home

Download presentation relief and minerals of Africa. Africa minerals. Africa is one of the richest continents in the world in terms of reserves and production of various mineral ores, black and especially non-ferrous ores - presentation. Repetition of the completed mate

Africa is one of the richest continents in the world in terms of reserves and production of various mineral ores, ferrous and especially non-ferrous, precious and rare metals, deposits of diamonds, phosphorites and graphite, oil and gas. The mainland accounts for: 97% of the world's platinum group reserves (South Africa), 95% of chromites (South Africa, Zimbabwe), 92% -92% of diamonds (South Africa, Zaire, Guinea, Angola, Central African Republic, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Lesotho), 81 % manganese ore (South Africa, Gabon), 68% phosphorites (Morocco), 62% gold (South Africa, Zimbabwe, Ghana), - 40% bauxite (Guinea) - and many other mineral resources.

Stages of formation of large deposits 1 1. Mineralization processes on the mainland occurred mainly during the Precambrian orogeny with the formation of large deposits mainly in South Africa: gold, uranium and copper (South Africa), chromites, platinum and magnetites (South Africa, Zimbabwe), graphite ( Madagascar); tin and tungsten (Nigeria); manganese and gold (Ghana); iron and copper ores (Mauritania and Algerian Sahara); z-gold, uranium, cobalt, nickel and tungsten (Ahaggar mountains in Algeria) and – and other minerals.

2. Large mineral deposits were formed during the Cambrian period, when mineralization processes led to the accumulation of: polymetallic ores, ores of ferrous, non-ferrous and rare metals. copper ores (a region of the Copper Belt with a unique concentration of high-quality ores, stretching almost 500 km from Zaire (Shaba region) to Zambia), deposits of cobalt, lead, tin, tungsten and uranium are also concentrated here. - platinum ores, gold, chromites, - - titanomagnetites (South Africa).

4. The end of the Paleozoic and the beginning of the Mesozoic saw the emergence of very large deposits: oil and natural gas, sedimentary iron and manganese ores (sandstone strata of the Sahara), coal (South Africa and Zimbabwe). The Algerian-Libyan oil and gas region stretches over 400 km in length with an average width of km. diamonds (primary Mesozoic kimberlite pipes in South Africa and alluvial ones in Zaire). phosphorites (at the end of the Mesozoic in the sea basin along the northern coast of Africa, the South Atlas-Saharan phosphorite belt), - oil (in the Cretaceous and Paleogene in the marginal basins of the continent and shelf zones of Libya, Gabon, Nigeria, Angola and other countries).

The continent is divided into two sub-continents: Low and High Africa, the difference of which is as follows. Low Africa is characterized by: latitudinal zoning, the dominance of zonal types of landscapes over vast territories (often within entire physical-geographical countries and regions), slight changes in nature within the zones; the boundaries of natural regions are at the same time zonal, determined by climate change and represent more or less wide transitional stripes (for example, the border between the Sahara with its desert landscapes and Sudan with the dominance of savannas); however

The morphostructure influences the formation of the natural features of such regions as the Atlas Mountains, which are the most clearly separated part of Low Africa in terms of relief. High Africa is distinguished by: higher altitude, more varied relief, complexity of latitudinal geographic zoning (natural regions coincide with clearly defined structural and morphological regions, their boundaries are orographic boundaries. Landscapes change from north to south and from east to west,

Sahara - accumulations of sands (ergi), - rocky deserts (hamads), - sand and pebble deserts (reggae, serira), - bottoms of depressions (sebkhas), Sudano-Guinea country - Sahel - a thick layer of cork near trees (karite), Depression The Congo and its marginal uplifts are moist equatorial forests (hylaea).

HIGH AFRICA -Ethiopian-Somali country, -East African plateau, -South Africa. Ethiopian-Somali country - basalt plateaus (dams), - Assal depression (-150 m) the lowest place on the African continent, - Afar depression - one of the hottest places on the globe, - hot and humid Kolla belt, - moderately warm belt climate war - degas, - cold belt degas,

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Relief and mineral resources of Africa Geography lesson, grade 7 Author: Olga Viktorovna Golovan, geography teacher Municipal educational institution "Lyceum No. 8 of the city of Budennovsk, Budennovsk district"

Goals and objectives: To form in students an idea of the tectonic structure, relief and mineral resources of Africa - their composition, structure, location. Continue to develop the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships, work with geographic maps and compare them.

Repetition of covered material. What is Africa's area by area? (Second in the world) In how many hemispheres is Africa located? (In four) What is Almadi? (Cape) Which cape is the southernmost point of Africa? (Needles) Which continent is closest to Africa? (Eurasia) Which strait separates Africa from Europe? (Gibraltar) Northern Cape of Africa. m. Almadi m. Agulhas Strait of Gibraltar (Ben Sekka) m. Ben Sekka

Repetition of covered material. Indicate the name of the traveler This Portuguese navigator discovered the sea route to India, rounded South Africa, walked along the eastern coast of the mainland, crossed the Indian Ocean and reached the shores of Hindustan. Vasco da Gama

Repetition of covered material. Name the famous explorer. He crossed South Africa from west to east, explored the Zambezi River, and discovered a large beautiful waterfall on it, which he named Victoria. Who led the expedition, which from 1926 to 1927. collected 6,000 specimens of cultivated plants in Africa? David Livingston Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov

Analysis of the map: “Structure of the earth’s crust.” How many lithospheric plates is Africa located on? Are there areas of collision with other plates? If so, where, and what processes occur during a collision? What is the name of the plate and platform on which the continent is located? What age are the mountains located on the mainland? In what direction and at what speed is the plate moving? (African plate, African platform) (On the same lithospheric plate) (African and Eurasian plates collide.) (Ancient mountains: Cape and Drakensberg; young mountains: Atlas) (Plate moves to the northeast)

Comparison of tectonic and physical maps. What is relief? How do you see the dependence of landforms on the structure of the continent’s crust? Remember the landforms you have studied. (The set of irregularities in the earth’s surface, varying in size, origin and age, is called relief) (Plains are located on platforms, and mountains are located in folded areas.)

East African Rifts What landforms predominate in Africa? What are the reasons for the diversity of relief? East Africa is home to the largest rift in the earth's crust. It stretches along the Red Sea through the Ethiopian Highlands to the mouth of the Zambezi River. Think about what his education is related to?

Relief Where are the young mountains located? What are their names? Could young mountains have formed in the center of the Sahara? Where are the lowlands? How do you see the dependence of landforms on the structure of the continent’s crust?

RELIEF Plains occupy most of Africa. Based on the prevailing altitudes, the continent can be divided into Low Africa and High Africa. Determine the prevailing heights of Low and High Africa on the map.

Working with a physical map of Africa. p / p Name of relief form Name of the highest point Absolute height of the point, m 1 Toubkal 4165 2 Akhagar Highlands Takhat 3 Ethiopian Highlands 4 5895 5 Darfur Plateau 6 Tibesti Highlands 3415 On the physical map of Africa, enter the missing data in the table.

Atlas Mountains In the north-west of the continent are the Atlas Mountains, the young northern ridges of which are located at the junction of two lithospheric plates.

toubkal The highest peak of the Atlas is Mount Toubkal (4165 m), a favorite vacation spot for fans of ski tourism.

Kilimanjaro Volcano Kilimanjaro is one of the largest extinct volcanoes in the world, the highest mountain in Africa.

Ethiopian Highlands The Ethiopian Highlands is a huge mountain range with chains of high mountains and many individual extinct volcanoes.

Drakensberg Mountains The Drakensberg Mountains are like a ledge, one slope of which is gentle and the other steep, and the steep slope is half as long as the gentle slope.

MINERALS. Which part of Africa is rich in ore minerals of igneous origin, and which is rich in minerals of sedimentary origin? What are the reasons for the differences in the distribution of mineral deposits of different origins?

conclusion Minerals of sedimentary origin correspond to the plains, and these are the northern, western and central parts of the continent. Minerals of igneous origin correspond to the mountainous terrain, and this is the eastern and southeastern parts of the continent. Consequently, there is a certain connection between the structure of the earth’s crust, relief and minerals, namely: plains and deposits of sedimentary minerals correspond to the platforms. Minerals of igneous origin are found on plains where the crystalline foundation of the platform comes close to the earth's surface, as well as along fault lines in the earth's crust. The folded areas correspond to mountains and minerals of igneous origin. Sedimentary minerals are found in mountains formed on the site of an ancient sea.

Test 1. Located at the junction of two lithospheric plates 1) Drakensberg Mountains; 2) Cape Mountains; 3) Atlas Mountains; 2. The highest point in Africa 1) Kilimanjaro volcano; 2)volcano Kenya; 3) Cameroon volcano. 3. Huge reserves of 1) copper ores have been discovered in North Africa and on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea; 2) diamonds; 3) oil. 4. Highlands in eastern Africa 1) Ahaggar; 2) Ethiopian; 3) Tibesti. 5. Mountains in southeast Africa 1) Drakensberg Mountains; 2) Cape Mountains; 3) Atlas Mountains; 1.3; 2.1; 3.3; 4.2; 5.1.

Homework §25. Mark major landforms and mineral deposits on a contour map.

List of sources used Library of electronic visual aids “Geography for grades 6-10” Nikitin N.A. Lesson developments in geography. 7th grade. – M.: “VAKO”, 2005 http://ru.wikipedia.org http://www.tonnel.ru/?l=gzl&uid http://geography7.wdfiles.com/local--files/surface-of -africa/Tizi%27n%27Toubkal.jpg http://geography7.wikidot.com/surface-of-africa http://sergeydolya.livejournal.com/354124.html http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Toubkal_7.90965W_31.05231N.jpg?uselang=ru http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ethiopian_highlands_01_mod.jpg/640px-Ethiopian_highlands_01_mod.jpg?uselang=ru

The work can be used for lessons and reports on the subject "Geography"

Ready-made presentations on geography contribute to schoolchildren’s perception and understanding of the materials being studied, broadening their horizons, and studying maps in an interactive form. Presentations on geography will be useful for both schoolchildren and students, as well as teachers and lecturers. In this section of the site you can download ready-made presentations on geography for grades 6,7,8,9,10, as well as presentations on economic geography for students.

It is washed by two oceans,

There are many rivers and different countries on it.

The Sahara Desert lies there

A caravan goes through the sand dunes.

There are the Atlas Mountains, and Algeria is nearby.

The Nile begins from the blue lakes.

There's the Kalahari with a colored river

He gives the animals to drink his water.

10.Kilimantan.

12.Equator.

13.Needle.

14.Somalia.

15.Gibraltar.

16.Vavilov.

17.Mariato.

18.Ras Hafun.

19.22.6 million km2.

1. Kilimanjaro.

2.Ben-Sekka.

3. Guinean.

4.Suez.

5.D. Livingston.

6.30.3 million km2.

7.Madagascar

8. Bengali.

9.Almadi.

Get acquainted with the features of the continent's topography and identify the causes of these features.
Get acquainted with the mineral resources of Africa.

Relief is...

Mountains are...

The plains are...

set of irregularities

earth's surface.

elevated landform,

having clearly defined

peak and slopes.

leveled areas of the earth

crusts that have a difference

heights no more than 200 meters.

in height

there are low mountains - from 500 to 1000

meters, medium mountains - from 1000 to 2000

meters, high mountains - more than 2000

meters high.

Differences in mountain heights: ...

Differences in plains in height: ...

in height

distinguished plains - lowlands - up to 200

meters of height, elevation - up to 500 meters,

plateaus - up to 1000 meters in height.

From 200-1000 meters

More

Atlas Mountains
Ethiopian Highlands
East African plateau
Vlk. Kilimanjaro
Vlk. Cameroon
Cape Mountains
Drakensberg Mountains

Name and label the landforms of Africa

Structure

earth's crust

Platforms

1 slide

Completed by: Tudvaseva Valentina Alekseevna, teacher of the first category, Municipal Educational Institution “General Educational School No. 14”, Ivakinsky Quarry, Aleksandrovsk, Perm Territory.

2 slide

Purpose of the lesson: to learn about the uniqueness of the relief of Africa; identify the reasons for this uniqueness; identify patterns in the placement of landforms and tectonics.

3 slide

Lesson plan: Test (checking homework) Repetition of previously covered material Practical work Features of the relief of Africa Minerals Crossword Homework Reflection

4 slide

Check yourself! 1. Match using arrows: Date Explorer Discovery 1498 End of the 19th century. Mid-19th century 1926 – 1927 Vavilov N.I.D. Livingston Vasco da Gama Junker V.V. Zambezi River, Victoria Falls, description of the beginning of the Congo River, Lake Nyasa, etc. Information about Central and Eastern Africa. He collected 6,000 samples of cultivated plants and proved that Ethiopia is the birthplace of wheat. Completed the opening of the sea route to India and circumnavigated South Africa.

5 slide

2. Choose the correct answer: A. Africa is ... the largest continent in terms of territory. 1) first 2) second 3) third 4) fourth B. The southernmost point of Africa is... 1) Cape Ben Sekka 2) Cape Agulhas 3) Cape Ras Hafun 4) Cape Almadi C. Africa is washed by the waters of... 1) the Indian Ocean 2) Pacific and Atlantic oceans 3) Atlantic and Indian oceans 4) Pacific and Indian oceans D. The area of Africa (including the islands) is ... million square meters. km. 1) 54.9 2) 30.3 3) 24.2 4) 17.8 11-12 points – “5” 9-10 points – “4” 6-8 points – “3” less than 6 points – “2” "

6 slide

The relief is depicted on the map using layer-by-layer coloring, that is, color (green and brown) of different intensities. Participants with heights from 0 to 200 m are painted green, and from 200 to 500 m - light brown, etc. What color corresponds to a certain height or depth can be seen on the scale of heights and depths, which is available on any physical map. Relief image on the map

7 slide

8 slide

Goal: to form general ideas about the relief of Africa; establish a connection between the structure of the earth's crust and relief. Equipment: physical map of Africa; map of the structure of the earth's crust. Work plan: 1. Based on the physical map of Africa, identify the main landforms of Africa and plot them on a contour map. Using a physical map of Africa, fill out Table 1. Using the data in the table, construct a diagram comparing the mountains of Africa by height. 2. Analyze the “Structure of the Earth’s Crust” map. Determine at what time the African-Arabian Plate was formed. 3. Establish a connection between the structure of the earth’s crust and the relief of Africa. Fill out table 2. Practical work.

Slide 9

Comparison of mountains by height Names of mountains Highest point name height Atlas Toubkal 4165 m Akhagar Takhat Highlands 2918 m Tibesti Highlands Emi-kusi 3415 m Ethiopian Highlands Ras Dashen 4620 m East African Plateau Kilimanjaro 5895 m Drakensberg Mountains Cathkin Peak 3657 m Cape Mountains 23 26 m Darfur Marra Plateau 3088 m

10 slide

4165 m 2918 m 3415 m 4620 m 5895 m 3657 m 2326 m 3088 m Atlas Akhagar highlands Tibesti highlands Ethiopian highlands East African plateau Drakensberg Mountains Cape Mountains Darfur plateau

11 slide

Relationship between the main forms of relief and the structure of the earth's crust Basic forms of relief Structure of the earth's crust Atlas Region of new folding Sahara Desert Ancient platform Ethiopian Highlands Ancient platform, continental fault zone Akhagar Highlands Ancient platform Tibesti Highlands Ancient platform East African Plateau Ancient platform, region of ancient folding, continental fault zone Drakensberg Mountains Ancient platform Cape Mountains Region of ancient folding Kalahari Desert Ancient platform

12 slide

Low Africa has predominantly altitudes not exceeding 1000 m. The predominant altitudes of High Africa are 1000-1500 m, and the highest mountains (Kilimanjaro, Kenya, Rwenzori) exceed 5000 m. Despite the fact that the topography of a significant part of Africa is flat , according to the prevailing altitudes, the continent is divided into Low Africa (North, Western, Central) and High Africa (East, South). Features of the relief of Africa

Slide 13

Slide 14

Scheme of the East African Rifts The East African Rift System is the longest fault belt on land, stretching for almost 6 thousand km. Volcanoes and narrow, deep depressions rise along it. This system consists of a series of horsts and grabens. Fault line

15 slide

Horst is a section of the earth’s crust that occupies an elevated position and is bounded by faults. A graben is a depressed section of the earth's crust, separated by faults.

16 slide

ATLAS (Atlas Mountains), in northwest Africa, within Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Length about 2000 km. It consists of the Tel Atlas, High Atlas, Middle Atlas, Saharan Atlas ranges, internal plateaus and plains. Height up to 4165 m (Mount Toubkal). Volcano KILIMANJARO is the highest point in Africa. In the African language, “Kalimangara” means “shining mountain”. This is a volcanic massif with a height of 5895 m in East Africa, Tanzania.

Slide 17

In the extreme south of the African continent rise the CAPE MOUNTAINS (up to 2326 m high), composed mainly of sandstones and quartzites. THE DRAGON MOUNTAINS are located in southeast Africa. Height up to 3482 m The small mountains of Africa have a flat surface, like a table, and are called table mountains.