Revenue and other income. Accounting for other income and expenses. Why other income is an important component of the income statement

Other means those not directly related to the main activities of the enterprise. These expenses and incomes are very important within the general business practice of the company; they cannot be avoided, despite the fact that they are auxiliary. Accountants often find it difficult to attribute financial results to the correct balance sheet item. Today we’ll look at other income and expenses.

Others – what are they?

The connection between costs and profits with the main or “other” activities of the organization can be traced based on data from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities extract. This document sets out the types of activities of the company indicated as the main ones during registration. If costs or receipt of money are not associated with the conduct of these particular types of activities, they should be attributed to accounting other things.

Other income: definition

Chart of accounts 9/99 “Income of the organization” regulates the assignment of finances to certain items. Chapter 3 “Other receipts” provides an open list of incoming funds for this purpose. Accountants usually consider these to include:

• funds received as a result of the sale of fixed assets;
• interest on loans provided to the organization;
• proceeds transferred free of charge;
• funds paid due to damage (for example, from insurers);
• losses from previous years;
• differences in exchange rates;
• irrecoverable accounts payable.

NOTE! The list is open - you can include in it other financial receipts that meet the “other” purpose. They must be provided for in the accounting policies of the organization. Examples of such income are surpluses discovered during inventory, remnants of usable materials or spare parts after disposal, etc.

If an enterprise is engaged in cargo transportation and simultaneously rents out a warehouse, rental income should be classified as other income. But if the main activity of the company is renting warehouses, then the profit from this will be the main and not other income.

What expenses are included in other expenses?

Information on other expenses is contained in Chapter 3 of PBU 9/99 mentioned above. The listing of other expenses is also contained in an open list, which means that the accounting policy has the right to expand it. Most often, the following types of other expenses have to be included on the balance sheet:

• losses incurred during the sale of fixed assets;
• interest on loans received;
• costs associated with opening and maintaining a bank account;
• reserve fund for doubtful debts (every organization should have one);
• penalties, fines, monetary sanctions for violation of obligations to counterparties and tax authorities;
• losses of previous years recognized as such in the reporting period;
• receivables that have already expired;
• currency difference with a minus sign.

ATTENTION! The accounting policy has the right to justify the classification of other types of costs as “other”. For example, state duties and the amount of property tax are not directly indicated in the list of main expenses, they are not in the list of “other”, which means that the enterprise can independently determine the item of their accounting.

Accounting

Other costs and income are recorded by the accountant in an account specifically designed for this purpose - 91 “Other income and expenses”. Sub-accounts are usually opened for it:

• 91.1 “Other income”;
• 91.2 “Other expenses”;
• 91.9 “Balance of other income and expenses.”

Examples of entries for other income and expenses

1. Let's imagine that a company leases some property and the lease does not relate to its main activity. Accounting for other income will look like this:
   • debit 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” (or 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”), credit 91.1 “Other income” - reflection of the accrual of income from leased property;
   • debit 91.2, credit 68 “VAT” – value added tax on the rental amount.
2. The organization purchased a machine with a useful life of 10 years. After 9 years of use, she decided to sell it. Postings:
   • debit 76, (62), credit 91.1 – customer receivables for purchased fixed assets;
   • debit 01 “Fixed assets”, credit 01.1 – disposal (write-off) of the machine at its original cost;
   • debit 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets”, credit 01 – write-off of the depreciation amount of the machine for 9 years;
   • debit 91.2, credit 01 – write-off of the residual value of the machine;
   • debit 91.2, credit 68 – VAT accrual on the amount of sale of fixed assets;
   • debit 51 “Current account”, credit 76 (62) – deposit of funds by the buyer for the purchase of the machine to the current bank account;
   • debit 91.1, credit 91.9 – reflection of other income (writing off the balance from 91 to 99 account).
3. Operation to create a reserve for doubtful debts. How to write off debt using this reserve:
   • debit 91.2, credit 63 “Provisions for doubtful debts” - creating a reserve for the amount of debt that was recognized as doubtful;
   • debit 63, credit 62 – write-off of debt recognized as bad (there is a decision of the executive service about the impossibility of collecting it);
   • debit 51, credit 62 - the debtor, recognized as uncollectible, nevertheless repaid the debt;
   • debit 63, credit 91.1 – restoration of the reserve fund using funds received from the debtor.

Tax accounting of other income and expenses

In recognizing income and expenses as other for tax purposes, there are practically no discrepancies with accounting, except for some nuances that we will clarify below.

Other income and taxes

This operation is legally regulated by Art. 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation “Non-operating income” (their list is closed, but more complete than the list of other income).

IMPORTANT! If the receipt is not mentioned in Art. 250 as non-realization, which means it belongs to the main ones.

In the tax accounting process, the amount of revenue rarely differs from that indicated in the balance sheet. But the appearance of such differences in some cases is still possible.

1. The fixed asset that was sold was modernized, so the amount of depreciation varied by month.
2. The fixed asset being sold had a different initial cost (for example, it was received by the organization under a leasing agreement).
3. Positive differences in amounts not reflected in accounting.

Features of taxation of other expenses

The Tax Code of the Russian Federation defines all the subtleties of taxation associated with other expenses in Art. 265 “Non-operating expenses”. Just like income, their transfer is closed and does not allow expansion through other types of activities.

Some other income is not included in tax accounting, although it is mentioned as non-operating income. There are quite a lot of them, most often an accountant has to deal with the following.

1. The company's expenses on various entertainment, cultural events, and charity.
2. Budget contributions in the form of fines and penalties for tax payments.
3. Interest accrued to the counterparty in excess of the limit under Articles 269 and 291 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION! Due to the difference in tax and accounting recognition of other expenses, permanent temporary differences are formed due to the application of PBU 18/02, the use of which is preferential for small businesses.

Reflection of other income and expenses in accounting

In accounting reports, other income should be reflected in line 2340 “Statement of financial results” - OFR. Other expenses should be reflected in line 2350 with a minus sign. If at the end of the reporting period a receivable or payable is formed on the balance sheet, other income and expenses can be included in its composition.

ATTENTION! The amounts in the financial statements and in tax returns can sometimes differ slightly due to differences in other income and expenses in tax and accounting.

The list of operating income is given in paragraph 7 of PBU 9/99. Operating income in In accordance with it, receipts related to the following types of activities that are not the subject of the organization’s activities are included:

· rent - revenues associated with the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of the organization's assets;

· license payments - revenues associated with the provision for a fee of rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property;

· income related to participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations (including interest and other income on securities).

In addition to the above income, operating income includes:

· profit received by the organization as a result of joint activities (under a simple partnership agreement);

· interest received for the provision of an organization’s funds for use, as well as interest for the bank’s use of funds held in the organization’s account with this bank.

Rent and license payments in accordance with paragraph 15 of PBU 9/99 are recognized in accounting based on the assumption of temporary certainty of the facts of economic activity and the terms of the relevant agreement.

The assumption of temporary certainty of the facts of economic activity means that the facts of economic activity are reflected in the accounting and reporting of the reporting period in which they took place and to which they relate, regardless of the actual time of receipt or payment of funds associated with these facts. The “accrual principle” corresponds to the assumption of temporary certainty of the facts of economic activity. The right to use the so-called “cash method” for accounting purposes can only be granted by the Ministry of Finance of Russia through direct personal permission.

The procedure for recognizing rent and license payments is similar to the procedure established for recognizing revenue in paragraph 12 of PBU 9/99. In accordance with this procedure, accounting also recognizes:

· proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, goods;

· interest received for the provision of funds to the organization for use, while interest for accounting purposes is accrued for each expired reporting period in accordance with the terms of the agreement;

· income from participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations (see paragraph 5 of PBU 9/99).

Article 138 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, in cases and in the manner established by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and other laws, recognizes the exclusive right (intellectual property) of a citizen or legal entity to the results of intellectual activity and equivalent means of individualizing a legal entity, individualizing products, work performed or services.

The use of the results of intellectual activity and means of individualization, which are the object of exclusive rights, can be carried out by third parties only with the consent of the copyright holder.

Thus, in accordance with Article 138 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the exclusive rights of owners to intellectual property are recognized as intangible assets. The exclusivity of rights lies precisely in the fact that these rights can be used by third parties only with the consent of the copyright holder.

The results of intellectual activity (“intellectual property”) include three types of objects that have different legal regimes:

1) results of creative activity protected by patent law (inventions, utility models, industrial designs);

2) means of individualization of a legal entity, products, work or services performed (company name, trademark, service mark, name of place of origin of goods);

3) results of creative activity protected by copyright (works of science, literature and art, computer programs, databases, topologies of integrated circuits, etc.).

The listed objects have different legal regimes. One part of the objects (industrial property and means of individualization of a legal entity) is regulated by patent law, the other (works of science, literature and art, and much more) by copyright law. The difference is that copyright is aimed at protecting the company's object (work), while patent law protects the content of the work.

To protect inventions, utility models, industrial designs, trade names, trademarks, service marks, their registration is required according to a certain procedure with the relevant authorities, and for an object of copyright no registration is required. The author only needs to express his work in any objective form that allows him to reproduce the specified object.

The procedure for reflecting in accounting transactions related to the transfer of rights to the results of intellectual activity depends on the agreements concluded between the copyright holder and the user:

ü concessions;

ü licensing agreements (exclusive, non-exclusive, open license);

ü commercial concession agreements.

When one organization transfers the exclusive right to use the results of intellectual activity to another organization not completely, but partially, the use of the intellectual property object in the activities of the Russian organization does not stop, therefore, the intangible asset continues to bring economic benefits (income) and is not written off from the organization’s balance sheet. To be reflected in accounting, it is necessary to provide a separate subaccount for the account “Intangible assets transferred for use” in the analytics.

In accordance with PBU 9/99, income is classified depending on its relationship to the subject of activity.

If the granting of rights to intellectual property objects for temporary use (temporary possession and use) is not related to the main activities of the organization, the income received is classified as operating income.

The reflection of transactions under the agreement in the accounting records of the copyright holder depends on the type of payments.

If the provision of rights to use is provided for under a license agreement for a certain time period (month, year, several years) subject to the payment of a one-time fee, such payment applies to the entire term of the agreement. Clause 81 of the Regulations on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 1998 No. 34n, establishes that income received in the reporting period, but relating to subsequent reporting periods, is reflected in the balance sheet as a separate item How . The chart of accounts for accounting the financial and economic activities of an organization and instructions for its application, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n, for accounting for this type of income defines account 98 “Deferred income”, subaccount 98-1 “Income received in account of future periods."

These incomes are subject to inclusion in the income of the current period upon the onset of the reporting period to which they relate.

In the case where the granting of intellectual property rights is not related to the main activities of the organization, the income received is classified as operating income.

Thus, during each month during the validity period of the license agreement, income is recognized in accounting in the form of the corresponding part of the lump sum remuneration under the specified agreement, and is reflected depending on the classification of this income.

If license payments (royalties) are periodic in nature, rights are transferred for a certain time period (month, year, several years) and the agreement establishes the frequency of accrual and payment of royalties, then in the accounting records of the copyright holder, the accrual of royalties is reflected in the following entries:

The commercial concession agreement may provide for combined calculations- one-time payment upon acquisition of non-exclusive rights and periodic payments (royalties) during the period of use.

A lump-sum (one-time) one-time payment is recognized in accounting based on the assumption of temporary certainty of the facts of economic activity and the terms of the relevant agreement (clause 15 of PBU 9/99).

In the situation under consideration, the organization - the copyright holder received from the organization - the user a remuneration in the form of a fixed one-time payment under a commercial concession agreement, the validity period of which is clearly specified.

With such receipt of payments in the accounting records of the copyright holder, transactions under the agreement will be reflected in the following entries:

Account correspondence
Debit	Credit
		The user's debt to the copyright holder is reflected when concluding a commercial concession agreement
		Received funds from the user
		The part of the received payment attributable to the reporting period is reflected
		Royalties accrued for the reporting period
		Value added tax charged
		Royalty received from the user (licensee)

In civil law, the concept of “dividends” is associated with joint stock companies. This can be seen when comparing Article 42 of the Federal Law of December 26, 1995 No. 208-FZ “On Joint-Stock Companies” (hereinafter Law No. 208-FZ) and Article 28 of the Federal Law of February 8, 1998 No. 14-FZ “On Limited Liability Companies” "(hereinafter referred to as Law No. 14-FZ).

In a joint stock company, dividends represent part of the net profit, which is the actual income of the shareholder. In a limited liability company, such payments are income from participation in the authorized capital of the company.

A joint stock company has the right, based on the results of the first quarter, six months, nine months of the financial year and (or) based on the results of the financial year in accordance with the company’s charter, to make decisions (announce) on the payment of dividends on placed shares, unless otherwise established by paragraph 1 of Article 42 of Law No. 208 -FZ. Such a decision may be made within three months after the end of the relevant period.

In paragraph 1 of Article 28 of Law No. 14-FZ, a limited liability company has the right to make a decision quarterly, once every six months or once a year on the distribution of net profit among the participants of the company.

In the absence of a decision to declare dividends, the company has no right to pay them, and shareholders have no right to demand them.

Dividends are annual and interim. Payment of interim dividends is possible only in cases where there is confidence that the results of the financial year will be positive. Because a situation may arise when interim dividends were paid during the year, but at the end of the year it turned out that the organization ended the year with a loss.

The decision on the payment of dividends (based on the results of any period of the financial year) is made both in a joint stock company and in a limited liability company - the general meeting of shareholders (participants).

The General Meeting in its decision establishes:

· the need to pay dividends;

· their size and form of payment;

· list of persons entitled to receive dividends (this list is compiled as of the date of compilation of the list of persons entitled to participate in the general meeting of shareholders at which the decision to pay dividends is made).

The decision to pay dividends must be documented. Such a document is the minutes of the general meeting of shareholders (participants). Only in accordance with such a document are dividends paid.

According to paragraphs 5 and 7 of PBU 9/99, dividends received are recognized in accounting as part of operating income, provided that participation in the authorized capital of other organizations is not the subject of the activities of the organization receiving the dividends.

The document on the basis of which the organization receiving the dividends will reflect these transactions in its accounting records is a copy of the protocol or an extract from it. This document must be certified by the seal and signature of the responsible person of the organization that is the source of income.

Income to be received is reflected in subaccount 76-3 “Calculations for due dividends and other income.” By debiting the specified account in correspondence with the credit of account 91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount 91-1 “Other income”, dividends received in favor of the organization are taken into account.

Dividends go to the organization minus tax on dividends. In accounting, the receipt of dividends is reflected by the entry:

According to Article 1041 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, under a simple partnership agreement (joint activity agreement), two or more persons (partners) undertake to pool their contributions and act together without forming a legal entity to make a profit or achieve another goal that does not contradict the law.

To form a simple partnership, the following condition must be met - to conclude an agreement that establishes the obligations of the parties to each other in relation to:

a) combine your deposits,

b) act together to make a profit or achieve another goal that does not contradict the law.

A simple partnership agreement, an agreement on joint activities, so named by law, is not recognized as such if it lacks at least one of the above elements.

Unlike other types of partnership associations recognized by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation , A simple partnership does not form a legal entity. Without recognizing a simple partnership as a legal entity, the law did not grant it the right to act on a common behalf (the right to a company name). Therefore, in relations with third parties, it is considered as a group of individuals acting under their own names, or through representatives representing them as individually identified persons.

The profit received by the partners as a result of their joint activities is distributed in proportion to the value of the partners' contributions to the common cause, unless otherwise provided by the simple partnership agreement or other agreement of the partners.

Partners are allowed to independently determine the principle of profit distribution. They can be based on both property and personal principles or their combination. Only in the case where the partners have not determined the procedure for the distribution of profits by agreement, the principle comes into force - the distribution of profits in proportion to the value of the contributions.

Profit means the amount by which the partnership’s total assets increased during the reporting period, that is, we can talk about the accounting net profit received as a result of the relevant activities.

The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, by its Order No. 105n dated November 24, 2003, approved the “Accounting Regulations “Information on participation in joint activities” PBU 20/03” (hereinafter referred to as PBU 20/03). This Regulation establishes the rules and procedure for disclosing information about participation in joint activities in the financial statements of commercial organizations, with the exception of credit organizations, which are legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Paragraph 14 of PBU 20/03 states that when forming the financial result of a partner organization, profit from joint activities to be received or distributed among the participants is included in operating income.

In accordance with PBU 9/99, profit from joint activities is also recognized as operating income and is reflected in the credit of account 91 “Other income and expenses” in correspondence with the debit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”. The chart of accounts for the financial and economic activities of an organization and instructions for its application, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94, includes a subaccount 76-3 “Calculations for dividends and other income”, which takes into account calculations for dividends due to the organization and other income, including profits, losses and other results under the simple partnership agreement.

Operating income is recognized in accounting as it is generated (identified), as established by clause 16 of PBU 9/99.

You can find out more about the issues related to the procedure for accounting for transactions under a joint venture agreement in the book by the authors of JSC " BKR-Intercom-audit “Simple Partnership”.

Let's consider the procedure for reflecting income from the sale of fixed assets in accounting.

An organization may need to sell a fixed asset for various reasons: the object may fail and it is easier for the organization to sell it than to repair it; the organization repurposes production and equipment ceases to be used; the equipment is obsolete; the organization just needs money. The reasons can be very different.

As a result of the sale of fixed assets, the organization not only gets rid of the fixed asset it does not need, but also reduces the amount of property tax, since even if the fixed asset is not used for its intended purpose, property tax continues to be charged.

The sale of a fixed asset object is one of the special cases of disposal of fixed assets that are not constantly used for the production of products, performance of work, provision of services, as well as for the management needs of the organization.

The cost of a fixed asset disposed of as a result of sale is subject to write-off from accounting.

When selling fixed assets, the organization receives income. We have already noted that, according to paragraph 7 of PBU 9/99, such income is classified as operating income. Income from the sale of fixed assets in accordance with paragraph 30 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for Fixed Assets” PBU 6/01, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated March 30, 2001 No. 26n (hereinafter referred to as PBU 6/01), is accepted for accounting in the amount agreed upon in the contract.

Expenses associated with the sale of fixed assets are classified as operating expenses.

According to paragraph 31 of PBU 6/01, income and expenses from writing off fixed assets from accounting are reflected in accounting in the reporting period to which they relate.

To account for the disposal of fixed assets, it is advisable to open a separate sub-account for the account “Retirement of fixed assets”, on which the sold fixed assets will be formed. The debit of this subaccount will reflect the original cost of the object being sold, taking into account the revaluations, and the credit will reflect the amount of accrued depreciation, also taking into account the revaluations.

Upon disposal of a fixed asset, including as a result of sale, the amount of depreciation accumulated during the operation of this object in accordance with the Chart of Accounts for accounting the financial and economic activities of the organization and instructions for its use, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n is written off to the credit of account 01 “Fixed assets” subaccount “Retirement of fixed assets”. Upon completion of the disposal procedure, the residual value of the fixed asset is written off from account 01 “Fixed assets” to the debit of account 91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount 91-2 “Other expenses”.

Income from the sale of fixed assets is reflected in the credit of account 91 “Other income and expenses” in a separate subaccount 91-1 “Other income”, and expenses associated with the sale are reflected in the debit of the account in subaccount 91-2 “Other expenses”.

Example 2.

In November 2006, the organization sells an item of fixed assets for 38,350 rubles (including VAT of 5,850 rubles). The initial cost of the object is 90,000 rubles. The useful life of this object is 6 years, the actual service life is 4 years, the amount of accrued depreciation is 60,000 rubles. Transportation costs for delivering the equipment to the buyer amounted to 1,888 rubles, including VAT. Delivery was made by a third party.

You can find out more about issues related to operations with fixed assets in the book by the authors of BKR-Intercom-Audit CJSC “Fixed Assets”.

According to paragraph 1 of Article 807 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, under a loan agreement, one party (the lender) transfers into the ownership of the other party (borrower) money or other things determined by generic characteristics, and the borrower undertakes to return to the lender the same amount of money (loan amount) or an equal amount of other received them things of the same kind and quality. The loan agreement is considered concluded from the moment the money or other things are transferred.

As a general rule, a loan agreement is a remunerative agreement. Therefore, even if the loan agreement does not contain payment terms, the borrower is obliged to pay the lender interest under the loan agreement. This follows from the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 809 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation:

“Unless otherwise provided by law or the loan agreement, the lender has the right to receive interest from the borrower on the loan amount in the amount and in the manner specified in the agreement. If there is no provision in the agreement on the amount of interest, their amount is determined by the existing bank interest rate (refinancing rate) at the place of residence of the lender, and if the lender is a legal entity, at its location on the day the borrower pays the amount of the debt or its corresponding part.”

When concluding a loan agreement, the parties independently establish the procedure and terms for paying interest under the agreement. As a rule, the parties agree that interest is paid monthly, quarterly, or upon repayment of borrowed funds, although other options are possible.

But keep in mind that if the agreement does not contain the procedure and terms for paying interest, then interest is paid monthly until the day the loan amount is repaid. This is directly indicated by paragraph 2 of Article 809 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which states that, in the absence of another agreement, interest is paid monthly until the day the loan amount is repaid.

In accordance with paragraph 3 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for Financial Investments” PBU 19/02, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 10, 2003 No. 126n (hereinafter referred to as PBU 19/02), loans provided by the organization are classified as financial investments. Based on this, when providing amounts of borrowed funds to other organizations, the lending organization must take them into account as financial investments, if the conditions established by paragraph 2 of PBU 19/02 are met:

ü the presence of a formalized agreement confirming the existence of the organization’s right to financial investments and to receive funds or other assets arising from this right;

ü transition to organizing financial risks associated with the loan provided (risk of price changes, risk of debtor insolvency, liquidity risk and much more);

ü the ability to bring economic benefits (income) in the future (for example, in the form of interest).

In accounting, to summarize information on monetary loans provided to other legal entities and individuals (except for employees of the organization), the Chart of Accounts for accounting the financial and economic activities of the organization and instructions for its application, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n, is account 58 “Financial investments” subaccount “Provided loans”.

The amount of the loan provided is reflected in the debit of account 58 “Financial investments” sub-account “Granted loans” in correspondence with account 51 “Settlement accounts” if non-cash funds are provided or in correspondence with account 50 “Cash” if the loan provided is issued in cash.

In accordance with paragraph 34 of PBU 19/02, income from financial investments is recognized as income from ordinary activities, or other income in accordance with PBU 9/99.

If for the lending organization the provision of loans is not the main activity, then, in accordance with paragraph 16 of PBU 9/99, interest received for the provision of borrowed funds is operating income and is reflected in account 91 “Other income and expenses” subaccount “Other income” . The date of recognition of such income in the accounting records of the lending organization is each expired reporting period.

If the agreement between the lender and the borrower contains a condition that interest is paid simultaneously with the repayment of the principal amount of the debt, then, despite this, the lender recognizes income in the form of interest in accounting at the end of the reporting (tax) period.

If the parties have provided for the monthly accrual of interest, then the lending organization must also recognize income in the form of interest on a monthly basis.

PBU 19/02 conditionally divides all financial investments into two groups:

· financial investments by which the current market value can be determined;

· financial investments for which the current market value is not determined.

With regard to loans provided by an organization, it can be argued that they belong to the group of financial investments for which the market value is not determined. Therefore, when calculating interest on loans provided, the accountant should pay attention to paragraph 21 of PBU 19/02:

“Financial investments for which the current market value is not determined are subject to reflection in accounting and financial statements as of the reporting date at their original cost.”

In February 2006

Interest received under the loan agreement

End of the example.

You can find out more about issues related to the procedure for recognizing income in accounting and tax accounting, and reflecting income in financial statements in the book of ZAO BKR-INTERCOM-AUDIT “Organizational Income”.

The state provides for the receipt of various incomes from the enterprise. All of them must be accounted for correctly by accounting. And for this you need to know what they are. In this regard, other income is of interest. What is it? How should they be carried out? This, as well as a number of other questions, will be answered.

Introductory information

And we should start with a definition. Other income is income from operating and non-operating activities, as well as extraordinary acquisitions. Accounting records them in account 91. Accounting for other income is carried out in 91-1. Expenses go to subaccount 91-2, and the balance goes to 91-9.

Display specifics

PBU 9/99 is used as the main supporting document. Subclause 18.2 of the said provision states that other income is non-operating and operating income minus the expenses that relate to them. Such reflection is allowed in the following cases:

1. Relevant accounting rules require or do not prohibit such reporting of income.
2. Receipts and related expenses arise as a result of the same fact of economic activity (or similar in nature).

In accounting they are recognized in the manner regulated by paragraph 16 of PBU 9/99, namely:

1. Receipts from the sale of fixed assets and other assets that differ from money (exception - foreign currency), goods, products and interest earned for the provision of finance to the organization. This also includes participation in the authorized capital of other organizations (though only in cases where this is not considered as a subject of activity of a commercial structure). This is done in the manner prescribed by clause 12 of PBU 9/99.
2. Fines, penalties and interest for violation of contracts and compensation for losses are displayed in the reporting period when they were recognized by the debtor. The alternative is that the court made a decision on collection.
3. Amounts of depositary and payable debts for which the statute of limitations has expired. Also displayed in the reporting period when the event occurred.
4. Amounts of revaluation of assets.
5. Other receipts - as they are identified or formed.

Operating income

To avoid problems, you should understand what should be taken into account. This type of other income has a list that is given in paragraph 7 of PBU 9/99. It should be noted that these classes should not be the subject of the activity being carried out:

1. Rent. In this case, other income is income related to the receipt of funds for the temporary possession and use of assets of the organizational structure.
2. License fees. These include income received for the granting of rights that arise as patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property.
3. Income generated through participation in the authorized capital of other organizations. These also include interest and other income of the organization on securities.
4. In addition to the above, operating income also includes the profit that the structure receives as a result of joint activities carried out under a simple partnership agreement. But this is very rare.

Specifics of operating income

Not everything is as easy here as it might seem at first glance. Accounting for other income in this case is based on clause 15 of PBU 9/99. It states that a prerequisite is the assumption of temporary certainty of the facts of the activity being carried out. Everything should be displayed in the reporting period in which it takes place. In this case, the actual time of receipt or payment is not important. The procedure for working with them is similar to the recognition of revenue corresponding to clause 12 of PBU 9/99. At the same time, the accompanying bureaucratic issues should not be overlooked.

Let's take rent, for example. When working in this direction, there must be not only accounting for other income, but also compliance with the current civil code. Its requirements include the conclusion of an agreement and consideration of aspects of the use of the asset. There are also reservations about property that can be leased.

Receiving income from the provision of intellectual property for use

In this case, it is implied the acquisition of profit to which individuals and legal entities have the exclusive right. This is possible as a result of the implementation of intellectual activity and the creation of equivalent means of individualization. Third parties can use them only with the consent of the copyright holders. According to Article 138 of PBU, all this can be classified as intangible assets. The legal regime of this type provides for the identification of three types of objects:

1. The results of creative activity that are protected by patent law. These are inventions, utility models, industrial designs.
2. Means of individualization of products, services offered, work performed or the entire legal entity. This is a trademark, an appellation of origin, a trade name.
3. The results of creative activity that is protected by copyright. These are works of literature, science, art, topology of integrated circuits, databases, programs for electronic computers.

All this to a certain extent affects the display in accounting.

Specifics for intellectual property

The financial result from other income is generated from objects with different legal regimes. How? Means of individualization and industrial property are governed by patent law. Works of art, science, literature and much more are already the scope of copyright. The differences between them are that the second is intended to ensure comfortable operating conditions for the company, and the second is responsible for protecting the contents.

To protect inventions, utility models, industrial designs, trade names and service marks, registration with the relevant authorities is required according to a certain procedure. For copyright purposes this is unnecessary. It is enough to simply express the work in an objective form that allows reproduction. In accounting, operations related to the transfer of rights to the results of intellectual activity obtained depend on the chosen form of agreement:

1. Commercial concession.
2. Copyright agreement - refers to the transfer of non-exclusive rights to use a work.
3. Concessions.
4. License agreements. In this case, a non-exclusive and open form is provided.

When a partial transfer of rights occurs, the use of intellectual property does not cease. Thus, the intangible asset brings economic benefits and is not written off from the organization’s balance sheet.

What does the wiring look like?

Other income must always be shown correctly. According to PBU 9/99, they are classified depending on how they relate to the subject of activity. If the funds received are not related to the main activities of the organization, then first of all it is necessary to display the receipt of income. To do this, the debit account is 76, the credit account is 91-1. At the same time, we should not forget about the calculation of value added tax. In this case, debit is 91-2, and credit is 68. Although, this option is not always provided. It all depends on the purpose of the payment. Moreover, even account 91 “Other income” is not always present.

Let's look at another example. Let's say you need to display a one-time fee under a license agreement as part of deferred income. In this case, debit 76 and credit 98-1 are used. But the matter does not stop there. It is necessary to display operating income under the license agreement. In this case, the posting is debit 98-1, and credit 91. And don’t forget about the calculation of value added tax. It is carried out according to the previously mentioned scheme: debit 91-2, credit 68. The procedure also changes in cases where license payments are periodic. In this case, you should initially display the accrual of royalties for the reporting period. The posting is debit 76 and credit 91-1. Then value added tax is charged. It is carried out using debit 91-2, credit 76 or 68. When a payment is received from the user, the amount is posted in this way: debit 51 - credit 76. Of course, everything is not limited to these options.

Participation in the authorized capitals of other structures

The issue of dividends has been worked out in the legislative sphere. This is the name of the part of net profit that is transferred to the owner and is his income. They are regulated by paragraphs 5 and 7 of PBU 9/99. But this is provided that participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations is not the subject of the activities of a commercial structure.

The registration scheme is as follows: debit 76-3, credit 91-1. The manipulations are not limited to this. So, the debit is 51, and the credit is 76-3. At the same time, it is necessary to reflect the write-off of income tax debt. In this case, the debit is 68 and the credit is 76. Here you need to remember about the requirements of PBU 18/02. In accounting, an entry is made for this case: debit 99 - credit 68.

Income from joint activities

This is regulated by Article 1041 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. To form a simple partnership, it is necessary to conclude an agreement that will consider the obligations of the parties to each other. This provides for the connection of deposits and joint action to make a profit.

It is possible to achieve another goal that does not contradict the law. In this case, there is no need to create a separate legal entity. The profit received is distributed in proportion to the value of the deposits. Of course, unless otherwise provided by the existing agreement. Regulation in this case is dealt with by PBU 20/03. Paragraph 14 of this document stipulates that the profit received within the framework of joint activities should be considered as operating income. According to the provisions of PBU 9/99, this is displayed by debit 76-3 and credit 91-1.

A little about the balance of other income

After the end of the reporting periods, it is always necessary to summarize the total according to subaccount 91-3. It is necessary to monitor its value. It is highly desirable that the balance is always positive. But if the expenses are higher, then this may be a reason to think about how correctly and adequately business activities are carried out. Although its negative value does not always indicate the presence of some problems or bad tendencies. Perhaps this is part of a market strategy.

Income from the sale of fixed assets, as well as other assets of the organization

The need for this may arise for a number of reasons. For example, an object is out of order and it is cheaper to sell it than to restore it. An organization can repurpose production, in which case the equipment will not be needed. I just need money. There are a lot of reasons. As a result of the manipulations carried out, not only the property tax is reduced, but also the enterprise gets rid of unnecessary fixed assets.

According to paragraph 7 of PBU 9/99, the money received is classified as operating income. Paragraph 30 of PBU 6/01 provides for the use of the amount agreed upon in the contract. Separately, it is worth mentioning the associated costs. According to paragraph 31 of PBU 6/01, they must be written off in the reporting period to which they relate. At the same time, do not forget about the posting between credit 01 and debit 91-2.

Income received from the provision of funds for use

This direction provides for the implementation of activities on a contractual basis. The starting point is paragraph 1 of Article 807. When concluding an agreement, it is necessary to indicate the term and interest. After all, if these points are not specified, then the legislation has provisions for this case. And then you will have to act in the general order. Other financial income received under this item is recorded as debit 58, and credit 50 or 51 (depending on the current situation).

Conclusion

So we look at what other income of the enterprise is. It should be noted that this topic is extremely broad. And it’s foolish to hope that it can fit within one article. Moreover, even a book is not enough to describe all possible situations and their solutions. After all, this is such a thing that it takes years to study.

Account 91 “Other income and expenses” is intended to summarize information on other income and expenses of the reporting period.

In the credit of account 91 “Other income and expenses” during the reporting period the following is reflected:

receipts associated with the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of the organization’s assets - in correspondence with the accounts of settlements or cash;

receipts related to the provision for a fee of rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property - in correspondence with accounts for accounting settlements or cash;

receipts related to participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations, as well as interest and other income on securities - in correspondence with settlement accounts;

profit received by the organization under a simple partnership agreement - in correspondence with score 76“Settlements with various debtors and creditors” (sub-account “Settlements for due dividends and other income”);

receipts related to the sale and other write-off of fixed assets and other assets other than cash in Russian currency, products, goods - in correspondence with the accounts of settlements or cash;

receipts from operations with containers - in correspondence with container accounting and settlement accounts;

interest received (receivable) for the provision of an organization's funds for use, as well as interest for the use by a credit organization of funds located in the organization's account with this credit organization - in correspondence with the accounts of financial investments or funds;

fines, penalties, penalties for violation of the terms of contracts, received or recognized for receipt - in correspondence with the accounts of settlements or funds;

receipts related to the gratuitous receipt of assets - in correspondence with the accounting account for deferred income;

receipts for compensation of losses caused to the organization - in correspondence with settlement accounts;

profit of previous years identified in the reporting year - in correspondence with the accounts of settlements;

amounts of accounts payable for which the statute of limitations has expired - in correspondence with accounts payable accounts;

Other income.

The debit of account 91 “Other income and expenses” during the reporting period reflects:

expenses associated with the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of an organization's assets, rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property, as well as expenses associated with participation in the authorized capital of other organizations - in correspondence with cost accounts;

the residual value of assets for which depreciation is calculated and the actual cost of other assets written off by the organization - in correspondence with the accounts of the relevant assets;

expenses associated with the sale, disposal and other write-off of fixed assets and other assets other than cash in Russian currency, goods, products - in correspondence with cost accounts;

expenses for operations with containers - in correspondence with cost accounts;

interest paid by an organization for providing it with funds (credits, borrowings) for use - in correspondence with the accounts of settlements or funds;

expenses associated with payment for services provided by credit institutions - in correspondence with settlement accounts;

fines, penalties, penalties for violation of the terms of contracts, paid or recognized for payment - in correspondence with the accounts of settlements or cash;

expenses for maintaining production facilities and mothballed facilities - in correspondence with cost accounts;

compensation for losses caused by the organization - in correspondence with settlement accounts;

losses of previous years recognized in the reporting year - in correspondence with the accounts of settlements, depreciation, etc.;

deductions to reserves for the depreciation of investments in securities, for a decrease in the value of material assets, for doubtful debts - in correspondence with the accounts of these reserves;

amounts of receivables for which the statute of limitations has expired, other debts that are unrealistic for collection - in correspondence with accounts receivable;

expenses associated with the consideration of cases in courts - in correspondence with accounts of settlements, etc.;

other expenses.

Sub-accounts can be opened to account 91 “Other income and expenses”:

91-1 "Other income";

91-2 "Other expenses";

91-9 "Balance of other income and expenses."

Subaccount 91-1 “Other income” takes into account receipts of assets recognized as other income.

Subaccount 91-2 “Other expenses” takes into account other expenses.

Subaccount 91-9 “Balance of other income and expenses” is intended to identify the balance of other income and expenses for the reporting month.

Entries in subaccounts 91-1 “Other income” and 91-2 “Other expenses” are made cumulatively during the reporting year. By monthly comparison of debit turnover in subaccount 91-2 "Other expenses" and credit turnover in subaccount 91-1 "Other income" the balance of other income and expenses for the reporting month is determined. This balance is written off monthly (in final turns) from subaccount 91-9 “Balance of other income and expenses” for score 99"Profit and loss". Thus, synthetic account 91 “Other income and expenses” does not have a balance at the reporting date.

At the end of the reporting year, all subaccounts opened to account 91 “Other income and expenses” (except for subaccount 91-9 “Balance of other income and expenses”) are closed with internal entries to subaccount 91-9 “Balance of other income and expenses”.

Analytical accounting for account 91 “Other income and expenses” is carried out for each type of other income and expenses. At the same time, the construction of analytical accounting for other income and expenses related to the same financial and business transaction should provide the ability to identify the financial result for each operation.

Account 91 "Other income and expenses"
corresponds with accounts

by debit

on loan

01 Fixed assets 02 Depreciation of fixed assets 03 Profitable investments in material assets 04 Intangible assets 07 Equipment for installation 10 Materials 16 Deviation in the cost of material assets 19 Value added tax on acquired assets 20 Main production 28 Defects in production 58 Financial investments 68 Calculations with the budget 69 Calculations for social insurance and security 70 Settlements with personnel for wages 81 Own shares (shares) 94 Shortages and losses from damage to valuables 98 Deferred income 99 Profit and loss

07 Equipment for installation 08 Investments in non-current assets 10 Materials 11 Animals for growing and fattening 14 Reserves for reduction in the value of material assets 15 Procurement and acquisition of material assets 20 Main production 21 Semi-finished products of own production 23 Auxiliary productions 28 Defects in production 29 Service industries and farms 41 Products 43 Finished products 45 Items shipped 50 Cashier 51 Current accounts 52 Currency accounts 55 Special bank accounts 57 Transfers on the way 58 Financial investments 59 Provisions for impairment of investments in securities 60 Settlements with suppliers and contractors 62 Settlements with buyers and customers 63 Provisions for doubtful debts 66 Calculations for short-term loans and borrowings 67 Calculations for long-term loans and borrowings 71 Settlements with accountable persons 73 Settlements with personnel for other operations 75 Settlements with founders 76 Settlements with various debtors and creditors 79 On-farm settlements 81 Own shares (shares) 96 Reserves for future expenses 98 Deferred income 99 Profit and loss

Application of the chart of accounts: account 91

• In which account (91 or 99) should sanctions for violation of tax laws be reflected?

  Organizations are divided into expenses for ordinary activities and other expenses (clause 4 of PBU... legislation can be reflected as part of other expenses, since they satisfy... connections with a specific accounting procedure (on account 91 or account 99) economic subjects are recommended... other expenses of the organization with their reflection on account 91 “Other income and expenses” in correspondence with account... 76 “Settlements with various debtors and...

• Pledge. Accounting and Taxation

  X 1%) 91 "Other income and expenses", subaccount 2 "Other expenses" 66 "... to the loan provided" 91 "Other income and expenses", subaccount 1 "Other income" 50 ... account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors" and the credit of account 91 "Other income and expenses...", subaccount 91-1 "Other income" ...

• How to take into account the costs of developing a store design

  Is the main one, then income should be reflected in account 91 “Other income and expenses” (clause 7 ... PBU 9/99). To summarize information about income... the organization will take into account both other income and expenses associated with this agreement... (76) Loan 91, subaccount "Other income" (90) - income for the transferred right is reflected... written off included in expenses: Debit 98 Credit 91, subaccount “Other income” (90 ...

• Conservation of fixed assets. Accounting and taxation

  Production of products. These expenses are recognized as other expenses and are reflected in accounting in... account 91 "Other income and expenses", subaccount 91-2 "Other expenses" (Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts... accounting is accrued using the linear method (method). Income and expenses are determined by the accrual method. Then, ... years Other income from the sale of equipment is recognized 62 91-1 826 ... the cost of sold depreciable property and expenses associated with its sale...

• Exchange differences: accounting and taxation

  In accounting they are reflected as part of other expenses or income on account 91 “Other income and expenses”. VAT on exchange rate differences... include differences in other income (positive) or expenses (negative). Example 1 ... include differences in other income (positive) or expenses (negative). If the agreement... accounting refers to non-operating income and expenses. As in accounting, recalculation... there are no differences between accounting and tax accounting - income and expenses are reflected in...

• Accounting in the MCP when returning fixed assets purchased at the expense of a subsidy to the founder

  Income during operation of the OS). As we see, in this option, account 91 “Other income and expenses...” is involved, and income and expenses fully compensate each other (as in the previous... other expenses and exactly the same amount is shown as a write-off of additional capital for other income...

• How to reflect penalties and fines for late payment of insurance premiums in accounting?

  Related to the calculation of insurance premiums, account 91 “Other income and expenses”. Moreover, according to p... . 15 PBU 10/99 other expenses are subject to crediting... the report - as part of other expenses (that is, taken into account in account 91). At the same time, let us recall... and losses", either in accordance with the Recommendation, or on account 91, as other expenses... (taking into account that the list of other expenses given in paragraph...

• In what cases will the security payment be considered taxable income of the lessor?

  There are no expenses for the lessor. In turn, the lessor does not generate income... which generates the use of this payment. Income and expenses for participants in rental relations appear... RUB 000. the company must recognize as income and include in the tax base for... credit account 90 “Sales”, subaccount 90-1 “Revenue”; or as part of other income... reflecting the amounts on the credit of account 91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount 91-1 “Other income”. Revenues are recognized...

• On accounting for expenses in the form of losses from mortality in the Unified Agricultural Tax

  Reduce income received for expenses in the form of losses from mortality and forced slaughter... other expenses and are included in financial results. It is reflected in the debit of account 91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount 91-2 “Other expenses”, and... credit of account 11 (clause 13... losses as material expenses, reflecting them directly on the accounts of the main production. In ...

• The procedure for accounting and tax accounting of lost property transferred for safekeeping

  ...), that is, it is taken into account as the debit of account 91 “Other income and expenses”. However, the conditions with which PBU 10/99 connects the recognition of expenses... of lost property from the balance sheet of expenses (other expenses reflected in account 91) for accounting purposes... 98 Credit 91, subaccount "Other income" - the difference taken into account as part of other income (in...? ("Income tax: accounting for income and expenses", N 3, March 2015 ...

• The procedure for taxation of impersonal metal accounts (OMS) of an organization

  Each transaction and was reflected in accounting on account 91 "Other income and expenses", in... reflected in other non-operating income (sale using compulsory medical insurance) and expenses (purchase with... each transaction and was reflected in accounting on the account 91 “Other income and expenses”, in... is reflected as part of other non-operating income (sale using compulsory medical insurance) and expenses (purchase with..., according to which the date of receipt of income and expense is the date of transfer of ownership...

• Correcting errors in accounting policies: estimated liabilities and values

  From the debit of account 91 “Other income and expenses” (sub-account “Other expenses”) and the credit of account 63 “... it is easy to calculate vacation days for employees and the amount of expenses corresponding to these days. Based on..., 28, 44) and the credit of account 96 “Reserves for future expenses”. The use of funds... contributions is reflected in the debit of account 96 and the credit of account 70 "Settlements with... necessary. The reserve is reflected in the debit of account 91 and the credit of account 14 "Reserves for...

• Accounting for sales of goods whose cost is expressed in foreign currency

  As part of other income or other expenses and are reflected in account 91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount 1 “Other income” or 2 “Other expenses”. In... tax accounting, just like... will be reflected as other income (expenses) in accounting and as non-operating income (expenses) in tax... reflected as other income (expenses) in accounting and how non-operating income (expenses) in the tax...

• Inseparable improvements to leased property in the lessee's accounting

  A form of capital investment in inseparable improvements. Income and expenses from write-offs from accounting... the period to which they relate. Income and expenses from the write-off of fixed assets... are subject to credit to the profit and loss account as other income and expenses (clause 31 of PBU... funds") are written off from account 01 to account 91 "Other income and expenses". Thus way... for inseparable improvements and agreed upon by the parties; DEBIT 91, subaccount "Other expenses" CREDIT...

• Trademark and trademark: how to take into account?

  Transferred from account 08 to account 04 “Intangible assets”) then and only... as other income. Debit 04 Credit 91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount 91-1 “Other income” Debit 91, subaccount 91-2 “Other expenses” Credit... the additional capital of the organization formed from the amounts of the additional valuation of this asset carried out... from the organization’s additional capital to the account of retained earnings (uncovered... they are reflected in the debit of account 44 “Sales expenses” and the credit of account 05.

Income received by the organization, according to the norms of accounting legislation, is divided into income from ordinary activities and other income. Organizations are given the right to independently qualify income, taking into account their nature, conditions of receipt, as well as the direction of the organization’s activities.

You will learn about what income is included in other income in accounting from this article.

Commercial organizations that are legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation must generate information on income, guided by the Accounting Regulations “Organizational Income” PBU 9/99, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 6, 1999 N 32n (hereinafter referred to as PBU 9/99 ).

The only exceptions are credit and insurance organizations, which, according to clause 1 of PBU 9/99, should not apply the said accounting standard.

But non-profit organizations for the business and other income-generating activities they carry out must keep records of income and expenses and, therefore, must recognize income in accordance with the rules of PBU 9/99.

Let us recall that a non-profit organization can carry out entrepreneurial and other income-generating activities only insofar as this serves the achievement of the goals for which it was created and corresponds to these goals, provided that such activities are indicated in its constituent documents. Such activities, as specified in paragraph 2 of Art. 24 of the Federal Law of January 12, 1996 N 7-FZ “On Non-Profit Organizations”, recognizes the profitable production of goods and services that meet the goals of creating a non-profit organization, as well as the acquisition and sale of securities, property and non-property rights, participation in business companies and participation in limited partnerships as an investor.

The article will discuss other income of the organization, but first let us recall what is recognized as income of the organization for accounting purposes.

The income of an organization in accordance with clause 2 of PBU 9/99 is recognized as an increase in economic benefits as a result of the receipt of assets (cash, other property) and (or) repayment of liabilities, leading to an increase in the capital of this organization. Contributions from participants (owners of property) are not recognized as income of the organization.

Clause 4 of PBU 9/99 provides a classification of income, according to which the income received by the organization, as we noted at the beginning of the article, is divided into income from ordinary activities and other income. The organization must provide for the chosen procedure for recognizing income in the order on accounting policies for accounting purposes. The list of other income is open and is given in paragraph 7 of PBU 9/99.

The Chart of Accounts for accounting the financial and economic activities of organizations and the Instructions for its application, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 N 94n (hereinafter referred to as the Chart of Accounts), account 91 is intended to summarize information on other income and expenses of the reporting period. Other income and expenses.”

91-1 “Other income”;

91-2 “Other expenses”;

91-9 “Balance of other income and expenses.”

Receipts of assets recognized as other income are recorded in subaccount 91-1 “Other income”. Subaccount 91-9 is intended to identify the balance of other income and expenses for the reporting month.

Accounting for account 91 is carried out as follows. Cumulatively during the reporting year, entries are made in subaccounts 91-1 and 91-2. Each month the balance of other income and expenses is determined by comparing the turnover in the debit of subaccount 91-2 and the credit of subaccount 91-1, which is then written off from subaccount 91-9 to account 99 “Profits and losses”. That is, account 91 does not have a balance at the reporting date.

At the end of the reporting year, sub-accounts opened to account 91 “Other income and expenses”, with the exception of sub-account 91-9, are closed with internal entries to sub-account 91-9.

For account 91, analytical accounting should be kept for each type of other income and expenses in such a way that it is possible to identify the financial result for each operation.

Let's look at some of the income classified under PBU 9/99 as other income.

Other expenses include revenues associated with the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of the organization’s assets, provided that this type of activity is not the main activity for the organization and the income received is not included in income from ordinary activities.

These receipts, according to the Chart of Accounts, are reflected in the credit of subaccount 91-1 in correspondence with the accounts for settlements or cash.

If fixed assets are leased, then it is advisable to open a separate sub-account for account 01 “Fixed Assets”, which will temporarily account for fixed assets leased. If the terms of the lease agreement stipulate that the leased object is accounted for on the lessee’s balance sheet, then off-balance sheet account 011 “Fixed assets leased out” should be used. Fixed assets leased are recorded on account 011 in the valuation specified in the lease agreement.

Example. The organization has entered into a lease agreement under which it leases equipment it owns for a period of 1 month. Providing property for rent is not the main activity of the organization. Rental cost – 36,580 rubles, including VAT 18% – 5,580 rubles. The specified amount is transferred to the organization's bank account upon expiration of the lease term. The organization conducts settlements with the tenant on account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”.

Debit 76 Credit 91-1 “Other income”

– 36,580 rub. – rent accrued;

Debit 91-2 “Other expenses” Credit 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”, subaccount “Calculations for VAT”,

– 5580 rub. – the amount of VAT on rent has been accrued;

Debit 51 “Current accounts” Credit 76

– 36,580 rub. – the rent amount has been credited to the bank account.

Other income of the organization includes receipts related to the provision for a fee of rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property. If the provision of the above-mentioned rights for a fee is the main activity of the organization, then they should be taken into account as part of the income from sales.

The list of results of intellectual activity and equivalent means of individualization of legal entities, goods, works, services and enterprises that are granted legal protection (intellectual property) contains Art. 1225 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).

For the results of intellectual activity and equivalent means of individualization in accordance with Art. 1226 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation recognizes intellectual rights, which include an exclusive right, which is a property right, and in cases provided for by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, also personal non-property rights and other rights (right of succession, right of access, etc.).

Copyright holder on the basis of Art. 1233 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation may dispose of the exclusive right to an object of intellectual property belonging to him in any way, including by concluding the following agreements:

– agreement on alienation of exclusive rights;

– a license agreement under which another person is granted the rights to use an object of intellectual property within the limits established by the agreement, while the conclusion of a license agreement does not entail the transfer of the exclusive right to the licensee.

Please note that an agreement that does not directly indicate that the exclusive right to an object of intellectual property is transferred in full is considered a license agreement.

Intellectual property objects for accounting purposes are intangible assets, the accounting of which is carried out in accordance with the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for Intangible Assets” (PBU 14/2007), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 27, 2007 N 153n (hereinafter referred to as PBU 14/2007).

According to clause 37 of PBU 14/2007, reflection in accounting of transactions related to the granting of the right to use the result of intellectual activity or means of individualization (with the exception of the right to use the appellation of origin of goods) is carried out on the basis of:

– licensing agreements;

– commercial concession agreements. Under the commercial concession agreement in accordance with Art. 1027 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the copyright holder undertakes to provide the user, for a fee for a period or without specifying a period, the right to use in the user’s business activities a complex of exclusive rights belonging to the copyright holder, including the right to a trademark, service mark, as well as rights to other objects of exclusive rights provided for in the contract, in particular to commercial designation, production secret (know-how);

– other similar agreements concluded in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Intangible assets (hereinafter referred to as intangible assets) provided by the copyright holder (licensor) for use (while retaining exclusive rights) are not written off from accounting and are subject to separate reflection by the copyright holder (licensor).

The chart of accounts for reflecting information about intangible assets is account 04 “Intangible assets”, analytical accounting for which is carried out for individual objects of intangible assets, and the construction of accounting should provide the ability to obtain information about the presence and movement of objects. Thus, it is advisable to open a subaccount “Intangible assets transferred for use” to account 04.

Receipts associated with the provision for a fee of rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property are reflected in accounting according to the Chart of Accounts under the credit of subaccount 91-1 “Other income” in correspondence with the accounts of settlements or cash .

In accounting, the reflection of transactions for the provision of intellectual property for use depends on the type of payments provided for in the agreement.

According to clause 15 of PBU 9/99, license payments for the use of intellectual property, when this is not the subject of the organization’s activities, are recognized in accounting based on the assumption of temporary certainty of the facts of economic activity and the terms of the relevant agreement.

The receipt of a one-time payment will be reflected in the debit of account 51 “Current accounts” and the credit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”.

Then, every month during the validity of the agreement, the organization will recognize as part of other income the amount of payments falling on the reporting period, making an entry in the debit of account 76 and the credit of account 91, subaccount 91-1 “Other income”.

Here we note that the implementation on the territory of the Russian Federation of exclusive rights to inventions, utility models, industrial designs, computer programs, databases, topologies of integrated circuits, production secrets (know-how), as well as rights to use the specified results of intellectual activity on based on the license agreement in accordance with paragraphs. 26 clause 2 art. 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

The agreement may also provide for combined payments - one-time payments for the acquisition of non-exclusive rights and periodic payments received during the term of the agreement.

Receipts related to participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations, when this is not the main activity of the organization, are also recognized as other income of the organization.

The concept of “dividends” is associated with joint stock companies and limited liability companies.

According to Art. 42 of the Federal Law of December 26, 1995 N 208-FZ “On Joint-Stock Companies”, the company has the right, based on the results of the first quarter, six months, nine months of the financial year and (or) based on the results of the financial year, to make decisions (announce) on the payment of dividends on placed shares , unless otherwise provided by the said Federal Law.

Dividends are paid in money, and in cases provided for by the company's charter - in other property. Decisions on the payment of dividends, including decisions on the size of the dividend and the form of its payment on shares of each category (type), are made by the general meeting of shareholders, unless otherwise provided by Federal Law No. 208-FZ.

Article 28 of the Federal Law of February 8, 1998 N 14-FZ “On Limited Liability Companies” determines that the company has the right to make a decision quarterly, once every six months or once a year on the distribution of its net profit among the participants of the company. The decision to determine the part of the company's profit distributed among the company's participants is made by the general meeting of the company's participants. Distribution is made in proportion to the shares of participants in the authorized capital of the company.

According to the Chart of Accounts, income related to participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations, as well as interest and other income on securities during the reporting period are reflected in the credit of subaccount 91-1 “Other income” in correspondence with the settlement accounts. In particular, settlements for dividends and other income due to the organization are reflected in the debit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, subaccount 76-3 “Settlements for dividends due and other income”.

Assets received by an organization on account of income are taken into account as a debit to asset accounting accounts and a credit to subaccount 76-3.

Other income of the organization is recognized as profit received as a result of joint activities (under a simple partnership agreement).

The rules for reflecting business transactions in accounting in cases of joint activities are established by the Accounting Regulations “Information on participation in joint activities” PBU 20/03, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 24, 2003 N 105n (hereinafter referred to as PBU 20/03) .

Let us remind you that according to Art. 1041 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, under a simple partnership agreement, two or more persons (partners) undertake to pool their contributions and act together without forming a legal entity to make a profit.

In accordance with Art. 1043 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, accounting for common property may be entrusted to one of several legal entities participating in a simple partnership agreement.

Each partner organization includes profit from joint activities to be received as part of other income (clause 14 of PBU 20/03).

At the end of the reporting period, the resulting financial result - retained earnings - is distributed among the parties to the joint activity agreement in the manner prescribed by the agreement.

A partner conducting common affairs, in accordance with clause 20 of PBU 20/03, draws up and presents to the participants in the agreement on joint activities, in the manner and within the time limits established by the agreement, the information they need to generate reporting, tax and other documentation.

According to the Chart of Accounts, the profit received by the organization under a simple partnership agreement is reflected in the credit of subaccount 91-1 “Other income” in correspondence with account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, subaccount 76-3 “Settlements for due dividends and other income."

Proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, and goods are recognized as other income of the organization.

Let's consider the operation of selling a fixed asset. In case of sale of an item of fixed assets, its disposal takes place. The cost of a retiring fixed asset based on clause 29 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for Fixed Assets” PBU 6/01, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 N 26n (hereinafter referred to as PBU 6/01), is subject to write-off from the organization’s accounting records .

It is advisable to record the write-off of the cost of a fixed asset in a separate subaccount opened to account 01 “Fixed Assets”. If an organization accounts for fixed assets in subaccount 01-1 “Fixed assets in the organization,” then disposal of objects can be reflected, for example, in subaccount 01-2 “Disposal of fixed assets.”

In case of write-off of a fixed asset as a result of sale, proceeds from the sale, in accordance with clause 30 of PBU 6/01, are accepted for accounting in the amount agreed upon by the parties to the sale and purchase agreement. Income and expenses from writing off fixed assets from accounting are reflected in the reporting period to which they relate.

In accordance with the Chart of Accounts, receipts related to the sale and other write-off of fixed assets and other assets other than cash in Russian currency, products, goods are reflected in the credit of account 91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount “Other income” , in correspondence with accounts for settlements or cash.

As a result of the sale of an item of fixed assets, an organization can receive both profit and loss. Profit and loss are determined on the date of the transaction for the sale of a fixed asset, that is, they are taken into account at a time.

Example. A VAT payer organization sells a car in November. The contractual cost of the car is 172,280 rubles, including VAT 18% – 26,280 rubles.

The initial cost of the car is 336,960 rubles.

The useful life established by the organization when accepting the vehicle for registration is 5 years, the actual service life until the moment of sale is 3 years.

Depreciation was accrued using the linear method, the amount of accrued depreciation was RUB 202,176. The residual value of the car is 134,784 rubles.

Debit 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” Credit 91-1 “Other income”

– 172,280 rub. – the buyer’s debt for the sold car is taken into account;

Debit 91-2 “Other expenses” Credit 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”

– 26,280 rub. – VAT is charged on the sales amount;

Debit 01-2 “Disposal of fixed assets” Credit 01-1 “Fixed assets in the organization”

– 336,960 rub. – the disposal of the car as a result of sale is reflected;

Debit 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets” Credit 01-2 “Disposal of fixed assets”

– 202,176 rub. – the amount of depreciation accrued during the operation of the vehicle is written off;

Debit 91-2 “Other expenses” Credit 01-2 “Disposal of fixed assets”

– 134,784 rub. – the residual value of the sold car is written off;

Debit 51 “Settlements” Credit 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” (62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”)

– 172,280 rub. – funds have been received from the buyer;

Debit 91-9 “Balance of other income and expenses” Credit 99 “Profits and losses”

– 11,216 rub. – profit from the sale of the car is reflected.

Other income of the organization is recognized as interest received for the provision of the organization's funds for use, as well as interest for the bank's use of funds held in the organization's account with this bank.

According to Art. 807 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, under a loan agreement, one party (the lender) transfers into the ownership of the other party (borrower) money or other things determined by generic characteristics, and the borrower undertakes to return to the lender the same amount of money (loan amount) or an equal number of other things received by him of the same kind and quality. The loan agreement is considered concluded from the moment the money or other things are transferred.

Unless otherwise provided by law or the loan agreement, then in accordance with Art. 809 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the lender has the right to receive interest from the borrower on the loan amount in the amount and in the manner specified in the agreement. If there is no provision in the agreement on the amount of interest, their amount is determined by the existing bank interest rate (refinancing rate) at the place of residence of the lender, and if the lender is a legal entity, at its location on the day the borrower pays the amount of the debt or its corresponding part. Unless otherwise agreed, interest is paid monthly until the date of repayment of the loan amount.

It should be noted that loans provided to other organizations are considered to be the organization’s financial investments.

The rules for the formation in accounting of information about an organization’s financial investments are established by the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for Financial Investments” PBU 19/02, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 10, 2002 N 126n (hereinafter referred to as PBU 19/02).

The chart of accounts for summarizing information on monetary loans provided to other legal entities and individuals (except for employees of the organization) is account 58 “Financial investments”, subaccount 58-3 “Loans provided”.

Loans provided are reflected in the debit of subaccount 58-3 in correspondence with the credit of account 51 “Current accounts” or other relevant accounts. The repayment of the loan is reflected in the debit of account 51 “Current accounts” or other relevant accounts and the credit of subaccount 58-3 “Loans provided”.

Income from financial investments, according to clause 34 of PBU 19/02, is recognized as income from ordinary activities or other income.

If the provision of loans is not the subject of activity for the organization, then, according to clause 16 of PBU 9/99, interest received for the provision of borrowed funds is recognized as other income and is reflected in the credit of account 91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount 91-2 “Other income " The date of recognition of income in this case is each expired reporting period.

Example. The lender organization provided the borrower organization with a cash loan in the amount of RUB 326,000 on July 1, 2013. for a period of 1 month. The interest rate under the loan agreement is 14% per annum. The terms of the loan agreement stipulate that interest under the agreement is paid simultaneously with the repayment of the loan amount.

In the accounting records of the lending organization, operations for granting a loan and calculating interest will be reflected as follows:

In July 2013

Debit 58-3 “Loans provided” Credit 51 “Current accounts”

– 326,000 – funds provided under the loan agreement are reflected in financial investments;

Debit 76, subaccount “Calculations for interest due”, Credit 91-1 “Other income”

– 3876.27 rub. – interest accrued due for July 2013 ((RUB 326,000 x 14%) / 365 days x 31 days).

In August 2013

Debit 51 “Account calculations” Credit 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, subaccount “Calculations for interest due”,

– 3876.27 rub. – interest received under the loan agreement;

Debit 51 “Current accounts” Credit 58-3 “Loans provided”

– 326,000 rub. – the loan amount is returned.

Fines, penalties, and penalties for violation of contract terms are also recognized as other expenses of the organization.

Penalty (fine, penalty) in accordance with Art. 330 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation recognizes the amount of money determined by law or contract, which the debtor is obliged to pay to the creditor in the event of non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of the obligation, in particular in the case of delay in fulfillment.

According to clause 10.2 of PBU 9/99, fines, penalties, penalties for violations of the terms of contracts, as well as compensation for losses caused to the organization, are accepted for accounting in amounts awarded by the court or recognized by the debtor. In accounting, these amounts are recognized in the reporting period in which the court made a decision to collect them or they were recognized as a debtor; this rule is established by clause 16 of PBU 9/99.

If the debtor refuses to recognize the amounts of fines, penalties, or penalties for violating the terms of the contract, the creditor has the right to file a claim with the arbitration court. If the arbitration court makes a positive decision, the amounts of sanctions are reflected in the accounting records one month after the court decision is made.

If the debtor agrees to pay the amounts of penalties voluntarily, he must either pay the penalties or confirm his consent to their payment in writing.

According to the Chart of Accounts, settlements for fines, penalties and penalties imposed and recognized (or awarded) for non-compliance with contractual obligations in the amounts recognized by payers or awarded by the court are reflected in account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, subaccount 76-2 “ Settlements on claims”, in correspondence with account 91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount 91-1 “Other income”.

Receipts to compensate for losses caused to the organization, recognized as other income, are reflected in accounting in a similar manner.

Other income recognizes assets received free of charge, including under a gift agreement.

According to the gift agreement in accordance with Art. 572 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, one party (the donor) gratuitously transfers or undertakes to transfer to the other party (the donee) a thing into ownership.

We should not forget that donations are not allowed, with the exception of ordinary gifts, the value of which does not exceed three thousand rubles, in relations between commercial organizations. Such a prohibition is established by paragraphs. 4 paragraphs 1 art. 575 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

In addition to the above income, other income of the organization is also recognized:

– profit of previous years identified in the reporting year;

– amounts of accounts payable and depositors for which the statute of limitations has expired;

- exchange differences;

– the amount of revaluation of assets;