Apes general characteristics. Family of great apes. The main enemy is man

Great apes, or ( Hominoidae) is a superfamily of primates, which includes 24 species. Although people treat Hominoidea, the term "ape" does not apply to humans and describes non-human primates.

Classification

Apes are classified in the following taxonomic hierarchy:

• Domain: ;
• Kingdom: ;
• Type: ;
• Class: ;
• Squad: ;
• Superfamily: Hominoids.

The term ape refers to a group of primates that includes the families: hominids (chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans) and gibbons. Scientific name Hominoidea refers to apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, gibbons) as well as humans (i.e., it ignores the fact that humans prefer not to call themselves apes).

The gibbon family is the most diverse, with 16 species. Another family, the hominids, is less diverse and includes: chimpanzees (2 species), gorillas (2 species), orangutans (3 species) and humans (1 species).

Evolution

The record is incomplete, but scientists believe that ancient hominoids diverged from the apes between 29 and 34 million years ago. The first modern hominoids appeared about 25 million years ago. Gibbons were the first group to diverge from other groups, about 18 million years ago, followed by the lineage of orangutans (about 14 million years ago), and gorillas (about 7 million years ago).

The most recent split occurred between humans and chimpanzees about 5 million years ago. The closest living relatives of hominoids are the Old World monkeys, or marmosets.

Environment and habitat

Hominoids live throughout the Western and Central regions, as well as in the Southeast. Orangutans are found only in Asia, chimpanzees inhabit Western and Central Africa, gorillas are common in Central Africa, and gibbons live in Southeast Asia.

Description

Most hominoids, with the exception of humans and gorillas, are skilled as well as flexible climbers. Gibbons are the most agile arboreal primates of all hominids. They can jump along branches, moving quickly and efficiently through trees.

Compared to other primates, hominoids have a lower center of gravity, a shortened spine relative to their body length, a wide pelvis, and a broad chest. Their overall physique gives them a more upright posture than other primates. Their shoulder blades are located on their back, allowing for a wide range of motion. Hominoids also do not have a tail. Together, these characteristics give hominoids a better balance than their closest living relatives, the Old World monkeys. Hominoids are therefore more stable when standing on two legs or swinging their limbs, and hanging from tree branches.

Hominoids are very intelligent and capable of problem solving. Chimpanzees and orangutans make and use simple tools. Scientists studying orangutans in captivity have noted the primates' ability to use sign language, solve puzzles, and recognize symbols.

Nutrition

The diet of hominoids includes leaves, seeds, nuts, fruits and a limited number of animals. Most species, but fruits are the preferred food. Chimpanzees and orangutans primarily eat fruit. When gorillas lack fruit at certain times of the year or in certain regions, they feed on shoots and leaves, often bamboo. Gorillas are well adapted to chew and digest such a low-nutrient food, but these primates still prefer fruit when it is available. Hominoid teeth are similar to those of Old World monkeys, although they are especially large in gorillas.

Reproduction

Gestation in hominoids lasts from 7 to 9 months and leads to the birth of one offspring or, less commonly, two. The cubs are born helpless and require care for a long time. Compared to most other mammals, hominoids have a surprisingly long period of breastfeeding. In most species, full maturity occurs at the age of 8-13 years. As a result, females typically give birth only once every few years.

Behavior

Like most primates, hominoids form social groups, the structure of which varies among species. Gibbons form monogamous pairs. Orangutans are an exception to the social norm of primates; they lead a solitary life.

Chimpanzees form groups that can number from 40 to 100 individuals. Large groups of chimpanzees break up into smaller groups when fruit becomes less available. If small groups of dominant male chimpanzees go off to find food, the females will often copulate with other males in their group.

Gorillas live in groups of 5 to 10 or more individuals, but they remain together regardless of the availability of fruit. When fruits are difficult to find, they resort to eating leaves and shoots. Because gorillas stay together, the male is able to monopolize the females in his group. This fact is associated with more in gorillas than chimpanzees. In both chimpanzees and gorillas, groups include at least one dominant male, with females leaving the group in adulthood.

Threats

Many hominoid species are endangered due to extermination, poaching, and hunting for bushmeat and skins. Both chimpanzee species are critically endangered. Gorillas are on the verge of extinction. Eleven of the sixteen gibbon species are becoming extinct.

It’s probably no secret to anyone that for a long time in scientific circles the monkey was considered our closest relative, and the origin of man was traced back to the monkey. Now this scientific theory is being questioned; not all scientists believe that we, the so-called “Homo sapiens,” descended from monkeys. However, scientific debates on this matter are still ongoing, but our article is not about this, but about those amazing creatures, our smaller brothers, who, among all the diverse animal world of planet Earth, are really most similar in structure to us, people.

Monkey: description, structure, characteristics. What does a monkey look like?

Let's start with the fact that the very origin of the name “monkey” is very curious. Until the 16th century, we called the monkey “opitsa”; by the way, the Czechs still call it that way. After the Russian traveler Afanasy Nikitin returned from his famous trip to India, he brought into use the Persian name “abuzina,” literally meaning “father of fornication.” Subsequently, the Persian “abuzina” was transformed into “monkey”.

The body length of a monkey, depending on its species, can range from 15 cm (for the pygmy marmoset) to 2 m (for the gorilla). Also, the mass of a monkey can range from 150 grams for the smallest representatives of the species, up to 275 kg - this is how much huge gorillas weigh.

Many monkeys lead an arboreal lifestyle, that is, they primarily live in trees and, as a result, have a long back, a shortened narrow chest, and thin hip bones. But orangutans and gibbons have a wide chest and massive pelvic bones.

Some monkeys have a very long tail, the length of which can even exceed the size of the body; the monkey's tail acts as a balancer when moving between trees. But monkeys living on the ground have a very short tail. As for monkeys without a tail, all “humanoid” monkeys do not have it (just as humans do not have it).

The body of monkeys is covered with fur of different colors, depending on the species it can be light brown, red, black and white, gray-olive. Some adult monkeys may turn gray with age, and male monkeys may go bald, again much like humans.

Monkeys have mobile, well-developed upper limbs, very similar to our hands, each with five fingers, and monkeys living in trees have short and large fingers, which allows them to comfortably fly from branch to branch.

Monkeys have binocular vision, many of them have black pupils.

The teeth of monkeys are also similar to humans; narrow-nosed monkeys have 32 teeth, and broad-nosed monkeys have 36.

The monkey’s brain is also very well developed; among other representatives of the animal world, only dolphins could compete with monkeys in terms of intelligence. Apes have entire sections of the brain responsible for meaningful actions.

Monkeys communicate with each other using a special signaling system consisting of facial expressions and sounds. The most “chatty” among them are monkeys and capuchins; they have rich facial expressions and are able to express a wide range of feelings.

Where do monkeys live

Monkeys live on all continents, with the exception of Antarctica, of course. In Europe they live only in Gibraltar, in southeast Asia, Africa (with the exception of Madagascar), Central and South America, and Australia.

Monkey lifestyle

Monkeys live in small families and, according to their lifestyle, are divided into arboreal monkeys, living in trees, and terrestrial monkeys, living on the ground. Monkeys tend to be sedentary and rarely leave their territory.

Sometimes there are clashes between male monkeys, with the goal of resolving the answer to the question “who is the main male here,” although often such clashes are limited to a demonstration of the strength of each male and do not lead to a real fight.

How long do monkeys live?

On average, the life expectancy of monkeys is 30-40 years. However, great apes live longer; they can live up to 50 years.

What do monkeys eat?

Monkeys are omnivores, and their diet depends on the species and also the habitat. Tree monkeys eat everything that can be obtained from the trees - various fruits, nuts, and sometimes insects.

Land monkeys eat rhizomes and shoots of plants (for example, ferns are a favorite delicacy of the gorilla), fruits (figs, mangoes, and, of course, bananas). Also, some monkeys know how to fish and happily eat mollusks, rodents, grasshoppers, beetles and other small animals.

Although there are species of monkeys that eat only one, specific food, for example, Japanese stump-tailed macaques are pure vegetarians and feed exclusively on tree bark, and the crab-eating macaque, as its name suggests, feeds on crabs.

Monkey Enemies

Unfortunately, the monkeys themselves have many natural enemies who are not averse to feasting on these primates. The most sworn enemies of monkeys are leopards, who are also capable of climbing trees well, and other predatory animals - lions, cheetahs.

Types of monkeys, photos and names

In general, all types of monkeys can be divided into:

• broad-nosed monkeys - this includes monkeys living on the American continent,
• narrow-nosed monkeys are all other monkeys that live in Africa, Asia, Australia and European Gibraltar.

Regarding different species of monkeys, zoologists have separately distinguished the species of anthropoid apes, species of small monkeys, etc. In general, there are more than 400 species of these primates in nature, below we will describe the most interesting of them.

It is a member of the spider monkey family. It is so named due to the fact that it produces characteristic sounds that can be heard at a distance of up to 5 km. Male black howler monkeys are covered with black fur and fully justify their name, but female black howler monkeys are not black at all, their fur is yellow-brown or olive in color. The length of this monkey is 56-67 cm, with a weight of 6.7 kg. The black howler monkey lives in South America, in countries such as Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina, and Bolivia.

Belonging to the prehensile-tailed family, the capuchin is an arboreal monkey that lives in trees. The weight of a capuchin is 3 kg. It has a brown or gray-brown color. A very curious feature of this species of monkeys is their habit of rubbing themselves with poisonous centipedes () to protect themselves from blood-sucking insects. Mourning capuchins live in the crowns of tropical forests in Brazil and Venezuela.

It got its unusual name thanks to its gray color with shades of blue and a white stripe of fur that runs over the eyebrows like a crown. The body length of the crowned monkey is 50-60 cm and weighs 5-6 kg. Monkeys live in African forests from the Congo River basin to Ethiopia and Angola.

Belongs to the apes of the gibbon family. It is 55-65 cm in length and weighs 5-6 kg. The coat color of the white-handed gibbon can be black, sand or brown, but its hands are always white, hence the name. These gibbons live in the tropical forests of China and the Malay Archipelago.

Eastern gorilla

Gorilla is the largest ape in the world. The average size of a gorilla is 185 cm with a body weight of 180 kg. Although sometimes you come across larger gorillas, weighing up to 220 kg. These huge monkeys are distinguished by their large heads, broad shoulders, and open chests. The color of the gorilla's coat is black; in old age, gorillas, like people, can turn gray. Despite their menacing appearance, gorillas prefer to eat grass and plant shoots rather than hunt game. Gorillas live in the equatorial forests of Central and Western Africa.

He is also a white-headed saki, in our opinion this monkey has the strangest appearance - the black color of his fur contrasts brightly with the white color of his face. The size of pale saki is 30-48 cm and weighs 2 kg. This is an arboreal monkey living in the forests of Brazil, Venezuela, and Suriname.

He is also a frog baboon, a species of narrow-nosed monkeys that spend their entire lives exclusively on the ground. It is also a fairly large monkey, the body length of the hamadryas is 70-100 cm, weight 30 kg. It also has an unusual appearance - long hair on the shoulders and chest forms a kind of fur cape. The hamadryas lives in both Africa and Asia in a number of countries, such as Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Yemen.

The proboscis monkey, also known as kahau, belongs to the monkey family. A striking feature of this monkey is its large nose, which the monkeys even have to hold with their hands while eating. It has a yellow-brown color. The size of the proboscis monkey is 66-77 cm and weighs 15-22 kg. It also has a long tail, which is equal in size to the length of their body. These unusual species of monkeys live exclusively on the island of Borneo.

Living in the northern part of the Japanese island of Honshu, this monkey is a real calling card of these places. The size of the Japanese macaque is 80-95 cm, weight 12-14 kg. These monkeys have bright red skin, which is especially noticeable on their face and buttocks, which are devoid of fur. Macaques living in northern Japan survive the cold winter months in special thermal springs, warming up in their hot waters (and at the same time attracting crowds of tourists from all over the world).

The Sumatran orangutan is a fairly large monkey, its size reaches one and a half meters and weighs 150-160 kg. In terms of size, the orangutan ranks second after the gorilla. It has well-developed muscles, a massive body covered with red hair, and is an excellent tree climber. The orangutan's face has fat pads located on the cheeks, and the beard and mustache give it a very funny look. The charismatic Sumatran orangutan lives exclusively on the island of Sumatra.

For some reason, monkeys are most associated with chimpanzees, which are the most characteristic representative of the monkey kingdom. Chimpanzees are also relatively large monkeys, their body length is 140-160 cm and their weight is 65-80 kg, that is, they are the same size as humans. The body of a chimpanzee is covered with black fur. It is also very curious that these anthropoid apes are the only ones who thought of creating a kind of tools that facilitate the process of obtaining food, they are able to sharpen the ends of sticks, turning them into imitation spears, they can use stone leaves as traps for insects, etc. Without a doubt, chimpanzees are the most intelligent among monkeys, and if Darwin’s theory is right, then they are the ones who are in the closest family relationship with us humans. Chimpanzees live mainly in Central and Western Africa.

And finally, it was impossible not to mention the pygmy marmoset - the smallest monkey in the world. Its length is only 10-15 cm, weight – 100-150 grams. They live in the forests of South America, feeding exclusively on tree sap.

Reproduction of monkeys in nature

Monkey reproduction occurs throughout the year and each species has its own individual characteristics. Puberty in monkeys usually occurs at 7-8 years. Some species of monkeys are monogamous and create permanent families for life, others, such as capuchins, on the contrary, are polygamous, so female capuchins mate with several males, and the males do the same.

A monkey's pregnancy can last from 6 to 8.5 months, again depending on the species. Usually one baby is born at a time, but there are species of monkeys that can give birth to twins.

Little monkeys, like real primates, are fed with their mother's breast milk, and the period of feeding also varies from one monkey to another. The female gorilla feeds her cubs the longest - this period lasts up to 3.5 years.

Keeping monkeys at home

Despite the fact that monkeys are wild creatures, they are nevertheless very easy to train, get used to captivity, and, under favorable conditions, feel quite comfortable in zoos. True, keeping a monkey at home is not the best idea, they are terrible mischievous and restless, and if you have already decided to have a pet monkey, then you should be prepared for it to create real chaos in your home. To prevent this, the monkey can be kept in a spacious cage.

You can feed the monkey fish, chicken or turkey, boiled eggs, vegetables, nuts, and fresh fruits.

• Some species of monkeys are very clean and spend almost the whole day caring for their appearance.
• During the development of astronautics, 32 monkeys have already visited space.
• Spider monkeys have such a developed and strong tail that they can easily hang on a tree branch with its help alone.
• A group of American scientists managed to teach a female gorilla a certain number of words from the language of the deaf and dumb, after which she was able to quite successfully communicate with people.

Monkeys, video

And in conclusion, an interesting documentary about monkeys from the Discovery Channel - “Monkeys on the Warpath”

When writing the article, I tried to make it as interesting, useful and high-quality as possible. I would be grateful for any feedback and constructive criticism in the form of comments on the article. You can also write your wish/question/suggestion to my email. [email protected] or on Facebook, sincerely the author.

There is little doubt that hominoids - the great apes - originated in Africa, and for almost 10 million years their history was exclusively associated with this continent. One of the earliest hominoids is an ape found in East Africa, the so-called proconsul. The age of these remains is approximately 25 million years. But soon other representatives of great apes appeared in Africa: dryopithecus, micropithecus, afropithecus, etc. Their body weight varied from 3 to 150-170 kg (the weight of a female gorilla), they ate mainly fruits and young leaves. Scientists were lucky enough to find limb bones of some of them, thanks to which we know that hominoids walked on four legs and led a predominantly arboreal lifestyle.

Approximately 16-17 million years ago, when a land bridge was formed between Africa and Eurasia, the habitat of hominoids expanded significantly - they moved to the south of Europe and Asia. The most ancient fossil representatives of this group in Europe date back to 13-15 million years, and in Asia - about 12 million years. However, if in Asia, at least in its southeastern regions, they managed to thoroughly gain a foothold (and to this day great apes - orangutans and gibbons live there), then in Europe the conditions for them turned out to be less suitable, and, having experienced a “heyday ", hominoids went completely extinct about 8 million years ago. And although the number of ape species also declined significantly in Africa between 15 and 5 million years ago, it was this continent that remained the arena on which the main events of the drama called “Human Evolution” unfolded.

Here we will have to introduce a new term - hominids (not to be confused with hominoids!). The word “hominids” can be translated as “human” (not “humanoid”!). This term is usually understood to mean a person and all his supposed “lineal ancestors.” This means that from the several representatives of fossil apes known to us, we need to choose the one who followed the path of “humanization” - in contrast to all the others who “transformed” into modern apes - chimpanzees, gorilla, orangutan and gibbon. History has given us several candidates to choose from (which we can most often judge only from small fragments of bones).

Dryopithecus. These “tree monkeys” (drio means “tree” and nitek means “monkey”) lived in southern Asia, southern Europe, and Africa more than 15 million years ago. They were roughly the size of modern baboons or chimpanzees.

Ramapithecus, which succeeded Dryopithecus and existed for almost 10 million years, was named after the Hindu deity Rama. The first discovery was made in India among the Siwalik hills. A similar creature was also found in Kenya, and it was decided that it belongs to the same species as Ramapithecus. For some time, scientists saw Ramapithecus as our first hominid ancestor, but it is now believed that Ramapithecus most likely belongs to a side branch of evolution that ultimately led to the emergence of the orangutan, and not humans at all.

Sivapithecus got its name from the Hindu god Shiva (their bones were also first found in India). We have a very vague idea of ​​how they looked and moved.

Udabnopithecus - its bone remains (two teeth and a fragment of the upper jaw) were found in the Udabno area in South-Eastern Georgia. He lived about 15 million years ago.

Oreopithecus is much closer to our time - it is “only” about 7.5 million years old. It is known about him that he could live not in trees, but on the ground, but most likely he still moved on four limbs. Currently, most scientists believe that Oreopithecus eventually went extinct.

So, at different times, different fossil apes were considered candidates for the role of our direct ancestor, and this question has not yet been finally resolved. Unfortunately, we know almost nothing about the structure of the arms and legs of most of these monkeys - but this is very important to know in order to decide whether any of them had at least some ability to move on two rather than four limbs. Thus, the vacancy of the founder of the hominid family still remains vacant. True, there is still one contender to take it. This is Ouranopithecus, whose bones were discovered in northern Greece; its approximate age is 10 million years. According to experts, this creature could well have become the ancestor of both modern apes and humans.

When did our ancestors and the ancestors of modern apes diverge? An unusually complex genetic method - comparing human and ape DNA - showed that this happened 8-4 million years ago. Moreover, most likely, first the ancestors of the gorilla, and then the chimpanzee, separated from the main trunk. This means that we have a closer family relationship with chimpanzees. DNA comparisons between humans and chimpanzees indicate that their last common ancestor lived approximately 5.5 to 4 million years ago. This date generally does not contradict the data available today on bone finds.

One of these finds is the remains of a skeleton found in the town of Aramis in Ethiopia, in a geological layer that formed about 4.4 million years ago. At first, scientists decided that these bones belonged to the most ancient species of australopithecus (which will be discussed later), and called it Australopithecus ramidus (Australopithecus ramidus). But a few months later, the authors of the first description of the bones from Aramis considered that this creature still had not yet “grown up” to Australopithecus, and published an amendment in which it was presented to colleagues under the “name” Ardipithecus ramidus (Ardipithecus ramidus). One way or another, this same ramidus has not yet been properly studied, and practically nothing is known about its supposed contemporaries and, especially, predecessors.

The main source of information about the earliest stages of human origins were and remain the bones of australopithecines, of which, fortunately, quite a lot were preserved in sediments aged from 3.8 to 2 million years, and every year there are more and more new finds.

Apes

Human skeleton (1) and gorilla (2)

Apes, hominoids or anthropoids(lat. Hominoidea or Anthropomorphidae) - a superfamily of narrow-nosed monkeys (Catarrhini), having a body structure similar to that of humans.

According to the latest anthropological data and the generally accepted theory of the origin of species, all monkeys of the Old World (narrow-nosed monkeys) are divided into two large superfamilies: apes and apes. Many anatomical features distinguish the first and second. Apes are characterized by a larger body, lack of a tail, cheek pouches and ischial calluses (gibbons have them, but they are small). Apes have a fundamentally different way of moving through trees: instead of running along branches on all four limbs, they predominantly move on their hands, under the branches. This method of transportation is called brachiation. Adaptation to it caused a number of anatomical changes: more flexible and longer arms, a mobile shoulder joint, and a chest flattened in the anteroposterior direction.

All apes have a similar dental structure and a larger brain compared to apes. In addition, their brain is more complex, with highly developed sections responsible for the movements of the hand and tongue, and the organs of vision.

Leader gorilla on a tree

Classification

Female gorilla.

Traditionally, three families of apes have been recognized: gibbons, pongids (orangutans, gorillas and chimpanzees) and hominids (man and his ancestors). However, modern biochemical studies show that this division is unfounded, since the relationship between humans and pongids is very close. Therefore, the pongidae family is now included in the hominid family.

The modern classification of great apes is as follows (the word “genus” is not specified):

• Gibbon family or great apes (Hylobatidae)
  • Gibbons, Hylobates: gibbons and siamangs, 12-14 species
• Family hominids ( Hominidae)
  • Subfamily Ponginae
    • Orangutans, Pongo: 2 types
  • Subfamily Homininae
    • Gorillas, Gorilla: 2 types
    • Chimpanzee, Pan: 2 types
    • People , Homo: the only modern species is Homo sapiens

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See what “Humanoids” are in other dictionaries:

- (Anthropoidea), suborder of PRIMATES, including monkeys and humans. Apes have flatter human-like faces, larger brain volumes, and larger body sizes than lower primates... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

Apes ... Wikipedia

Representatives of two families of primates Hylobatidae (gibbons, or small apes) and Pongidae (great apes, or actually apes: orangutans, gorillas and chimpanzees). Both groups, together with humans, are included in the superfamily... ... Collier's Encyclopedia

Same as pongids... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Hominoids, anthropoids (Hominoidea, Anthropomorphidae), superfamily of narrow-nosed monkeys. It is believed that the origins of the development of Ch. o. was a parapithecus from the Oligocene of Egypt. Numerous in the Miocene. and various C. o. inhabited Europe, India, Africa. 3rd semester:… … Biological encyclopedic dictionary

Same as pongids. * * * APEES Apes, a group of higher narrow-nosed monkeys (see NARROW-NOSED MONKEYS), the most highly developed among the monkeys of the Old World; includes gibbons, orangutans, chimpanzees and gorillas... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Great apes- the same as pongids, large apes, a family of narrow-nosed monkeys of the primate order, includes three genera: gorilla, orangutan, chimpanzee ... The beginnings of modern natural science

great apes- žmoginės beždžionės statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas šeima apibrėžtis Šeimoje 4 gentys. Kūno masė – 5,300 kg, kūno ilgis – 45,180 cm. atitikmenys: lot. Pongidae English anthropoid apes vok. Menschenaffen rus. higher narrow-nosed... ... Žinduolių pavadinimų žodynas

Or anthropoids (Anthropomorphidae), a group of higher primates. Together with the family hominids, they form the superfamily of anthropoid primates (Hominoidea). According to the most common system, Ch. include 2 families: Gibbons, or... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

- (characteristics see Narrow-nosed monkeys) embrace three living genera: orangutan (Simia), chimpanzee (Troglodytes s. Anthropopithecus) and gorilla (Gorilla). Some also include gibbons (see Narrow-nosed monkeys). Orang living on... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Books

• Great apes, . Long-term study of monkeys made it possible to learn a lot about their life, developed intelligence, and ability to speak. Scientists learned about the origin of aesthetic feeling by seeing how they draw...

Representatives of two families of primates Hylobatidae (gibbons, or small apes) and Pongidae (great apes, or actually apes: orangutans, gorillas and chimpanzees). Both groups, together with humans, are included in the superfamily... ... Collier's Encyclopedia

Same as pongids... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Hominoids, anthropoids (Hominoidea, Anthropomorphidae), superfamily of narrow-nosed monkeys. It is believed that the origins of the development of Ch. o. was a parapithecus from the Oligocene of Egypt. Numerous in the Miocene. and various C. o. inhabited Europe, India, Africa. 3rd semester:… … Biological encyclopedic dictionary

Same as pongids. * * * APEES Apes, a group of higher narrow-nosed monkeys (see NARROW-NOSED MONKEYS), the most highly developed among the monkeys of the Old World; includes gibbons, orangutans, chimpanzees and gorillas... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

great apes- žmoginės beždžionės statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas šeima apibrėžtis Šeimoje 4 gentys. Kūno masė – 5,300 kg, kūno ilgis – 45,180 cm. atitikmenys: lot. Pongidae English anthropoid apes vok. Menschenaffen rus. higher narrow-nosed... ... Žinduolių pavadinimų žodynas

Great apes- the same as pongids, large apes, a family of narrow-nosed monkeys of the primate order, includes three genera: gorilla, orangutan, chimpanzee ... The beginnings of modern natural science

- (characteristics see Narrow-nosed monkeys) embrace three living genera: orangutan (Simia), chimpanzee (Troglodytes s. Anthropopithecus) and gorilla (Gorilla). Some also include gibbons (see Narrow-nosed monkeys). Orang living on... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Or anthropoids (Anthropomorphidae), a group of higher primates. Together with the family hominids, they form the superfamily of anthropoid primates (Hominoidea). According to the most common system, Ch. include 2 families: Gibbons, or... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Same as pongids... Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary

great apes- zool. A family of monkeys that includes the gorilla, orangutan, chimpanzee... Dictionary of many expressions

Books

• Great apes, . Long-term study of monkeys made it possible to learn a lot about their life, developed intelligence, and ability to speak. Scientists learned about the origin of aesthetic feeling by seeing how they draw...
• Apes, Drescher W. Why do chimpanzees perform the "rain dance" and why can't apes achieve the vocabulary of a parrot? Why do monkeys dig into each other's fur and why do chimpanzees sleep in trees? For what…
• What did the “talking” monkeys talk about: Are higher animals capable of operating with symbols? , Z. A. Zorina. The book describes the results of experiments in the last third of the twentieth century, proving the ability of great apes and some other higher vertebrates to master the simplest analogues...