Philosophy of relationships in relation to life. Advice #2 of the sages, ancient Greek philosophers. Films about the philosophy of life

Philosophical choice in a broad sense is a choice of attitude towards life and towards oneself. In a more concrete sense, the philosophical choice is the construction of a model of the inner world in which to live. To do this, you need to comprehend the elements of the inner world, what they should be, and what should be the relationship between these elements. This is not so much planning actions in the outside world as plans to restore order within oneself. To do this - neither more nor less - you need to rethink your whole life in terms of the perception of life events and attitudes towards fellow citizens and towards oneself.

The philosophical choice of attitude to life begins with the desire to change oneself for the better, then with understanding the essence of the change and choosing the attitude as to what exactly should be changed. Thus, the attitude towards a concrete change in one's attitudes towards life and oneself is a key moment of philosophical choice, anticipating the order of further actions to improve oneself.

Examples of attitudes in a philosophical choice can be different and depend on the predispositions of a person. As an illustration, I found in various sources examples of attitudes towards life and / or towards oneself.

"The wise man does not deny the realities of life, does not neglect human values, but philosophically questions the significance of minor troubles and hardships."

"The philosophical attitude to life is the attitude to turn even heavy stress into a task."

"Success is a path from well-perceived failures."

"You can relate to life in different ways. The easiest way is to live the way you live and not think about the philosophical perception of problems. This is also a philosophical choice. But the simpler a person lives, the less prepared he is for meeting vital problems."

"In fact, the philosophical attitude to life is exhausted by the following position: "Since I got into this world, I must understand and live in it." Eliminate vanity, envy, greed and other negative emotions that distort the picture of reality that the philosopher sees. there is a deliverance from these vices and is one of the goals of the philosophical choice of attitude to life.

So, we live in two worlds: real and imaginary (models of the first). All our thoughts, experiences are life in the second world. The philosophical choice lies in the correct organization of this world. The imaginary world is not only a world of illusions, etc. It also has an important function - adaptation to the outside world. When a person does not directly encounter the external world, he comes into balance with his inner (imaginary) world.

Primary in philosophical choice is our choice of how we decide for ourselves to relate to life and to ourselves: in a more positive or more negative way. And the secondary is how we justify our choice for ourselves in different life circumstances, and recipes that help to implement this choice.

The first step of a philosophical choice is the very decision to rethink one's life in terms of the mentioned relationships to life and to oneself. Further steps already relate to specific elements of building one’s inner world: what is in it, and what should be improved in it in terms of goals and global spiritual needs of a person - such as the desire for self-improvement, the desire for knowledge, etc.

Remembering my path in terms of philosophical choice, I want to note the difference between "accept" and "apply" (use). To "accept" means to make some tool a part of one's "philosophy", and without this it was rarely possible to fully "apply" something. It was a typical kind of self-deception: as if I wanted to "apply" something, but did not want to "accept", and as a result, in fact, I did not want to "apply" either. In other words, I might have been able to "apply", but I did not want to pay for it with my desires, changing my lifestyle, etc.

I will add to this that changing one's views in the philosophical choice of attitudes towards life and towards oneself does not at all mean the same thing as changing oneself. In the end, relationship patterns are a trifle, and not the essence of a person, you just need to know why these relationships need to be changed.

In my old notes, I found extracts (where they were taken from is not indicated), more or less close to the topic. “From the subjective factors, one should single out the main one, which consists in a person’s feeling the meaning of his own life. In a person’s soul, there is basically an unconscious system of values ​​that determines his attitude to the phenomena of life and to himself. This organization (structure) of values ​​​​creates a feeling in a person order in the soul. The need to establish this order is instinctive and constitutes the "law of meaning" - the fundamental principle to which all human life is subject.

In other words, in a philosophical choice one must sacrifice some of one's own needs in favor of other, global needs that determine the basic meaning of life and which can no longer be sacrificed.

For me, for example, the novelty of knowledge is no longer a philosophical choice, but a necessary attribute of my existence, without which life loses its meaning. And within the framework of this understanding, it is not even important what the novelty is, but that this NOVELTY SHOULD BE. And I do not have such a choice to have novelty or not, if my main internal vector is directed along the component of the one who chose to live. That is, not in terms of the fear component, but in terms of the "have an interest in life" component. From the same point of view, it is not even important what my task is now, but whether I can find novelty in it.

With any philosophical choice of attitude to life, novelty must remain with me. This is not a need that I can replace with some other: "Where knowledge perishes, - let everyone know, - There the human child perishes in darkness!" So it is said in the Bhagavad Gita, which reflects the Indian wisdom of the ages.

Philosophical choice, as the need to change the attitude towards life, arises most often under the pressure of life circumstances that have changed for the worse. Here, in order to adapt to the changed current life, one must admit that it is the NORM, and not nonsense, collapse, etc. You have to force yourself to go through this.

And one more important point in the philosophical choice of attitude to the phenomena of life: WE SHOULD BE MORALLY PREPARED FOR DEFEAT. Otherwise, another failure or, to put it mildly, an unforeseen obstacle on the path of self-improvement can turn into a disaster. The calculation, or rather the mood, that circumstances must certainly develop successfully (no one, for example, randomly interferes with me), is my fundamental vice, which constantly unsettled me when trying to change my attitude to life and to myself.

Tune in to a philosophical choice, one must remind oneself again and again that the level of claims (to oneself, to everyone and in relation to everything one encounters or expects) is the root cause of most problems that give rise to negativity. The error of philosophical choice, perhaps, begins with the general idea that the world owes you something, owes you something, and you have the right to demand something from it. In fact, perhaps, one should only understand that there is only the probability of certain events, arising from the property of the world to do both evil and good. One should also accustom oneself to such, so to speak, informative attitude to life and one's place in the world, if psychological stability in life circumstances is the task of the philosophical choice being made.

As we age, we tend to consider our negativity, i.e. negative perception of life as a kind of supervalue, which cannot be changed. However, following the philosophical choice, we must take a different point of view: the negative is not a value, but only one of the states of a person in which he can stay, but is not obliged to stay.

Philosophical choice, for all its globality in relation to life, consists of some specific moments and steps: specific attitudes about specific phenomena, and so on. Each of us, apparently, would like to learn, when necessary, to do with pleasure what is unpleasant for you. You can do this (change the "philosophy of choice"), for example, by forcing yourself to do with pleasure what is unpleasant for you. To do, sacrificing your displeasure, to do repeatedly, and the means for this is the positive control of the moments. Here we just need to remember that in reality our life consists of moments. At every moment we can pay attention to the current moment, and at every moment we are able, for a brief moment, if we wish, to make this moment pleasant. Well, the general philosophical choice here is the willingness to establish such positive control in your life as a permanent tool for it.

Life philosophy is a system of views of a person. The search for answers to the main questions in life, what is its meaning, why, what and how to do, does not stop. Since ancient times, the minds of philosophers have been philosophizing on this. Dozens of teachings have been formed, but still people ask themselves these questions.

What is the philosophy of life?

The concept of "philosophy of life" has two meanings:

1. Personal philosophy, in the center of which is the solution of existential questions about the human condition.
2. Philosophical trend that originated in Germany in the second half of the 19th century as a reaction to rationalism. Main Representatives:

• Wilhelm Dilthey;
• Henri Bergson;
• Pierre Ado;
• Friedrich Nietzsche;
• Georg Simmel;
• Arthur Schopenhauer.

The concept of life in philosophy

Life definition in philosophy occupied the minds of many thinkers. The term itself is ambiguous and can be considered from different points of view:

• biological (as a form of existence of matter);
• psychological (as a form of existence of consciousness);
• cultural and historical (as a form of human existence).

Philosophy of life - basic ideas

The philosophy of life united various directions united by common ideas. It arose as a reaction to the outdated philosophical traditions conditioned by rationalism. The ideas of the philosophy of life are that being is the fundamental principle, and only through it can something be comprehended. All rational methods of knowing the world are in the past. They are being replaced by irrational ones. Feelings, instincts, faith are the main tools for understanding reality.

Irrationalism and philosophy of life

Irrationalism is based on the uniqueness of human experience, the importance of instincts and feelings, as opposed to rational knowledge. He, like romanticism in literature, became a reaction to rationalism. It was reflected in the historicism and relativism of Wilhelm Dilthey. For him, all knowledge was conditioned by a personal historical perspective, so he asserted the importance of the humanities.

Johann Georg Hamann, a German philosopher, rejected the process of reflection, sought the truth in feeling and faith. Personal certainty is the ultimate criterion of truth. His colleague in the literary group "Storm and Onslaught" Friedrich Jacobi exalted the certainty and clarity of faith to the detriment of intellectual knowledge.

Friedrich Schelling and Henri Bergson, preoccupied with the uniqueness of human experience, turned to intuitionism, which "sees things invisible to science." Reason itself has not been annulled, it has lost its leading role. - the engine underlying existence. Pragmatism, existentialism, irrationalism is a philosophy of life that has expanded the idea of ​​human life and thought.

The meaning of human life - philosophy

The problem of the meaning of life in philosophy has been and remains relevant. Answers to the questions, what is the meaning of life and what makes life meaningful, have been sought by philosophers of various directions over the centuries:

1. Ancient philosophers were unanimous in the opinion that the essence of human life lies in the pursuit of good, happiness. For Socrates, happiness is equal to the perfection of the soul. For Aristotle - the embodiment of human essence. The essence of a person is his soul. Spiritual work, thinking and knowledge lead to the achievement of happiness. Epicurus saw meaning (happiness) in pleasure, which he represented not as pleasure, but as the absence of fear, physical and spiritual suffering.
2. In the Middle Ages in Europe, the idea of ​​the meaning of life was directly related to traditions, religious ideals and class values. Here there is a similarity with the philosophy of life in India, where the repetition of the life of ancestors, the preservation of class status are key.
3. Philosophers of the XIX-XX centuries believed that human life is meaningless and absurd. Schopenhauer argued that all religions and philosophies are just attempts to find meaning and make a meaningless life bearable. Existentialists, Sartre, Heidegger, Camus, equated life with absurdity, and only a person could, by his own actions and choice, give it some meaning.
4. Modern positivist and pragmatic approaches argue that life acquires the meaning that is important for the individual within the framework of his reality. It can be anything - achievements, career, family, art, travel. What a particular person appreciates his life for and what he aspires to. This philosophy of life is very close to many modern people.

Philosophy of life and death

The problem of life and death in philosophy is one of the key ones. Death is the result of the process of life. Man, like any biological organism, is mortal, but unlike other animals, he is aware of his mortality. This pushes him to think about the meaning of life and death. All philosophical teachings can be divided into two types:

1. No life after death. After death, there is no existence; together with the body of a person, his soul, his consciousness, also dies.
2. There is life after death. Religious-idealistic approach, life on earth is a preparation for or reincarnation.

Books on the philosophy of life for self-development

Fiction can be an excellent source for philosophical enlightenment. Not only scientific or popular science books written by philosophers introduce new philosophical ideas and give impetus. Five books that present the philosophy of human life:

1. "Outsider". Albert Camus. The book is fiction, in it the author managed to reflect the main ideas of existentialism, even better than in philosophical treatises.
2. "Siddhartha". Hermann Hesse. This book will take your thoughts from worries about the future to thoughts about the beauty of the present.
3. "The Picture of Dorian Grey". Oscar Wilde. A great book on the dangers of pride and vanity, in it the reader will find much self-reflection and sensory quest.
4. "Thus Spoke Zarathustra". Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche built one of the most original and radical philosophies in his entire history. His ideas continue to send shockwaves through the Christian community. Most people dismiss Nietzsche's slogan that "God is dead," but in this work, Nietzsche actually explains the claim and comes up with interesting ideas about life on earth.
5. "Transformation". Franz Kafka. Waking up one day, the hero of the story discovers that he has turned into a large insect...

Films about the philosophy of life

Directors turn to the theme of human life in their films. Movies about the philosophy of life that will make you think:

1. "Tree of Life". Directed by Terrence Malick. This movie raises millions of rhetorical questions about the meaning of life, the problem of human identity.
2. "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind". Michel Gondry's painting, released in 2004, is a kind of philosophical teaching on how to live your life, accept mistakes and not forget about them.
3. "The fountain". Fantastic movie from Darren Aranofsky will show new interpretations of reality.

Lesson 9. Philosophy of renewal of attitude to life

1. Highest moral and ethical values ​​in bioethics

2. Formation of the bioethical paradigm of survival

3. Technogenic culture and the problem of protecting life and human dignity

4. The role of the individual in a situation of moral choice

Basic concepts of the topic: paternalism, anti-paternalism, liberalism, medical error, corporate ethics, moral responsibility

Abstract topics:

1. Philosophy of renewal of attitude to life

2. Technogenic culture and the problem of protecting human life and dignity

3. Moral and legal problems of saving people's health

4. Bioethics - the doctrine of saving life and ensuring the guarantees of saving people's health

Literature:

Main:

Additional:

Lesson 10. Moral and legal problems of saving people's health

1. Moral and legal factors in the treatment of infectious diseases

2. AIDS as a global problem of our time

3. Phenomenon of speedophobia

4. Ethical issues of HIV-infected people

Basic concepts of the topic: speedophobia, social ostracism, epidemiological information and disinformation

Abstract topics:

1. Sociocultural context of the history of immunoprophylaxis

2. Epidemiology and human rights

3. Social protection of HIV-infected people

4. Infectious diseases as a source of social danger

Literature:

Main:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: textbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2009. - 272 p.

2. Khrustalev Yu.M. From ethics to bioethics. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2010. - 446 p.

3. Siluyanova I.V. Guide to the ethical and legal foundations of medical activity: textbook. settlement - M., 2008. - 238 p.

Additional:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: workbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. - 272 p.

2. Siluyanova I.V. Bioethics in Russia: values ​​and laws. - M.: Grant, 2001. - 192 p.

3. Williams J. R. Guide to medical ethics: textbook. settlement - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. - 128 p.

4. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2005. - 400 p.

5. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2007. - 400 p.

Section 4"Moral problems" in bioethics

Biotic problems of application of innovative methods used in medicine in the diagnosis, treatment and correction of genetic disorders. Awareness of the possible risk for the subjects when conducting a scientific experiment and clinical research. The moral rights of the subjects and the moral responsibility of physicians, scientists-specialists conducting experiments. characteristics of the main ethical and legal documents regulating biomedical experiments. Abuses in medicine in Nazi Germany. Trial of Nazi doctors. Inhuman use of medicine in the XX century in other countries. Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki World Medical Association as the fundamental sources of modern moral norms for conducting experiments and clinical trials on humans. Ethical committees: history of creation and main directions of activity.

The specifics of moral problems in medical genetics, aimed at positive renewal of the human body, getting rid of congenital malformations. Moral problems of the implementation of the international project "Human Genome". The problem of confidentiality and voluntary informed consent of patients in modern medical genetics. The problem of human cloning.

Medical interventions in human reproduction: historical, social, moral, legal and religious context. The moral status of pre-embryos, embryos and fetuses. Abortion ban movement. The autonomy of a pregnant woman and the right of the fetus to life. Abortion and religious morality. Liberal, conservative and moderate approaches to the problem of abortion.

Moral and ethical problems of contraception and sterilization .

Death and dying. Euthanasia: active and passive, direct and indirect (indirect), voluntary and involuntary, forced. History, philosophy and organizational principles of the hospice. The role of volunteers.

The main moral dilemmas associated with transplantation of organs and tissues from living donors and from a corpse. Moral problems of xenotransplantation. Problems in the development of artificial organs.

Session 11. Bioethical issues in scientific research

1. Bioethical problems of application of innovative research methods

2. Basic principles of scientific experiments and clinical research

3. The moral rights of the subjects and the moral responsibility of medical scientists

4. Characteristics of the main ethical and legal documents regulating biomedical experiments

Basic concepts of the topic: innovation, research methods, scientific experiment, subjects' rights, moral responsibility, clinical research

Abstract topics:

1. Moral aspects of a medical experiment

2. Inhumane use of medicine in the 20th century in other countries

3. The Nuremberg Code and the "Declaration of Helsinki" World Medical Association as fundamental sources of modern moral standards for experiments and clinical trials on humans

4. Ethical committees: history of creation and main activities

Literature:

Main:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: textbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2009. - 272 p.

2. Khrustalev Yu.M. From ethics to bioethics. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2010. - 446 p.

3. Siluyanova I.V. Guide to the ethical and legal foundations of medical activity: textbook. settlement - M., 2008. - 238 p.

Additional:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: workbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. - 272 p.

2. Siluyanova I.V. Bioethics in Russia: values ​​and laws. - M.: Grant, 2001. - 192 p.

3. Williams J. R. Guide to medical ethics: textbook. settlement - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. - 128 p.

4. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2005. - 400 p.

5. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2007. - 400 p.

Session 12. Medical ethics, genetics and human reproduction

1. Specificity of moral problems in genetics

2. Eugenics. Problems of gene therapy and cloning

3. Historical, social, moral, legal and religious aspect of human reproduction

4. Moral status of pre-embryos

Basic concepts of the topic: homunculus, genetic engineering, genetic information, eugenics, idea of ​​"immaculate conception", homologous and heterologous insemination, in vitro fertilization, active donor

Abstract topics:

1. History of genetic methods and technologies

2. Main (liberal and conservative) approaches to genetics

3. International project "Human Genome"

4. Genetic information as property

Literature:

Main:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: textbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2009. - 272 p.

2. Khrustalev Yu.M. From ethics to bioethics. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2010. - 446 p.

3. Siluyanova I.V. Guide to the ethical and legal foundations of medical activity: textbook. settlement - M., 2008. - 238 p.

Additional:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: workbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. - 272 p.

2. Siluyanova I.V. Bioethics in Russia: values ​​and laws. - M.: Grant, 2001. - 192 p.

3. Williams J. R. Guide to medical ethics: textbook. settlement - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. - 128 p.

4. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2005. - 400 p.

5. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2007. - 400 p.

Lesson 13.Death and dying

1. The problem of death: the history of the issue

2. Definition of death and the concept of personality

3. Euthanasia: from antiquity to the present day

4. History, philosophy and organizational principles of the hospice

Basic concepts of the topic:"physics" of death, "metaphysics" of death, "management" of dying, clinical death, biological death, the right to die, euthanasia.

Abstract topics:

1. Advances in anesthesiology, resuscitation and the problem of death

2. Ethical issues in palliative care

3. Quality of life of the dying

4. Moral meaning of various forms of euthanasia

Literature:

Main:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: textbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2009. - 272 p.

2. Khrustalev Yu.M. From ethics to bioethics. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2010. - 446 p.

3. Siluyanova I.V. Guide to the ethical and legal foundations of medical activity: textbook. settlement - M., 2008. - 238 p.

Additional:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: workbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. - 272 p.

2. Siluyanova I.V. Bioethics in Russia: values ​​and laws. - M.: Grant, 2001. - 192 p.

3. Williams J. R. Guide to medical ethics: textbook. settlement - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. - 128 p.

4. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2005. - 400 p.

5. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2007. - 400 p.

Lesson 14.Ethical issues of transplantation

1. History of scientific transplantology

2. Moral problems of obtaining organs from a living donor and from a corpse

3. Moral problems of xenotransplantation

4. Problems in the development of artificial organs

Basic concepts of the topic: presumption of consent, presumption of disagreement, proportionality rule in transplantation

Abstract topics:

1. Types of organ harvesting for transplantation

2. Pathological-anatomical autopsy and religion

3. Moral restrictions on organ trafficking

4. The problem of fairness in transplantation

Literature:

Main:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: textbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2009. - 272 p.

2. Khrustalev Yu.M. From ethics to bioethics. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2010. - 446 p.

3. Siluyanova I.V. Guide to the ethical and legal foundations of medical activity: textbook. settlement - M., 2008. - 238 p.

Additional:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: workbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. - 272 p.

2. Siluyanova I.V. Bioethics in Russia: values ​​and laws. - M.: Grant, 2001. - 192 p.

3. Williams J. R. Guide to medical ethics: textbook. settlement - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. - 128 p.

4. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2005. - 400 p.

5. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2007. - 400 p.

Lesson 15.Ethics in psychiatry, sexology and oncology

1. History of psychiatry and morality

2. Ethical and legal regulation in the field of psychiatry

3. Ethics in sexology and sexopathology

4. Ethics in oncology

Basic concepts of the topic: paternalism, anti-paternalism, mental norm, mental pathology, patient competence, sexology, sexopathology, sexual deviations, homosexuality, transsexualism, pharmacological agent, carcinophobia

Abstract topics:

1. Rights and interests of the mentally ill

2. The stigmatizing nature of the diagnosis in psychiatry

3. Specificity of medical secrecy in psychiatry

4. Sexual deviations as a medical and social problem

5. Medical secrecy in oncology

Literature:

Main:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: textbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2009. - 272 p.

2. Khrustalev Yu.M. From ethics to bioethics. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2010. - 446 p.

3. Siluyanova I.V. Guide to the ethical and legal foundations of medical activity: textbook. settlement - M., 2008. - 238 p.

Additional:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: workbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. - 272 p.

2. Siluyanova I.V. Bioethics in Russia: values ​​and laws. - M.: Grant, 2001. - 192 p.

3. Williams J. R. Guide to medical ethics: textbook. settlement - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. - 128 p.

4. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2005. - 400 p.

5. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2007. - 400 p.

Section 5. Bioethics - a course towards a healthy lifestyle

The philosophy of a healthy lifestyle is dietetics (Kant). The right way of life is a factor of saving both life and health of people. The State Program "Healthy Russia" is a basic program for changing the attitudes of Russians. A healthy lifestyle is a life without bad habits and factors that affect mortality, disability and morbidity of people. Health centers in Russia. The idea of ​​strengthening public health and individual healthy lifestyle. Ideas, principles and rules of bioethics about the moral and legal responsibility of people for the preservation of their personal health.

Lesson 16.Philosophy of a healthy lifestyle

1. Philosophy of a healthy lifestyle - dietetics (I. Kant)

2. The state program "Healthy Russia" - the basic program for changing the attitudes of Russians

3. Health centers in Russia

4. Ideas, principles and rules of bioethics on the moral and legal responsibility of people for preserving their health

Basic concepts of the topic: healthy lifestyle (HLS), state program "Healthy Russia", health centers, medical rehabilitation, moral and legal responsibility of a person for his health

Abstract topics:

1. The right way of life is a factor of saving both life and health of people

2. Healthy lifestyle - life without bad habits and factors that affect mortality, disability and morbidity of people

3. The idea of ​​strengthening public health and individual healthy lifestyle

4. Implementation of the Healthy Russia program in the North Caucasus

Literature:

Main:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: textbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2009. - 272 p.

2. Khrustalev Yu.M. From ethics to bioethics. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2010. - 446 p.

3. Siluyanova I.V. Guide to the ethical and legal foundations of medical activity: textbook. settlement - M., 2008. - 238 p.

Additional:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: workbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. - 272 p.

2. Siluyanova I.V. Bioethics in Russia: values ​​and laws. - M.: Grant, 2001. - 192 p.

3. Williams J. R. Guide to medical ethics: textbook. settlement - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. - 128 p.

4. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2005. - 400 p.

5. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2007. - 400 p.

Section 6The moral essence of interpersonal communication in medicine

Principles and rules of moral regulation of social behavior of people. Moral conflicts in modern healthcare. Features of ethical behavior in the activities of healthcare organizers, doctors, pharmacists and auxiliary medical personnel. Ethics, etiquette, law, customs and morals in medicine. Professional solidarity and mentorship in medicine. Moral problems of medical education at the bedside. Medical and ethical features of communication between doctors and patients at various stages of providing them with medical care: examinations, prescribing treatment, medical intervention, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment, rehabilitation and preventive appointments.

Interpersonal, intragroup and intergroup moral conflicts. Ways to resolve them and forms of warning.

Basic models of the relationship between doctors and patients.

Peculiarities of ethical problems in pediatrics, the main models of relationships between a doctor and a child - his legal representatives. Child and disease.

Session 17. Interpersonal communication in medicine

1. Principles and rules of moral regulation of public behavior of people

2. Moral conflicts in modern healthcare

3. Ethics, etiquette, law, customs and morals in medicine

4. Professional solidarity and mentorship in medicine

Basic concepts of the topic: code of ethics, moral conflict, etiquette, mentorship in medicine

Abstract topics:

1. Principles of relationship between doctors in ancient medicine

2. Corporate ethics in medicine

3. Moral issues in medical teaching at the bedside

4. Traditional and alternative medicine: ethical aspect

Literature:

Main:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: textbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2009. - 272 p.

2. Khrustalev Yu.M. From ethics to bioethics. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2010. - 446 p.

3. Siluyanova I.V. Guide to the ethical and legal foundations of medical activity: textbook. settlement - M., 2008. - 238 p.

Additional:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: workbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. - 272 p.

2. Siluyanova I.V. Bioethics in Russia: values ​​and laws. - M.: Grant, 2001. - 192 p.

3. Williams J. R. Guide to medical ethics: textbook. settlement - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. - 128 p.

4. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2005. - 400 p.

5. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2007. - 400 p.

Lesson 18. Medical and ethical features of communication between doctors and patients

1. Medical and ethical features of communication between doctors and patients at various stages of providing them with medical care

2. Interpersonal, intragroup and intergroup moral conflicts

3. Basic models of relationships between doctors and patients

4. Features of ethical problems in various fields of medical activity

Basic concepts of the topic: doctor's rights, patient's rights, social protection, ethical committee

Abstract topics:

1. The history of the emergence of "ethical codes" of medical practice

2. The rights and dignity of the patient abroad and in Russia

3. Main international bioethical documents on the protection of human rights and dignity

4. Human dignity in connection with the use of the achievements of biology and medicine

Literature:

Main:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: textbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2009. - 272 p.

2. Khrustalev Yu.M. From ethics to bioethics. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2010. - 446 p.

3. Siluyanova I.V. Guide to the ethical and legal foundations of medical activity: textbook. settlement - M., 2008. - 238 p.

Additional:

1. Lopatin P.V. Bioethics: workbook. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2008. - 272 p.

2. Siluyanova I.V. Bioethics in Russia: values ​​and laws. - M.: Grant, 2001. - 192 p.

3. Williams J. R. Guide to medical ethics: textbook. settlement - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. - 128 p.

4. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2005. - 400 p.

5. Campbell A. Medical ethics / ed. Yu.M. Lopukhin. - M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2007. - 400 p.

Variants of test tasks for the course "Fundamentals of Biomedical Ethics"

Option 1

001. Medicine refers to one of the following types of knowledge:

1) natural science

2) humanitarian

3) interdisciplinary

005. Medicine and ethics are united by:

1) a person as a subject of study

2) research methods

3) mastering the techniques of overcoming conflicts in human relationships

4) the desire to know the mechanisms of human behavior and to manage it

5) focus on achieving the financial well-being of a person

009. Morality is a concept that defines:

1) a set of subjective reactions and forms of human behavior

2) a propensity for goodness and the ability to endure the hardships and hardships of everyday life

3) part of philosophy

4) culture-classified mores

5) a cultural and historical phenomenon, which consists in the ability of a person to help another person

013. Moral regulation of medical activity differs from legal regulation:

1) freedom of choice of action

2) the arbitrariness of the motive of activity

3) criminal impunity

4) social approval

5) the presence of monetary interest

019. The concept of “dignity” of a person includes all of the listed meanings, except for:

a) purity of thoughts and intentions, motives of action; b) the image and likeness of God; c) health; d) physiological characteristics of the human body; e) freedom; f) economic and financial success; g) public recognition, popularity; h) critical self-assessment, self-confidence; i) availability of human abilities and talents; j) awareness of the special purpose of a person in life.

1) b, e, g, and

2) c, d, f

3) b, f, i,

4) a, b

023. The ratio of good and evil is that:

1) good is self-sufficient and self-significant

2) good exists independently and separately from evil

3) evil is self-sufficient

4) evil is the absence of good

5) good and evil are the same

6) good and evil are mutually dependent

027. Freedom is:

1) the ability of a person to do whatever you want

2) the possibility of creativity

3) the law of nature

4) the law of social life

5) a conscious opportunity and ability for moral improvement

6) property of human nature

7) the complete emancipation of the baser instincts of man

8) denial of all moral and ethical restrictions

9) the basis of human rights

031. Moral ideal is:

1) the image of the highest perfection and the highest good

3) an example of professional skill

4) wise person

5) a hero who sacrificed himself to save the life of another person

6) the president of a great country

7) leader of the Duma faction

Pediatric faculty ...

Chapter 1. Philosophical attitude to stressful situations

The problem of perception of what is happening

The philosophical attitude to stressful situations is a restructuring of thinking, a rethinking of the complexities of life that we perceive as stress. This is the ability to see in any trouble its other, sometimes hidden side. This is the principle of heads and tails: where there are disadvantages, there are also advantages. You just have to learn to distinguish between them.

Wise Thoughts

The art of living is the art of letting go of everything unnecessary.

Coco Chanel

And when someone fears that a person will allegedly become dry, insensitive, incapable of deep empathy, then I want to ask the question: “Why does he need such deep, but negative experiences where they simply shouldn’t be?”. A philosophical attitude to stressful situations is a psychotherapy that rids people of everything petty and superficial for the sake of releasing its energy for great and noble deeds.

The philosophical attitude to stressful situations is the art of nobility and restraint in any circumstances that traumatize a person. Wisdom cannot be copied, it can only be acquired. The wise man does not deny the realities of life, does not neglect human values, but, on the contrary, philosophically questions the significance of minor troubles and hardships. Such an attitude to life's troubles fosters a commitment to the most important holy commandments and human values. This is the denial of everything dark and harmful in our lives, which destroys us, does not allow us to use our potential, and wastes life itself on empty stresses and troubles.

Wise Thoughts

There is only one way to happiness - to stop worrying about what is beyond our control.

From the book How to Help Your Husband Succeed in Business author Carnegie Dorothy

Chapter 11 Be Prepared for Emergencies Some families, when faced with the loss of a husband's job, are completely at a loss as to what to do. Often this happens because in such an emergency, the wife does not want to help her husband and take part

From the book Transpersonal Project: Psychology, Anthropology, Spiritual Traditions Volume II. Russian transpersonal project author Kozlov Vladimir Vasilievich

56. Philosophical understanding of the transpersonal project of G.M. Nazhmudinova Nazhmudinov Gadzhi Magomedovich (born February 10, 1936) – specialist in social philosophy, cultural studies, philosophical anthropology, history of foreign philosophy; Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor. Graduated

From the book Do not be silent, or a book for those who want to receive answers author Maksimov Andrey Markovich

CHAPTER EIGHT In which the author finally explains why the interview is a philosophical concept, and advises how to conduct a conversation to discover the other person Philosophy, if quite simply, is "a conversation for life." About life, then we'll talk. Here a person lives

From the book Fundamentals of the Science of Thinking. Book 1. reasoning author Shevtsov Alexander Alexandrovich

From the book Self-Actualized People - A Study in Psychological Health author Maslow Abraham Harold

From the book Twilight of the Gods author Freud Sigmund

PHILOSOPHICAL SENSE OF HUMOR A peculiar sense of humor - one of the first characteristics of self-actualized people that I was able to discover, it was inherent in absolutely all of my subjects. You can't make these people smile at a flat joke

From the book Sacred Commerce. Business as a Way of Awakening the Author

From the book Stop, who leads? [Biology of human behavior and other animals] author Zhukov. Dmitry Anatolyevich

Chapter 17 Attitude to troubles We have our own view of problem situations, which helps people in their resolution. Many of us beat around the bush avoiding disappointment, trying to avoid anger, confrontation, frustration and worry. And we say that

From the book I'm not afraid of anything! [How to get rid of fears and start living freely] author Pakhomova Angelika

From the book How to raise self-esteem and become self-confident. Tests and rules author Tarasov Evgeny Alexandrovich

Keys to situations 1A - analyze the attitudes given by your loved ones and replace them with the opposite ones. Write on a piece of paper and reread every day in the morning and in the evening. For example: setting “You don’t know how to dress!”, replacement - “You dress tastefully.” 1B - work on

From the book 10 Steps to Managing Your Emotional Life. Overcoming Anxiety, Fear and Depression Through Personality Healing author Wood Eva A.

Chapter 2 Attitude towards people The adequacy of a person's attitude towards the people around him largely determines his ability to achieve his vital goals. American humorist Robert Benchley wrote about 80 years ago: “All people are divided into two

From the book Self-Sabotage. get over yourself author Berg Karen

Do you suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder? Every year, 5.2 million Americans seek professional help for what is known as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); in countries where the basics of life safety on

From the book Psychological Stress: Development and Overcoming author Bodrov Vyacheslav Alekseevich

From the book The Optimistic Tragedy of Loneliness author Poroshenko Olga Yurievna

9.1.2. Strategies for adapting to difficult situations “By actively transforming difficult living conditions, the personality changes significantly, but these changes are not intentional and, as a rule, are unconscious. Life, however, puts a person in situations where only intentional

Strength and everything else. Trish made me see the world differently." YOU ARE THE MASTER OF LIFE Your attitude to life cannot belong to anyone else. It is solely your property. Only you have power over him, only you ... dispose of him. Neither the employer, nor the family, nor the closest friend - no one has the right to take over your mood. Attitude to life is a private property to such an extent that you may even avoid talking about it. You keep it...

https://www.site/psychology/14211

That man is a being striving for happiness, and the very idea of ​​happiness is a fiction and completely empty of content. Pessimism still means a deeper attitude to life and greater sensitivity to suffering and evil life. Optimism is more superficial and means a lack of sensitivity to evil and suffering. Such, for example, is the optimistic theory of progress, for which every concrete, living ...

https://www.site/journal/143099

In my thoughts and in the internal battles with medicine, I, apparently, slipped through. At this time I was closed to life, for its flow. She reminded herself of a case described by S. N. Lazarev: “Imagine, I tell him, two people. Both... you are a teacher. Concordia Antarova (13(25) 04/1886 - 02/06/1959, Moscow - singer, teacher, Honored Artist of the RSFSR, writer. The book "Two life”) The cause of human misfortunes is in the person himself, and where there is a cause, there is a means to eliminate it. E.I....

https://www.site/journal/143516

Discipline is doing what is appropriate or just; that is, in our unnecessarily complicated age, the simplification of our lives. The result is peace of mind. There is more time for turning to spiritual subjects and seeking the knowledge that can... When the light appeared, the first thing it said to me was “What did you do to show me what you did with life?“ or something like that... And all this time he constantly emphasized that love is important... He was also very interested in what...

https://www.site/religion/12403

Required experience. 1. The ability to distinguish the main from the secondary This principle encourages us to follow in our life some main, dominant line and warns against the pursuit of momentary goals. The principle of choosing the most significant and ... serious reflection on it allows you to move forward, taking into account previous mistakes and foreseeing possible mistakes. Following in your life these principles, you will be able to achieve your goals, no matter how difficult the path to them may be. Certainly...

https://www.site/psychology/1889

Be NORM. Norma - be happy! To start. In 99% of cases, problems arise due to incorrect relations to life. Unfortunately, but the fact is that a person is brought up and matures much better if he experiences and ... make sure that the child is not deprived of the opportunity to eat and dress, but the process of his growing up is the main relation to everything else. Since you do not have direct, direct communication, you will influence its development by various circumstances ...

https://www.site/religion/14964

It's not as easy for me as you think. First of all, I needed to change myself, my attitude to life, all understanding of the world. After all, without this it is impossible to understand another person. After all, our children perfectly see all of our ... you would like to be accepted! And I can also say that the problems of our children are, first of all, a mirror of our relations to life. How do we treat life, to our children - this is how everything works out for them. Therefore, if your children have problems, then look and what not ...

https://www.site/psychology/17104

Center. This is why so many of the dreams of modern people are about restoring receptivity to them by adjusting relations consciousness to the subconscious center or Self. In many mythological images of the Self, cardinal directions are indicated. Apparently... the following dream of a sixty-two-year-old woman. It appeared to her as a prelude to a new, very active in the creative respect phase life. "I see a twilight landscape. In the background, the crest of the hill rises and then flattens out. ...