The longest rivers in Russia. Rivers and lakes of Russia What rivers are known in our region
Russia is a very large country with an impressive supply of fresh water. Within its territory there are about 2.5 million large and small rivers, which cover 10 million km in length. Among them there are truly great rivers that are the pride of Russia: Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Amur, Volga.
general information
The large expanses of the Russian state are shrouded in a dense web of rivers and lakes, which played a large role in the development of new lands. The largest cities are located at the mouths of rivers in Russia, and this is not surprising, because rivers perform the most important functions:
- provide food and water;
- are a transport interchange;
- supply electricity;
- serve as a source of water for industry and agriculture.
As you know, the Russian Federation is located on two parts of the continent: European and Asian. The conventional border between them is the Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea.
- Rivers located in the European part flow into the Black, Caspian and Baltic seas, and the Arctic Ocean basin. The deepest and deepest rivers in the European part of Russia are the Oka, Volga, Northern Dvina, Kama, and Don. Meanwhile, there are rivers that originate in Russia and cross the border. For example, the Western Dvina and Dnieper flow into basins already in other countries.
- The rivers of the Asian part flow into the Pacific and Arctic oceans. These include such high-water and wide rivers as the Lena, Yenisei, Irtysh, Angara, Kolyma.
Rice. 1. Arctic Ocean basin.
There are five main drainage basins in Russia, into which a variety of rivers flow. These are the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Caspian, Black and Baltic seas.
About 70% of all Russian rivers belong to the Arctic Ocean basin. Rivers such as the Ob, Lena, and Yenisei flow into it.
The Anadyr and Amur rivers belong to the Pacific Ocean basin. They are distinguished by their rapid flow and relatively short length.
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And a very small number of rivers belong to the Atlantic Ocean basin. They are characterized by a calm, flat flow. The longest river flowing into the Atlantic basin is the Don.
Most rivers in Russia are characterized by a mixed type of nutrition. This means that their waters are renewed due to precipitation (rain, snow, melting ice) and groundwater. Sudden melting of snow cover and prolonged heavy rains can lead to natural disasters - floods, which occur especially often on the rivers of the Far East.
Rice. 2. Floods.
Main rivers of Russia
The list of large rivers of the Russian Federation is quite impressive. Let's look at the country's most important waterways.
- Volga
This is one of the largest rivers in Russia, the length of which is 3530 km. It originates in the north-west of the Valdian Upland and flows into the Caspian Sea. Along the entire route of the river, about 200 tributaries join it. There are 11 large Russian cities on the banks of the Volga, including Moscow. Unfortunately, this river is not only the longest, but also the dirtiest. She is in critical condition and is no longer able to cleanse herself.
The cleanest river in Russia is the Voncha. This is a small river: its length is only 33 km and its width is 3 m. It flows in the Mari El Republic, in the Mari Chodra conservation area, far from large cities and factories. Repeated analyzes of water samples from Vonchi have proven that this is the most transparent and crystal clear water in the country.
This is the longest river in Russia, located in Western Siberia. Its length is 3650 km, and together with the Irtysh it forms an impressive river system with a total length of 5410 km. A distinctive feature of this river is the high content of organic substances in the water and low oxygen content. This is one of the most polluted rivers in Siberia.
Rice. 3. Ob.
- Yenisei
The river flows through the territory of Siberia, dividing it into Eastern and Western parts. Its length is 3487 km, but together with large tributaries the length increases to 5238 km. It originates in the Khangai Mountains and flows into the Kara Sea. This is one of the most important shipping routes in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
- Amur
The second name of the river is “Black Dragon”. And this is not without reason: meandering and crossing plains and mountain ranges, the Amur is located on the territory of Russia, Mongolia and China. Over the entire history of the river, about thirty different peoples and many ethnic groups settled on its banks.
- Lena
It is one of the longest rivers not only in Russia, but throughout the world. It originates not far from Lake Baikal, flowing into the Laptev Sea. Near its mouth, the Lena forms a huge delta, which is the largest environmental zone in Russia. It is an important migratory and nesting area for birds and supports a rich fish population.
What have we learned?
When studying the topic “Rivers of Russia,” we learned the general characteristics of the river system of Russia and found out which basins the main rivers of the country belong to. We also got acquainted with a brief description of the most important rivers of the Russian Federation.
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07.11.2019
The largest river in Russia. 10 largest rivers in Russia: list with names:
There are a huge number of rivers on the territory of our country (2.5 million). Most of them are small, their length usually does not exceed 100 kilometers. Then the question arises: what are the largest rivers in Russia? We will try to answer it in this article.
To begin with, we will present you with a list of these rivers:
- Yenisei.
- Lena.
- Amur.
- Volga.
- Kolyma.
- Khatanga.
- Indigirka.
- Northern Dvina.
Now let's tell you more about them.
River Ob
The largest river in Russia, which is located in Western Siberia. It is formed by the merging rivers Biya and Katun. From the source of the Irtysh its length is 5410 kilometers. In the North it flows into the Ob Bay.
The river's water basin occupies a huge area - 2,990 thousand square meters. km. According to this indicator, it rightfully occupies a leading position on our list. In terms of water content, the Ob is in third place, second only to the Lena and Yenisei.
The Ob feeds mainly on melt waters. During the spring and summer floods, the largest river in Russia receives most of its annual flow.
note
In April, the flood begins in the upper reaches, in the second half of April it begins in the middle reaches, and in early May this process occurs in the lower reaches. The water level rises even during freeze-up.
When the river opens up, short-term minor rises in levels occur as a result of the resulting congestion.
The flood in the upper reaches ends in July. In September - October, a rain flood begins, which continues until freeze-up in the lower and middle reaches. Ice cover remains on the Ob for an average of 220 days a year.
The main tributary of the Ob is the Irtysh. The length of this river from its source, which is located on the border of China and Mongolia, to its confluence with the Ob is 4,248 km.
Fishing has long developed on this river. Even at the end of the 19th century, there were a lot of ruffe, perch, sculpin, pike, shokur, muksun, nelma and other species of fish in the river waters. Today there are fewer fish in the waters of the Ob, but nevertheless there are about 50 species.
Yenisei
Today we present to you the largest rivers in Russia. The list continues with the mighty Yenisei. This river is considered the natural border between the West and East of Siberia.
Its length is 4287 km. The Yenisei flows through the lands of two neighboring states - Mongolia and Russia. The total area of the river is 2,580 thousand square kilometers. This indicator allows this huge river to take second place in Russia.
On the left bank of this Siberian river there are plains, and on the right there is endless mountain taiga. In this regard, there is a sharp asymmetry of the banks of the Yenisei.
The right bank is more than 5 times higher in height than the left bank. On its way from source to mouth, the river crosses all climatic zones of Siberia.
That is why camels are found in the upper reaches of the Yenisei, and polar bears are found in the lower reaches, closer to the ocean.
Lena river
It cannot be said that this is the largest river in Russia, although its size is impressive. The length of the river is 4480, and its total area is 2490 thousand square meters. km. The Lena River is rightfully in third place among the large rivers of our country.
The river is mainly fed by water from the melting of glaciers and snow - approximately 50% of the total. Precipitation gives the river about 38% of its water and about 13% is underground recharge, more typical of the upper reaches.
In mid-October, the Lena freezes in its upper reaches. It opens in mid-April. Ice cover remains on the river for about 270 days a year.
Amur
The topic of our article was the largest rivers in Russia. The names of many are known not only to Russians, but also to our neighbors from other countries. For example, Cupid. This is one of the longest rivers in our country and the largest in the Far East. It flows on the border of Russia and China and carries its waters through the territory of Mongolia. The Amur flows into the Sea of Okhotsk.
The basin area of this river is 1,855 thousand square kilometers, and its length is 2,824 km.
Volga
Glorified by poets and composers, which inspired artists to create immortal paintings, this is, of course, the Volga River. And although this is not the largest river in Russia, it is a symbol of our country.
The source of the Volga is located on the Valdai Plateau of the Tver Region. The Volga is considered one of the largest rivers on our planet. The length of the river is 3530 km. Total area - 1361 thousand square meters. km. The river flows through the lands of Russia and Kazakhstan.
Kolyma River
This river is located in Yakutia. Its length is 2,129 km. Water pool - 645 thousand square meters. km. Kolyma was formed as a result of the confluence of two small rivers, Kulu and Ayan-Yuryakh. The Kolyma flows into the bay of the same name.
Don
This river is considered the oldest in Russia. The Don originates in the Tula region on the Central Russian Upland. Its length is 1870 km, its water basin is 422 thousand sq. km.
The current is very slow, for which the Cossacks call this leisurely and majestic river the “quiet Don”. This is explained by the flat profile in which the channel runs. The slope towards it is quite insignificant, on average this value does not exceed 0.1 degrees. In some areas the width of the valley reaches 13 km. The right bank is steep and high, and the left bank is low.
Khatanga River
This river is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Its length is 1636 km. Water pool with an area of 364 thousand square meters. km. It is formed by two rivers Kotui and Kheta.
This river flows through a wide valley in the North Siberian Lowland. There are more than 112 thousand lakes in the Khatanga basin. Their total area is 11.6 thousand sq. km.
Indigirka
In Yakutia, on the slopes of the Khalkan Range, there is the source of the Indigirka River. Its length is 1,726 km, its water basin covers an area of 360 thousand square meters. km. Its source consists of two medium-sized rivers - Omyokon and Kuidusun.
Indigirka is the coldest river in Russia. In winter, in the lower reaches it freezes through. In summer, it becomes covered with ice and turns into a sparkling icy stream flowing picturesquely among the mountains. Since the end of September, the river has been frozen in ice, which does not go away until June.
Northern Dvina
Our list of the 10 largest rivers in Russia has come to an end. It is completed by the Northern Dvina, which flows through two large regions - Arkhangelsk and Vologda.
Its length is 744 km, area is 360 thousand square meters. km. At its source the small rivers Sukhona and Yug connect. This northern river is famous for the fact that the history of Russian shipbuilding began on it.
Top 10 largest rivers in Russia
There are about 2.5 million rivers in Russia. Most of these rivers are relatively small and their length is usually no more than 100 kilometers. But as for large rivers, they are truly huge and reach shocking sizes.
1 Ob River -
the largest river in Russia
The Ob is a river in Siberia, formed by the confluence of the Katun and Biya rivers. If we count from the source of the Irtysh, then it has a length of 5410 kilometers, which makes it the largest river in Russia in terms of length.
In the North, the river flows into the Ob Bay - a bay in the Kara Sea. The area of the Ob basin is 2,990,000 square kilometers (which is why the river takes first place in our ranking).
The waters of this river are home to more than 50 species of fish, half of which are of industrial importance.
2 Yenisei River
The Yenisei is a river in Siberia that flows into the Kara Sea. The length of the river from the sources of the Small Yenisei is 4287 kilometers. The Yenisei flows through two countries (Russia and Mongolia), its area is 2,580,000 square kilometers, which allows it to take second place among the rivers of Russia.
3 Lena River
The Lena River originates in the mountains of Siberia and flows into the Laptev Sea. Lena, one of the largest Russian rivers, has a length of 4,480 kilometers. Its area is 2,490,000 square kilometers, which rightfully makes it the third largest river in Russia. It is believed that the Russians first learned about this river in the 17th century, when they sent a detachment of Cossacks to search for it.
4 Amur River
The Amur is a river flowing through the territory of three states (Russia, Mongolia and China). The area of the basin is 1,855,000 square kilometers, and the length of the river is 2,824 kilometers. There are many points of view about the origin of the name Amur, one of which is the common basis of the Tungus-Manchu languages “Amar” and “Damur” (big river).
5 Volga River
This river originates from the Valdai Plateau in the Tver region. The Volga is one of the largest rivers on Earth, its length is 3530 kilometers, and it is located on the territory of two states (Russia and Kazakhstan). The basin area is about 1,361,000 square kilometers, making it the largest river in Europe.
6 Kolyma River
This is a river in Yakutia, the length of which is 2,129 kilometers. The Kolyma is formed by the confluence of two rivers (Ayan-Yuryakh and Kulu) and flows into the Kolyma Bay. The basin area is approximately 645,000 square kilometers. The discovery of Kolyma by the Russians was also accomplished by the valiant Cossacks.
7 River Don
The Don is a river in Russia, originating in the Central Russian Upland (Tula region). Its area is 422,000 square kilometers and its length is about 1,870 km. The Don is one of the oldest rivers in Russia.
There are many amazing rivers flowing in Africa, India, the Andes, Colombia, China, and Tibet. There is the longest and the shortest, the shallowest and the deepest, and many more great ones! Russia is no exception. Still would! Among the 2.8 million rivers flowing through the country, there is more than one unique one. They write about long and deep ones everywhere. And we will tell you about the winding, full-flowing, forked, salty, changing its course, curious and humorous.
The most winding
The Piana, flowing through the Nizhny Novgorod region, is not just a beautiful river, it is the only one of its kind in Russia, and, according to some, in the world. The length of Piana is more than 400 km. All the way it twists and turns, and in the middle it seems to fold in half. Half of the way the river flows towards the west, then abruptly changes its mind, bends to the north and heads towards the east. The mouth (the place where a river flows into another river, lake or sea) is located 50-60 km from the source. The exact origin of the river's name has not been established. There are several versions. One of them is alcoholic and intoxicating. The Russian writer, a native of Nizhny Novgorod Melnikov-Pechersky, said: “... the river was nicknamed Drunken because it sways in all directions, like a drunken woman. And after traveling five hundred miles with twists and turns, it runs to the source and almost flows into the Sura next to it.”
Forked
The phenomenon when a river bifurcates at a certain section of its path and is no longer connected is called bifurcation. Beginning at the source as one river, the Kur in the Far East branches into two branches in the middle reaches. One branch flows into the Tunguska River, the second into Selgon. The distance between the mouths is 200 km.
Famous
The most full-flowing. More than 5,000 rivers flow into the Yenisei, first on the list of the largest rivers in Russia. He is also the leader in slope - 37 cm per 1 km.
An unusual start. The Lena is the only river in Russia whose bed is located in the permafrost region.
With exotic fauna. During the migration period, pale pink flamingos nest on the Volga, and lotuses also grow on the river. The Volga is a popular Russian river, reflected in cinema, poetry, prose and painting.
The cleanest. The Irtysh to this day firmly holds its position as one of the few cleanest rivers in the world.
Uniting parts of the world. One bank of the Ural River belongs territorially to Europe, the other to Asia. In 10 minutes by ferry you can travel from one part of the world to another.
Interesting
Changing the tide. The famous Shuya in Karelia changes its current up to 20 times a year. But nevertheless, this is one of the most interesting rivers for rafting and catamarans.
Salty. Each liter of water in the small Solyanka River, which flows into the Lena near Olekminsk, contains 21 grams of dissolved salt.
Fresh and salty. The small Berdyanka, flowing in the Orenburg region, is from the beginning to half freshwater. And approaching the mouth, it becomes salty. The fact is that in the lower reaches it erodes the salt layer.
Flow drawing. From a bird's eye view you can see that the right tributary of the Volga - the Sviyaga River - flows parallel to the Volga for 400 km, but only in the opposite direction.
Pride of the North
Picturesque. The Indigirka, flowing through the harsh taiga and forest-tundra of Yakutia, is on the list of the most beautiful rivers in the world. In its middle section, the river flows through a large 100-kilometer mountain gorge.
Wayward. The slow flow of the Chirka-Kem, carrying its waters across the territory of northern Karelia, quickly gives way to fast seething whirlpools. Famous for its rapids and rifts, it attracts Russian and foreign extreme sports enthusiasts to rafting. Like Indigirka, it is on the list of unique picturesque rivers.
Curious
With the same name. On the territory of the Voronezh region there flow two separate rivers with the same name - Devitsa. This is not the whole story. Both rivers have tributaries with the same names - Rossoshka. But this is not the end. Both of them flow into the Don!
With humor. The Los River flows through Moscow. What is the name of its main tributary? Moose calf!
The role of rivers cannot be overestimated. They are transport routes, water resources for the life of people, animals and plants, “roads” for travelers and a magnificent decoration of the planet! If you are a fan of river recreation, an extreme rafting enthusiast or just an avid fisherman, welcome to Russia!
There are many rivers and reservoirs in Russia. Our country is one of the richest in the world in terms of water supply. Water spaces occupy 12.4% of Russia's territory. Of these, the vast majority - 84% of surface water - is located east of the Urals. But in many densely populated areas of the European part of Russia there is a shortage of water resources.
The rivers of Russia belong to five main basins:
Black Sea basin
The basin of the Black and Azov Seas includes the Dnieper (in Russia only the upper reaches), Don, Kuban.
Caspian basin
The Volga is the largest river in this basin. At the same time, the Volga is also the largest river in Europe.
Arctic Basin
More than half of Russia's territory is irrigated by rivers flowing north into the marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean: Barents, White, Kara, Laptev, East Siberian and Chukotka. That is, the Arctic basin is the most extensive of the Russian river basins. It is also called the Arctic Ocean basin.
It is located mostly in Siberia, but also includes the northern part of European Russia.
This basin includes the greatest rivers of Russia - (length 3650 km) and Irtysh (5410 km), (4090 km) and (4400 km). These rivers flow mainly from south to north, and despite the seasonality of navigation, they provide transport links between the interior of the country and the coast of the Arctic Ocean.
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In the European part of Russia, the Arctic basin includes the Northern Dvina (with the Vychegda and Sukhona) and Pechora. The most famous, but not the most powerful rivers of this basin in the Asian part are the Taz, Indigirka and Kolyma.
A feature of rivers in Siberia is their low gradient. For example, the Ob will decrease its current by only 200 m over a length of more than 2010 km. Due to their large length, these rivers are located in areas with different climatic regimes. Therefore, rivers often open up in the upper reaches earlier than in the lower ones, which leads to the appearance of ice jams. This causes floods, when water floods vast areas where temporary or permanent swamps form. One of the largest, the Vasyugan swamp at the confluence of the Ob River, covers an area of 49 thousand km².
Baltic Basin
A relatively small area in the north-west of European Russia drains into the Baltic Sea. The most significant river in this basin is the Neva.
Pacific Basin
The Pacific basin includes the rivers of the eastern part of the country, flowing from the eastern slopes of the Yablonovy and Stanovoy ridges, the Dzhugdzhur and Kolyma ridges and belonging to the basins of the marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean: the Bering, Okhotsk and Japanese.
The main river of this basin is (2820 km long). The Amur basin covers most of the south and for a significant part of its length forms the state border between China and Russia.
Another famous river in Primorye, which in turn flows into the Amur, also forms part of the border with in Primorye. To the north of the mouth of the Amur, the watershed comes close to the seashore, which is why the rivers here have a short length, but are distinguished by a significant slope and rapid current.
Watersheds
We can talk about watersheds for a very long time. A watershed is a hill that separates different basins, directing the flow of water in two opposite directions.
The watershed between the Arctic and Pacific basins runs along the Chukotka Range, the Anadyr Plateau, and the Kolyma, Dzhugdzhur, Stanovoy and Yablonovy mountain ranges.
The watershed between the Black Sea and Caspian basins runs along the Valdai, Central Russian, Volga and Stavropol uplands, along the Main Caucasus Range.
On the territory of Russia, rivers are distributed unevenly. In the desert spaces of the Caspian region, in some places there are no rivers at all, but in the Caucasus mountains, mountain systems of Altai and Eastern Siberia there are a lot of them.
The largest rivers in Russia
Eight of the world's fifty largest river basins are located partially or completely on Russian territory. These rivers of Russia are: Don, Volga, Dnieper, Ural.
The largest area of the basin is 2990 thousand km2. The length of the Ob River is 3650 km. When it flows into the Ob Bay of the Kara Sea, the Ob River forms a delta of a huge area.
Mostly located on Russian territory. This is one of the largest rivers in the Far Eastern region (length 2824 km, basin area 1855 km2). The source is in Western (China). The Chinese are intensively developing the right bank of the river, due to which the environmental situation on the Amur has sharply worsened in the last decade. The Chinese are even changing the river's fairway as a result of uncontrolled excavation work, accidentally polluting it with harmful substances.
River Volga. It has the largest drainage basin in Europe - 1360 thousand km2, that is, 62.2% of the European part of Russia, 8% of the area of Russia, almost 13% of the territory of Europe. The source is located on the Valdai Hills in the Tver region. The length of the Volga is 3530 km. Flows into the Caspian Sea.
Four of the largest cities in Russia by population are located on the banks of the Volga:
- Nizhny Novgorod,
- Samara,
- Volgograd.
The main tributary of the Volga is the river Kama. The banks of the Kama are densely populated. The Volga river system carries out 2/3 of Russia's inland water transport.
2,600 rivers flow directly into the Volga, and in total there are more than 150 thousand watercourses more than 10 km long in its basin. Its largest tributaries are the Oka and Kama rivers.
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