Movement tactics in battle. Methods of movement of a soldier on the battlefield. Learning to crawl on all fours

COMBAT BASICS

Characteristics of modern combined arms combat. Methods of fighting.

Modern combat- the main form of tactical actions of aviation and naval forces, an organized armed clash of formations, units and subunits of the warring parties, which is strikes, fire and maneuver coordinated in purpose, place and time in order to destroy (defeat) the enemy and perform other tactical tasks in a certain area for a short time.

Modern combat is combined arms in nature. It is carried out by the combined efforts of all troops participating in it using tanks, infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers), artillery, air defense systems, airplanes, helicopters and other military equipment and weapons.

Combined arms combat can be conducted with the use of nuclear weapons and other weapons or with the use of only conventional weapons.

Modern combined arms combat is characterized by decisiveness, high maneuverability, tension and transience, rapid and abrupt changes in the situation and a variety of methods used to conduct it.

Decisiveness of battle consists in the desire of personnel to destroy the enemy with all available means in a short time and with the least losses and achieve complete victory. This is achieved by: comprehensive knowledge of the enemy; courage, perseverance and tenacity of personnel when performing combat missions, rapid use of the results of fire damage, as well as the results of fire from their weapons, skillful and proactive actions of all personnel.

High maneuverability expressed in rapid movements (actions) of forces and means in order to put oneself in a more advantageous position in relation to the enemy in order to strike him, combining fire with movement

Envelopment is a maneuver carried out in order to reach the enemy's flank.

A detour is a deeper maneuver performed in order to exit to strike the enemy from the rear.

Withdrawal is a maneuver used to withdraw friendly units from enemy attack and occupy a more advantageous position. It can only be carried out with the permission of the senior commander.

Tension and transience.Modern combat units conduct continuously day and night, at any time of the year, in conditions of the use or threat of use by the enemy of weapons of mass destruction, precision weapons and other weapons.

Rapid and dramatic changes in the situation in modern combat occur as a result of the use of nuclear weapons, as well as high mobility of troops

Ways to control MSO in battle.

The task of the MCO commander is to prepare the squad for battle and control the squad in battle. Exercising control in battle means maintaining units in constant combat readiness to carry out a mission, conducting reconnaissance of the enemy, making timely decisions and assigning tasks to personnel.

The MCO commander organizes the battle on the ground. Having received a combat mission, he finds out where the enemy is and what he is doing, the location of his main assets, studies the terrain, its protective and camouflage properties, conditions of observation and firing. Then he assigns tasks to the personnel and gives combat orders. After this, the squad leader organizes the preparation of personnel, weapons, and infantry fighting vehicles for battle. The most important responsibility of a commander in battle is fire control. It includes: reconnaissance of ground and air targets, selection of the type of weapon and ammunition, type of fire, issuing commands to open fire, monitoring the result of firing, monitoring the consumption of ammunition.

To control the unit and fire, common reference points are assigned and control, interaction, and warning signals are established.

The landmark is the local objects that are clearly visible and most resistant to destruction.

In battle, the MCO commander must be in a place that would provide him with good observation of the terrain, the enemy, the actions of the MCO, neighbors and signals from the platoon commander.

When attacking on foot, com. The MCO is located directly in the squad's combat formation, and when operating on vehicles in a vehicle, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers. In defense, he is in a squad position, from where it is more convenient to control. The squad leader controls the squad with commands and signals.

Fire maneuver.

The variety of targets and constant changes in the situation require the commander to skillfully maneuver fire during the battle.

Fire maneuver is the most important component of fire control; with the help of fire maneuver, fire superiority is achieved on the selected target at the given moment of the battle.

There are three forms of fire maneuver: concentration, transfer and distribution of fire.

Focused Fire

Fire from several machine guns (guns, grenade launchers, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles or armored personnel carriers) or units fired at one target or group of targets located in a limited area of ​​terrain. Concentrated fire is used on the most important target (group of targets) to destroy it with high-density fire in a short period of time.

He prepares for important areas of the terrain along the path of probable enemy movement. Fire should be brought to its highest density when repelling attacks and counterattacks against suddenly appearing dangerous and important targets at short distances.

In defense, concentrated fire from units is prepared in pre-designated areas. Concentrated fire can be fired at targets located at distances exceeding the actual range of fire of one individual fire weapon.

Fire transfer

is used in cases where the target is hit and it is necessary to hit another target, when the target at which fire is being fired is not hit, but at this time a new, more important target has appeared that must be immediately hit.

Fire distribution

This is a form of fire maneuver in which one unit fires simultaneously at several separate targets. Such a fire maneuver can find a place in all types of combat. It is advisable to provide in advance for the distribution of fire for various types of enemy actions in all types of combat.

Unit maneuver.

The maneuver of units should be simple in design. It must be carried out secretly, quickly, and strike the enemy suddenly. To do this, the offensive uses open flanks and gaps in the enemy’s battle formations, hidden approaches, and in the defense - trenches, communication passages, and terrain folds. Only if these conditions are met can one count on success in battle.

The concept of marching, pre-battle and pre-battle formations

The marching order is used on the march, when pursuing the enemy, as well as when moving units in other conditions.

It must ensure high speed of movement, rapid deployment into pre-battle and combat formations, preservation of personnel strength and conservation of vehicles and military equipment. If a unit moves in vehicles (armored personnel carriers), the marching order is a column in which the vehicles follow one after another at distances established by the commander.

7. Camouflage. The purpose of camouflage. Masking requirements.

No matter how well a soldier wields a weapon, no matter how trained a shooter he is, without the ability to camouflage he cannot be considered a trained sniper. Skillful, Varied and Continuous Camouflage Such great importance is attached to the sniper's camouflage due to the very nature of the sniper's art. A sniper on the battlefield has an advantage - he can actively operate in close proximity to the enemy, remaining invisible to him, which is achieved by skillful camouflage, and this, in turn, does not allow the enemy to destroy him.

Masking pursues not only the goal of hiding from enemy observation, but also to hide the true and show the false in order to mislead the enemy, frustrate his plans and put him at a disadvantage.

Unmasking signs by which the enemy can detect a sniper are: color, shape of clothing, movement and sounds. Their unmasking properties can increase or decrease depending on the characteristics of natural conditions (the nature of the surrounding terrain, weather conditions, lighting, etc.) and the general combat situation (calm or the height of battle, etc.) in which the sniper operates.

Different objects have different colors, which greatly affects their visibility. If objects have the same color, then they seem to merge with each other, and vice versa, differently colored objects are very different. The nature of the surface of the object is also of great importance - the same color looks different depending on whether the surface is matte (rough) or glossy (smooth). Therefore, when choosing a disguise, it is necessary to take these features into account. The camouflage spots on the camouflage suit and all kinds of artificial coverings used by the sniper should, in their outlines, resemble those local objects among which the sniper will operate. As long as the disguised sniper remains motionless, he is not noticeable; if even one careless movement is made, then it becomes easier to see him. Sounds also unmask a sniper - a shot, a cough, the clang of a shutter, the ringing of metal weapons and equipment, they intensify during periods of calm in the battle and at night. The nature of the terrain, time of year, weather conditions and lighting have a significant impact on camouflage, strengthening or weakening it. For example, in inclement weather it is easier to camouflage, as the terrain takes on a monotonous, dull appearance. At the same time, in sunny weather, everything is visible clearly and distinctly, the sun's shadow unmasks the sniper, and the metal parts of weapons and equipment, the glass of optical instruments, shine.

The main task of camouflaging a sniper in battle is to eliminate unmasking signs in order to provide himself with favorable conditions to complete the task and remain unharmed. It should accompany the sniper’s actions on the battlefield.

Ways and techniques of moving a soldier in battle

For successful actions on the battlefield, every serviceman must be able to quickly and correctly perform the “get down” (“to fight”) and “get up” techniques. In addition, he must know and skillfully apply methods of movement on the battlefield, which depend on the nature of the terrain, environmental conditions and the impact of enemy fire.

Movement on the battlefield can be done at an accelerated pace, running (at full height or crouching), dashing and crawling.

The movement to attack, as well as overcoming areas of terrain hidden from enemy observation and fire, is carried out at an accelerated pace or running.

Runs are used to quickly approach the enemy in open areas. The length of the run between stops depends on the terrain and enemy fire. The more open the area and the stronger the fire, the faster and shorter the dash should be.

Crawling is used to quietly approach the enemy and covertly overcome areas of terrain that have insignificant cover, uneven terrain and are under enemy observation or fire. Depending on the task received and the conditions for its implementation, crawling is performed on the prone, on all fours and on the side.

It is advisable to conduct classes on studying the techniques of “getting down” (“to fight”), “getting up” and methods of moving personnel in battle on an area of ​​terrain where there is soft ground, and training on rough terrain (tactical field). Improving skills in performing the techniques “lie down” (“to fight”), “get up”, and moving on the battlefield is carried out during classes in other subjects of study, especially tactical and fire training. Classes are held as part of the department.

Personnel must have standard weapons and wear field uniforms. The organization of classes is the same as when learning other drill techniques and actions.

Having arrived at the training site, the squad leader briefly explains the practical significance of the techniques being studied, and then begins to practice them.

1. Movement on the battlefield when operating on foot can be carried out at an accelerated pace or running (at full height or crouching), dashing and crawling.

2. Dashes used to quickly approach the enemy in open areas. The dash begins from a prone position at the command (signal) of the squad commander (senior combat group) or independently. Before starting the dash, it is necessary to pre-select a position that should provide protection from enemy fire. The average run length should be 20-40 steps. The more open the area, the faster and shorter the run should be. It is carried out rapidly, in the direction of the stopping place, located 1-2 m from the selected position. Before you start running, you need to carefully inspect the area and evaluate options for subsequent actions. Having reached the stopping place, you need to take a running start and lie down on the ground and roll (crawl) to the chosen position and prepare to fire. The position of the weapon when running is at the choice of the person running.

A platoon can make dashes one at a time or in sections, and a section can make runs one at a time, in combat groups or simultaneously with its entire composition.

Platoon (squad) dashes are carried out according to the commands:

one by one - “Platoon (squad, group), in the directiondashing, from the right (left, right and left) one at a time - FORWARD”;

by squads (combat groups) - "Platoon (squad), in the directiondashing, such and such (such and such) department (group) - FORWARD”;

with all the staff - "Department, in the direction such and such an object (at such and such a point), dash - FORWARD."

When running one at a time on the executive command "FORWARD" the right-flank (left-flank or simultaneously left-flank and right-flank) jumps up and, quickly running 20-40 steps, takes a pre-selected position (place for shooting), prepares to open fire and covers the movement of the second (second).

Simultaneously with the stop of the first (first), the second (second) begins to run; Having advanced to the line of the first (first) running, he takes a pre-selected position (place for shooting), prepares to open fire and covers the movement of the first (first).

The first (first), running when the second (second) stops, runs in the same way until reaching the indicated line.

When running across combat groups in a platoon, several combat groups, designated for movement by squad commanders, run simultaneously in the same way as one at a time (a maneuver group runs over under the cover of a fire group, a fire group under the cover of a maneuver group).

When a platoon runs across squads, each squad begins to move at the command of its squad commander "Department, in the direction such and such an object (at such and such a point), dash, follow me – FORWARD.” The squad personnel simultaneously jump up and, after running 20-40 steps, take a break. To resume movement, a command is given "Separation - FORWARD." The movement of squads is carried out under mutual covering fire.

Infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers) with their fire support the advancement of the personnel of their units and, using folds of the terrain, move from cover to cover.

3. Crawling are used to quietly approach the enemy and covertly overcome open areas of terrain under enemy observation or fire. As before running, before crawling, it is necessary to outline the path of movement and sheltered places to stop.

When the enemy uses “trip mines,” it is necessary to use a grapnel on a cord, which is thrown forward from a prone position and pulled towards itself, activating the fuses of the installed mines. When using a cat, soldiers of their unit should not be in the mine affected area.

Crawling is carried out on the prone, on all fours and on the side in the following order.

Upon a preliminary command, the crawler must outline the path of movement and sheltered stopping places for a break, and upon the executive command, crawl in one of the indicated ways. To crawl across a platoon and squad, the same commands are given as when moving in dashes, for example: "Platoon, in the direction such and such an object (at such and such a point), crawling to the right(left), by department - FORWARD" or “Squad (combat group), towards such and such an object (at such and such a point), crawling to the right(left, right And left) one at a time - FORWARD."

To crawl on your stomach (Fig. 1), lie firmly on the ground, take the weapon by the strap near the top swivel with your right hand and place it on the forearm of your right hand. Pull up your right (left) leg and at the same time extend your left (right) arm as far as possible; pushing off with a bent leg, move your body forward and continue moving in the same order. When crawling, do not raise your head high.

Fig.1. Crawling on your bellies Fig.2. Crawling on all fours Rice. 3. Crawling on your side

To crawl on all fours (Fig. 2), kneel down and lean on your forearms or hands. Pull your bent right (left) leg under your chest, while simultaneously extending your left (right) arm forward. Move your body forward until your right (left) leg is completely straightened, while simultaneously pulling the other bent leg under you and extending the other arm, continue the movement in the same order. Hold the weapon: when leaning on your forearms - the same as when crawling on your bellies; when leaning on the hands - in the right hand. To crawl on your side (Fig. 3), lie on your left side; pulling forward your left leg, bent at the knee, lean on the forearm of your left hand, with your right foot, rest your heel on the ground as close to you as possible; straightening your right leg, move your body forward without changing the position of your left leg, and then continue the movement in the same order. Hold the weapon with your right hand, placing it on the thigh of your left leg. 4. Movement at an accelerated pace crouching is used for covert movement through terrain with low shelters (low bushes, tall grass, ditch, etc.), along trenches and communication passages.

Run(slow, high-speed and medium speed) can be used when attacking the enemy, as well as to overcome certain sections of terrain. High-speed running at full height or crouching is used during dashes, when running out of cover towards combat and transport vehicles.

5. To stop a platoon (squad), a command is given "Platoon(department, group) - STOP" and to resume movement - "Platoon(department, group) - FORWARD".

6. When conducting operations at night and the need to hide your movement from the enemy (to achieve surprise in an attack, when conducting reconnaissance), if during movement the area is suddenly illuminated by the enemy, you must immediately stop moving and lie motionless until the end of the illumination.

7. The movement of the platoon (squad) back is carried out in the same ways as forward, on command "Platoon(department), move away on such and such a subject (at such and such a milestone), on right(left or right and left) By one (by groups, departments) - BACK".

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………..3

RESPONSIBILITIES OF A SOLDIER IN BATTLE……………………………………………...4

MOVEMENT OF A SOLDIER…………………………………………………….4

OVERCOMING OBSTACLES IN BATTLE……………………………………………………….6

OVERCOMING OBSTACLES………………………………………………………………..7

DEMASKING SIGNS OF MIN SETTING………………………..8

OVERCOMING AREAS CONTAMINATED WITH WASP PARTIAL SANITARY TREATMENT AND DEGASINATION OF WEAPONS…………………………………………………….9

CHOOSING A SHOOTING PLACE……………………………………………………………10

USING LOCAL ITEMS IN BATTLE…………………………12

CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………14

INTRODUCTION

As you know, to defeat the enemy only courage, boldness, courage is not enough. Yes, the aphorism of the great Russian commander Alexander Suvorov, “Courage takes the city,” is true, but this only happens when courage, courage, and willingness to take risks are combined with excellent knowledge of military affairs. That is why it is necessary to persistently study military affairs. The Great Patriotic War became an inexhaustible treasury of combat experience for many generations of soldiers. Soldiers of all branches of the military sought to master the combat experience gained on the battlefields and studied all the subtleties of the art of war.

Soldier science is not easy. During the Great Patriotic War, the soldier had to act in a variety of conditions: in summer and winter; day and night; make multi-kilometer marches on foot and travel for days on vehicles; fight in populated areas, in fields and mountains, in trenches and in open areas. Wherever the soldier fought and no matter what difficult conditions he had to find himself in, he always showed himself to be knowledgeable and physically resilient. An initiative fighter who knows how to outwit the enemy and use soldier ingenuity.

The combat experience gained during the Great Patriotic War is still of undeniable interest and remains relevant for soldiers and the Kazakh army.

DUTIES OF A SOLDIER IN BATTLE

The role and importance of the warrior in modern combat is very great. Victory in battle consists of the successful actions of individual soldiers, crews of tanks and other combat vehicles, crews of guns, mortars, etc. The more defeat each soldier inflicts on enemy manpower and military equipment, the higher the rate of advance of the unit in the offensive, the more stable , defense will be more impregnable for the enemy.

To defeat the enemy, it is required that every warrior perfectly knows his weapons and military equipment, masters them and skillfully uses them in battle. Each soldier must be ready, if necessary, to replace a comrade who is out of action, so knowledge of a related military specialty is mandatory for everyone.

The combat regulations of the Ground Forces impose certain requirements on a warrior in battle. The soldier must know the combat mission of the squad and platoon. During the battle, he carefully observes, and upon discovering the enemy, he immediately reports him to the commander.

In the offensive, the soldier must act boldly and decisively, in defense, stand firm and stubborn, in all cases destroy the enemy by all means and means, show courage, initiative and resourcefulness. A well-trained warrior skillfully uses the terrain, personal protective equipment and the protective properties of vehicles, knows how to quickly equip trenches and shelters, overcome obstacles, natural obstacles and contaminated areas of the terrain, perform sanitary treatment, decontamination, degassing and disinfection. He is obliged to guard and defend the commander in battle, and in the event of his failure, to boldly take command of the unit.

If you are wounded or affected by radioactive or toxic substances, you must take the necessary self-help measures and continue to perform your combat mission.

MOVEMENT OF THE SOLDIER

In modern combat, the situation changes very quickly, units have to use different methods and techniques of action. A soldier must be able to move dexterously on the battlefield across any terrain, under enemy fire, and at the same time use his weapon and destroy the enemy with fire.

When operating on foot, depending on the terrain and enemy fire, a soldier can move in various ways: at an accelerated pace, running (at full height or crouching), running or crawling. So, for example, during an attack, a soldier moves at a run or at an accelerated pace, and after throwing a grenade, he usually runs. When fighting in the depths of the enemy’s defense, all methods are used depending on the situation.

In order to get closer to the enemy under enemy fire and reach the attack line, they move in dashes in open areas. To do this, from a lying position, you must first outline the path of movement and a sheltered place for respite (rest). Then pull both hands to chest level, having a weapon in your right hand, at the same time bring your legs together, sharply straightening your arms, lift your chest off the ground, bring your right or left leg forward, quickly rise and run to the intended point. Having crossed, you need to immediately lie down on your left side and, turning on your stomach, crawl (roll) to the side. This is done in order to hide the place of his stop from the enemy, otherwise he, having taken aim in advance, can hit the soldier when he rises for the next dash.

The length of dashes should be on average 20-40 steps; With such a run distance, the enemy will not have time to fire an aimed shot.

At the line indicated by the commander, the soldier stops dashing, takes a convenient place for observation and prepares to fire in order to cover the dashing of other soldiers.

In a combat situation, a warrior will sometimes need to cover some distance so that the enemy not only does not hit him with fire, but does not even notice him. For example, when acting in reconnaissance, you need to secretly approach an enemy sentry or observer in order to suddenly attack him and destroy or capture him.

In these cases, they move by crawling. Many years of experience have developed certain techniques for this. You can crawl on your bellies, on all fours and on your side.

As before a dash, you must first outline the path of movement and sheltered stopping places for a break. It is especially advisable to use crawling over small bushes, tall grass, and in areas where there are hummocks, stumps, and individual bushes.

When crawling by any means, the weapon should be put on safety and protected from impacts and contamination, especially from soil getting into the bore.

While moving, each soldier must observe the battlefield and report to the commander when an enemy is detected.

The main task in any battle is to destroy the enemy’s manpower, firepower and military equipment. For this purpose, the soldier uses the fire of his weapons and grenades. But the enemy will also strive for the same thing.

Therefore, in order to destroy him, and to stay alive and complete the task, you must not only be able to shoot and throw grenades, but also be sure to be the first to see the enemy and forestall him in opening fire, in order to hit him with the first shot, from the first burst, constantly remembering that if you don't destroy the enemy, he will kill you.

The soldier uses fire and grenades in battle at the command of the commander or independently. Independent fire is usually carried out in close combat: in an attack, when repelling an enemy attack, as well as in the event of a surprise attack during reconnaissance or security actions. Here, high vigilance, relentless observation of the battlefield, constant readiness to use one’s weapon first, and the initiative and ingenuity of each soldier are of utmost importance.

You will have to shoot and throw grenades in battle from any position:

On the go and from stops;

Standing, kneeling and lying down;

From the trenches, from behind various shelters;

In populated areas - through windows and holes in walls, from bottom to top and top to bottom;

In the forest - because of the trees;

When operating on armored vehicles - through loopholes, etc.

The soldier must be trained in all this.

OVERCOMING OBSTACLES IN BATTLE

In a combat situation, soldiers have to overcome various natural obstacles (rivers, streams, ditches, swamps, etc.) and engineering obstacles installed by the enemy.

Units usually cross rivers and other water obstacles via permanent or specially built bridges, on ferry vehicles or on amphibious armored vehicles (armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles).

The troops have standard transport means - inflatable and wooden landing boats, ferries, boats, floating vehicles. However, it will not always be possible to use them, and sometimes soldiers will have to wade across the river, swimming mud using various available means. To do this, they must be brave, strong, resilient and savvy.

It is very important to overcome a water obstacle on the move, unexpectedly for the enemy. If you linger in front of the river, slow down with the crossing - you will reduce the pace of the advance.

And that’s all the enemy needs.

FORDING

For a military unit, especially if it has vehicles, heavy weapons, a ford must be equipped with:

Clear the approaches and river bed from obstacles that impede movement (stumps, piles, snags, stones, etc.);

Fill up deep places, holes and craters or fence them off with stakes;

Strengthen the slopes to the river and the river bottom if it is muddy;

If the current is fast, stretch a rope across the river;

Place signs on the banks indicating the depth of the ford and the features of the crossing (other units will need this data).

The soldiers cross the ford in a column one or two at a time.

If the situation allows, then by order of the commander, shoes and part of the equipment can be removed and carried on oneself.

It is useful to remember that when the water flow speed is up to 1 m/sec, the permissible fording depth for personnel is 1 m, for trucks from 0.6 to 0.9 m. The driver needs to drive the car along the ford in low gear, without shifting and without changes in direction of movement. Stopping the engine is not permitted.

Crossing by swimming can only be used on narrow water obstacles, usually with slow currents and in cases where there are no or insufficient means of crossing.

In this case, individual crossing equipment is used (swimming suits, life jackets), as well as various improvised items (boards, barrels, logs, inner tubes, raincoats and duffel bags filled with straw and brushwood). Only well-trained soldiers are allowed to swim across the river without any means at hand.

Before you start crossing by swimming, you need to unbutton your collar and cuffs on the sleeves, untie the strings of your trousers and long johns, turn out your pockets, put your boots in your waist belt, put on your duffel bag and roll and take the machine gun behind your back or put it on the roll, passing the belt across your chest. under your arms.

To facilitate the crossing and prevent drift during a fast river flow, a rope can be stretched from bank to bank. The soldiers swim, holding onto the rope with their hands, at a distance of 8-10 m from one another.

OVERCOMING OBSTACLES

In modern combat, various engineering obstacles are widely used.

Anti-tank, anti-personnel, anti-vehicle and anti-landing barriers are distinguished by purpose; by the nature of the action - explosive, non-explosive and combined.

A skilled soldier knows the techniques and methods of constructing obstacles, knows how to neutralize and overcome them. This helps him complete the task faster and more successfully.

All barriers on the battlefield are covered by fire from guns, machine guns, tanks, etc., and the approaches to them are under surveillance. This must be taken into account when overcoming them.

Places for constructing obstacles are chosen so that they are difficult to bypass and so that when the attacker tries to bypass them, he is forced to expose the sides (that is, the most vulnerable spots) of his tanks and armored personnel carriers to fire.

Overcoming obstacles in battle requires preparation. It is necessary to constantly conduct reconnaissance in order to promptly detect obstacles set up by the enemy, establish where the fire weapons covering them are located, suppress them with your own fire, and only after that make passages in the obstacles. Passages can also be made secretly: at night, in the fog, under the cover of smoke.

Minefields and separately installed mines and land mines can be detected by certain signs on the ground: hillocks with withered grass, disturbed road surface, freshly dug soil, soil settlement, wire or rope stretched above the ground, tendrils sticking out of the ground, in winter - trampled snow, traces of special vehicles - mine spreaders or mine layers.

Mine detectors or probes are used to detect well-camouflaged mines. Detected mines are neutralized. They can be blown up on the spot using bombs, but this is not always advisable, since it unmasks the actions of soldiers making a passage through the obstacles. You can also remove the mine from the ground, but this should only be done after you are sure that it is completely neutralized. We must remember that the enemy often installs mines with anti-removal elements: if you touch such a mine, there will be an explosion! For safety reasons, this method is sometimes used: the mine is pulled from its place using a “cat” (a small metal anchor with a rope), while in shelter at a distance of 20-30 m.

DEMASKING SIGNS OF MIN SETTING

Before the offensive begins, passages in minefields in front of the enemy's front line of defense can be made manually by sappers trained in this matter. There are also special devices - extended charges (hoses filled with explosives). They are shot into a minefield using a jet engine and then detonated; Under the influence of an explosion, nearby mines are triggered by detonation and a shock wave. It turns out to be a passage.

During the battle, passages in enemy minefields are also made with the help of mine trawls installed in front of the tanks. By moving and running over mines, their weight causes them to explode and thereby protects the tank and crew.

In the forest, attackers may encounter rubble, and in populated areas and in bottlenecks on roads - barricades, hedgehogs (made of barbed wire against infantry, from pieces of rails against tanks) and slingshots. Both of them can also be mined.

In a future war, the use of nuclear weapons is not excluded. This will lead to the creation of large zones of contamination, destruction, rubble and fires on the battlefield.

A warrior is obliged to study the means and methods of protection from the damaging factors of these weapons, be able to overcome contaminated areas and fight in them both on combat vehicles and on foot, extinguish fires, provide self-help and mutual assistance, perform sanitary treatment, as well as decontaminate weapons and military equipment, engineering structures and terrain areas (passages).

The method of overcoming areas contaminated with radioactive substances depends on the nature of the hostilities and weather conditions.

When operating on foot during an offensive in the summer, if the weather is dry, hot, when there is a lot of dust, as well as in the winter during drifting snow and snowstorms, you should wear respirators, protective raincoats (capes), stockings and gloves. In damp weather, after rain or snowfall, you do not need to use a respirator, since the air is not dusty, but you must wear a protective raincoat (cape), stockings and gloves.

An open contaminated area should be overcome in long and swift dashes. To stop, you need to choose places with low vegetation and without bushes. If it is necessary to dig in in a contaminated area, the soil is thrown to the side without raising dust.

After crossing the contaminated area, protective equipment is removed only at the command of the commander, having first shaken off dust from them and the uniform. It is necessary to navigate through the trees in which direction the wind is blowing, then, standing with your back to the wind, take off your protective equipment and throw it into the wind, moving back, preventing radioactive dust from getting from the protective equipment onto yourself and your comrades.

When traveling by car if there is dust in the air, wear a respirator and a protective raincoat (cape). In closed armored vehicles you can remain without protective equipment.

OVERCOMING AREAS CONTAMINATED WITH WARS.

PARTIAL SANITARY TREATMENT AND DEGASING OF WEAPONS.

During the offensive, you will have to overcome contaminated areas. Contamination of the terrain and air with toxic substances occurs as a result of the enemy's use of chemical weapons against advancing units. In some cases, he can specifically create contaminated areas in order to delay the attackers, especially in bottlenecks: at crossings of water barriers, in areas between lakes, in mountain gorges, that is, where it is difficult to find a way around. And you need to be very careful, constantly show high vigilance, so as not to be taken by surprise and not to be damaged by toxic substances.

Chemical reconnaissance is constantly carried out by reconnaissance chemists armed with special instruments (VPHR). Each soldier can also detect, by certain signs, the presence of toxic substances on the ground.

Such signs may be dried grass and leaves, oily spots on leaves, on the surface of various objects, corpses of small animals and birds. The presence of toxic substances in the air causes irritation of the nasopharynx and eyes. In addition, there is a smell that is not characteristic of the area: for example, the smell of bitter almonds - from hydrocyanic acid (at the same time, a metallic taste is felt in the mouth, burning and numbness of the tip of the tongue); the smell of rotten hay is from phosgene; the smell of mustard or garlic comes from mustard gas.

Having discovered any of these signs, the soldier immediately puts on a gas mask, reports to the commander and then acts according to his instructions.

During an offensive, units usually overcome contaminated areas in the same battle formation in which they operated before. It is better, of course, to bypass the contaminated area if possible.

But if the situation does not allow this, it is overcome at a high pace while wearing protective equipment.

During the battle, when operating on foot in an infected area, the soldier moves in long and rapid dashes. In this case, it is necessary to bypass clearly visible, heavily infested places, and choose stops for respite and firing with lower vegetation and without bushes. In all cases, you should avoid craters, trenches, and ravines where poisonous air stagnates.

You need to lie down on the left side of the protective cloak, having previously wrapped it around it.

When self-digging, the top layer of soil is thrown to the leeward side (in the direction where the wind blows). Do not raise dust or touch contaminated vegetation with unprotected clothing, equipment or exposed parts of the body.

In the event of infection with toxic substances, each soldier, without stopping the performance of his combat mission, immediately carries out partial sanitization and decontamination of weapons and uniforms on his own.

Partial sanitization involves removing toxic substances from the skin (or neutralizing them). To do this, use an individual anti-chemical package.

Degassing is the neutralization or removal of toxic substances found on uniforms, equipment and weapons.

Personal weapons (machine gun, machine gun, grenade launcher, sniper rifle) are degassed using an individual degassing package. In this case, first of all, those parts and surfaces of weapons with which personnel come into contact when performing the assigned task are processed.

After leaving the contaminated area, by order of the commander, complete sanitary treatment and decontamination of weapons is carried out. Only after this the protective equipment is removed, standing with your back to the wind, the protective equipment is removed and thrown into the wind, moving back.

SELECTING A SHOOTING PLACE

The main goal of the battle is to destroy the enemy. The main means of destroying him is fire. A soldier of a motorized rifle unit can be armed with a machine gun, a machine gun, a sniper rifle, or a hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher.

In battle, he will have to fire from any position: from armored vehicles; on foot - on the move and on the spot, standing, kneeling and lying down; from a trench, from behind cover; from the fire structure (through the embrasure).

During an offensive, when repelling counterattacks or when going on the defensive, each soldier first of all chooses an advantageous place for shooting and equips it.

This location is chosen so that the enemy can be observed and fired, and so that the soldier remains hidden from enemy observation and protected from his fire.

In open, flat terrain, it is important to quickly select or occupy the place indicated by the commander, dig a trench and immediately camouflage it.

In the forest and bushes there are good conditions for camouflage, but in order to make full use of them, you should not be located at the edge, since it can serve as a reference point for the enemy to control fire. It is advisable to choose a position in the depths, at some distance from the edge. In this case, to improve observation, it may be necessary to cut down some of the bushes (thin them out), but it is important not to disturb the natural camouflage.

In rough terrain or in the mountains, you cannot take a shooting position on a peak or on a topographic ridge. It is best to position yourself on the slope facing the enemy (on the front slope), between the top and the bottom of the height. It is advisable to use the opposite (reverse) slope for shelter. It is also advantageous to place fire weapons on it for conducting flanking and especially dagger fire.

In an open area, a soldier chooses an advantageous place for observation and shooting and, using a small sapper's shovel, digs out a trench.

In combat, self-digging begins with a section of a single trench for prone shooting. It consists of a recess in the ground 170 cm long, 60 cm wide, 30 cm deep and a parapet up to 30 cm high. For ease of shooting (elbow rest), a step 25-30 cm wide is left in the front part. In the firing sector, a longitudinal one is made in the parapet conical recess (the height of the parapet is reduced to 10 cm). An area 30-40 cm wide is left between the parapet and the edge of the excavation (it is called a berm). The groove for the machine's magazine may come off on it. A trained warrior spends about 30 minutes setting up such a trench.

Extracting a single trench for prone shooting under enemy fire is done like this: having chosen a place, you need to put the machine gun (machine gun, grenade launcher) to your right at arm's length with the muzzle towards the enemy, turn on your left side, remove the shovel from the case and, holding it by the handle With both hands, with blows towards yourself, cut the turf or the top compacted layer of earth, marking the boundaries of the excavation in front and on the sides. After this, grab the shovel and remove the turf with blows away from you, put it in front and begin to dig out the trench. The shovel must be cut into the ground with the corner of the tray, not vertically, but obliquely, the thin roots must be cut with the sharp edge of the shovel, the earth must be thrown first forward and then to the sides, so that a parapet is formed,

will serve as shelter from enemy fire and a weapon rest.

It is useful to remember that a parapet will protect a soldier from an enemy bullet only if its width is 1-1.5 m, because a bullet, when fired from a machine gun at close range, penetrates a layer of sand or earth 70 cm thick, a layer of soft clay - 80 cm. Having reached the required depth in the front part of the trench, you should move back and continue to dig so that you can cover your torso and legs.

The parapet is leveled and camouflaged so that the enemy cannot detect the trench. For this purpose, turf, grass, soil, fragments of a trench surrounding the site, and snow in winter are used.

If the combat situation allows, the soldier, without waiting for the commander’s order, deepens the trench, adapting it for shooting from a kneeling position, and then for shooting while standing.

During the passage of the trench, the warrior does not stop observing the enemy, being ready to open fire at any moment.

USING LOCAL ITEMS IN BATTLE

In battle, a warrior is surrounded by various objects. Some of them contribute to his actions and facilitate them, while others, on the contrary, hinder him and worsen the conditions of combat. And here a lot depends on the experience, ingenuity, and training of the soldier. A skilled warrior will always be able to use local items. For example, craters, ditches, various embankments and depressions, fences, stone walls and buildings can be successfully adapted for ease of firing and observation, as well as for camouflage and shelter.

The crater left by an artillery shell is an almost complete single trench; you just need to cut off one wall on the enemy’s side and, if necessary, deepen the bottom.

A ditch or ditch can easily be equipped as a trench (trench) or communication passage. To do this, they have cells for shooting from a kneeling or standing position.

When fighting in a populated area, stone buildings, fences, remains of walls, ruins, basements and lower floors of surviving buildings are widely used to protect against enemy fire. If there is time, a trench is torn off next to the fence or wall and covered from above to protect it from a collapse. The fire is fired through windows, breaches and specially constructed loopholes in walls and fences. To make it convenient to fire over the fence and throw hand grenades, you can make a platform from scrap materials.

Stone buildings in defense can be adapted to protect not only from bullets and shrapnel, but also from direct hits from shells and mines. To do this, the ceilings are reinforced with bricks and a layer of soil is poured on top. In large rooms, additional supports are installed. Buildings are stocked with sand and water to extinguish fires. Be sure to arrange at least two hidden exits from the defended building.

When defending a building, most of the firepower is located in the first and semi-basement floors. On the upper floors (attic) it is advantageous to place observers and machine gunners to fire at neighboring courtyards and distant approaches.

From the experience of the last war, there are many examples of persistent, heroic defense of individual buildings by our soldiers. Pavlov's house in Volgograd still reminds us that skilled fighters who wisely use the advantages of a stone structure, even its ruins, can successfully repel repeated attacks by superior enemy forces.

CONCLUSION

The only means of achieving victory in an armed conflict with the enemy is combat. Modern combined arms combat requires the soldier to skillfully use weapons and equipment, means of protection and camouflage, techniques and methods of action on the battlefield, the full direction of all moral and physical forces, an unyielding will to win, iron discipline and combat cohesion.
In modern combined arms combat and operations, the enemy will widely use airborne landings and reconnaissance and sabotage units, which can influence units in the areas of their location, on the march, as well as when conducting combat by reconnaissance units behind enemy lines.
The experience of combat use of special forces units in local armed conflicts indicates the need for the knowledge and skills of intelligence officers to conduct combined arms combat. Recalling various combat missions in local armed conflicts, units usually operate using armored vehicles, artillery and aviation, which significantly expands the range of special tasks performed by reconnaissance officers.

When operating on foot, depending on the nature of the terrain and the impact of enemy fire, a soldier can move at an accelerated pace or run (at full height or crouching), dashing or crawling. These methods of movement have been tested in battle.

With an accelerated step or run, areas of terrain hidden from enemy observation and not covered by enemy fire are overcome. The attack movement is carried out using the same methods. In this case, the weapon can be in a position for immediately opening fire offhand (Fig. 17) or with the butt pressed to the side.

Runs are used for covert approach to the enemy and other actions in open areas. To run from a prone position, you must first outline the path of movement and a sheltered stopping place for a break and put the weapon on safety. Then quickly rise, as when executing the “Stand up” command, and quickly run to the intended place, lie down on the ground with a run and quickly crawl to the side. This is done in order to hide the stopping place from the enemy, otherwise he, having taken aim in advance, can hit the soldier when he gets up for the next dash. The length of the run between rest stops depends on the terrain and enemy fire and can be from 20 to 40 steps. During this time, the enemy does not have time to fire an aimed shot. Having reached the line planned or indicated by the commander, it is necessary to take a place and prepare to fire to cover the runs of other soldiers with fire.

They move by crawling if the enemy is conducting aimed fire or when it is necessary to approach the enemy unnoticed and suddenly attack him. Depending on the terrain and vegetation cover, you can crawl on your bellies, on all fours, or on your side (Fig. 18). As before the dash, you first need to outline the path of movement and sheltered places for respite.

Rice. 17. Firing on the move offhand.

For crawling on your belly lie firmly on the ground, with your right hand take the machine gun by the belt near the top swivel and place it on the forearm of your right hand. Pull up your right (left) leg and at the same time extend your left (right) arm as far as possible. Then, pushing off with a bent leg, move your body forward and pull up the other leg, extend the other arm and continue the movement in the same order. When crawling, do not raise your head high.

Rice. 18. Crawling. a - in plastunsky; b - on all fours; c - on the side.

For crawling on all fours kneel down and lean on your forearms or hands. Then pull the bent right (left) leg under the chest, at the same time extend the left (right) arm forward, move the body forward until the right (left) leg is completely straightened, while simultaneously pulling the other bent leg under you, and, stretching the other arm forward, continue the movement in the same order. In this case, the machine gun should be held in the same way as when crawling on your bellies (when leaning on your hands - in your right hand).

For crawling on your side lie on your left side and, pulling forward your left leg, bent at the knee, lean on the forearm of your left hand, with your right foot, rest your heel on the ground as close to you as possible. Then, straightening your right leg, move your body forward without changing the position of your left leg, and then continue the movement in the same order. When crawling on your side, hold the weapon with your right hand, placing it on the thigh of your left leg. This method is most often used to carry ammunition and cargo on the battlefield.

The probability of injury to personnel by a shock wave depends not only on the distance from the site of a nuclear explosion, but also on where and in what position the soldier is at the time of the explosion, as well as on the ability to take protective measures in the event of a nuclear explosion.

Rice. 19. Actions in open areas following the outbreak of a nuclear explosion.

Having noticed the flash of a nuclear explosion, while in the infantry fighting vehicle, it is necessary to close the hatches, loopholes, blinds and turn on the system of protection against weapons of mass destruction. When in an open armored personnel carrier, you should duck down. When positioned on the ground, you must quickly take a nearby shelter or lie on the ground with your feet in the direction of the explosion, face down, hiding your hands under you, and close your eyes (Fig. 19).

When choosing a shelter, you should remember that the speed of propagation of the shock wave and its density along hollows, ravines, forest edges, and trenches increases significantly.

After the shock wave passes, immediately rise and continue performing the combat mission.

Movement on the battlefield when operating on foot can be carried out at an accelerated pace or running (at full height or crouching), dashing and crawling. The attack is carried out at an accelerated pace or running. Running and crawling are used to covertly approach the enemy. Before moving, personnel put their weapons on safety using the command “Safety – SET” or independently. A platoon can make dashes one at a time, in groups and in squads, and a squad can make dashes one at a time, in groups or simultaneously with its entire composition. Platoon (squad) dashes are carried out according to the commands:

- "Platoon (squad) in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line) , dashing, from the right (left, right and left) one at a time - FORWARD";

- "Platoon (squad) in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line), rushing around in groups: the first group is privates such and such, the second group is privates such and such. The first group is FORWARD.”

When running one at a time on the executive command “Forward”, the right-flank (left-flank or simultaneously left-flank and right-flank) jumps up and, having quickly run 20-40 steps, takes a break. Simultaneously with the stop of the first, the second begins to run; Having advanced to the line of the first person running across, he takes a break. When the second one stops, the first one runs across in the same way until he reaches the indicated line. The remaining soldiers of the squad are sequentially promoted in the same way.

When running in groups, several soldiers run simultaneously in the same way as one at a time.

When a platoon runs across squads, each squad begins to move at the command of its squad commander “Department, in the direction of such and such an object(to such and such a line), dashing, follow me - FORWARD". The squad personnel simultaneously jump up and, after running 20–40 steps, take a break. To resume movement, a command is given "Separation - FORWARD."

Sections, groups or individual soldiers who remained in place, as well as those who advanced after the run to the specified line (stop), support those running across with their fire.

Crawling is carried out on the prone, on all fours and on the side in the following order.

Upon a preliminary command, the crawler must outline the path of movement and sheltered stopping places for a break, and upon the executive command, crawl in one of the indicated ways. To crawl across a platoon and squad, the same commands are given as when moving in dashes, for example: “Platoon, in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line) crawling from the right (left), in sections - FORWARD.”, or “Separation, in the direction of such and such an object (to such and such a line), crawling to the right (left, right). The “lie down” (“to fight”) technique is performed by command, for example: “GET DOWN” (“TO FIGHT”) or " Private so-and-so (squad) - GET DOWN (FIGHT)".

According to the executive team it is necessary:

Take the machine gun or machine gun in your right hand, whichever is more convenient (Fig. a), maintaining a combat stance;

Take a step with your right foot forward and slightly to the right, at the same time tilt your body forward, lower yourself to your left knee and place your left hand on the ground in front of you with your fingers to the right (Fig. b);

Leaning successively on the thigh of your left leg and the forearm of your left hand, lie on your left side and quickly turn onto your stomach, at the same time slightly spread your legs to the sides with your toes outward, bend your head.

If the technique is performed on the command “Lie down”, it is necessary to place the weapon along the body with the muzzle part on the left bent arm (Fig. c), holding it with the right hand by the fore-end and the barrel lining. If the same technique is performed on the command “For battle,” then you need to take a machine gun or a machine gun, as for preparing to fire while lying down, without resting the weapon with the butt on your shoulder (Fig. d). At the command “For battle”, first place the machine gun on the bipod.

To perform a technique in divisions for three counts, the command is given: “Lie down (for battle), in divisions:

Do it - ONCE,

Do - TWO,

Do – THREE.”

According to the “do it once” count you need to take a machine gun or a machine gun in your right hand, whichever is more convenient, while maintaining a combat stance.

On the count of “do - two” take a step with your right foot forward and slightly to the right, at the same time tilt your body forward, lower yourself to your left knee and place your left hand on the ground in front of you with your fingers to the right.

On the count of “do - three”, leaning successively on the thigh of your left leg and the forearm of your left hand, lie on your left side and quickly turn onto your stomach, at the same time slightly spread your legs to the sides with your toes outward, bend your head.

Executing the “Stand up” command on the spot The “stand up” technique is performed on a command, for example: “STAND UP” or “Private so-and-so (squad) - STAND UP.” According to the executive team it is necessary:

Pull both hands to chest level, holding the weapon in your right hand, at the same time bring your legs together, look in front of you (Fig. a);

Sharply straightening your arms, lift your chest off the ground and move your right (left) leg forward (Fig. b);

Quickly get up (straighten up), put your standing leg behind you and take the machine gun in the “belt” position, and the machine gun to your leg;

Take a combat stance.

If the machine gun is in the ready-to-shoot position (on the bipod), then first stand up as indicated above, and then take the machine gun to your leg, fold it bipod and take a combat stance.

KOKSHETAU UNIVERSITY named after A. Myrzakhmetov

MILITARY DEPARTMENT

Instances ______

Copy No.______

METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Topic No. 5. Actions of a soldier in battle.

Lesson No. 4. Methods of movement on the battlefield. Choosing shelter, routes and modes of movement. Using terrain and local objects to protect against fire and observe the enemy. Choosing a shooting location.

Discussed at a meeting of the department Minutes No.___ dated “___” ________20

I give permission to use

in___________ academic year

I give permission to use

in___________ academic year

Head of the military department of the school A. Alpysbaev

I give permission to use

in___________ academic year

Head of the military department of the school A. Alpysbaev

according to the book of accounting of methodological developments No.____

G. Kokshetau

"I affirm"

Head of the military department of KUAM

Colonel ____________ A. Alpysbaev

"____"____________________20___

METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

to conduct classes in the discipline “General Tactics” with students studying (VUS - 260100) “Organization of military communications and military transportation by rail, water and air transport.”

Topic No. 5. Actions of a soldier in battle.

Lesson No. 4. Methods of movement on the battlefield. Choosing shelter, routes and modes of movement. Using terrain and local objects to protect against fire and observe the enemy. Choosing a shooting location.

Educational and educational goals:

Bring to students the rules and procedures for using terrain and local objects for protection from fire and observation of the enemy;

Explore with students how to move on the battlefield. Choosing cover, routes of movement, places to shoot and methods of movement;

To instill patriotic, moral and leadership qualities in the students being trained;

To instill in future reserve officers a sense of personal responsibility for maintaining constant combat readiness.

Time: 2 hours;

Location: classroom and training field;

Method: practical lesson;

The date of the: 2016;

Educational and material support: training weapons, posters, educational literature, interactive whiteboard, methodological development.

Study questions:

1. Methods of movement on the battlefield. Choosing shelter, routes of movement and methods of movement;

2. Using terrain and local objects to protect against fire and observe the enemy. Choosing a shooting location.

Literature:

1. Rules for the combat use of ground forces of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan, part III (platoon, squad, tank);

2. Main Directorate of Combat Training of the Ground Forces. Tactical training of a soldier, motorized rifle squad and platoon;

3. Tactics of a squad, a tank of a motorized rifle platoon and a tank platoon;

4. Collection of tasks for tactical training;

5. Tactical training manual;

6. Handbook on the organization, combat capabilities and combat use of motorized rifle units on infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers);

7. Combat effectiveness of weapons and military equipment.

Lesson leader

Lieutenant Colonel M. Syzdykov

Methods of movement on the battlefield. Choosing shelter, routes and modes of movement.

For successful actions on the battlefield, every serviceman must be able to quickly and correctly perform the “get down” (“to fight”) and “get up” techniques. In addition, he must know and skillfully apply methods of movement on the battlefield, which depend on the nature of the terrain, environmental conditions and the impact of enemy fire.

Movement on the battlefield can be done at an accelerated pace, running (at full height or crouching), dashing and crawling.
The movement to attack, as well as overcoming areas of terrain hidden from enemy observation and fire, is carried out at an accelerated pace or running.
Runs are used to quickly approach the enemy in open areas. The length of the run between stops depends on the terrain and enemy fire. The more open the area and the stronger the fire, the faster and shorter the dash should be.