Video: Modernized Kalashnikov assault rifle - AKM. The most famous assault rifle in the world is the modernized Kalashnikov assault rifle (AKM)

Natascha 05-03-2011 09:56

Actually, the question is in the title, preferably with a fuse in different positions. Thank you!

Natascha 05-03-2011 12:10

Thank you! It seems to me, or there is some kind of urge from the translator/fuse to continue the trigger, why I ask, in the mmg AKM of the Balakleyevsky deactivator I can’t understand whether the trigger is deactivated or not, when the trigger is pressed, if you pull the shutter several times, the trigger is released only once, when you press it again when jerking, the trigger remains cocked (to “release” you need to release the trigger and press it again) both on OD and AB, maybe I’m doing something wrong?

PatriotRF 05-03-2011 12:31

Most likely the usm is deactivated, especially since it is rarely placed where and when it is intact. You post a photo, it will be visible there.

gallak 05-03-2011 12:51

Natasha
everything is simple - in "Balakleya" they cut off the tail of the sear of one fire, the safety feather in AB mode must hold it, then the trigger will not stop at the clasps, but will be released when the bolt frame passes the self-timer feather. here is a drawing from the NSD.
Alternatively, the tail of the sear can be whole, and a cutout is made on the translator's feather.

gallak 05-03-2011 14:47

No, it’s not the fuse on your AK that’s cut off, it’s the sear,
In your photo I show the missing “piece” in green.

Natascha 05-03-2011 18:19

I see. Thanks! Where can I get a whole one, and will it be legal?

PatriotRF 05-03-2011 18:59

Natascha Happy 8th of March! And regarding the usm, you can often get it on the forum, but most likely you don’t need the whole usm, you just need the sear, especially since the usm costs 3500-4000 rubles. I can’t say for sure whether it’s legal or not, but in general the usm is not the main part of the weapon.

Natascha 05-03-2011 19:19

>Natascha Happy 8th of March!
Thank you!
I apologize for stupid question, how realistic is it to get the sear out of the usm, otherwise that’s how everything is arranged there, would you like to put it back together later?

gallak 05-03-2011 19:30

to Natascha

quote: Where can I get a whole one?

On the topic, it’s easier for you to go to the section “purchase and sale - spare parts, components”
Here's an example (the first thing I found) -

the topic is called AKM, AK74 sear - 400r costs 400 rubles
http://img.allzip.org/g/85/orig/4298872.jpg

quote: and will it be legal?

Replacing the sear is not dangerous - the trigger in your layout is already “sawed” accordingly. the entire trigger is deactivated, and the fact that the layout will correctly imitate the “AB” and “OD” modes is not a violation of the Law even in the Russian Federation (by the way, the layout of the AKM “Balakleya” itself is not very “legal” according to the latest trends)

gallak 05-03-2011 19:34

Ahead of PatriotRF - while I was typing up the detailed answer.
on disassembly/assembly, take a look at the “literature” - download the NSD (Manual on shooting business AKM) - described there. True, if you’re not used to it, the first time can be difficult.
P.S. - Do you have a model specifically for AKM or AK74?

Natascha 05-03-2011 19:51

>to Natascha
I join PatriotRF - Happy New Year

Thank you! I have the AKM. Regarding legality, I know, well, what should I do, I don’t even want to take IzhMech models for free. Thanks for the links!

gallak 05-03-2011 20:33

By deactivation-
Let them weld the place on your model where the barrel connects to the receiver (remove the forend) - then the box will also be 100% deactivated.

quote: exactly AKM

What did I ask, the AK74s have a tubular axle, with which it is easier to assemble the trigger, the AKM had a special one in the accessory case. short additional axle. Otherwise, you’ll be able to disassemble the trigger, but it’s unlikely to be assembled the first time

Natascha 05-03-2011 20:35

Thanks for the idea!

PoMMeJIb 05-03-2011 21:45

It’s interesting that the AKM and 74 triggers are interchangeable? Externally they are different!

PoMMeJIb 05-03-2011 21:49

By the way, are USM 47 different from AKM? I apologize for getting into someone else’s topic) but I also need to assemble a whole AKM trigger!

Natascha 05-03-2011 21:56

The AKM has a trigger retarder added to the trigger, but it doesn’t seem to be any different.

Natascha 06-03-2011 08:56

>AKM had a special one in its accessory case. short additional axle.
Otherwise, you’ll be able to disassemble the trigger, but it’s unlikely to be assembled the first time

Yes, there is a punch in the pencil case, I read the instructions according to Art. It seems clear, why is it difficult to assemble without it the first time?

gallak 06-03-2011 13:00

quote: Are AKM and 74 USMS interchangeable?

Almost Interchangeable - there is such a term.
except for subtle differences in size (more technologically caused)
the main difference is in the additional tubular axis on which the initial assembly is made - a retarder, a trigger, a fire sear, two springs. the corresponding diameter of the hole in the hook and other parts of the AK74s is larger than that of the AK47, AKM - if you install only the 74th hook on the AKM, for example, it will “dangle” on the axle. If you supply ALL the parts, everything will be OK.

For an AKM without a tubular axle (and in the absence of a pin in the case for assembling the trigger), because in the AKM this whole “kitchen” was assembled not on a drift but on a short additional axle in the NSD it is called a “pin” and it turns out -

quote: Why is it difficult to assemble without it the first time?

P.S. I also advise that when removing/installing the trigger with a mainspring, secure the spring’s mustache, thrown behind the trigger, with something (I use the so-called “elastic band for money”) - otherwise you can get very painful on your fingers.

Natascha 06-03-2011 16:31

Thanks for the photo!
>You can’t imagine how small springs from AK “can fly”
P.S. I also advise that when removing/installing a trigger with a mainspring, secure the spring’s mustache, which is thrown behind the trigger, with something (I use the so-called “elastic band for money”) - otherwise you can get very painful on your fingers.

Thank you, I'll take it into account!

PoMMeJIb 06-03-2011 19:26

quote: Otherwise it can be very painful on your fingers.

Well, I haven’t received much current so I’m not used to it))) but thanks for the warning!

By the mid-50s of the XX century, in the system small arms There was great discord in our army. In service as sniper weapons consisted of the legendary Mosin rifle; a repeating carbine of the 1944 model and a self-loading carbine were used as individual small arms SKS-45, submachine guns PPSh-41 and PPS-43, RPD, as well as an assault rifle, now traditionally designated as AK-47 . ABOUT This designation is very conditional, since in official sources it was simply called AK or Kalashnikov assault rifle mod. 1947 Despite the excellent performance characteristics, reliability and ease of maintenance, AK-47 was expensive to produce: the cost of one copy with a milled receiver and wooden parts made of birch plywood in 1954 was 676 rubles. This circumstance slowed down complete replacement automatic machine of older models.
In 1953 Main Artillery Directorate issued tactical and technical requirements and organized development work to create a new unified rifle complex for the Soviet army, consisting of an assault rifle and a light machine gun. A prototype of the machine gun was to be submitted to this competition. TKB-517 designed by German Korobov, superior AK-47 in terms of accuracy of fire, as well as lighter and cheaper to produce. This forced Izhevsk residents to think about modernizing their brainchild. Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov. In January-February 1957, the first comparative field tests of experimental light machine guns and light platoon machine guns were carried out. At that time, no one even guessed that this would take more than a year of work and only after the third comparative tests would the leader be finally determined. Light machine guns designed by Kalashnikov, Korobov, Konstantinov and Degtyarev-Garanin were submitted for testing simultaneously with machine guns. The Kalashnikov and Konstantinov machine guns had magazine-fed cartridges, the Korobov and Degtyarev-Garanin machine guns had a belt feed from a cartridge box with a belt of 100 rounds from the standard RPD platoon machine gun, which was in service at that time. In addition, the Korobov machine gun cartridges, when the receiver was removed, could be supplied from the machine gun’s standard magazine. AK-47.


Korobov light machine gun

Konstantinov assault rifle

: 1 - channel for shutter; 2 - safety ledge; 3 - protrusion for lowering the self-timer lever; 4 - protrusion for bending receiver; 5 - handle; 6 - figured neckline; 7 - groove for the reflective protrusion; 8 - gas piston.

AKM gas piston unscrewed from the bolt carrier

The bolt frame moves in the receiver along two side guides, while the design of the assault rifle provides large gaps between the moving parts of the automation and the receiver, which ensures reliable operation of the automation even with very heavy contamination inside the weapon. Also, the reliability of the automation under difficult operating conditions is ensured by a gas engine with obviously excess power, which made it possible to abandon the use of a gas regulator, thereby simplifying the design of the weapon, as well as its operation. However, these decisions also led to an increase in recoil and vibration of the machine gun when firing, reducing the accuracy and accuracy of fire, as well as reducing the service life of its receiver, against the rear wall of which the massive bolt frame hits. The barrel bore is locked by turning the bolt onto two lugs, which engage with the elements of the liner on the receiver. The rotation of the shutter is carried out by the interaction of its protrusion with a figured groove located on inside bolt frame. The guide rod, its base and the return spring are made in a single assembly. The base of the guide rod serves as a latch for the receiver cover.

The receiver of the machine gun is made by stamping from a sheet of steel with a milled insert riveted in its front part. For early machines AK-47 the receiver was made using a combination of milled and stamped elements, while for serial ones it was completely milled. Milled and stamped receivers differ externally in the shape of the recesses located above the magazine well. On a milled box AK-47- these are long rectangular recesses, and on them there are small oval stampings. The bolt cocking handle is located on the right side of the receiver, is made of a single part with the bolt frame and moves with it when firing. The fire mode switch fuse is made in the form of a long stamped lever located on the right side of the receiver and has 3 positions: the top one is “fuse”, the central one is “automatic fire” and the bottom one is “single fire”. Being in the top position (“safety”), the translator closes the slot on the receiver, preventing dust and dirt from getting inside the weapon, blocks the rear movement of the bolt frame, and also blocks the trigger. The ridge of the butt was raised upward, ensuring a reduction in the “tossing” of the machine gun when firing, and for serial ones the pistol grip began to be made of plastic. Additional cavities were made inside the butt in order to reduce its mass.

AKM ballistic data

Firing range, m	Final bullet speed, m/s	Flight time of the bullet, s	Bullet energy, kgm
0	715	0	207
	623	0,15	157
	537	0,32	117
	459	0,52	86
	391	0,76	63
	334	1,04	47
	304	1,35	37
	284	1,69	32
	266	2,05	29
	250	2,43	26
	235	2,84	23
1100	220	3,27	19,5
1200	206	3,74	17,1

The modification of the machine gun for the Airborne Forces had a folding stock made of stamped steel profile. Such a butt was folded down and forward in such a way that the back part of the butt was “laid” under the forend of the machine gun. Accessories for these machines were stored separately. The wooden pistol grip lasted longer than on the AKM - the original plastic grips, unprotected from mechanical influences when the butt was folded, did not have sufficient service strength. The landing version of the assault rifle - AKMS - has a steel folding butt, which is structurally different from the AKS-47 butt by the presence of recesses and rivets.

PKK

Kalashnikov light machine gun PKK was adopted Soviet army in 1961. By device PKK almost similar to a machine gun, most of their units and parts are interchangeable. The main differences are the elongated heavy barrel and the presence of a folding bipod. The 590 mm long barrel made it possible to increase the effective firing range to 800 m. Increasing the thickness of its walls made it possible to conduct more intense fire.


The bipod has improved accuracy when shooting from a rest position. To increase the combat rate of fire, the capacity of the sector magazine was increased to 40 rounds. A disk magazine was also developed, which is now called a tambourine. Its capacity was 75 rounds. For ease of shooting from a machine gun, the butt was made in the shape of a butt RPD, and to take into account the influence external conditions machine gun shooting accuracy PKK equipped with a moving whole with a lateral correction mechanism. With replacement of SKS-45 carbines modernized automatic machine AKM, and a light machine gun RPD on PKK automatic weapons in the squad-platoon link have become completely unified in terms of cartridge and system. Wide unification of components and parts of a light machine gun with those already mastered has greatly simplified production PKK, its study in the troops.

SVK

In addition to the AKM and RPK, Kalashnikov also developed a sniper rifle, designated SVK. The Kalashnikov sniper rifle was created in two versions. The first sample had a buttstock with a semi-pistol neck and a cheek piece on its left side. The barrel lining completely hid the gas mechanism of the rifle. The second version of the rifle was created for the purpose of maximum unification with the Kalashnikov assault rifle currently in service. It had a similar AK stock, pistol grip fire control and forend. The design of the receiver and receiver cover, as well as the safety lever and open sights, also repeated the details of the famous machine gun. The rifle was actually an enlarged Kalashnikov assault rifle, modified for a more powerful 7.62x54 mm R cartridge, with a trigger that allowed only single fire. The firing mode switch fuse is located on the right side of the receiver. Food comes from a replaceable sector-shaped box magazine with a capacity of 10 rounds. The short receiver cover and grooves in the front of the bolt frame made it possible to equip an attached magazine from a clip. There is a mounting bracket on the left side of the receiver optical sight. The 1959 Kalashnikov rifle had a split stock, which included a wooden butt, fore-end and receiver lining. However, unlike a machine gun and a machine gun, sniper rifle lost in the competition to the Dragunov system.

We present to your attention the Trigger Mechanism (Trigger Mechanism) for the AKM assault rifle. Parts are not sold separately.

A little about the lot:

The trigger trigger is hidden in the receiver; cocking is possible only by pulling the bolt frame back. The trigger has three sears: the first, made integral with the trigger, keeps the hammer cocked when the trigger is released; the second (single-fire sear) holds the trigger when the trigger is pressed in single-fire mode. Due to this, a disconnector is not required; the third (self-timer sear) in automatic fire mode holds the trigger until the bolt closes; release from this sear is ensured by the bolt frame when it reaches its extreme forward position. To reduce the rate of automatic firing, the movement of the trigger after release is somewhat slowed down by a special part - a retarder. The mainspring is spiral, the firing pin is located in the bolt channel. The safety, combined with the fire mode translator, blocks the trigger and limits the movement of the bolt frame.

By 1959, the AK was modified based on operating experience, and in 1959 the AKM assault rifle was adopted - the Kalashnikov Modernized assault rifle, which was distinguished primarily by an all-stamped receiver of lighter weight, a raised butt and a modified trigger mechanism, into the design of which a retarder was introduced trigger release (sometimes mistakenly called a fire rate retarder). Along with the AKM, a new bayonet-knife was also adopted, which had a hole in the blade, which made it possible to use it together with the sheath as wire cutters. Another improvement that appeared in the AKM was the introduction of a muzzle compensator that screws onto the threads on the muzzle of the barrel. Instead of a compensator, a PBS-1 muffler can be installed on the barrel, which requires the use of special “US” cartridges with subsonic bullet speed. AKM can be equipped with 40 mm underbarrel grenade launcher GP-25. Sights AKMs received markings of up to 1000 meters instead of 800 meters on the AK-47 (in any case, shooting from AK/AKM at a range of over 400 meters is practically a waste of ammunition).

The basis of the AKM automation is a gas engine with a long stroke of the gas piston. The leading element of the automation is a massive bolt frame, to which the gas piston rod is rigidly attached. The gas chamber is located above the barrel, the gas piston moves inside a removable gas tube with a barrel lining mounted on it. The bolt frame moves inside the receiver along two side guides, and the design provides significant gaps between the moving parts of the automation and the stationary elements of the receiver, which ensures reliable operation even with severe internal contamination of the weapon. Another aspect that contributes to the reliable operation of automation in difficult conditions is the obviously redundant normal conditions gas engine power. This makes it possible to dispense with the gas regulator, and thereby somewhat simplify the design of the weapon and its operation. The price of this solution is increased recoil and vibration of the weapon when firing, which reduces the accuracy and accuracy of fire. The barrel bore is locked by a rotating bolt on two massive lugs that engage with the elements of the receiver. Rotation of the bolt is ensured by the interaction of the protrusion on its body with a shaped groove on the inner surface of the bolt frame. The return spring with the guide rod and its base are made as a single assembly. Rod base return spring also serves as a latch for the receiver cover. The cocking handle is integral with the bolt frame, located on the right side of the weapon and moves when firing.

The AKM receiver is stamped from a steel sheet, with a riveted milled insert in the front part. In early AK assault rifles, the receiver was a combination of stamped and milled elements, while in serial AK-47s it was entirely milled. At first glance, a milled receiver and a stamped one can be easily distinguished from each other by the shape of the recesses above the magazine receiver. On an AK-47 with a milled box, these are fairly long milled rectangular recesses; on an AKM, these are small oval-shaped stampings.

The AKM trigger mechanism (Trigger Mechanism) is trigger-type and provides single and automatic fire. The selection of fire modes and activation of the fuse is carried out by a long stamped lever on the right side of the receiver. In the upper position - “Fuse” - it closes the slot in the receiver, protecting the mechanism from dirt and dust, blocks the rear movement of the bolt frame, and also locks the trigger. In the middle position, it blocks the sear of a single fire, providing automatic fire. In the lower position, the single-fire sear is released, providing single-shot fire. The AKM USM, unlike the AK-47, has a trigger retarder (sometimes mistakenly called a rate of fire retarder), which, during automatic fire, delays the release of the trigger after the self-timer is activated for several milliseconds. This allows the bolt carrier to stabilize in its forward position after it has come forward and possibly bounced back. This delay has virtually no effect on the rate of fire, but improves the stability of the weapon.
The muzzle of the AK and AKM table has a thread, usually covered with a protective sleeve. This thread can be used to install a device for silent shooting PBS or PBS-1, colloquially – a muffler. Together with PBS, special “US” cartridges are used with a reduced to subsonic initial speed heavier bullet. For the AKM, in addition, a muzzle compensator was introduced in the form of a spoon-shaped protrusion on the muzzle sleeve. This compensator is designed to reduce the upward movement of the barrel due to the fact that the powder gases escaping from the table press on the compensator protrusion, creating a force that counteracts the upward movement of the barrel due to the vertical recoil shoulder. It should be noted that when conducting aimed fire with single shots, such a compensator plays a purely opposite role, slightly worsening the accuracy of fire and increasing the dispersion of bullets due to the uneven impact of gases on the bullet at the moment it leaves the barrel. But, since, according to the technical specifications for the AKM, the automatic fire mode is the main one, this property of the compensator can be neglected, and if necessary, simply remove it from the barrel.

The table above shows data on the basic modification of the AKM assault rifle with a fixed wooden butt without a bayonet and with an attached empty magazine.

Modernized automatic carbine (automatic) of the Kalashnikov system - AKM.

In fact, the weapon called AKM is a deep modification of the flawed design of the original AK47. The operation of the automation and the main elements of the layout do not differ from the same AK47, you can read about this in our catalog article describing the AK47.

The legendary reliability of Kalashnikov assault rifles is explained by very large tolerances during assembly and, accordingly, wide gaps between the moving parts of the weapon. But this same point is one of the reasons why the machine gun has low combat accuracy, although this parameter The modified AKM is significantly superior to the AK47. It’s worth noting right away that the AK47 should not be confused Soviet made with an AK-47 produced in American arms factories and factories in other countries. Here we will talk about Soviet AKM assault rifles of the 1959 model.

Much has been said in the article about the AK47, so we will not repeat it; about the operation of the automation and some other points that remain unchanged, read the description of the AK47.

Separately, it is worth considering the shutter of the machine gun. The bolt is located in the bolt frame and rotates by interacting with the frame bevel, which, when the bolt frame moves back and forth, causes the bolt to rotate in one direction and the other. When locking the barrel bore, the bolt rotates clockwise and enters with two lugs located in its front part into the corresponding grooves of the receiver located in front of the chamber (lugs), after which the barrel is securely locked. When the bolt frame moves back, after a shot or when the bolt is pulled manually, the bolt turns in the opposite direction and the lugs come out of the grooves, as a result of which the barrel is unlocked and the bolt along with the bolt frame moves back. This principle of a rotating bolt, locking the barrel bore with two lugs, was borrowed by Kalashnikov from American rifle M1 Garand. Actually, most of the positive design solutions of the AK were borrowed, and the main feature of the Kalashnikov is the bolt frame, rigidly linked to gas piston, was borrowed from the Bulkin assault rifle, which was a competitor to the AK in testing. From the same Bulkin assault rifle, such a solution was borrowed as a protrusion on the back of the return spring guide as a latch for the receiver cover, as well as the very location of this guide and the principle of locking the receiver cover. In addition, a number of design solutions were borrowed from other weapon systems, and there is nothing reprehensible in this, because the result was a fairly reliable machine gun. Another issue is authorship, but there was no such thing as copyright in the USSR at that time.

From 1949 to 1959, the AK47 production process underwent a lot of changes and the machine itself became completely different, both in its combat characteristics and in terms of manufacturability. These changes were changes in better side. And in 1959, after passing the tests, the modernized Kalashnikov assault rifle, the famous AKM, was adopted for service. A decade of hard work by the country's best personnel was not in vain, the machine gun became lighter, the accuracy of combat increased significantly, the overall cost of production decreased, and all operational characteristics became better.

The efficiency of firing bursts from the AKM has significantly increased compared to the AK47. One of the main reasons for this was modernization firing mechanism. A trigger retarder was introduced into the trigger. In automatic fire mode, after locking the barrel with the bolt, the AK47’s self-timer immediately went off. The retarder in the AKM USM delayed the self-timer by a fraction of a second, which allowed the bolt group to stabilize after the shot and more reliably return to its original position before releasing the trigger again, that is, the self-timer was essentially delayed. The result was a significant increase in the accuracy of burst fire. The improvement also affected the reduction in the weight of the weapon. Many parts began to be made by stamping, the pistol grip became plastic, and plastic magazines appeared. In the early sixties, the AKM began to be equipped with a muzzle brake-compensator, which was a cylinder cut at an angle, which significantly reduced barrel toss, which also had a positive effect on the efficiency of automatic fire, especially the vertical dispersion of bullets decreased.

Muzzle brake-compensator on the AKM barrel.

For better stability of the machine gun when firing in bursts, the comb of the AKM butt was raised closer to the axis of the barrel, which also had a positive effect on the accuracy of automatic fire. A new bayonet-knife was developed for the AKM, which became more functional, for example, it became possible to turn the bayonet-knife into cutters for barbed wire, and a file appeared on the butt of the knife.

AKM with an attached bayonet from the first years of production.

AKM assault rifle diagram.

Samples of the machine appeared to solve different problems and for different departments.

The AKMS assault rifle with a folding stock was originally intended for the Airborne Forces, for the crews of combat vehicles and for other units where the compactness of the weapon is important.

In the AKMS photo you can see the muzzle brake-compensator mentioned above from a different angle.

Variant of the machine with a bar " dovetail» for mounting the night vision sight bracket on the left side of the receiver - AKMN with an installed night sight.

There is also an AKMSN variant, which combines a folding stock, like on the AKMS, and a side rail for installing an additional sight, like on the AKMN.

All modifications of the AKM assault rifle can be equipped with GP-25 Koster underbarrel grenade launchers of 40 mm caliber. If the machine is equipped with a grenade launcher, the AKM is also equipped with a special latch for the receiver cover with a guide rod for the return spring, otherwise when firing from the GP-25 there is a risk of the cover breaking off. In addition, the kit includes a removable rubber butt pad-shock absorber, since a shot from an under-barrel grenade launcher produces strong recoil.

An AKM with a GP-25 under-barrel grenade launcher installed and a rubber butt plate put on the butt, popularly called a “galosh.”

The AK47/AKM family of assault rifles has become widespread throughout the world; according to conservative estimates, more than 100 million units have been produced. Many countries in their territories have produced and are producing their own versions of this machine gun, and some of them, according to experts, are superior to Soviet models in all respects. Based on the AKM design, many various models weapons on all inhabited continents.

Egyptian army soldiers with their domestic Misr assault rifles (similar to AKMS, but the butt folds sideways to the right side).

The main positive distinctive features The AKM assault rifle is unpretentious and exceptionally reliable in any conditions, all this has glorified the Kalashnikov brand throughout the planet. It was the AKM that became an iconic weapon. But the accuracy of fire from the AKM, although it was significantly better than that of the AK47, was still at the lowest limit in comparison with other types of automatic small arms in the world. Even when firing single shots, effective fire could be carried out at relatively short distances for this class of weapon, but as a means of fire suppression, the AKM is an excellent machine gun. Moreover, with certain skills, it can confidently hit the enemy at a distance of up to 300 meters in automatic fire mode, in short bursts. In addition to standard 30-round magazines, which were made from light alloys and high-strength polymers, the AKM, like its predecessor the AK47, can be loaded with magazines from light machine gun Kalashnikov (RPK) with a capacity of 40 rounds.