitalist world in the extraction and export of a number of non-ferrous metals. It acts on the world market as a major buyer of machine tools and industrial equipment. Coal, oil, rubber, and textile raw materials are also imported.

Canada's participation in international shipping is much more modest than its share of world trade, since most foreign trade passes through the land border with the United States.

The Canadian merchant fleet is most heavily used in domestic shipping, especially on the Great Lakes, where a large lake fleet is concentrated, surpassing both the number of vessels and tonnage of the Canadian maritime fleet. For ocean shipping, Canadian shipping companies prefer to charter foreign tonnage.

The total cargo turnover of Canadian ports is about 300 million tons. The most important Canadian ports, like in the United States, are concentrated on the Atlantic coast, the total length of which, together with the adjacent islands, is about 10 thousand km.

Montreal-the largest city and port in Canada. Located at a distance of 1600 km from the ocean at the end of the deep-water section of the river. St. Lawrence, beyond which the first rapids begin. It also serves as the starting point for the St. Lawrence Waterway. Montreal has 140 berths with a total length of 23 km and a depth of up to 10.7 m. It is the terminus of 60 cargo and passenger transatlantic lines.

Montreal is one of the world's largest grain export ports. On its berths, mainly in the form of wide piers, there are 5 large elevators and a large container terminal. Its foreign trade and coastal cargo turnover is approximately equal.

During the reconstruction of the waterway, navigation conditions in the lower reaches of the river were improved. St. Lawrence. The 370 km long shipping fairway from Quebec has been deepened to 10.6 m. The main disadvantage of the port is that it freezes from mid-December to early April. In winter, when Montreal is blocked by ice, the main cargo flows switch to ice-free ports off the Atlantic coast - Halifax St. John's. Below Montreal on the river. St. Lawrence is a universal port Quebec and specialized ports Trois River, Seven Islands, Port Cartier And Port Alfred.

Above Montreal, more precisely on the Great Lakes, there are universal ports Toronto And Hamilton, as well as a twin of the American port complex on the lake. Upper - Port Arthur -Fort William combined into one port Thunder Bay.

Halifax has a deep and convenient harbor, but its cargo turnover is negatively affected by its outlying location. However, due to its geographical position on the shortest route from America to Europe, Halifax continues to be preferred over other American ports for processing high-value cargo that pays a freight premium for speed of delivery. As the terminus of the transcontinental railway, Halifax also serves as a transit point for goods traveling from Europe to the Far East and Australia.

With its antifreeze St. John's owes to the strong tidal fluctuations in the water level in the Bay of Fundy, on the northern shore of which it is located.

Quebec- the former capital of Canada, located at the top of the estuary of the river. St. Lawrence 1355 km from the ocean. The port extends along the right bank of the river for 23 km. Quebec is an even more important hub for regular shipping than Montreal, and although it is inferior to the latter in terms of cargo turnover, it is more diverse in structure. Quebec is the main transport outlet for the Petford asbestos mines, which lead the world in the production of this mineral. Asbestos is a major export from Quebec.

Trois River serves the world's largest complex of paper industry enterprises. In addition to wood pulp and paper, the main item in cargo turnover is grain.

Seven Islands And Port Cartier- specialized ports for the export of iron ore, and Port Alfred- also a specialized ore port, but for the import of bauxite from Central America for the world's largest aluminum smelter.

Toronto is the second most populous and economically important city in Canada. Located on the northern shore of the lake. Ontario. On the opposite, southern shore of the lake, 42 km from Toronto, there is an entrance to the Wellland Canal, a key point in the Great Lakes system. The Welland Canal connecting the lake. Ontario and Lake Erie, overcomes the 100-meter difference in their levels with the help of 8 locks. A 40 km long canal was built to bypass the river. Niagara and its falls.

Literature

1. L.A. Diamond “Geography of Maritime Shipping”, M., Transport, 1983

2. V.V. Vinnikov “Economics and operation of maritime transport”, Odessa, 2003

3. G.I. Fine “Navigation, pilotage and nautical astronomy”, M., Transport, 1989