Options for interfloor ceilings in a house made of aerated concrete. Floors in houses made of aerated concrete: types. Types of floors for aerated concrete

In modern construction, various types of floors are used, which differ not only in laying technology, but also in material. Today, a material such as aerated concrete is becoming increasingly popular, which is used both for laying walls and for arranging interfloor structures.

Advantages of using aerated concrete

Do-it-yourself aerated concrete floors are distinguished from similar structures made of other materials by the following characteristics:

• High level of durability. They can withstand a load of 300-600 kg/m2;
• Light weight up to 750 kg;
• Exact geometric parameters;
• Fastening system for maximum fit;
• Ease and simplicity of installation;
• Ease of transportation;
• Long operational period;
• Environmental Safety. The composition of such blocks includes cement, lime, silicon, aluminum - materials that are absolutely not dangerous to humans;
• Environmental resistance.

Types of aerated concrete floors

There are the following types of similar structures made of lightweight cellular material:

• Reinforced;
• Monolithic flooring on aerated concrete with stressed or unstressed reinforcement;
• Prefabricated monolithic structures consisting of parts such as prefabricated floors made of aerated concrete, which is reinforced from above with reinforced concrete.

Prefabricated monolithic floor

Standard products for the construction of floors of this type are manufactured at reinforced concrete factories, giving them the following overall dimensions:

1. Length – no more than 6 m;
2. Width – no more than 1.8 m;
3. Thickness – 30 cm.

The design load on such surfaces is about 600 kg/m2 and higher. To install this type of product, the strength of 2-3 builders and the help of a crane are required.

Note!
To make it easier to lift the slabs using lifting equipment, steel loops are provided on their surface.

To ensure sealing of the connection of adjacent slabs with a high level of strength, a tongue-and-groove system is used in the side faces of each product. The tightening clamp used during installation will help seal the connections as much as possible.

Note!
In order not to damage the corners or side edges of the slabs during transportation, it is advisable to use soft loading belts.

A distinctive feature of prefabricated monolithic floors is their design, consisting of standard T-shaped blocks made of aerated concrete, which are installed on reinforced concrete reinforced beams.

The reinforced frame for creating such a structure is called “Trigon” and consists of the following elements:

1. Two steel reinforcing bars located along a flat concrete part with recess into its surface;
2. The third reinforcing longitudinal rod is installed at a height of 20 cm from the lower plane of the concrete base;
3. The two lower reinforcing rods and the upper one are connected using transverse connections that form triangles.

From below, the reinforcement of this design is covered with a layer of concrete at least 3.5-5 cm thick. This thickness is sufficient to ensure the required level of heat resistance for the time specified by the regulatory documentation.

This frame design prevents the possibility of structure deflection even when the rated load is exceeded by 1.5 times.

The instructions for making a trigon stipulate the use of rods of the following diameters:

• Bottom 2 rods with a diameter of 12 mm;
• Top rod with a diameter of 8 mm;
• Longitudinal rods with a diameter of 16 mm;

The main characteristics of this beam include:

• Length – 7 m;
• Width and height - 20 cm;
• Weight – 17 kg 1 linear meter of structure;
• Maximum weight 12 kg;

Advice. If, in the process of creating a ceiling, such a product needs to be shortened or a hole drilled in it, you should use methods such as cutting reinforced concrete with diamond wheels and diamond drilling holes in concrete.

Features of installation of the structure

In order to lay a reinforced aerated concrete slab, you will need to use lifting equipment and the help of two installers and a crane operator.

Advice. In order for the surface to be of the highest quality, the supporting walls should first be leveled.

The process of laying products such as aerated concrete floor slabs contains the following features and nuances:

1. When constructing interior partitions, they should be made 10 mm below the floor level;

Advice. This requirement must be fulfilled without fail.
Otherwise, the aerated concrete floor slabs will be subject to additional loads, which will lead to the appearance of cracks on the surface.
Some practices suggest the possibility of filing the partition on site, but this process will greatly complicate the installation process.

1. The depth of support of the slabs on the load-bearing structural elements should be 1.25 mm or more;
2. Laying of products is carried out with soft slings;
3. If slabs with a tongue-and-groove fastening system are used, then upon completion of installation work the ceiling should be strengthened with a clamp, which will ensure a quality fit;
4. Before laying the panels, the walls are pre-treated with a solution;
5. In those areas of the structure where the presence of ceilings is not planned (stairs, rising communications, etc.), metal structures are installed;
6. The seams formed between units of material are treated with concrete mortar;

The photo shows the process of concreting seams

1. Along the perimeter of the structure, a reinforcement frame made of steel rod is connected in two levels;
2. Formwork blocks are installed on concrete mortar;
3. Formed as a result.

The result of such construction work will be a floor assembled from slabs forming a monolith with a uniform load distribution over the entire surface.

The price of flooring for a building made from aerated concrete slabs directly depends not only on the quality of the building material you choose, but also on the area of ​​the interfloor space and, of course, on the number of floors.

Ceilings for walls made of aerated concrete

Many people who have decided to build a house from aerated concrete blocks are concerned about the question of whether it is possible to lay floor slabs on aerated concrete?

Of course it is possible, only this process must comply with some conditions:

• The thickness of walls made of cellular material must be at least 30 cm;
• The support of the floor slab on aerated concrete should be 20 cm;
• Along the entire perimeter of the walls of the building, a reinforced concrete belt must be constructed with a thickness commensurate with the thickness of the wall and a height of 25 cm;
• The concrete belt must be reinforced.

Note!
This belt will allow you to correctly distribute the load exerted on floor slabs for aerated concrete, excluding point pressure on cellular blocks, which can result in deformation or destruction of the structure.

Finally

The ceiling, created from aerated concrete blocks, is a high-quality, reliable and durable structure. Aerated concrete is a lightweight material, so laying such a floor will not cause any difficulties. A reliable system for connecting blocks will increase and reduce the cost of finishing the ceiling surface, because The ceilings will be perfectly even.

And the video in this article will allow you to learn even more about how you can create floors from such a modern building material as aerated concrete.

The advantages of houses made from aerated concrete blocks are the short construction time. This promotes rapid housing construction, including private housing. The choice of covering the first floor of a house from aerated concrete depends on many factors: the purpose, number of storeys of the house, the possibility of using special equipment, the cost of work, the level of professionalism of the builders and knowledge of the structural features of the materials. The reliability and durability of a building largely depend on the correct solution to this issue.

Requirements for flooring for a house made of aerated concrete

A house made of aerated concrete is built no higher than three floors, since the cellular structure of the blocks has less compressive strength compared to conventional concrete. The ceiling in such buildings should be selected taking into account:

• self-gravity and floor walls, or weight load calculations;
• strength and optimal rigidity;
• sufficient degree of sound insulation;
• fire safety factor.

The resulting force on the load-bearing walls is redistributed by the ceiling. It is recommended to make a reinforcing belt for any of its types, which enhances the spatial rigidity of the building and provides protection against crushing of fragile aerated concrete.

The upper cut of load-bearing walls must be strictly horizontal; if a defect is detected, elimination can be done by erasing aerated concrete blocks for leveling.

Types of floors

The selected overlap depends on the method of execution and construction material. The following modifications are most widely used:

• slab;
• prefabricated monolithic;
• monolithic;
• based on wooden or metal beams.

Other types of flooring: coffered, brick, hipped, are structurally complex and expensive, and are not used in the construction of low-rise buildings made from aerated blocks.

Slab floor

The first floor slab is assembled at the construction site using reinforced concrete slabs or aerated concrete. The choice between them is determined by the fundamental difference in weight. Such construction is the fastest in terms of time and is not related to the seismic activity of the region. The number of slabs depends on the size of the object and the standard dimensions specified at the factory. The main thing is that the span between the walls is 30 cm less than the overlap for a support installation of 15 cm on each side and meets the standards for the maximum distance:

• 6 meters - smooth slabs;
• 9 meters - with ribbed top.

The thickness is selected taking into account the potential load, since the ceiling is a kind of rigidity disk. For a two-story aerated concrete house, a height of 12 to 20 cm is sufficient for smooth surfaces and 25 to 30 cm for ribbed surfaces.

The slabs are laid strictly along the load-bearing walls of the first floor of the same level. The construction of internal partitions takes place later. Before installing the ceiling, a distribution brick pad one brick thick is built on the top row of aerated concrete blocks. After securing the strength, the slabs are placed on the layer of cement mortar using a crane.

Advantages and disadvantages of aerated concrete floors

Advantages of flooring made of aerated concrete or reinforced concrete slabs:

• fast installation in a short time;
• durability and reliability;
• high load-bearing capacity, from 600 to 800 kg/sq.m;
• excellent heat and sound insulation due to internal voids;
• factory production is distinguished by high-quality processing of materials;
• affordable price.

The disadvantages include:

• the need for special lifting equipment;
• the presence of access roads to the house made of aerated blocks for placing large slabs;
• limiting the choice of slabs by size;
• restrictions in application when load-bearing walls are curved;
• installation experience.

To adhere the slabs, a sand-cement mortar is used or mineral wool is laid, which strengthens the thermal insulation of a house made of aerated concrete.

Prefabricated monolithic floor

The technology does not require special equipment due to the design, which allows for not the heaviest elements for covering the first floor.

The installation process consists of initially placing the beams at a distance of 60-80 cm. Between them, expanded clay or polystyrene concrete blocks are placed on the lower flanges of the beams. A formwork is formed, on top of which a reinforcing mesh is placed. The structure is poured with concrete and takes time to dry completely.

Insulation is carried out using expanded clay, expanded polystyrene, high-density basalt wool or other thermal insulation materials.

Pros and cons of the design

The advantages of the design are manifested:

• in carrying out installation without special equipment;
• excellent sound and vapor insulation;
• strength of prefabricated monolithic composition.

But building codes, unfortunately, do not include information and recommendations for this type of flooring. Therefore, its use is allowed in houses made of aerated blocks of no more than 2 floors.

Monolithic ceiling

This modification is being prepared at the site for building a house. The process is quite complex and labor-intensive, but indispensable for non-standard building shapes. The resulting flat surface and the absence of work on sealing seams attracts the choice of this type of flooring.

At the beginning of the process, it is necessary to install formwork to form a monolithic slab. Based on your financial capabilities and availability of time, you can buy ready-made inventory formwork or make it yourself from sheet materials or boards at the installation site.

Concrete for pouring the floor is prepared according to the classical scheme: three parts sand and one part cement. Add crushed stone or gravel as desired. The first layer of concrete should not exceed one third of the floor; a reinforcement cage is placed on it. Then, using the pie principle, the second filling and laying of the reinforcing mesh is done. After the third pouring of concrete, the total thickness of the floor is 15-20 cm.

Increasing the layer thickness significantly affects the overall weight of the structure. For a house made of aerated concrete blocks, these are significant parameters. When the concrete reaches approximately 80% strength, this occurs within 3-4 days, the formwork can be dismantled.

To reduce the thickness of the floor and the overall structural weight, a ribbed monolithic slab is made, which includes beams and thin concrete layers. In this case, the pressure is redistributed not to the aerated concrete walls, but to the beams.

It takes much more time to install formwork with lower sheets of profile metal, which will become the reinforcing base. This option is indispensable in rooms with large spans between load-bearing walls of up to 9 m.

Monolithic slabs do not allow self-production of concrete in small-sized mixers. The solution must be ordered in the parameters and volume for one-time filling of the surface from an organization that guarantees product quality.

Pros and cons of monolithic flooring

Advantages:

• high load-bearing capacity;
• options for non-standard configurations with geometric complexities;
• application in case of significant spans between walls over 6 m.

Flaws:

• large time costs to set the strength characteristics of concrete;
• mandatory calculation of loads on the structure;
• high cost of overlapping;
• application of equipment: mixers and concrete pumps;
• extensive preparatory work;
• strict adherence to the solution preparation technology;
• limitation of work depending on temperature conditions.

Beam floors

Floors in a house made of aerated blocks can be made using metal or wooden beams.

The first option has a low price and is popular for installing interfloor structures. The second, similar in construction technology, is very expensive due to the price of rolled metal products and the need for equipment to install heavy beams.

Heat-insulating material is placed between the wooden beams. A sheathing is installed on the beams on both sides, which, on the one hand, serves as the basis for the subfloor, and on the other, as the ceiling surface.

It should be noted that wooden beams must be treated with fire and bioprotective impregnations, and metal floor beams are subject to mandatory anti-corrosion treatment. To prevent moisture from penetrating from the concrete to the beams, a layer of waterproofing is needed.

The beam floor of a house made of aerated blocks has significantly lower load-bearing capacity, so its use is recommended in buildings with a small area and a distance between walls of up to 6 m. This is especially significant for areas with seismic activity over 7 points.

Advantages and disadvantages

Positive properties of beam technology:

• availability of installation work with metal beams and wooden floors;
• low cost.

Flaws:

• use only in two-story houses;
• shorter service life compared to concrete floors;
• the presence of restrictions due to the flammability of materials.

Any ceiling can be installed in an aerated concrete house, provided that the load on the load-bearing walls is accurately calculated. The optimal load for small buildings of 2-3 floors is when installing aerated concrete slabs. The weight, size of the slabs, average price and technological features of constructing floors with aerated concrete slabs make this choice available in mass housing construction.

In the process of building walls made of aerated concrete or foam concrete, there comes a time when you need to take care of installation of interfloor ceilings, which can be made of a concrete slab or wooden beams.

Unlike houses built of brick, when installing interfloor ceilings on walls made of gas or foam concrete blocks, it is necessary to additionally provide distribution and reinforcing belts.

In this article we will consider the installation of wooden and reinforced concrete interfloor ceilings when building a house from wall blocks.

Installation of interfloor ceilings from a monolithic slab

Many private developers, when building a house from aerated concrete or other similar blocks, use reinforced concrete slabs as interfloor floors.

These are very reliable and durable foundations, but at the same time they have a lot of weight, which must be taken into account when erecting walls from building blocks.

In order to ensure that the weight of the slab is distributed evenly and does not violate the integrity of the walls, when laying slab floors, an additional structure must be made in the form of a distribution concrete or brick belt.

Options for installing a monolithic reinforced concrete slab are shown in the figure.
In the first version, the slab rests on a concrete strip measuring 150x250 mm, located along the entire perimeter of the wall. The tape is reinforced with rods with a diameter of 10 mm and filled with concrete grade M200.

It is also necessary to leave a temperature gap of 1-2 cm between the wall and the end of the reinforced concrete slab.

To remove cold bridges, the slab and reinforcing belt are additionally insulated using extruded polystyrene foam boards, 50 mm thick.

Second option It is a masonry of red burnt brick laid in 3 rows. This is the most popular version of the distribution belt device. In this case, there is no need to construct formwork and make a reinforcement frame from rods.

But before laying the bricks, they strengthen the wall blocks with reinforcement. To do this, grooves are cut, reinforcing bars are placed in them and filled with cement mortar.

The brickwork is also reinforced with the help of a masonry mesh laid between the rows.

The monolithic reinforced concrete slab should extend 13-14 cm deep into the wall. This is quite enough for the stability and rigidity of the structure.

Wooden interfloor ceilings

Wooden construction is the most preferable option when building houses from light wall blocks. Wooden interfloor ceilings are much lighter than concrete ones, which means they put less pressure on the wall, and therefore the design will be simpler.

In addition, the price of wooden logs, taking into account delivery and labor, is significantly less than the cost of reinforced concrete slab floors. There is no need to hire an expensive crane and everything can be done without the use of machinery.

In one of the articles (link) we already talked about the construction of floors using wooden beams. In it we presented the calculation of floor beams and the installation of floors using wooden joists. Perhaps this information will be useful to you. But let's return to our topic.

As we have already written, installation of wooden floors is simpler. It is enough to make a belt of reinforcement, as is the case with concrete slabs, on which beams can be laid.

Before installation, wooden logs must be coated with antifungal compounds, and the ends that will lie on the wall must be wrapped in roofing felt or other similar material.

You also need to cut down the end part of the beam at an angle of 60 0 and lay the insulation

Between the end and the wall, it is necessary to leave a gap of 2 cm for possible thermal expansion.

Wooden logs should be laid into the wall to a depth of 15 cm.

In conclusion, we offer you a video that will be useful in the further installation of wooden floors.

Reliable and durable flooring for an aerated concrete house that meets generally accepted standards, you can make three types- this is a slab, made of metal or beams, as well as a monolithic type of floor.

What is a monolithic floor?

First, let's understand the properties of aerated concrete and the principles of constructing houses from this material.

Cellular concrete blocks are made from a mixture of lime, cement and sand, into which an aluminum-based chemical, a foaming composition, is added. Aerated concrete is made both by an autoclave method by actively influencing the solution poured into block molds using steam and pressure, and by a non-autoclave method. The gradation of its quality and price depends on this.

Such a block weighs relatively little, retains heat well, is also fire-resistant and environmentally friendly, allowing you to build a house in the shortest possible time.

Aerated concrete requires a special approach, because the cellular structure of the blocks minimizes the strength properties and the ceiling is constructed taking this circumstance into account.

It is necessary that the weight of the structure pressing on the load-bearing supports be compensated by creating the rigidity of the load-bearing walls. The reinforcement is placed at the bottom, at the top and in the center, protecting the aerated concrete blocks from the pushing effect from the ceiling. The ceiling itself is also supplemented with reinforcement.


Sections of load-bearing walls must be accurately measured for deviation from a strictly horizontal line, but if such a problem does occur, then aerated concrete makes it easy to correct the situation by sawing the material.

Monolithic slab

A monolithic floor in a house made of aerated concrete is placed on beams with different cross-sectional sizes covering the entire surface area. Its most important part is a frame with a reinforcing function. Metal rods with a small cross-section are fastened with wire into a single reinforcing system. It is this that will bear the greatest load, giving the concrete literally “iron strength.”

Concrete is ordered ready-made from companies specializing in the sale of building materials, or it is made independently. When manufactured independently, mixers of small dimensions are used, which reduces the quality of the design, since there is a high risk of mixing volumes of concrete with different composition ratios, which will create heterogeneity of pouring and reduce strength.

Attention!

In such a responsible task, poor quality filling puts people’s lives at risk, therefore do not experiment with the manual method of preparing the solution.

Prefabricated monolithic floor

You can use both the monolithic covering method and the method of covering aerated concrete using the prefabricated principle. This is a subtype of the monolithic method. It is suitable for a building consisting of one or two floors. The interfloor space is “stitched with beams” at intervals of 60 cm. Polystyrene concrete or expanded clay blocks are laid out on them, acting as both formwork and part of the floor. Concrete solution reinforced with reinforcement is poured on top and left until completely dry.

Finished slabs

Suitable if you are willing to spend a lot of money, because Both the slabs themselves and their installation are more expensive, requiring rental equipment for lifting. In terms of price, the situation becomes less burdensome if there is a factory nearby that produces such slabs, since you can order directly from the manufacturer, and the delivery budget will be quite acceptable. In this case, the project will cost even less than a monolithic one.

In what cases are monolithic and prefabricated-monolithic methods combined?

Prefabricated monolithic type ceilings impose certain regulations on the parameters of the building itself in terms of length and width, and the location of load-bearing walls.

This is dictated by the standard dimensions of the slabs and the fact that the slabs require support on supporting structures. That is, it is necessary to adjust the house plan and the arrangement of rooms in accordance with the standard dimensions of hollow-core slabs.

The support is made by the opposite sides of the slabs on the load-bearing walls. It is unacceptable to lay slabs on three walls, since this circumstance will incorrectly distribute the load on the foundation of the house, which in the case of aerated concrete is categorically unacceptable.

In overlap areas where it is not possible to place slabs, monolithic fragments are constructed. This usually happens due to the reduced area of ​​the house, or in places where the ventilation system shafts from the bathroom or kitchen area are located.

The monolithic method of creating an interfloor divider is more convenient and multifunctional; it does not limit the planning of rooms and the ratio of the length and width of the building.

Do-it-yourself ceiling

Material, tools and technique

• To work, you will need to order mixers with concrete, a concrete pump (if you need to lift the mortar to a height), and a construction vibrator for the mortar. Also, if the concrete mixture is not purchased, but is made independently, then use a concrete mixer.
• For reinforcement it is necessary to purchase special metal rods and knitting wire, and for formwork - wooden beams, boards and moisture-resistant plywood.
• For pouring, you will need ready-made concrete or its usual components in the form of cement, water, purified sand and small crushed stone 5-20 mm.

The transition from the process of erecting walls to creating a floor slab occurs at the stage of completely bringing them to the intended height. They start with formwork.

How to make formwork?

First they make formwork, which looks like huge bathtub form for subsequent filling with cement mortar. It is constructed from moisture-resistant plywood sheets and vertically installed support parts.

Instead of wooden beams, special telescopic metal tubular racks can be used as supporting elements. And instead of plywood sheets, you can take boards, laying them out according to the same principle.

Supports for the formwork are placed based on the strength that would support not only its weight, but also the concrete poured there, coupled with the weight of the reinforcement component.

So, the sequence of work on formwork for a monolith:

• Construction of supports. Here you need to check the level very carefully, since even a slight deviation in height will have a detrimental effect on the strength. Each rack assumes a load from a minimum of 300 kg to an optimal of half a ton.
• An indentation of 20-25 cm is made from the walls, a meter distance is maintained between the racks.
• Beam laying across the proposed floor slab, they are attached to the walls and sewn in those places where they come into contact with the racks to create maximum stability and stability during pouring and drying.
• The size of the beam is selected such that the concrete mass does not create a deflection in the bottom of the formwork beyond the permissible measure of 1/150 of the span.
• On the created basis lay out boards or plywood sheets, which are additionally insulated with film. The gaps between the boards can also be foamed for greater reliability.
• At the same stage, pipes for electrical wiring and ventilation are laid.
• The formwork is ready and you can proceed to the construction of the reinforcing mesh.

Requirements for fittings

• Take metal rods with a cross section from 8 mm to 10 mm.
• They make a mesh, fastening them with wire no more than one and a half millimeters in cross-section and no less than 1.2 mm.
• The reinforcement is placed on two levels - on the upper tier, creating a tensile effect, and on the lower, working on compression.
• Indentations are made between the reinforcing mesh and the formwork of 20-25 mm in order to maintain the optimal thickness of the concrete layer in these overlap areas.
• The upper tier of reinforcement should be at a distance of 100 mm from the lower one.
• The resulting gap is equipped with distance clamps with support legs.
• A rod with a cross-section of 10 mm can, if necessary, be increased by no more than 480 mm.
• Reinforcement rods in tiers are fastened according to the checkerboard principle.

How to reinforce

1. The lower part of the reinforcement is laid longitudinally, and on top of it a transverse row of rods is installed in two-meter increments.
2. The third row is again laid longitudinally, adhering to a meter step.
3. Take a wire with sufficient softness and go through all the intersections of the rods, carefully tying them together.
4. Plastic clamps are attached to the bottom layer of reinforcement at an angle of 15° at a meter distance from each other.
5. So the lower tier is filled with reinforcing mesh and after that they begin to create the upper tier using exactly the same principle.
6. Every 40 cm, the edges of both tiers are fastened with special connectors.

Pouring concrete

Requirements for strength, quality, thickness:

• It is permissible to use only high-quality concrete; usually M200 or even better materials are used. The quality of concrete is the key to the required strength of the floor.
• The thickness of the slab is calculated from a minimum of 15 cm to a maximum of 30 cm.
• Filling should not be done at temperatures below +5°C. If the situation leaves no choice, then the composition is supplemented with special additives and the solution is heated before use.

1. Mark the fill height.
2. The procedure itself takes place in one go. The full volume of concrete is continuously poured into the mold using a concrete pump. Otherwise, if poured in several stages, the ceiling will lose strength.
3. The concrete is leveled to the shape of the formwork.
4. Be sure to use a construction vibrator to remove air bubbles from the composition. You can't do without vibration work. The gravity of the concrete itself is not sufficient for the required compaction; it is necessary to subject the composition to vibration, since only in this case will it be compressed to the required standard and adhere together with the reinforcing mesh.

To fully harden and achieve peak strength, concrete is dried for 27-28 days.

After complete hardening, construction work is resumed.

Advantages and disadvantages of this type of overlap

Pros:

• The load-bearing function is many times higher in quality than when using beams.
• Freedom in building planning, both in terms of aspect ratio and building shape.
• The durable type of flooring is well suited to the specifics of aerated concrete.

Of the minuses:

• Both the work itself and the drying process take a lot of time.
• You need special equipment and technical equipment.
• An accurate load calculation is required to determine the parameters of a monolithic slab.
• The cost of the project will be significantly higher than using wood.

• To strengthen the upper part of the walls, in order to compensate for the load from the slab, a reinforcing belt is laid out, a continuous structure along the entire contour of the building.
• To check the concrete for drying, you need to put a piece of roofing felt on top and check it after a few hours. If the material from the inner part is moistened and has condensation, then the monolith is not ready yet, but if it is dry, then the hardening is complete and successful.

Having familiarized yourself with all the nuances of constructing an interfloor monolithic slab for an aerated concrete house, you can choose to take a balanced approach to the choice of roofing method, weighing the pros and cons, estimating your capabilities in terms of time and budget.

Useful video

See how the process works. A specialist will tell you what you should pay attention to:

Floors in a house made of aerated concrete are usually made using an armored belt. Despite all the unique advantages of aerated concrete, the strength of the blocks is too low to build houses from aerated concrete higher than two or three floors. The ceiling on aerated concrete walls is mounted on a designed reinforced concrete belt running along the entire contour of the enclosing walls at the plinth level, under each interfloor ceiling and under the roof. Armored belts are necessary for an aerated concrete house not only as supports for beam systems. The floors of the house carry and redistribute the loads on the load-bearing structures of the walls, and aerated concrete has the disadvantage of fragility. Supporting beams on light porous blocks can lead to local punching, therefore, regardless of the type of ceiling, reinforced belts are performed, including in order to enhance the spatial rigidity of the structure.

Requirements for floors of houses made of aerated concrete take into account the insufficient compressive strength of aerated concrete (due to the cellular structure of the blocks). The overlap should provide:

• Optimal strength and rigidity (no deflection);
• The safety factor is plus the calculated load, including forces from people, furniture and all equipment on the floor, plus the own weight of the ceiling and the walls above;
• Fire safety of the home;
• Comfortable level of sound insulation.

Types of floors for aerated concrete houses:

• Slab;
• Monolithic;
• Prefabricated monolithic;
• Beam - on wooden or metal beams.

Various types of ceilings of modern cottages, modern and expressive - hipped, coffered, arched, brick vaults and others - are too structurally complex and uneconomical for aerated block houses.

The difference between an aerated concrete house is the need for reinforced belts for any terrain, even if seismic phenomena in the construction area are completely excluded. The beam floor, regardless of the material of the beams, is always equipped with an armored belt. The first stage of installing an armored belt is to verify the exact horizontality of the upper cut of the load-bearing walls, which is unrealistic in practice. All defects are eliminated by erasing the aerated concrete material until completely leveled, then the overlap is carried out according to technology.

Interfloor ceilings in a house made of aerated concrete

Any type of overlap is possible, subject to load calculations. The optimal floor for an aerated concrete house is considered to be a similar floor made from factory-made autoclaved aerated concrete slabs. But classic wooden beam floors are still more popular.

Floor slabs in aerated concrete house

The difference in the mass of traditional hollow and ribbed reinforced concrete slabs with aerated concrete slabs also determines the choice. For quick construction of a house, a prefabricated floor is optimal if the following conditions exist:

• You can drive up to the construction site, drive up special equipment, there is an area for storing slabs;
• The house's plan is simple - without curved walls, which are possible for aerated concrete block masonry, and the spans are up to 6.0 m.

The slabs are mounted along the reinforced belt (options for brick cushions under the slab floor are possible if calculations are available). The slabs are sealed with cement-sand mortar, the ends of the ceiling are thermally insulated.

Monolithic ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete

A complex and labor-intensive monolithic floor is justified for unique buildings made of aerated concrete, complex in plan and/or with curved walls. Concrete is made using lightweight aggregates (polystyrene, vermiculite), reinforced frame, usually at least two meshes - lower and upper. High-quality formwork for the ceiling is also required, preferably inventory formwork. Homemade formwork from boards and panels requires control of deflection and careful insulation, and is usually used locally, in small, difficult areas. The total thickness of the floor is 150-200 mm, depending on the span, and each cm of thickening will greatly affect the overall load on the aerated concrete walls.

Professional calculations for monolithic floors are a prerequisite. In addition, in order to reduce and redistribute loads, the design is changed: not a flat floor, but a ribbed one - with beams and thin layers of concrete pouring. But this option is closer to a monolithic beam floor, since the forces are absorbed by the ribs-beams. The formwork is permanent and includes reinforcing metal profile sheets. Concrete pouring must be continuous, cold joints are excluded. As for the labor intensity of manufacturing such a ribbed monolithic floor, it is considerable, as is the cost, but for long-span cottages (9.0 m or more) this expensive type of non-standard floor is quite justified.

Advantages of monolithic floors:

• In terms of bearing capacity, it is more than sufficient;
• You can cover any span, configuration, even fancy buildings;
• For a span of more than 6.0 m, when additional columns or racks are not planned, a monolith is the only solution.

The disadvantages of monolithic concrete floors include:

• The long process of concrete hardening and strength gain is at least 28 days. We are no longer talking about quick construction.
• Load calculations are an indispensable condition, and qualified and accurate.
• You can’t do without special equipment and custom-made ready-mixed concrete of high quality. Automixers, concrete pump, equipment for vibrating concrete - a significant increase in construction costs.
• Constant monitoring of the concrete strengthening process, care and creation of heat and humidity conditions. Whether in cold weather or in the summer heat, a thin monolithic ceiling in a private construction environment is extremely costly both in terms of finances and labor. The optimal time for construction in the middle zone is late summer, early autumn.
• The resulting high cost of overlapping.

Beam floors

A house made of aerated blocks, which has a standard configuration and distances between load-bearing walls of up to 6.0 m, is traditionally covered with beams with flooring - metal or wood. Rolled metal for beams is quite an expensive material and requires careful anti-corrosion treatment, and the installation of heavy profiles requires special equipment. Therefore, a wooden beam floor for a house made of aerated concrete is still the leader among private builders. An important advantage of wooden floors is the possibility of independent work.