The era of disposables. Bor Niels - quotes, aphorisms, sayings, phrases
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1 HUMANITY WILL NOT DIE IN AN ATOMIC NIGHTMARE IT WILL CHOKE IN OWN WASTE Niels Bohr, nuclear physicist
2 PROJECT ON THE THEME: "GARBAGE IS A SERIOUS BUSINESS!" Completed by Maxim Nikolaev Student 4 "b" class MOU secondary school 2 Head Karaulova Olga Aleksandrovna
3 PROJECT OBJECTIVE: TO FIND OUT WHETHER IT IS POSSIBLE TO “WIN” GARBAGE
4 . OBJECTIVES: Find out the types of garbage Find out where all household waste “goes” Find out how to dispose of garbage Find out if there is value in garbage? Find ways to solve the "garbage" problem
7 INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION HOUSEHOLD
November 8 100 kg. December 120kg. January 140 kg. The amount of garbage by months (family of 4 people) The amount of garbage per person per month 30 kg. 360 kg. The amount of waste per person per year
9 for 1 year pers. in Ust-Kut
10 Type of garbage Damage to nature Harm to humans Decomposition time rotting Food waste practically does not cause food waste nursery 1 2 weeks of microbes Waste paper, paper Paint, which paper is coated with, can emit toxic gases Paint can release toxic substances when decomposing 2 3 years (in some cases up to 8 years) are poisonous to many canned organisms, the sharp edges of the cans hurt when walking barefoot; have been hurting animals for over 90 years
11 water in jars broken environment for the development of Glass containers, glass, glass containers can cause plastic bottle larvae to injure blood-sucking from years and animals, insects, more than the occurrence of injury when walking barefoot in a fire; Food packaging, various types of plastics can be ingested by animals Plastics can release toxic substances when decomposing 100 years or more Batteries are poisonous to many organisms poisonous to humans for more than 10 years
12 "Garbology" (from English garbage or musbology) is a science that studies garbage waste and methods for its disposal, as well as these scientists are looking for safe ways to process and destroy garbage. Recycling is garbage disposal
13 Waste incineration Problems: 1. need large areas; 2. garbage does not burn well; 3. A huge amount of soot and harmful organic compounds are emitted into the atmosphere.
14 Recycling This is the most environmentally friendly option for waste management, which does not increase its volume. Waste processing plants are built to process waste. Before starting waste disposal, they must be sorted.
15 Organization of landfills To organize a landfill, you need to take into account: 1. The wind rose in the area of the landfill; 2. Distance from the settlement; 3. Water permeability of soils; 4. Territory area; 5. Location convenient for transport access.
16 Waste management in Russia processing incineration disposal for 2012
17 Unauthorized landfills City landfill 0.4% of the city area
19 Do you think that our city is littered? Questioning The most littered places in microdistrict. "Rechniki" 13 2 yes not very river bank Zverev park 85 no district shopping center "Comfort" other places Who litters the most? The main reason for the clutter in the city is preschoolers, primary school students, teenagers, youth, adults, few trash cans and containers, poor work of janitors, poor waste collection and disposal system, low level of culture of residents
21 The value of waste Energy waste crushing burning electricity gas It is possible to obtain about 8% of the city's total energy demand
22 Waste value Biological waste composting fermentation gas A 60-hectare landfill can provide heating for 10 thousand apartments, and the emission of harmful substances is 40% less compared to coal
23 The value of waste Solid domestic waste sorting crushing compaction processing remelting various products solid fuel
24 Types of solid waste Food waste Waste paper Products made from natural fabrics Wooden products wood Tin cans made of galvanized or tin-plated iron Scrap metal, iron or cast iron Foil (aluminum) Cans from beer and other drinks (aluminum and its alloys) Glass containers (glass) Bricks (baked and aluminosilicate) Plastic products Batteries (zinc, carbon, manganese oxide) Method of recycling composting processing into wrapping paper composting processing into paper or wood chip material remelting together with metal remelting remelting remelting use for its intended purpose or remelting processing into crumbs Remelting zinc can be used in the laboratory
25 10 Do you dispose of rubbish in the proper place? 10 yes 80 Questioning no not always 44 Are you satisfied with the way garbage is taken out in your neighborhood? Yes No I didn't think about it I don't care How would you react if you were offered to participate in a separate waste collection campaign? agree most likely agree most likely refuse refuse definitely 40 What types of waste could you sort at home? food plastic glass waste paper nothing
29 Ways to solve the “garbage” problem Installation of closed containers for garbage in sufficient quantities Organizing a system for collecting and removing garbage Organizing the collection of scrap metal, waste paper, glass containers Using packaging that dissolves in the soil
30 Everyone can do it: DO NOT litter! do not buy more than you may need clothes, old toys, books do not throw away, but give to those in need when going to the store to use a shopping bag, rather than buying plastic bags reduce the use of disposable tableware throw garbage in the right place take part in garbage collection Saturdays
31 CONCLUSIONS: I found out what kind of garbage is and how it is disposed of I got acquainted with the science that studies garbage waste I found out the value of garbage I found and proposed ways to deal with urban clogging
32 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
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"Humanity will not perish in the atomic nightmare - it will suffocate in its own waste."
This phrase was once said by the great physicist Niels Bohr and is now turning into a prophecy. This is also confirmed by the independent international organization Global Footprint Network, which has been calculating environmental loads for many years. Not so long ago, she stated that on August 21, 2010, mankind had exhausted the possibilities of safe storage and storage of waste on the surface of the Earth.
This problem is relatively new. Until the middle of the 19th century, mankind not only did not worry about where to put the garbage, but did not even single it out as a separate task. At that time, Dahl's dictionary interpreted the word "garbage" as "remnants, rubbish from masonry and stove work; broken stone, brick, clay, lime, sometimes with ash and coal, scale, shards. That is, the garbage of that time was either organic, respectively, safely decayed and decomposed without causing damage to the environment, or was akin to natural elements, such as rubble. With proper disposal, even bringing benefits to their secondary use.
Today, mankind annually produces more than two billion tons of waste, which basically cannot be recycled, or this processing is very expensive and unprofitable in principle. And now 20 times more garbage appears on the surface of the Earth every day than 50 years ago.
The year 1908 can safely be considered the beginning of this process. It was then that the American Hugh Moore published a revealing article about the unhygienic nature of common utensils and launched a campaign against the "public tin mug." This company was not only public, but also quite mercantile in nature - it was Hugh Moore who soon founded an enterprise for the production of individual paper cups, having patented this undertaking.
The business turned out to be super profitable, and by 1960, disposable cups were being sold in America for $50 million a year. Which at that price level was an astronomical sum.
The baton was picked up by Marion Donovan, deputy editor of Vogue magazine, who found a way to make caring for her newborn daughter easier. Yes, it was she who invented what is now known as diapers.
But the very concept of disposable things was invented by Marcel Bic. The basis of the concept was the idea that "things should cost so much that everyone can just throw them away without hesitation, but if necessary buy new ones. And throw them away as soon as they are no longer needed." At first, he made disposable refills for newly introduced ballpoint pens. And then he began to make pens themselves for 30 cents each. A simple pen then cost around $10. Little-known and very cheap then plastic was used.
Massive advertising and voila - by the mid-1960s, Marcel Bic was producing over a billion pens a year at a price of 10 cents apiece. By that time, rods continued to be refilled only in the USSR, where the non-progressive Gosplan included in the price of the product not only the costs of its production, but also the costs of disposal. In the US and Europe, they didn’t think about it - they took used fountain pens to a landfill and forgot about it.
The pens were followed by lighters priced 70% below the market. Then razors. And then all Western firms and entrepreneurs revised their views on the reliability and durability of their own products. Regardless of what product it is.
People, it should be noted, were far from immediately accustomed to disposable goods, because for many centuries things were valued for their reliability, durability and solidity. And then advertisers, PR people, trendsetters and other figures joined the game, ready for the customer's money to easily dress in the clothes of an angel even the devil himself and turn the scale of values upside down.
Old car? Fu, how not fashionable! Grandma's sewing machine? What a waste - she doesn't know how to cross-stitch! Chrome boots? Nobody wears them anymore! Silk stockings? Fi, yesterday is nylon in vogue now! Wooden furniture? And what about the bark beetle? He knows how dangerous!
Advertising and PR alone were not enough, and the manufacturers of disposable rubbish were forced to go for an outright scam. They painted plastic in metallic colors, passing it off as aluminum. They gave the plastic the texture and color of wood. They even simply weighted plastic and cheap products with metal blanks, giving it weight and a sense of reliability and monumentality.
For example, the Austrian artist Ettore Sottass, who decorated the fuselages of Hitler's Messers during the Second World War, moved to Italy and got a job at the Olivetti company. To begin with, he was tasked with redesigning a mechanical alarm clock that was selling very poorly. After examining the goods from all sides and finding no flaws in it, the designer went to the nearest watch store and began to observe the buyers. He soon noticed that all shoppers, before buying an alarm clock, pick it up and check its weight. Light models, which included the Olivetti alarm clock, did not inspire confidence in people. Sottass fixed a lead bar in the alarm clock and presented the sample to the head of the company, Adriano Olivetti. “Well, where is your vaunted design?” he asked. “That's it, nothing else is needed, so it will be sold!” Sottas said. And he was right, for which he received a lifetime pension from the company.
So, by hook or by crook, disposable goods have conquered the whole world. However, already in the late 70s, environmentalists began to sound the alarm. It turned out that plastic decomposes for centuries, poisoning the air and groundwater, and its processing is very expensive, even more expensive than its production. Leading industrial powers began to quietly send their garbage to hell, to third world countries, for example. And the United States is doing even easier, reducing the cost of "recycling and disposal" to almost zero. They load garbage onto huge bulk carriers, and then just dump it into the ocean. As a result, several garbage islands have now formed in the oceans, which are constantly increasing. One such island, the size of the UK, floats between California, Hawaii and Alaska.
A few years ago, a young yachtsman, Charles Moore, decided to go around the world on his yacht, calling at the Hawaiian Islands. A few days later, he realized that he swam into the trash heap. “During the week, whenever I went on deck, some plastic junk floated by,” Moore recalled. - I could not believe my eyes: how could we pollute such a huge water area? I had to swim through this garbage dump day after day, and there was no end in sight.
The yachtsman was so shocked by this that he sold the shares of the chemical concern he owned and, with the proceeds, created an environmental fund for the protection of the oceans. It remains to add to this that Charles Moore is a descendant of the same Hugh Moore, who was the first to start producing disposable tableware - first paper, and then plastic. This is the spiral of history...
Well, the simple idea that "from the point of view of our planet, garbage does not go anywhere. Simply because there is nowhere" still does not bother anyone. Unfortunately. Except for some enthusiasts who no one hears or notices.
Mankind will not perish in an atomic nightmare,
and suffocate in their own waste.
Niels Bohr
Ballad, of course, I was just joking stupidly, because we are talking about a real world tragedy! But if I just wrote in the title "Dump", most likely, you would not even look here. Let's talk not about the garbage dump as such, but about the person ...
For example, I no longer want to write the word “man” with a capital letter, forgive me Alexei Maksimovich, who I respect, along with Satin ... After all, “man” no longer sounds proud to me ... because he, a man, does not like a world in which he lives and does not love himself and his kind. Yes, yes, he doesn’t love himself, he doesn’t take care of himself as a species, initially, it seems, programmed for survival. And where did the instinct of self-preservation go? If a person had a goal - the survival of his species - it is unlikely that he would harm himself and turn the world around him into a garbage dump ...
I have always loved to ask questions... but in this case, some ask themselves...
after all, a person is definitely sick ... and sick in the head, otherwise, why would he bury toxic waste near the places of his residence instead of finding a way to safely dispose of it? Why do many globally branded companies, instead of reducing the environmental impact of their activities, insistently encourage consumers to consume more and more*?
And why, for example, does a person throw a cigarette butt into a children's sandbox? Why is he throwing a bag of garbage out of the window of his car at full speed? Why does he throw bottles over a fence, onto a neighbor's lot, or into any ditch, ravine, or body of water? Why does he stick chewing gum to every surface that gets in his way? Why doesn't he build toilets as much as he needs to fulfill his natural needs, but instead crap in elevators, porches and doorways ... Finally, why has he littered even in Space?
And then this recent story creeps into my head ... when the “mother” threw a newborn child into the garbage chute ... (something I just can’t forget this horror, although this is not entirely relevant to the topic).
Perhaps enough questions, otherwise you can go so far ...
A few numbers follow.
In the EU countries, 6 million tons of electronic devices are sent to landfill every year.
In Moscow, according to environmentalists, 50 thousand tons of used electronics are thrown away every year.
These wastes pose a danger to humans and nature: microcircuits contain such toxic substances as arsenic, lead, mercury, etc. Landfills and landfills occupy an area equal to the territory of, for example, Slovenia. Russia annually "generates" up to 90 billion tons of various wastes (industrial and domestic). And it recycles only 40 percent. As for municipal solid waste, no more than 5 percent** is recycled and reused. What follows after all this? And here's what... According to WHO, environmentally dependent mortality in the Russian Federation reaches 18-20 percent (!). So where is the instinct for self-preservation?
In conclusion, the quote: "... already in the coming years, the quality of the environment will become one of the key factors in the competitiveness of the country and each Russian region." (D. Medvedev at a meeting of the Security Council of the Russian Federation on the issue of environmental safety, 2008).
AND???
*Handbook of Ecology (USA), 2007
**Quality of life and ecology, 2003.
Quality of life and ecodesign, 2008.
Reviews
We touched on a global problem. Human indifference (sorry for the expression, but you can’t name it differently) kills! Life, probably, for some, loses its meaning, and someone else's life is not interesting at all ... We are destroying ourselves with our own hands. And no matter how sad it was, the fact remains! And rigidity, just do lost its boundaries ... alas ...
Good luck and good mood for writing good miniatures that you write (not counting this one, let's hope that everything will work out).
Respectfully,
Lady Colt
Thanks for the response, Lady Colt! Thank God, the "garbage" topic is not yet the most important in our life... Let's at least hope that it doesn't get worse... With respect and gratitude, Elena.
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