The creation of the world according to the Bible is detailed. The Creation of the World in the Bible (calculation of events). Own business - where to start

The science of creation: how old is the Earth according to biblical texts? What evidence is there for the correctness of the Christian belief in the creation of the world? All about this in our material!

Creation Science

It says here that initially a single world ocean that covered the entire earth broke up into separate basins separated by land. The appearance of continents and seas on the face of the Earth was of utmost importance in the history of the development of our planet, but it happened in such a distant past that no traces of this event remained in the geological record.

In modern science, the question of the origin of the hydrosphere, as well as the atmosphere, is the subject of mutually exclusive hypotheses, which are based not on direct geological data, but on certain cosmogonic constructions and general views on the origin of the Earth. For the geologically foreseeable time, there is no data that would allow for a noticeable increase in the volume of the hydrosphere, which was noted by V.I. Vernadsky. If this position is correct, then it should be assumed that land appeared only as a result of a long process of geological development of our planet, expressed in the differentiation of its solid shells into oceanic depressions that contained the bulk of surface water. Thus, modern scientific data do not contradict the picture painted by the book of Genesis, but one has to be surprised, if one denies its divine inspiration, that a writer of a people who hardly saw the sea attached such great importance to its watery shell in the development of the Earth.

Bible and geology

We do not consider questions about the causes of the origin of oceans and continents, mountains and plains in this essay, since none of them contradicts the Bible. Something else is important for us now - a comparative analysis of the sequence of creations according to the Bible and the sequence of the appearance of various types of the material world in the light of modern scientific and natural knowledge.

These verses say that inanimate nature, at the command of God, produced living nature in the form of plants, which thus came into existence before animals. So, already at the relatively early stages of the development of the Earth, the plant world reached significant diversity and developed not only in water, but also covered the land.

There are no traces left of the very first stages of life in the geological record, so we have to limit ourselves to only general considerations and guesses. It is generally accepted that life arose in the oceans, but G. S. Osborne and L. S. Berg (1946) believe that the first stages of life took place on land, in swampy and damp places. According to modern ideas, first expressed by V.I. Vernadsky and now included in textbooks, our modern topoatmosphere (without which no animal life, which requires the presence of free oxygen, is possible) is biogenic. Without plants, animals would not only suffocate, but they would have nothing to eat, for only plants have the ability to convert inorganic forms of matter into organic ones.

In the deposits of the Archean era (see Geochronological table on p. 36) there are no reliable organic remains. The oldest undoubtedly known plant remains were found in the Precambrian limestones of Montana; Bacteria and various algae were found and well studied in Proterozoic sediments; in Precambrian deposits of the Czech Republic - wood described under the name Archaexylan, with signs of the structure of gymnosperms (that is, conifers); in the Precambrian of the Urals, indefinable remains of terrestrial plants and spores of higher plants were found; spores of higher land plants - bryophytes and pteridophytes - are described from Cambrian deposits of the Baltic region; from the Upper Silurian of the Australian province of Victoria - a flora of primitive, now extinct psilophyte plants. In the Devonian, the known terrestrial flora is already characterized by a large diversity of species and groups.

Geochronological table

Vegetable world

Thus, based on modern scientific ideas and data, we have to believe, in full accordance with the Bible, that plants were the first organized forms of organic life on Earth, and the plant world already in ancient times reached a significant diversity of forms.

The following verses talk about the creation of the Sun, Moon and stars. We have already talked a lot about cosmogony in the previous essay, so now we will formulate only brief conclusions from two scientific hypotheses of the origin of stars: 1) both hypotheses assume the presence of prestellar matter in the Universe. This matter only under certain conditions forms stars; 2) when implementing the mechanism of the second concept (assuming the presence of a special superdense state of matter), the existence of invisible stars is fundamentally possible, which can flare up in subsequent times. Further, the formation of clots of matter is possible in such limited areas beyond which no radiation can penetrate. This formation of matter can be characterized in figurative biblical language as God separated the light from the darkness.

Age of the Universe

Let us consider the problem of the age of the Earth and the bodies of the Universe, as it appears to theology and modern natural science consciousness.

For theology, the only criterion for the age of the world is the biblical texts. In the given texts of the book of Genesis, the creation of the world is described in certain stages called “days”. It is impossible to understand by them our usual astronomical days associated with the rotation of the Earth around its axis, since before the fourth “day” the Sun did not exist and, therefore, there was no change of day and night. Since the six days of the Bible - a conventional division of time - have nothing to do with the astronomical day, with their day and night, the night is therefore not mentioned in the book of Genesis in connection with the day of creation: “and there was evening, and there was morning” - for every hour had its own work, and it was not interrupted at night. This is emphasized by the order of words “there was evening, and there was morning” instead of the seemingly natural: “there was morning and there was evening - the fourth day.”

It is necessary to dwell on the chronology from the creation of the world, which was previously accepted by the entire Christian world and covers about 7000 years.

There is no data in the biblical texts to determine the age of the world. Consequently, the question of calculating the age of the world does not fall within the purview of theology. Some interpreters of the Bible tried to approach chronology indirectly, using the information available in the Bible about individual clans and generations and the history of the Jewish people, and received completely different figures. The method they used, by its very nature, could not be part of the task of determining the age of the world from the first day of creation. Science has long been trying to estimate in different ways and methods the age of various parts of the world from their very formation. First of all, let us dwell on determining the age of the Earth.

Rough, simplified calculations represent science's first infant attempts to determine the age of the Earth. Only the discovery of radioactive decay by Becquerel and the Curies allowed geology to obtain a “standard of time” that does not depend on any geological processes. At any temperature, at any pressure, radioactive elements transform into non-radioactive lead and helium at the same speed. The ratio between radioactive elements, in particular uranium, and the lead or helium formed from it, adjusted for the rate of decay, is a measure of time. The same measure of time can be the ratio between radiogenic and non-radiogenic isotopes of the same element. Without being able to delve into the details of the time determination technique, we will report only the final results of the work done by a number of researchers.

1) The most ancient minerals found on earth are 2.0–2.5 billion years old. The most ancient rocks on the earth's surface were found in Antarctica and are 3.9–4.0 billion years old.

2) The age of meteorites reaches 4.0–4.5 billion years.

3) Based on the study of solar radiation, V. G. Fesenkov believes that the age of the Sun should closely correspond to the age of the Earth and, probably, other planets, and suggests that the planets, in particular the Earth, could exist in the absence of a fully formed Sun.

4) The theory of the expanding Universe predicts its age at 15–20 billion years.

Thus, in all of the above cases, determinations of the age of objects (an expanding metagalaxy, the earth’s crust, the Sun), made by different researchers, using different methods and methods, gave figures of the same order. Based on the requirements of scientific caution, it is impossible to talk about more. Are these coincidences random? It is difficult for us, brought up on the scientific thinking of the 20th century, to imagine that the entire majestic Universe with its billions of stars would have an age close to the age of the oldest rocks on the surface of our planet and the first origin of life on it.

One can, of course, doubt that the “red shift” indicates the expansion of galaxies, one can doubt Einstein’s theory, from which, regardless of the “red shift,” the expansion of the Universe theoretically follows, one can doubt the principles of determining the age of minerals and meteorites by radiological methods and any other, one can doubt the reliability of astrophysical data, but then one has to completely deny the suitability of our observations for interpreting the Universe. Atheists stand on this path. They say that it is impossible to transfer the laws of motion of a finite, limited region of the Universe to the entire infinite Universe. In other words, they recognize two worlds: one world, where there are laws leading to “clergy,” where they, unfortunately, have to live, and another world, a world that has not yet been discovered and is unknown to us, the “otherworldly” world (!), where there are no laws leading to “clergy”. The best thing that atheists should do, so as not to get into trouble themselves, is to admit that science, due to its limitations in each specific period of time, cannot provide a complete picture of the Universe that accurately reflects it, and, therefore, is unsuitable as a method of anti-religious propaganda.

Wanting to understand the meaning of the biblical description of the fifth day of creation, we must remember that the classification among ancient peoples, as well as among modern peoples of archaic culture, has an external morphological ecological character, and not a comparative anatomical one, like modern natural scientific taxonomy. For the ancients, a lizard seemed more related to some centipede rather than a frog, a sparrow to a bee rather than a mole, a bat to a swallow rather than an elephant; Finally, wouldn’t our poorly educated contemporary compare a dolphin with a fish rather than with a cow? From a scientific biological point of view, the family relationships of animals in the examples given are just the opposite.

Reptiles and birds

So, what meaning did the ancients put into the concepts of “reptiles and birds”? Reptiles (verse 20, in Hebrew sheres) means the actual worms of water and animals, in some cases multiparous, which is emphasized in this text by the word yish e r e su 'let it produce', derived from sharas, which means 'to swarm, give birth' or 'to give birth in abundance'. More successfully than in the Russian translation, the 20th verse was translated by Luther: Und Gott sprach: Es errege sich das Wasser mit webenden und lebendigen Tieren, lit. ‘God said: Let the waters be troubled by swarming and living animals.’

Saint Basil the Great also gives such an expanded understanding of the word sheres in his “Six Days”. In his commentary on verse 20, he writes: “A commandment has come out - and rivers produce and lakes give birth to their own and natural species; and the sea is sick with all kinds of swimming animals,” and below, in connection with this, he lists not only fish, but also slugs and polyps, cuttlefish, scallops, crabs, crayfish and “thousands of various oysters.”

In ancient times, birds, as Basil the Great testifies, meant all animals flying over the earth, both birds themselves and insects.

In the 21st verse the word tanninim is used, denoting a large sea animal itself, translated as 'fish' in the Russian translation, and for reptiles the word used is not sheres, as in verse 20, but romeset, denoting crawling, reptiles, so in this case the Russian translation is quite accurate.

So, in verses 20–23, which we are now examining, we talk about the appearance on Earth of various animals, the ancestral home of which, according to the Bible, is water; it is said that the sea was inhabited by a wide variety of creatures - small and large, and that land reptiles arose after aquatic ones and their ancestral home was also water.

Without dwelling on the relationships between individual types of the animal world and the genetic transition of one type to another, about which there are a large number of often mutually exclusive hypotheses, let us consider the factual material that geology and paleontology currently provide.

The earliest stages of the development of the animal world are hidden from us; The first remains of animals belong to the Upper Precambrian - these are the nuclei and imprints of protozoa, the remains of the skeleton of sponges, the tubes of worms, the horny shells of brachypods, mollusks and the tubes of pteropods (crustaceans).

In the Cambrian, judging by the available remains, the animal world already reaches a huge variety of forms. There are representatives of almost all living types. In Cambrian deposits, not only the remains of hard skeletons were found, which are usually the only ones preserved in the fossil state, but also (in North America) excellently preserved prints of organisms that have only a soft body: jellyfish, holothurians, various worm-like and arthropods. The words of St. Basil the Great that “the sea was sick with all kinds of swimming animals” are applicable to the Cambrian Sea.

With even greater justification, these words can be attributed to the Silurian period: up to 15,000 species of Silurian marine organisms are known. Apparently, the attempt of animals to get out of the water is associated with the Silurian, since in sediments of this age, although extremely rarely, there are remains of land arthropods, centipedes and scorpions, that is, in biblical terminology, reptiles. How this transition was carried out in general, what its stages were, we do not know; it is known that by the end of the Devonian it had already ended, because from the Devonian of North America (Pennsylvania) the imprint of a four-toed foot of a terrestrial vertebrate (Thinopus) has long been known, and from the Upper Devonian of Greenland - the first reliable bone remains of an amphibian skull.

In the Carboniferous period following the Devonian, newt-like amphibians were widespread - they were, in the full sense, animals reptiles on the ground. At the same time, insects from the Orthoptera group appear and reach their greatest development. The number of their known species - given the incompleteness of the geological record - reaches 1000. About this period we can say that “birds flew across the firmament of heaven.”

In the Permian period, along with amphibians, reptiles (reptiles in the modern sense of the word) were also widespread. The Mesozoic era is a veritable kingdom of reptiles, which not only gave rise to such gigantic forms as the 28-meter brachiosaurus, but also filled the “waters of the seas,” along with a variety of fish, amphibians and a rich world of invertebrates.

In the Jurassic, flying reptiles were found, the structure of the wings of which in general resembled the structure of bats, and from Jurassic deposits two finds of real, although very primitive birds are known from the lithographic shales of Bavaria. In the Cretaceous, birds become quite numerous.

Thus, according to biblical terminology, the Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian periods and a significant part of the Mesozoic era can be called the day of reptiles and birds.

This is how the Bible talks about the first stage of creation on the sixth day. There is no doubt that by animals and livestock we should understand land mammals, and that their homeland is the mainland, but it is unclear what is meant by reptiles, since reptiles were already mentioned when describing the fifth day. Perhaps the natural scientific data themselves will help us understand the meaning of this term in the Bible.

Currently, the appearance of mammals is associated with the findings of extremely scarce remains in the Middle and Upper Jurassic deposits. Rare remains of marsupials and placental mammals are known from the Upper Cretaceous, and the following Tertiary period can be called, together with the modern Quaternary, the era of mammals; they not only dominate the land (animals and cattle), but also rose into the air (bats, etc.) and took possession of the seas (whales, dolphins, seals, walruses, etc.). The shape, richness of color and variation in size of mammals is amazing - from tiny voles to giant elephants and whales. They have mastered all the forests and steppes of the globe, they are not afraid of either the heat of the deserts or the cold of the polar countries - everywhere they are the most mobile, the most active, the most intelligent animals. Man himself belongs to them.

In all likelihood, reptiles in the book of Genesis refer to frogs, toads (that is, tailless amphibians) and snakes. Paleontological data also inclines us to this understanding of this word, since the appearance of amphibians and snakes coincides with the time of the appearance of mammals.

Is the world static?

On previous pages we saw that according to biblical and scientific data, the appearance of the Earth and the cosmos as a whole was changing. Pondering the meaning of the biblical text, theology puts forward a problem of enormous natural scientific significance: did God create the world unchanged and static, or can the world of God change and develop? Is it possible to improve in this world and grow from lower to higher in the field of spiritual activity and material, especially biological development, or is everything that exists subject to monotonous, ever-repeating closed cycles, like the movement of machine pistons? To the question: The Creator of which world should have greater wisdom and greater power? - only one answer is possible: of course, a mobile and developing world. Thus, from a Christian theological point of view, which recognizes God as Almighty, it is easier to accept natural scientific theories of a developing Universe than a static one. The great principle of universal development, which permeates to one degree or another the entire creation of God, is concentrated with special force in the inner, spiritual world of man - the crown of Divine creativity. Consequently, if a person, a creation possessing will and reason, does not work on his spiritual development, does not strive for it, then he consciously or unconsciously is an opponent of the great creative idea of ​​​​the Divine, that is, a fighter against God, conscious or unconscious, and therefore the spiritual begins in him desolation, regression.

The possibility of human mental and spiritual development has been indisputably proven throughout human history and especially by the countless host of Christian ascetics, canonized and uncanonized saints.

It seemed that theology was supposed to anticipate the ideas of the natural evolution of the world. They actually exist in embryo in some Church Fathers, although they start from different starting positions. So, for example, St. John of Damascus wrote: “what began with a change must change.” But why then did the Inquisition and the Jesuits fight against scientific discoveries, and why did some churchmen oppose the theories of the evolution of animals and plants with hostility? Why in the 19th century did they stubbornly defend the idea of ​​​​the immutability of species, although such an assumption has no basis either in Tradition or in Revelation and is contrary to all analogies in nature? Based on the limited scientific data of the ancient world and the Middle Ages, theologians created a speculative scheme of the universe, which, in their opinion, exhausted the power of God. And so, when the empirical study of nature - the creation of God, expanded the limits of His power and wisdom known to people beyond the boundaries of their old ideas, these theologians forgot that the power of the Creator extends beyond the limits of human understanding, made a noise about the imaginary atheism of scientific theories, “for His immeasurable creative power and wisdom” (Lomonosov’s words) were measured by their limited knowledge. However, not all clergy are guilty of this. Some of them were even the founders of evolutionary theories in biology. For example, the English priest W. Herbert (1837) believed that “species were created in a highly plastic state, and that through crossings and deviations they produced all currently existing species.”

Currently, biological evolution can be considered a scientifically established pattern. However, contrary to popular belief, neither zoology nor botany as the science of modern life forms (neobiology) can prove it. They can only prove the plasticity of the organism or its stability, or the nature of the relationship between these two polar properties of the organism. In short, neobiology deals with factors that can be considered factors in evolution, but not with evolution itself.

Only paleontology, together with geology, has factual documents of past eras of life. Consequently, only it can provide the factual basis for the history of the organic world, that is, the framework within which questions of the development of life can and should be developed - that empirical basis, beyond which the realm of fantasy begins.

Paleontology and evolution

However, paleontology did not immediately start talking about evolution. The famous Belgian paleontologist Louis Dollot divides the history of paleontology into three periods: the first - the period of the creation of fables, when instead of studying, they preferred to reason, and large extinct animals were mistaken for the skeletons of giants or mythological creatures; the second is the morphological period; with it essentially begins paleontology as the science of fossils, created by Cuvier in the same way as comparative anatomy; and the third period is the period of evolutionary paleontology, created by the works of V. O. Kovalevsky. “Kovalevsky’s work,” wrote Dollo, “is a true treatise on the method in paleontology.”

What geological and paleontological evidence can be given in favor of the evolution of the organic world?

1) It has been empirically established that in ancient deposits there are no modern forms and there are remains of now extinct animals, and different deposits differ from each other in different fauna, and when moving to younger deposits we encounter more and more highly organized forms. This can be explained either by Cuvier's theory of catastrophes (which assumes countless repeated creations and destructions of everything previously created, with each time more highly organized organisms appearing than in previous acts of creation), or the result of evolution.

From a theological point of view, the catastrophe theory is absurd and has no basis in Revelation. It reflects not Christian theological views, as they are trying to portray now, but the state of the factual material in Cuvier’s era, when, with a comparatively small number of paleontological finds, intermediate forms between known species and genera were not found. This circumstance, by the way, forced Darwin to devote a large section in his “Origin of Species” to the incompleteness of the geological record in order to save his theory from the blows of paleontologists.

2) In the fossil state, before the appearance of remains of new classes and other classification groups, there are remains of organisms that occupy an intermediate position between the new “future” class and the previously existing one, and their assignment to one class or another is very difficult. In this case, it is impossible to restore all stages due to the incompleteness of the geological record, since we do not know whether we are really dealing with transitional phenomena or with traces of the presence of certain classes unknown to us. This leaves a loophole for skeptics.

3) But there are genera in which it is possible to trace all the gradual transitions from one form to another from successive horizons. Moreover, the extreme forms are so different from each other that they, of course, should be classified as different species; It is impossible to draw the boundary between these species in a cross-section, since the intermediate forms give very gradual transitions. We are faced, as it were, with the situation that it is necessary somewhere conditionally to classify a mother as one species, and the daughter she gave birth to as another - a new one, and to classify two half-brothers born at the same time to different systematic units, so that somehow, at least conditionally , draw the line between species. A fact that is impossible in neobiology, but often happens in paleontology.

In this work, we do not dwell on the currently established laws of evolution (adaptive radiation, acceleration of the development of tachygenesis, irreversibility of evolution, non-specialization, etc.), since this is not directly related to our topic. Let us only note that Darwinism and evolutionary views should not be equated; they are not identical, as our high school students think.

Creation of the world and the origin of man

The problem of human origin is one of the most exciting in biology and anthropology. For several centuries it has been a battlefield between people holding different philosophical, scientific, religious and even political views.

Starting with Giordano Bruno, who in his essay “The Expulsion of the Triumphant Beast” (1584) spoke in favor of the independent origin of man in different places on the globe, the ideas of polyphilia were used in the fight against the Christian religion. Similar goals were pursued by the development of the hypothesis of polygenesis of human races, which contained the statement that different races are either different species of the same genus, or even different genera. The works of monophylistic scientists, in particular in recent times (analysis of anatomical features that do not have adaptive significance - Henri Balois), have proven that the only possible concept regarding the human race is monophyly.

If the question of the unity (monophyly) of the human race can now be considered scientifically more or less resolved, then questions about the specific ways of formation of the species Homo sapiens and the antiquity of modern man are the subject of heated debate.

Between the previous stage and the Neanderthals and modern people, the oldest race of which is known as the Cro-Magnons, there is a certain break in gradualism, which is recognized by all scientists.

Archaeological finds show the impossibility of paleontologically defending the antiquity of Homo sapiens.

The question arises, why are they so stubbornly striving to prove the enormous antiquity of modern man, to prove his antiquity even at the cost of unconscious or conscious distortion of scientific facts?

The fact is that orthodox Darwinism explains the formation of man with his amazing mental abilities, which sharply distinguish Homo sapiens from the entire animal world, by the action of natural selection, which determines the entire diversity of animals and plants. According to Darwin's theory in its orthodox form, any species can evolve as a result of the fact that its individual representatives receive a slight superiority over their relatives, and only these more advanced representatives always survive the struggle for existence and only they pass on their progressive characteristics to their descendants. To explain the origin of man as the result of this extremely slow-acting mechanism of evolution, it is necessary to assume an enormous duration of his existence. The human brain is clearly superior to man's need to survive in his struggle for existence with other animals. Therefore, Darwin was forced to attribute its improvement to the long and fierce struggle of man with man and one human tribe with another. He also had to resort to the factor of sexual selection. In other words, according to Darwin, a person’s mental abilities satisfied his needs to survive in the fight against his own kind. Consequently, among peoples standing at lower stages of historical development, they should be immeasurably lower than among peoples who have gone forward in their historical development. However, modern research has discarded the idea that the so-called savages were mentally retarded.

In the above biblical verses, the first thing that attracts attention is the grammatical agreement between the singular and plural. In verse 26: “And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness.” This hints at the mystery of the Holy Trinity, which in Three Persons is the One Indivisible Deity. God is One, but Three Persons of the Divine Nature. The dogma of the trinity of the Divine is completely unknown to the ancient Jews, but is entirely connected with Christianity, therefore for an atheist this discrepancy turns into a simple slip of the compiler or copyist. For a Christian, this is a pre-revelation of what later became a revelation.

So, man was conceived by the special will of the Divine as the ruler of the earth and everything that is on it. “And the Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living soul,” the second chapter of the book of Genesis complements the narrative of the first chapter (Genesis 2:7).

In the Bible we do not find a story about how, or by what means, man was made from the dust of the ground. It only indicates, as St. Gregory the Theologian notes, that man was created from already existing “material.” Both our soul and our body, as the great Christian ascetic St. Seraphim of Sarov taught, are created from the “finger of the earth.” Man, created from the dust of the earth, was “an active animal being, like others living on the earth<…>although he was superior to all beasts, cattle and birds.” They, as part of the earth, that is, as coming from the earth, could even serve as material for its creation. Therefore, there is nothing anti-Christian in including humans in the same systematic series with other animals, as Linnaeus did and as is now customary in biology - this is a statement of one of the aspects of human nature. There is nothing anti-religious in hypotheses of the origin of man from an ape-like creature; for a Christian, confirmation of these hypotheses only reveals how man was created in the biological process of his formation. The main thing for the Bible is not this, but that God “breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living soul,” that is, man, who had previously been “the dust of the earth,” an animal, although the most perfect and intelligent of all animals , acquired the Holy Spirit and through this the ability of real communication with the Divine and the possibility of immortality. By coming into contact with the earthly world with his material nature, man became the king of this world and the viceroy of God on earth. And as God’s vicegerent on earth, he must continue the work begun by God - decorating and cultivating the earth for the glory of God.

In creativity, whatever it manifests itself in - whether in art, in the creation of new breeds of animals and plants or new celestial bodies - lies one of the aspects of our similarity to God. “You are gods,” said the Lord (John 10:34). We must approach creativity with prayer, with sacred mystical awe, with deep gratitude to God for the joy of our likeness to Him, with fear of what we use this likeness given to us for. Human creativity has two sides: the external one, which was just mentioned, and the internal one, which many people have currently forgotten about. Captivated by their external creativity, directed not to the glory of God, but to the glory of man, people forgot about internal creativity and, amusing themselves with their discoveries, inventions and so-called “miracles” of technology, they are losing the Kingdom of God and their immortality in a game of chance.

God offered life and death to man, good and evil (see Deut. 30:15), so that man could choose and make himself one way or another.

A person can descend to an animal state and rise with the help of God to an angelic state, for the seeds of a diverse life are embedded in him; The constantly, naturally changing world gives a person the opportunity to develop and grow according to his own will.

The world could not be built according to Beautiful Arbitrariness and not have laws, if only because a person could only cognize a world in which laws exist; Only a world developing according to laws could a person possess, only in it could a person demonstrate his creative abilities.

Having examined the biblical account of the creation of the world in the light of modern ideas, we did not see anything in it that contradicts science. It can be said with certainty that science in its development is more and more consistent with the narrative of Moses. His story in many details becomes clear only now: the beginning of the world, light before the Sun and stars, emphasizing the anthropological factor in the development of nature, and much more. A comparison of the latest discoveries of science with the Bible clearly shows how much the providence of the Jewish prophet rose above not only the limited ideas of ancient peoples, but also above the views of natural scientists of modern times. For an atheist, this is an inexplicable miracle; for an anti-religionist, this is a fact that must be kept silent; for a Christian and a Jew this is not surprising, for for them the Bible and Nature are two books written by God, and therefore they cannot contradict one another. The imaginary contradictions between them are explained by the fact that a person reads one of these books incorrectly or both together.

Looking back at the path traveled by science over many centuries to understand the Great Book of Nature, we can say in the words of Einstein: “The more we read, the more fully and highly we appreciate the perfect design of the book, although its complete solution seems to be moving away as we moving forward."

At the very beginning of the essays it was said that Christianity considers God the Creator to be the beginning of everything. In presenting the history of creation, we consciously sought to remain on the basis of precisely established facts and generally accepted opinions in our atheistic age, contrasting them with the biblical story and not rising to theological contemplation and thought. Now, finishing this essay, it is perhaps worth touching them lightly, at least with hints.

From the biblical story about the creation of the world, it is clear that in the creation of the world after its creation, natural forces and natural processes acted and developed: “and the earth brought forth greenery,” “let the water bring forth reptiles,” etc. But these elements acted not spontaneously, but upon receiving special abilities given to them by God: “And God said: let the earth produce greenery,” and it did, “let the water bring forth reptiles,” and it did, that is, matter did not simply develop as a result of its initially existing properties , and the will of the Divine, moving from one stage to another, bestowed new abilities on the elements, expressing Itself in the form of natural laws, that is, laws that have retained their meaning to this day. In other words, God, having created matter, did not leave it to remain in chaos, but as a wise Ruler directed the development of the Universe separate from Him, being in this sense the Creator of everything visible and invisible.

The manifestation of God's will is visible throughout the history of mankind, but in most cases it is expressed in the form of natural laws - unnoticeable to the outside world, which does not even listen to miracles, but significant for a Christian. A Christian scientist must be able to see with his mind and feel with his heart the manifestation of the Divine Will in Nature and in human history and tell about It.

“It is fitting to keep a sovereign’s secret, but it is commendable to announce the works of God” (Tob 12:11).

Cm. Archpriest Gleb Kaleda. The Bible and the science of creation // Alpha and Omega. 1996. No. 2/3 (9/10). - Ss. 26–27. - Red.

In sacred books, the word “day” is used quite often without connection with the astronomical day. Jesus Christ calls the entire time of His ministry “day.” “Abraham your father,” He says, addressing the Jews, “rejoiced to see My day” (John 8:56). The Apostle Paul says: “The night is past, and the day is at hand: let us therefore put away the works of darkness” (Rom. 13:12); “Behold, now is the acceptable time, behold, now is the day of salvation” (2 Cor 6:2). In the latter case, day is the time after the Nativity of Christ. “In your sight,” David figuratively exclaimed in a psalm, turning to God, “a thousand years are like yesterday” (Ps. 89:5), and the Apostle Peter wrote: “With the Lord one day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day” (2 Pet 3:8).

We find the same understanding of the biblical day in St. Basil the Great. In the second conversation on the Sixth Day, this “universal teacher,” as the Church calls him, says: “Whether you call it a day or an age, you express the same concept; whether you say that it is a day, or that it is a state, it is always one, and not many; Whether you call it a century, it will be one and not multiple.”

A critical analysis of this chronology was given in 1757–1759. the founder of the Russian natural-scientific apologetics of Christianity M.V. Lomonosov, who in his work “On the Layers of the Earth” wrote about the presence of “...implicit and dubious numbers in the Jewish Old Testament, which, like many other places in it, could not be clearly understood to this day the most skillful teachers of this language; and this is not the last reason that all Christian peoples begin calculating the years from the Nativity of Christ, leaving the ancient, as not quite definite and doubtful; Moreover, there is no agreement on this between our Christian chronologists; for example, Theophilus Bishop of Antioch believes from Adam to Christ 5515 years, Augustine, 5351, Jerome 3941.”

Polyphyly- a theory according to which life (or its individual forms) could independently arise in different places. Monophyly- theory of the single origin of life. Accordingly, the terms polygenesis And monogenesis(along with monophyly) reflect views on the origin of humanity. - Ed.

The so-called theory of primitive (prelogical) thinking, put forward in the last century by L. Lévy-Bruhl and supported by a number of ethnographers and psychologists, is based, firstly, on bias and secondly, on insufficient knowledge of the material. The same can be said about the absolutely untenable statement according to which there are no words of abstract meaning in the languages ​​of the peoples of archaic culture. - Red.

The creation of the world is the original question in any religion. How and when everything that surrounds man was born - plants, birds, animals, man himself.

Science promotes its theory - a big explosion occurred in the universe, which gave rise to the galaxy and the planets around it. If the general scientific theory of the creation of the world is united, then different peoples have their own legends about it.

Myths about the creation of the world

What is a myth? This is a legend about the origin of life, the role of God and man in it. There are a huge number of such legends.

According to Jewish history, Heaven and Earth were original. The material for their creation was the clothes of God and snow. According to another version, the whole world is an intertwining of threads of fire, water and snow.

According to Egyptian mythology, initially darkness and chaos reigned everywhere. Only the young God Ra, who shed light and gave life, was able to defeat him. In one version, he hatched from an egg, and in another version, he was born from a lotus flower. It is noteworthy that there are many variations in the Egyptian theory, and many contain images of animals, birds, and insects.

In the stories of the Sumerians, the world came into existence when the flat Earth and the dome of Heaven united and gave birth to a son - the God of Air. Then the deities of water and plants appear. Here for the first time we speak of the emergence of a person from the organ of another.

The Greek myth about the origin of the world is based on the concept of chaos, which swallowed up everything around, the sun and moon were inseparable, cold was combined with heat. A certain God came and separated all opposites from each other. He also created man and woman from a single matter.

The parable of the ancient Slavs is based on the same chaos that reigned everywhere and around. There are deities of time, earth, darkness, wisdom. According to this legend, all living things appeared from dust - humans, plants, animals. The stars came from here. Therefore, it is said that the stars, like man, are not eternal.

Creation of the world according to the Bible

The Holy Scripture is the main book of Orthodox believers. Here you can find answers to all questions. This also applies to the origin of the world, humans and animals, plants.

The Bible has five books that tell the whole story. These books were written by Moses during his wanderings with the Jewish people. All the revelations of God were initially recorded in one volume, but then it was divided.

The beginning of the Holy Scriptures is the Book of Genesis. Its name from Greek means “beginning,” which speaks of the content. It is here that the story is told about how the birth of life, the first man, the first society occurred.

As the Scripture says, man, by his existence, carries the highest goal - love, beneficence, improvement. It contains within itself the breath of God himself - the soul.

According to biblical history, the world was not created in eternity. How many days did it take for God to create a world filled with life? Even children know about this today.

How God created the earth in 7 days

The appearance of the world in such a short time is briefly described in the Holy Scriptures. There is no detailed description in the book, everything is symbolic. Understanding transcends age and time - it is something that lasts for centuries. History says that only God can create the world out of nothing.

First day of creation of the world

God created “heaven” and “earth”. This should not be taken literally. This does not mean matter, but certain forces, entities, angels.

On this same day, God separated darkness from light, thus creating day and night.

Second day

At this time, a certain “firmament” is created. The personification of the separation of water on earth and air. Thus, we are talking about creating air space, a certain atmosphere for life.

The third day

The Almighty orders the water to gather in one place and make room for the formation of land. This is how the earth itself appeared, and the water around became seas and oceans.

Fourth day

It is notable for the formation of celestial bodies - night and day. The stars appear.

Now the possibility of counting time arises. The successive sun and moon count days, seasons, years.

Fifth day

Life appears on earth. Birds, fish, animals. This is where the great phrase “be fruitful and multiply” comes into play. God gives the beginning, the first individuals who will themselves raise their offspring in this paradise.

Sixth day

God creates man “in His image and likeness” and breathes life into him. Man is molded from clay, and the breath of God revives dead material and gives him a soul.

Adam is the first person, man. He lives in the Garden of Eden and understands the languages ​​of the world around him. Despite the diversity of life around him, he is lonely. God creates a helper for him, the woman Eve, from his rib while Adam sleeps.

Seventh day

Called Saturday. It is reserved for rest and serving God.

This is how the world was born. What is the exact date of creation of the world according to the Bible? This is still the main and most difficult issue. There are claims that time is being described long before the advent of modern chronology.

Another opinion says the opposite, that the events in the Holy Book are our time. The figure varies from 3483 to 6984 years. But the generally accepted point of reference is considered to be 5508 BC.

Creation of the world according to the Bible for children

Initiating children into the doctrine of God teaches correct principles of behavior and points to undeniable values. However, the Bible in its present form is difficult for an adult to understand, let alone a child’s perception.

In order for a child to study the main book of Christians himself, a children's Bible was invented. A colorful, illustrated publication, written in a child-friendly language.

The story of the creation of the world from the Old Testament tells that initially there was nothing. But God has always been. All seven days of creation are narrated very briefly. It also tells the story of the emergence of the first people and how they betrayed God.

The story of Adam and Abel is described. These stories are instructive for children and teach them the right attitude towards others, elders, and nature. Animated and feature films come to the rescue, which clearly show the events described in the Holy Scriptures.

There is no age or time for religion. She is beyond everything essential. Understanding the origin of the environment and the role of man in the world, finding harmony and one’s path is possible only by understanding the values ​​that faith carries.

The Bible begins with the story of the creation of the world. "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. The earth was formless and empty, and darkness was over the deep, and the Spirit of God hovered over the waters” (Genesis 1: 1-2).

Creation of Heaven - the invisible world

In the beginning, first of all of the visible world and man, God created Heaven out of nothing, that is, the spiritual, invisible world or the world of Angels. Angels are disembodied and immortal spirits, gifted with intelligence, will and power. God created countless numbers of them. They differ among themselves in the degree of perfection and in the type of their service, and are divided into nine faces or ranks, which make up three levels of the hierarchy, with three ranks in each. The first hierarchy consists of the Thrones, Cherubim and Seraphim, which are closer to God. In the second, middle hierarchy of Power, Dominance and Strength. In the third, closer to us, there are Angels, Archangels and Principalities.

All Angels were created good, so that they would love God and each other and have constant great joy from this life of love. But God did not want to force love, so He gave the Angels freedom of choice: to live in God, to love Him and each other, or not.

One, the highest and most powerful Angel, named Dennitsa (Lucifer), became proud of his power and strength and rejected the will of God - love and life in God. He himself wanted to become God. He began to slander the Lord, oppose everything and deny everything, and became a dark, evil spirit - the devil, Satan. The word “devil” means “slanderer,” and the word “Satan” means “adversary” of God and all that is good. This evil spirit seduced and carried away many other Angels, who also became evil spirits and are called demons or demons.

Then one of the highest Angels of God, Archangel Michael, spoke out against Satan and said: “Who is equal to God? No one like God! And a war took place in Heaven: Michael and his angels fought against Satan, and Satan and his demons fought against them.

But the evil force could not resist the Angels of God, and Satan, along with the demons, fell like lightning down from the spiritual Heavens. Their place of residence in the lower regions of the spiritual world began to be called the underworld or hell. There fallen spirits are tormented in their anger, seeing their powerlessness before God. All of them, due to their unrepentance, are so entrenched in evil that they can no longer become good. They try to seduce every person by cunning and cunning, instilling in him false thoughts and evil desires in order to turn him away from God.

This is how evil arose in God's creation. However, the Holy Fathers point out that evil is not some entity that has an independent existence, similar to God or the forces of the world, but it is the deviation of living beings from coordinating their will with the will of God. The essence of evil consists in violating the will of God, His commandments and the natural moral law inscribed in the heart of every person (conscience). This violation is also called sin.

The angels who remained faithful to God have since lived with God in unceasing love and joy, always fulfilling the will of God. And now they have become so established in the goodness and love of God that they can never do evil - they cannot sin, which is why they are called holy angels. "Angel" - Greek. "messenger". God sends them to proclaim His will to people, for this purpose the Angels take on a visible, human image.

Creation of the earth - the visible world

After the creation of Heaven - the invisible, angelic world, God created from nothing, with His One Word, the earth, that is, substance (matter), from which he gradually created the entire visible, material (material) world: the visible sky, earth and everything on them .

God did not create the world all at once, but over several periods of time, which are called “days” in the Bible. In all likelihood, these “days” of creation were not ordinary days of twenty-four hours, since an ordinary day depends on the sun, and in the first three “days” of creation there was no sun itself. The Bible was written by the prophet Moses in Hebrew, and in this language both the day and the period of time are expressed in one word, “yom.” Therefore, it is impossible to know exactly what “days” these were, especially since it is known: “With the Lord one day is as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day” (2 Pet. 3:8; Ps. 89:5). “What kind of days these days are is either extremely difficult or impossible for us to imagine; and even more so to talk about it... But we must believe it without hesitation,” wrote St. Augustine of Hippo.

So, at first the earth (matter) created by God had nothing definite, no form, was unstructured (like fog or water) and covered with darkness, and the Spirit of God hovered over it, giving it life-giving power.

The Bible begins with the words: “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth” (Gen. 1:1). All three Persons of the Holy Trinity equally participated in the creation of the world: Father, Son and Holy Spirit, as the Triune God, Consubstantial and Indivisible. In the Hebrew original, the word “God” in this passage of Scripture is put in the plural – “Elohim”, i.e. Gods (singular Eloah or El – God), and the word “created” – “bara” is put in the singular. Thus, the original Hebrew text of the Bible, from its very first lines, points to the consubstantial Persons of the Holy Trinity, saying, as it were: “in the beginning the Gods (the Three Persons of the Holy Trinity) created Heaven and earth.”

First day of creation

“And God said: Let there be light. And there was light. And God saw the light that it was good, and God separated the light from the darkness.”

The subject of creation of the first “day” is light. “And God said: Let there be light” (Genesis 1:3). Modern science can help us come closer to understanding the nature of this light. In the 20th century, the scientific view of the origin of the Universe began to be identified with the so-called “Big Bang” theory. Briefly it can be described as follows.

The entire Universe was in a compressed state about 20 billion years ago. All its substance was contained in one point, in an atom that had neither time nor space. The universe, as such, did not exist. There was only primordial matter, about the original state of which science knows nothing, and is unlikely to ever know anything. All matter was probably in a plasmatic, super-compressed state, in which even atoms were absent, and only elementary particles existed in indescribable chaos. And so, for some reason still unknown to science, the original core exploded, and a dazzling flash of light appeared - a fireball that began to expand at incredible speed. Rapidly expanding, the primary matter of the Universe also quickly lost its density and temperature. Interacting with each other, elementary particles began to create first atoms, then molecules, stars and planets. But not all elementary particles passed into solid matter; a large number of them remained in the Universe in the form of radiation energy. Having exploded approximately 20 billion years ago, the Universe is still expanding, thus creating more and more space. This is, in brief, the dominant theory in science of the “Big Bang”.

If this theory turns out to be correct, then, like no other theory in the past, it comes close to the mystery of that light, which, by the will of God, appeared on the first creative day.

In the meantime, we can assume that the light that appeared at the word of the Creator was that primordial substance that, according to scientists, appeared as a result of the “Big Bang” and from which the Universe then arose. “And God separated the light from the darkness” (Gen. 1:4). When matter began to be formed from primordial matter in the form in which we know it, then, as we already mentioned above, not all elementary particles passed into this state of matter, most of them remained in the Universe in the form of radiation energy. Scientists suggest that for every nuclear particle of matter there are a billion photons and a billion neutrinos - elementary particles of radiation energy. Thus, by darkness in this verse we can understand matter, and by light - ray energy, which at a certain moment in the formation of the Universe separated from solid matter and exists to this day, although for the most part it remains invisible to the human eye.

“And God called the light day and the darkness night. And there was evening, and there was morning: one day” (Gen. 1:5). This was the first day of peace.

Second day of creation

“And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it separate water from water. [And it became so.] And God created the firmament, and separated the water that was under the firmament from the water that was above the firmament. And so it became. And God called the firmament heaven. [And God saw that it was good.] And there was evening, and there was morning: the second day” (Gen. 1: 6-8). The second creative command forms the firmament. The “firmament” (visible sky) can mean both airspace (atmosphere) and interplanetary outer space. From the point of view of a hypothetical observer located on Earth, the origin of the firmament, or visible sky, can be represented as follows.

The immeasurably huge mass of primordial water-like substance disintegrated, at the behest of God, into millions of individual balls, which spun on their axes and rushed each in their own separate orbit. The space formed between these balls became the “firmament”; for in this space the movement of the newly created worlds is approved by the Lord on certain and unchanging laws of gravity so that they do not collide with each other and do not in the least interfere with each other in their movements. The water above the firmament is newly created water-like balls, which then became stronger and from the fourth day of creation shone and sparkled in the firmament (stars); and the water under the firmament is planet Earth. All this was still called water because on the second day of creation it had not yet received a durable structure and strong forms.

The beginning of the formation of the atmosphere of our planet probably dates back to this same creative period. It can also well be called “firmament”, because protects the Earth from the effects of hard cosmic radiation.

Third day of creation

Further, the earth receives such a structure that life already appears on it, although it is still only lower, namely plant life. The creative action of the third day can presumably be imagined in the following form.

The land was still a sea. Then God said: “Let the water that is under the sky be gathered into one place, and let the dry land appear; and it became so” (Genesis 1:9). The thickened and gradually cooled substance rose in some places and sank in others; elevated places were exposed to water, became dry land, and depressions and depressions were filled with water merging into them and formed seas. “And God called the dry land earth, and the meeting of the waters he called the sea: and God saw that it was good” (Genesis 1:10). But the earth did not yet possess what was the purpose of its creation: there was no life on it yet, only bare rocks looked gloomily at the reservoir of waters. But when the distribution of water and land was completed and the necessary conditions for life were formed, then, according to the word of God, the first beginnings of it were not slow to appear - in the form of vegetation: “And God said: let the earth produce greenery, grass that sows seed [by kind and according to its likeness, and] a fruitful tree, bearing fruit according to its kind, in which is its seed on the earth. And so it became. And the earth brought forth grass, grass yielding seed according to its kind [and likeness], and a tree [fruitful] bearing fruit, in which is its seed according to its kind [on the earth]. And God saw that it was good. And there was evening, and there was morning: the third day” (Genesis 1:11-13).

Fourth day of creation

“And God said: Let there be lights in the expanse of the heaven [to illuminate the earth and] to separate the day from the night, and for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and for years; and let them be lamps in the firmament of the heaven to give light on the earth. And so it became. And God created two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night, and the stars; and God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light on the earth, and to rule the day and the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good. And there was evening, and there was morning: the fourth day” (Genesis 1:14-19).

The formation of the earth is followed by the formation of the heavenly bodies. The creative command “let there be lights” is obviously equivalent to the previous commands of the Creator: “let there be light... let the water be gathered,” that is, not as the original creation, but as the creative formation of objects. So here too we must understand not as a new creation, but only the complete formation of celestial bodies.

During this period, according to the Word of the Creator, the solar and stellar systems were finally established, which already began to emerge on the second day. They did not stop developing and improving on the third day, but only on the fourth day they received their completion.

Perhaps we are also talking about the fact that on this “day” the earth’s atmosphere acquired transparency, so that the sun, moon, stars and other cosmic objects became visible through it. And for a hypothetical observer on Earth, everything looked exactly like this: “the luminaries in the firmament of heaven” appeared.

Fifth day of creation

On the fifth day of the world, according to the word of God, animals were created that lived in the water and flew in the air, that is, fish, insects, and reptiles appeared in the water, and birds flew over the earth, across the firmament of heaven. The creative command of God forms these types of creatures from the elements of the earth. In their appearance, the special educational power of the Creator is visible - a new, higher principle of life is introduced into nature, animate, voluntarily moving and sentient beings appear. By granting the blessing to newly created creatures to multiply, God, as it were, turns into their property the power through which they received their existence, that is, he gives them the ability to produce from himself new similar creatures, each according to his own kind.

Sixth day of creation

On the sixth day of the world, according to the word of God, the earth produced a living soul, and animals appeared on the earth, that is, cattle, reptiles and beasts; and, finally, God created man - man and woman in His image and likeness, that is, similar in spirit to Himself.

Just as the Lord turned to water to create fish and aquatic creatures, so He now turns to the earth to create four-legged creatures, just as He turned to it to create plants. This must be understood in such a way that the Lord gave life-giving power to the earth.

On the sixth day of creation, the earth was already inhabited in all its parts by living beings. The world of living beings was represented by a slender tree, the root of which consisted of protozoa, and the upper branches of higher animals. But this tree was not complete, there was still no flower that would complete and decorate its top, there was no man yet - the king of nature.

“And God said: Let us make man in our image [and] after our likeness, and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the air, [and over the beasts], and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing, reptiles on the ground. And God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female he created them” (Gen. 1:26-27). Here, for the third time, a creative act (bara) took place in the full sense, since man again has in his being something that was not in the nature created before him, namely the spirit, which distinguishes him from all other creatures.

Thus ended the history of creation and formation of the world. “And God saw everything that He had made, and behold, it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning: the sixth day” (Gen. 1:31). “And God finished His work that He had done on the seventh day, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work that He had done” (Gen. 2:2).

In the next period, that is, on the seventh day of the world, which, as the Holy Fathers teach, continues to this day, God stopped creating. He blessed and sanctified this day, and called it Saturday (Heb. “Sabbath”), that is, rest; and commanded that people should rest on their usual seventh day from their affairs and devote it to serving God and their neighbors, that is, he made this day free from everyday affairs - a holiday.

At the end of creation, God allowed the world to live and develop according to the plan and laws established by Him (or, as they say, according to the laws of nature), but at the same time He constantly takes care of everything created, giving each creation what it needs for life . This care of God for the world is called Divine Providence.

NOTE: See Gen. 1, 1-31; 2, 1-3.

Briefly, the days of creation can be presented in the form of a table:

1. Light, separating it from darkness

2. Visible sky, air

3. Separation of land from water and the creation of land, seas and rivers; flora: grass and trees

4. Sun, moon and stars in the sky

5. Fish and birds

6. Animals and man

In accordance with the philosophical thought of recent years, poetic language represents the most probable path to knowledge. To further confirm this thesis, below I sought to show the connection of the most ancient biblical stories with physical knowledge. Subsequently, the reader will be able to independently trace their analogy by comparing the two different cited positions.

Day 1 from the creation of the world

According to science: 15 billion years ago, inexplicably, from one infinitesimal point, a gigantic Big Bang of energy occurs, containing all the sets of possible frequencies and wavelengths.

300,000 years later the Universe is a dark cloud.

Poe: “And the darkness was greater than the edge of the deep.”

According to the science: As time passes, the temperature drops and light can spread.

1 billion years later, due to the action of the gravitational force G, galaxies, galactic blanks and superblanks appear.

According to the Bible: “And God said: Let there be light!”

Day 2 from the creation of the world

According to science: 5 billion years ago the Sun was formed, 4 billion years ago - the Earth. The appearance of a primary atmosphere rich in steam; the planet is represented by liquid magma.

According to the Bible: “And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it separate water from water. And God created the firmament; and he separated the water that was under the firmament from the water that was above the firmament. And so it became. And God called the firmament heaven..."

Day 3 from the creation of the world

According to science: As a result of magmatic release of gases, volcanism, and the action of heat released during radioactive decay, a secondary atmosphere and a stable hydrosphere - the ocean - were formed. From the substance formed under the influence of ultraviolet radiation (electroweak force), inside the ocean, where the most dangerous rays do not penetrate, the first living cells arise, the first organisms are born - chemiotropic bacteria. 3.8 billion years ago, cyanobacteria with chlorophyll appeared.

According to the Bible: “And God said: Let the waters that are under heaven be gathered into one place, and let the dry land appear. And so it became.”

“And the earth brought forth grass, grass yielding seed according to its kind, and tree yielding fruit, in which is its seed according to its kind.”

Day 4 from the creation of the world

According to science: The intensity of sunlight increases by 10% every billion years. 3.8 billion years ago, when life was born, solar radiation was 40% of what it is today.

Due to the Earth's gravity, the Moon at that time was very close to the Earth, which is why the moonlight on Earth was more intense than today. However, due to lunar-solar attraction, the length of the day increases by 1.5 milliseconds per century. 3.8 billion years ago, days and nights alternated on an approximately 4-hour rhythm. In addition, the terrestrial atmosphere, rich in methane, dust, carbon dioxide, enriched by frequent volcanic eruptions, absorbed most of the solar radiation. These conditions created a mixture of sunlight and moonlight and, mainly, blurred the line between day and night, preventing the rhythm that is physiologically required for the satisfactory development of chlorophyll function.

According to the Bible: “And God said, Let there be lights in the expanse of the heaven to separate the day from the night, and for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and for years.”

Day 5 from the creation of the world

According to science: Only after the appearance of (catastrophic) oxygen and ozone, capable of absorbing part of the most life-threatening hard ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, less intense ultraviolet radiation was able to give rise to the first species of very strong animals. However, they could only survive in the ocean, which shielded dangerous residual ultraviolet radiation. 200 million years ago, due to an increase in oxygen and ozone concentrations to levels equal to today, mammals appeared, then primates - 70 million years ago and monkeys - 20 million years ago. 1.5 million years ago, certain subcellular structures were able to resonate with special waves, the intensity and frequency of vibration of which were capable of changing the genetic code of cellular structures (in the same way that is hypothesized today for electromagnetic local transmitters and the Sun, believed to be responsible for leukemia and skin cancer).

According to the Bible: “And God said, Let the water bring forth living things; and let the birds fly over the earth, across the firmament of heaven. And God created the great fish and every living creature that moves, which the waters brought forth, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God blessed them, saying: Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters of the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.”

“And God said, Let the earth bring forth living creatures after their kinds, cattle and creeping things and wild beasts of the earth after their kinds.”

Day 6 from the creation of the world

According to science: 40 thousand years ago, the above resonant randomness may have been accompanied by very high diffusive mobility, associated with the paucity of wavelengths in the set, to allow this cell, so radically changed, to impart interactive and creative abilities.