Download presentation France 20th century. France in the second half of the 20th century. Let us remember what happened to France during World War II. Before the war, there was a Third Republic (1870-1940). Checking homework

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The presentation on the topic “Africa in the second half of the 20th – early 21st century” (grade 11) can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Subject of the project: History. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 10 slide(s).

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Lesson Plan

The collapse of colonialism and apartheid Conflicts on the African continent Problems in the development of African countries

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Collapse of colonialism and apartheid

1960 UN Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. Year of Africa. 17 countries gained independence.

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Page 258. Explain the meaning of the words: apartheid, bantustans. How do you feel about apartheid?

Look at the posters. How were apartheid treated in other countries?

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Page 259-260 compile a chronology of the national liberation war of the peoples of Southern Africa. What are its results?

Nelson Mandela became the first black president of South Africa in history in 1994.

1990 South African President F. de Klerk allowed the activities of opposition parties.

1993 The apartheid system was abolished.

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Conflicts on the African continent

1963 The Organization of African Unity (OAU) was created. Separatism is the desire of a small people to secede from the state and gain independence. 1961 civil war in Zaire.

Page 261 – 263. In which countries and when did military clashes occur? State their reasons and results.

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LOTS of minerals

Problems in the development of African countries

Industry and agriculture are undeveloped

??? (pp.263-265)

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Consolidation

Questions and tasks 1. Why did colonial empires begin to disintegrate after the Second World War? 2. Describe the process of liberation of dependent countries in Africa. Describe its features in a number of African states. 3. What are the main problems that stand in the way of the development of the liberated countries of southern Africa? 4. Describe the similarities and differences between the modernization paths of Africa and Asia. 5. What does the term apartheid mean? In the history of which non-African countries did you encounter the concept of racial discrimination? When and for what purpose was the OAU created? 6. Based on the text of the textbook and the document, determine the role of the UN in liberating African countries from colonial dependence. 7. On what legal basis does the Declaration of the UN General Assembly formulate demands on the world community regarding colonial and dependent countries?

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Homework

P. 27, page 266 document, report: Fidel Castro, Augusto Pinochet, Che Guevara

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France in the 2nd half of the twentieth century D/w: paragraph 26, read, prepare for the test 1. France after the war

• Came out of the war victorious, but
• Turned out to be a debtor to the United States;
• Collapse of the colonial empire;
• The economy was undermined, finances were upset, the people were ruined;
• The first government was headed by a national hero - General Charles de Gaulle (1890 - 1970), who played a prominent role in the struggle for the liberation of the country.
• Three periods:
• Temporary regime (1944–1946);
• Fourth Republic (1946 – 1958);
• Fifth Republic (since 1958)

• Charles de Gaulle

Plan:

• France after the war;
• Political structure;
• The Provisional Regime and the Fourth Republic;
• Fifth Republic;
• Foreign policy.

3. The Provisional Regime and the Fourth Republic.

• Charles de Gaulle - leader of the Free France movement
• Temporary regime (1944 – 1946):
• 1946 - The Constitution established a parliamentary republic with a proportional electoral system and a multi-party system.
• Fourth Republic (1946 – 1958) – unstable – 26 coalition governments.
• Society was split into colonialists and Europeanists;
• Colonial wars: in Vietnam (1946 - 1954), Algeria (1954 - 1962).
• This led to a depleted economy and increased division in society.
• In 1958, the National Assembly approved de Gaulle's new government.

• Charles de Gaulle

• Charles de Gaulle personally participated in the development of the new constitution
• In 1958, a new Constitution was adopted (4/5 of the French voted for it in a referendum), and the Fifth Republic began.
• The form of government is a democratic semi-presidential republic.
• The head of state is the president, elected for 7 years, after the 2000 referendum for 5 years.
• The legislative branch is a bicameral parliament - the French Congress (Senate and National Assembly).
• The executive branch is the cabinet of ministers of the ruling party, headed by the prime minister.
• Multi-party system:

• Charles de Gaulle

4. The Fifth Republic and the modern political structure of France.

• C. De Gaulle (1958 - 1969) – “Gaullism”
• 1962 recognized Algerian independence;
• Social reformer – the idea of ​​“association of labor and capital”;
• Economic modernization and deep restructuring of the economy;
• May 1968 – mass strikes of students and workers which were suppressed by the police.
• 1969 - the president resigned.
• His policy was continued by President J. Pompidou (1969 - 1974); after his death, the era of Gaullism ended.

• W. Churchill

• Charles de Gaulle

4. The Fifth Republic and the modern political structure of France.

• V. Giscard d’Estaing (1974 – 1981) – liberal movement
• “Dirigisme” – active state regulation of the economy;
• Activation of market mechanisms;
• Raising the minimum wage;
• The voting qualification has been reduced from 20 to 18 years.
• F. Mitterrand (1981 – 1995) – leader of the Socialist Party (1972 – 1984 – Joint program with the Communist Party)
• Nationalization 10 largest industrial and financial corporations;
• Social reforms: vacation - 5 weeks, 39 hours. working week, tax on large fortunes;
• The main thing is the fight against unemployment.

• W. Churchill

• Valéry Giscard d'Estaing

• Francois Mitterrand

4. The Fifth Republic and the modern political structure of France.

• J. Chirac (1995 - 2007) – leader of the RPR (Rally for the Republic), mayor of Paris.
• 1997 – elections to the National Assembly, left parties won.
• Under the right-wing president, there was a left-wing government headed by L. Jospin.
• Privatization of enterprises;
• Active social policy;
• Expansion of private initiative.
• Results:
• France in the 1990s – leader in Europe in attracting foreign investments;
• High unemployment rate, up to 25% (because there are many newcomers).

• Jacques Chirac

4. The Fifth Republic and the modern political structure of France.

• Constitutional reform–expanding the powers of parliament, limiting the excessive power of the president and ensuring the rights of citizens to control power;
• Social Security Reform(the mandatory 35-hour work week has been abolished);
• Employment Security Reform(offer of “reasonable” work, reduction of benefits in case of second refusal of such work);
• Reducing government spending(reduction of civil servants);

• Nicolas Sarkozy

4. The Fifth Republic and the modern political structure of France.

• N. Sarkozy (2007 – 2012) – leader of the SND (Union for a Popular Movement), heir to de Gaulle’s party.
• Pension reform(transport workers, energy workers, fishermen, and Bank of France employees lost early retirement benefits);
• Abolished inheritance tax for 95% of French people(reserved only for owners of large fortunes).
• Results:
• Unemployment,;
• Budget deficit;
• Growing dissatisfaction with his policies.
• In May 2012 he won socialist leader Francois Hollande.
• Became the most unpopular president of France based on the results of the first 100 days of his reign (legalization of same-sex marriage, deployment of troops to Mali.

• Nicolas Sarkozy

• Francois Hollande

5. Foreign policy of France.

• After World War II:
• During the period of Gaullism
• France created own triad of nuclear forces, fr. troops withdrawn from NATO military command;
• 1963 – Treaty of the Elysees(partnership with Western Germany);
• Enhancing European integration within the EU(Treaty of Rome 1957). De Gaulle prevented England from joining the EU;
• France was moving towards rapprochement with the USSR, and not with the USA.
• After de Gaulle
• France came closer to the USA and NATO (became part of NATO in 2009);
• Paris became the main initiator of EU enlargement.

• David Cameron

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Tell us about the main features of the economic development of Great Britain in the end. 19th century The struggle of conservatives and liberals for power, reforms. How and why did the Labor Party arise in England? Tell us how the British Empire was created. The problem of Ireland in the end. 19th century

France in chapter 19 – n. 20 at 11/15/2010

Economic development Political system, reforms Parties, labor movement Foreign policy

Economic development The pace of economic development is slowing down. France comes in 4th place after England, France and the USA. Export of industrial goods and export of light industry and luxury goods. France remained an agrarian-industrial country. 70% of the population are peasants. Large corporations and monopolies are created - about 200 families became the masters of the country. Export of capital to other countries - France in 1st place

Political system, reforms 1875 - a constitution was adopted. The Third Republic emerged Legislative branch National Assembly - Parliament Senate Chamber of Deputies Elected by men from 40 years of age for 9 years Elected by men from 21 years of age for 4 years Executive branch: President and ministers

French Republic, 1880

Political system, reforms REFORMS: 1879 - praise of the revolution 1789 Freedom of the press and assembly Political propaganda allowed 1884 - permission of trade unions and strikes 1902 - 1906 - separation of church and state and school, pension from 65 years of age, labor legislation

Alfred Dreyfus

Parties, labor movement A feature of France is its multi-party system. RADICAL - Republicans (Georges Clemenceau). The goal is “neither reaction, nor revolution”) 1880 - the workers' party of France was created (Jules Guesde and Paul Lafargue) 1905 - the creation of a united workers' party (Jean Jaurès) In the 90s. – strikes and demonstrations of workers and terrorist actions of anarchists

Georges Clemenceau

Jules Guesde Jean Jaurès

Foreign policy GOAL: capture of new colonies 1881 - capture of Algeria and Tunisia End of the 20th century. – Morocco In West Africa – Senegal, Dahomey, Sudan, Mauritania A huge colonial empire was created. The result is that contradictions arise with England and Germany

Homework Paragraph 21

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1. Temporary regime (1944 - 1946) Charles de Gaulle
(1890 – 1970)
headed the coalition
government
(communist party,
socialist party,
People's Republican
movement, radicals,
Republicans, etc.)

1. Temporary regime (1944 – 1946)

The main issue in political
struggle – parliamentary or
presidential republic.
In 1946, the Constitution was adopted,
which approved the parliamentary
republic.
De Gaulle is a supporter
authoritarianism,
nationalist ideas,
"the greatness of France."

The regime turned out to be unstable.
Since 1944, 26 offices have been replaced.
French society
colonialists
(supporters
colonial
politicians)
Europeanists
(supporters
active
European
politicians)
Jules Gustave Rene
Kochi
(1954-1959)
Jules Vincent
Oriol (1947-1954
gg.)

2. Fourth Republic (1946 – 1958)

Vietnam War (1946 – 1954)
Depleted the economy, the result
negative.
In 1954 near Dien Bien Phu
the French army suffered
defeat, was surrounded and
capitulated.
French
officers in
Vietnam
French surrender

2. Fourth Republic (1946 – 1958)

War in Algeria
(1954 – 1962), aggravated
political crisis. Among
generals in Algeria and in
France has matured two branches
anti-republican
conspiracy. Supporters
"strong power" demanded
return of de Gaulle.
In September 1958
National Assembly
approved new
de Gaulle's government.
Fourth Republic period
ended.
Algerian fighters
next to the dead
French
soldiers, 1959

3. Fifth Republic.

In 1958, a referendum adopted a new
Constitution. De Gaulle elected president (1958 –
1969).
Gaullism is a renewed nationalist
reformism with authoritarian tendencies.
1. Ending the war in Algeria.
2. The idea of ​​“association of labor and capital”
(social reforms)
3. Economic modernization, structural
economic restructuring.
“Big Projects” – “Concorde”, “Airbus”,
Ariane rocket, high-speed trains, modern
space, nuclear and electronic computing technology.
"France has a world
responsibility. This is mine
philosophy…"

3. Fifth Republic.

In foreign policy - independence,
equal participation in the top three Western leaders
(USA, France, UK).
July 1, 1966
Charles de Gaulle
reassigned everything
armed forces
France
directly
national
command,
bringing them out
submission
North Atlantic
mu alliance.
Ariane 44LP rocket model on
exhibition

Read paragraph 4 §
26
- What are
causes
May
crisis and
Charles's resignation
de Gaulle?
May events in France 1968

4. May 1968 crisis and de Gaulle’s resignation

With the death of the successor
de Gaulle in office
President Georges
Pompidou era of Gaullism
ended.
Georges Pompidou (1969 – 1974)

W. Churchill
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
Francois Mitterrand
V. Giscard d’Estaing (1974 – 1981) – liberal movement
1. “Dirigisme” – active state regulation of the economy;
2. Activation of market mechanisms;
3. Increasing the minimum wage;
4. The voting qualification has been reduced from 20 to 18 years.
F. Mitterrand (1981 – 1995) – leader of the Socialist Party
(1972 – 1984 – Joint program with the Communist Party)
1. Nationalization of the 10 largest industrial and
financial corporations;
2. Social reforms: vacation - 5 weeks, 39 hours. working
week, tax on large fortunes;
3. The main thing is the fight against unemployment.
4. Was against neoconservative policies
(privatization)

The Fifth Republic and the modern political structure of France.

Jacques Chirac
J. Chirac (1995 - 2007) – leader of the OPR (Union in
support of the Republic), Mayor of Paris.
1997 – elections to the National Assembly, won
left parties.
Under the right-wing president, the left acted
government headed by L. Jospin.
1. Privatization of enterprises;
2. Active social policy;
3. Expansion of private initiative.
Results:
1. France in the 1990s - leader in Europe in
attracted foreign investments;
2. High unemployment rate, up to 25% (since there are many
visitors, social guarantees – among young people).

Foreign policy of France.

David Cameron
After World War II:
During the period of Gaullism
1. France created its own nuclear triad
strength, fr. troops withdrawn from military
NATO command;
2. 1963 – Elysee Treaty (partnership with the West.
Germany);
3. Activation of European integration within
EU (Treaty of Rome 1957). De Gaulle
prevented England from joining the EU;
4. France moved towards rapprochement with the USSR, and not with the USA.
After de Gaulle
1. France has come to rapprochement with the USA and NATO
(2009 became part of NATO);
2. Paris became the main driver of expansion
EU.

The Fifth Republic and the modern political structure of France.

N. Sarkozy (2007 - 2012) - leader of the SND (Union for the People's
movement), heir to de Gaulle's party.
1. Constitutional reform – expansion of powers
parliament, limiting the excessive power of the president
and ensuring the rights of citizens to control power;
2. Social Security Reform (repealed
3.
4.
5.
Nicolas Sarkozy
6.
mandatory 35-hour work week);
Employment Security Reform (the "reasonable" proposal)
work, reduction of benefits upon second refusal of such
work);
Reduction of government spending (reduction of civil servants);
Pension reform (lost early retirement benefits
transport workers, energy workers, fishermen, bank employees to retire
France);
Abolished inheritance tax for 95% of French people (left
only for owners of large fortunes).

François Hollande (2012 – 2017) Became the most
unpopular president of France
the results of the first 100 days of government.
In January 2013, the French army
Hollande ordered an intervention in Mali.
In December 2013, the French army
Hollande ordered an intervention in
Central African Republic. Operation
ended with the victory of France, the restoration
central government of Mali control
region. Supporter of sanctions against Russia in connection with
Ukrainian events of 2014 and the military
Russia's operation in Syria.

5. France after the era of Gaullism.

Emmanuel Macron (since 14 May 2017)
In foreign policy it is
European federalist. Not
supports state recognition
Palestine. A strong supporter of the fight against
terrorism. Market man. Supporter
open door policy for
immigrants. Supports magnification
financing of intelligence services, army and
police. Advocates for restrictions
foreign investment, supports
trade agreement between the EU and Canada