Global problems. Global problems of the present. Prepared by: Sardarly Elsivar, Alexander Gubarkov. Download presentation on global issues

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Global problems of mankind

By the middle of the 20th century, society for the first time realized that the existence of mankind and the life of man as a biological species are extremely fragile and vulnerable.

Global problems: - Threaten the very existence of man in the future - Affect the interests of all mankind as a whole - Can be solved only by collective actions of all peoples - Require urgent action

Global problems at the beginning of the 21st century: Spiritual crisis Threat of a world war with the use of weapons of mass destruction Depletion of the planet’s natural resources Uneven socio-economic development of countries and regions Mass diseases Growth of terrorism Deepening of the ecological crisis Demographic problem

3. Spiritual imperfection of man 2. Contradictions in the historical development of culture and civilization 4. Objective natural processes occurring on Earth 1. Objective natural processes occurring in Space Common causes of global problems

Spiritual transformation of humanity, the development of a new planetary-cosmic thinking and a humanistic worldview focused on universal values, moral, environmental and cultural priorities

The spiritual crisis manifests itself in the destruction of the spiritual foundations of the individual and the growth of many destructive social phenomena: the loss of the meaning of life and ethical guidelines drunkenness and drug addiction the desire of many people exclusively for material enrichment and sensual pleasures crime and violence mass stress and mental illness social selfishness and intolerance, etc. .

Measures to overcome the spiritual crisis 1. Appeal to the inner world of a person and his spiritual principles 2. Dissemination of spiritual teachings 3. Education and science 4. High art

Mass diseases Cardiological diseases (diseases of the cardiovascular system) Oncological diseases Infectious diseases Mental diseases

Reasons for the growth of diseases Improper lifestyle and nutrition Environmental pollution Stress and inability to control and manage the body's neuro-emotional reactions Sexual deviations

Ways to solve the problem of the growth of diseases Popularization of a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, balanced physical and mental activity, systems of natural prevention and recovery Development of new special methods of medical therapy: AIDS vaccines, pacemakers, etc.

The Threat of World War with Weapons of Mass Destruction War with weapons of mass destruction levels the winners and the losers. High radiation, environmental poisoning, "nuclear winter" will put everyone in the same conditions - on the verge of life and death.

Depletion of the Earth's Natural Resources In the 20th century, mankind for the first time realized the threat of depletion of the Earth's natural resources - oil, coal, clean water reserves, forest and fertile areas, fish, etc. If the use of raw materials will increase, society in the XXI century. may face complete depletion of resources

Ecological crisis Ecological crisis is the negative impact of human activities on nature. The consequences are manifested in the poisoning of the earth, water and air with industrial waste, in the destruction of the planet's ozone layer and sustainable ecological systems.

Solutions to the environmental problem: 1. Changing the attitude of people towards the environment 2. Construction of treatment facilities in industries 3. Replacement of thermal power plants and internal combustion engines with environmentally friendly analogues 4. Reduction of carbon dioxide and freon emissions into the atmosphere

The demographic problem The essence of the demographic problem lies in the extremely high rates of population growth in some countries and regions of the planet (China, India, South America). The total population of the world is growing rapidly.

Demographic processes of our time: population explosion; multidirectional demographic processes in different regions of the world; the threat of depopulation of some peoples; population aging in some countries; an increasing share of the poor.

Ways to solve the demographic problem (population decline) 1. Preservation and strengthening of the physical, mental and spiritual health of the nation 2. Preservation and restoration of natural systems: the formation and consistent implementation of a unified state policy in the field of ecology aimed at protecting the environment and rational use of natural resources 3 4. Providing state support for the family, motherhood and childhood 4. Recreating conditions for raising a physically and morally healthy generation 5. Creating conditions for the realization of the creative potential of young people 6. Recreating a system of career guidance and vocational training 7. Ensuring care for homeless children and orphans

Ways to solve the demographic problem (overpopulation) Birth control (introduction of “family planning” programs): - legislative increase in the age of marriage - clarification of the advantages of a small family - health education of the population - counseling on family planning - stimulating small families with the help of various economic and administrative measures Colonization That is, the settlement of vacant lands

The problem of terrorism and violence Terrorism is illegal public actions aimed at intimidating the population in order to achieve political goals.

Conditions for solving global problems Socio-political integration International cooperation Development of science Development of the economy Development of a new, ethically, environmentally and culturally oriented worldview

Prepared by: Sokolova V. A. Group No. 12211

Preview:

Main questions:

1. The crisis of attitude towards nature is an environmental problem (exhaustibility of natural resources, irreversible changes in the environment).
2. Economic crisis - overcoming the backwardness of developing countries (it is necessary to help reduce the gap in the level of economic development between the developed countries of the West and the developing countries of the "Third World").
3. Political crisis (destructive development of many conflicts, ethnic and racial conflicts as an expression of the uncontrollability of social processes; the task of humanity is to prevent the threat of a world war and fight international terrorism).
4. Crisis of human survival conditions (depletion of food resources, energy, drinking water, clean air, stocks of mineral substances).
5. The demographic crisis is a population problem (uneven and uncontrolled population growth in developing countries; stabilization of the demographic situation on the planet is required).
6. The threat of thermonuclear war (arms race, pollution caused by nuclear weapons testing, genetic consequences of these tests, uncontrolled development of nuclear technologies, the possibility of thermonuclear terrorism at the interstate level).
7. The problem of health protection, prevention of the spread of AIDS, drug addiction.
8. The crisis of human spirituality (ideological breakdown, loss of moral values, addiction to alcohol and drugs). In the last decade, the revival of cultural and moral values ​​has become increasingly important.

slide 1

Global problems of our time
- problems affecting all people on Earth

slide 2

Environmental problems
"The road of civilization is paved with tin cans" (Alberto Moravia, writer)
1. Atmospheric pollution with harmful gases (the problem of big cities)
2. Technogenic disasters as a result of human activities: - accidents at gas stations - oil spills - explosions in warehouses with chemicals, etc.

slide 3

3. The invasion of nature has the following negative consequences: - droughts - landslides - floods - global warming - soil depletion

slide 4

Waste - substances (or mixtures of substances) recognized as unsuitable for further use within the framework of existing technologies, or after domestic use of products. The amount of waste produced by humans is growing exponentially.
Waste

slide 5

slide 6

Mankind has been deforesting for a long time, reclaiming land from the forest for farming and simply for getting firewood. Later, a person had a need to create infrastructure (cities, roads) and mining, which spurred the process of deforestation of territories. However, the main reason for deforestation is an increase in the need for food, that is, the area for grazing livestock and planting crops, both permanent and replaceable.
Deforestation

Slide 7

The rapid growth of the world's population. Reduction and scarcity of natural resources
We are already almost 7 billion people!
Real threat of exhaustion of many important types of raw materials (oil, gas) Resource starvation may occur 2. Lack of drinking water is one of the most dangerous problems.

Slide 8

Growth of the Earth

Slide 9

Scientists have proven that the Earth's biosphere can contain only 1 billion people. Every day the population of the land increases by 200,000 people, which leads to an increase in the use of resources and exacerbates the problem of employment, housing, food. The circle closes: Increasing waste, pollution, deforestation. Lack of jobs gives rise to poverty and the development of bad habits.
The law of hyperbolic growth of the population of the Earth

Slide 10

international security
6, 9 August 1945. Hiroshima and Nagasaki
weapons of mass destruction

slide 11

Nuclear weapons are a danger to all mankind. Large states that own nuclear weapons are forced to confirm their strength by increasing their number, although the explosion of even one bomb instantly destroys hundreds of thousands of people, and pollutes a vast territory with radioactive emissions, making it uninhabitable, changes the human genome, providing mutations and deformities in newborns children decades after the explosion, which could lead to the degeneration of humanity.
Nuclear weapon

slide 12

Terrorism (lat. terror - fear, horror), is aimed at the mass destruction of the civilian population, creates an atmosphere of fear in society.
Terrorism

slide 13

Poverty in the modern world
Millions of people in Asia and Africa exist on the brink of survival

Slide 14

Poverty is a fundamental global problem facing the world community. It has a detrimental effect on the economy, social relations, politics, culture. Poverty and backwardness are characteristic primarily of the third world, but this does not make the problem less relevant in relation to highly developed states. The inability of most of the poorest countries to lift themselves out of poverty on their own has made the problem of poverty universal.
The link between poverty and other global threats and risks – illegal migration, international terrorism, and the growth of transnational crime – is being consolidated. A poverty-stricken existence, unsanitary conditions, and chronic diseases are also dangerous for residents of rich countries (HIV, Ebola, SARS and other pandemics).

slide 15

Drugs cause both physical and psychological dependence. Irresistible attraction is associated with mental (psychological) and sometimes physical (physiological) dependence on drugs. Physical dependence means painful, and even painful sensations, a painful state during a break in the constant use of drugs (the so-called withdrawal syndrome, withdrawal). These sensations are temporarily relieved by the resumption of drug use.
Addiction

Goals:

formation of ideas about global problems,
hypotheses, forecasts and projects for their resolution;
skill acquisition, discussions, skill building
discuss, draw conclusions, defend their point of view.
environmental education of students;
acquiring the skill of working with additional
material, the ability to choose the necessary material, skill
work with statistics.

Global problems of our time
is a set of socio-natural
problems that depend on the solution
social progress of mankind and
preservation of civilization. These problems
characterized by dynamism, appear as
an objective factor in the development of society and for
united
efforts of all mankind. Global
problems are interconnected, cover all
aspects of people's lives and apply to all countries
peace.

Globalization

The process of world economic, political and
cultural integration and unification. The main consequence of this is
world division of labor, migration (and, as a rule, concentration) on a scale
the whole planet of capital, human and production
resources, standardization of legislation, economic and technological
processes, as well as rapprochement and fusion of cultures of different countries.
This is an objective process that is systemic in nature, that is,
covers all areas of society. As a result of globalization, the world is becoming
more connected and more dependent on all its subjects

The problem of keeping the peace

Nuclear weapon

Through unremitting efforts, the global community has achieved
significant number of multilateral agreements aimed at
reduction of nuclear arsenals, prohibition of their deployment in
certain regions of the world and natural environments (such as space
space and the bottom of the oceans), limiting its distribution and
termination of his trials. Despite these achievements, nuclear weapons and
its spread remains the main threat to the world and the main problem
international community.

Local conflicts

Local war - hostilities between two and
more states, limited by political goals
the interests of the states participating in hostilities, and
by territory - a small geographical region, like
rule, located within the boundaries of one of
opposing sides

International terrorism

Terrorism in modern times is also becoming a global problem.
Especially when terrorists have lethal means or weapons,
capable of destroying a huge number of innocent people.
Terrorism is a phenomenon, a form of crime directed directly
against a person, threatening his life and thereby striving to achieve his
goals. Terrorism is absolutely unacceptable from the point of view of humanism, and from the point of
view of the law is the gravest crime.

The problem of overcoming backwardness and modernization

The main way to overcome the backwardness of developing countries is
carrying out fundamental changes in all spheres of their lives. If a
this problem is not solved, the continuing situation in
developing countries threatens socio-economic
shocks on a global scale and will exacerbate other
global problems.

food problem

The geography of food production is far from
coincides with the geography of its consumption. Most
The best way to solve this problem is through
growth in food production in the most
starving countries in Asia, Africa, Latin
America.

Energy and raw material problem

Fuel extraction
is continuously increasing
what the future might
lead to serious
global
energy crisis.
Mankind must
refocus on
other energy resources
especially on huge
water resources of the Earth.

Environmental problems

They can lead to a global environmental catastrophe. On our
the end of the era of extensive use of the potential
biosphere: there are almost no undeveloped lands left (with the exception of
territory of Russia), systematically increasing the area of ​​deserts,
forest areas are declining - the lungs of the planet, the climate is changing
(global warming, greenhouse effect), the number of
carbon dioxide and decreases - oxygen, the ozone layer is destroyed.

Destruction of the ozone layer

Although mankind has taken measures to limit the emissions of chlorine-bromine-containing freons by switching to other substances, for example
fluorine-containing freons, the process of restoring the ozone layer will take
several decades. First of all, this is due to the huge volume
freons already accumulated in the atmosphere, which have a lifetime of tens
and even hundreds of years.

Pollution of the world's oceans

Oil and oil products are the most common pollutants
substances in the oceans. By the beginning of the 1980s, about 6
million tons of oil, which accounted for 0.23% of world production.
Many countries with access to the sea undertake marine disposal of various
materials and substances, in particular soil excavated during dredging,
drilling slag, industrial waste, construction debris, solid waste,
explosives and chemicals, radioactive waste. Burial volume
amounted to about 10% of the total mass of pollutants entering the World
ocean.

Changing of the climate

Climate change is changing the image of our planet.
Whimsical weather is no longer unusual, it is
becomes the norm. The ice on our planet is melting and this is changing
all. The seas will rise, the cities may be flooded and
millions of people could die. None coastal
the area will not escape the dire consequences.

Air, water, soil pollution

Pollution is a process of negative
modifications of the environment - air,
water, soil - by its intoxication with substances,
that threaten the lives of living organisms.

Kyoto protocol

International document adopted in Kyoto (Japan) in December 1997 in
addition to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC). He
obliges developed countries and countries with economies in transition to reduce or
stabilize greenhouse gas emissions in 2008-2012 compared to 1990
year. The period for signing the protocol opened on March 16, 1998 and ended on March 15
March 1999.
The protocol has been ratified by 181 countries of the world (for these countries in total
accounts for more than 61% of global emissions). A notable exception to
of this list are USA. The first implementation period of the protocol began on 1
January 2008 and will last five years until December 31, 2012, after which, as
expected to be replaced by a new agreement.

Man-made disasters

In the twentieth century, man took to the air, stepped into space, subjugated
the energy of the atom.
But the age of the triumph of human genius brought a new kind of disaster -
man-made disasters that claimed thousands of lives. This is the case
when the fruits of technological progress turned against their creator -
a man who is overconfident
and treated his creations lightly.

demographic problem

demographic problem
contradictory, opposite
character for different countries: overpopulation in China, depopulation in Russia.
Together with social development, this
the problem must find its own
resolution in a natural way, - will be
stabilize in this
relation.
However, states facing
now with a demographic problem,
compelled to apply appropriate
measures. It is important that they do not wear
violent nature and did not violate
sovereignty of the individual, family life.

low birth rate

"zero growth" of the population in the countries of Western Europe
leads to a dramatic aging of the population in developed countries,
including a deterioration in the balance between workers and
pensioners, etc.

The rapid growth of the world's population

demographic explosion, characterized by a sharp increase in
population in Asia, Africa, Latin America, starting from
60s leads to a sharp aggravation of socio-economic
problems in developing countries, including hunger and illiteracy
tens of millions of people.

International organizations

An international organization is a permanent association which
created on the basis of an international agreement. Its purpose is
assistance in solving those problems that are stipulated in the agreement.
International organizations are of an interstate nature - acting
at the level of state governments, and non-governmental nature. Also
distinguish between international organizations of a global and regional nature.
There are also classifications by type of activity, by the nature of powers, by
circle of participants, international clubs, etc.

United Nations(UN)

An interstate organization founded in 1945. The purpose of the organization is to maintain peace between states, strengthen peace, develop and
security of international relations, development of international
cooperation in various fields. The United Nations is made up of six major
bodies (General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and
Social Council, Secretariat, International Court of Justice and Trusteeship Council).

There are many
various structural
UN entities and
various organizations
working under the auspices of the UN
in different areas
international activities.
Majority Headquarters
main divisions
The UN is located in New York
(USA), but there are also branches in
different parts of the world. For 2007
year the UN numbered 192
member state. Is
the largest international
organization.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

It is an organization of global importance. Founded in 1995.
The goal is to streamline the rules of international trade. On the
In 2008, the WTO had 153 member countries. Headquarters
located in Geneva (Switzerland). The WTO was created on the basis of the GATT
(general agreement on tariffs and trade). According to the charter, the WTO
can only settle trade and economic issues.

European Union(EU)

The Organization of European States, established in 1993 on the basis of three
organizations, two of which are still part of it - the EEC (European
economic community - now the European Community), ECSC (European
association of coal and steel - ceased to exist in 2002), Euratom
(European Atomic Energy Community). This is a unique organization
which is a cross between an international organization and
state. Has a common market, a common currency system, etc. Scope
activity concerns many areas - economics, politics, currency, market
labor, etc. In 2007, the EU included 27 states.

Non-Aligned Movement

A movement that unites countries
proclaimed the basis of their
non-participation in military political blocs and groups.

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)

Exists since 1975. It is the largest regional
security organization. The goal is to prevent and resolve conflicts in the region, to eliminate
consequences of conflicts. In 2008, the OSCE included 56
states that are not only in Europe but also in Central
Asia and North America.

big eight

International club uniting governments
UK, Germany, Italy, Canada, Russia, USA, France and Japan. Same way
also called an unofficial forum of leaders of these countries (with the participation of the European Commission), in
within the framework of which the harmonization of approaches to relevant international
problems.
Meetings of heads of state and government of the G8 countries are held annually
(usually in the summer) in the next presiding country. The meetings are attended, in addition to the heads
member states and governments, 2 representatives of the European Union, namely -
the President of the European Commission and the head of the country presiding over this
moment in the EU.

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

a special agency of the United Nations, established by 185 states. Designed to regulate
monetary and credit relations of the Member States and assistance to them in the event of a payment deficit
balance by providing short- and medium-term loans in foreign currency. The fund has
the status of a specialized agency of the United Nations. It serves as the institutional backbone of the world
currency system.
The IMF was created on December 27, 1945 after the signing of an agreement by 28 states,
developed at the United Nations Monetary Conference in Bretton Woods on July 22
1944. In 1947, the foundation began its activities.
The headquarters of the IMF is located in Washington.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

international intergovernmental organization for development
international cooperation in the field of peaceful use of nuclear
energy.
The most important activity of the IAEA is to ensure
non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Under the Non-Proliferation Treaty
nuclear weapons (NPT), the IAEA is entrusted with verification of the implementation
obligations of its members.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

An intergovernmental organization established in
1960 at the initiative of Venezuela. The goal is control
world oil policy, stabilization of oil prices.
OPEC sets limits on production volumes
oil. The headquarters is located in Vienna (Austria). For 2009
12 countries were members of OPEC.

North Atlantic bloc (NATO)

It is an international alliance of military-political
orientation. Established in 1949 on the initiative
USA. The main goal is the safety and freedom of all
member countries in accordance with UN principles, as in
North America as well as in Europe. To achieve your
NATO uses military capabilities and
political influence. The headquarters is located in
Brussels (Belgium). In 2009, NATO included
28 states.

Presentation on history on the topic: Global problems of mankind Completed by: Moshkarina Alina Group 126

The global problems of our time are a set of socio-natural problems, on the solution of which the social progress of mankind and the preservation of civilization as a whole depend.

At the moment, the following global problems are distinguished in the world: 1) global warming; 2) terrorism; 3) drug addiction; 4) the problem of cancer and AIDS; 5) ozone holes; 6) catastrophic pollution of the environment; 7) decrease in biodiversity, etc.

1. Global warming is a process of gradual increase in the average annual temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and the World Ocean.

Causes of global warming: with the reduction of tropical forests; air pollution; destruction of the ozone layer; an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases.

2. Terrorism is the achievement of political goals through sabotage, blackmail with the lives of hostages and fear-mongering in society.

To combat terrorism, the following strategies are distinguished: conservative - this strategy implies partial concessions to the demands of terrorists (paying a ransom, territorial and moral concessions); progressive-strategy means the unconditional destruction of terrorists and their supporters.

3. Drug addiction is a morbid attraction or addiction to narcotic substances used in various ways (swallowing, inhaling, intravenous injection) in order to achieve an intoxicating state or relieve pain.

Types of drugs: opiates; hemp reparations; and mfetamines; cocaine; g allucinogens; sleeping pills; inhalants.

Drug addiction treatment is methods aimed at getting rid of the physical and psychological cravings for drugs, as well as at reducing the doses taken by the addict.

4. Oncological diseases. Oncology is a branch of medicine that studies tumors, their etymology and pathogenesis, mechanisms and patterns of occurrence and development, methods of prevention and treatment.

Types of oncological diseases: sarcoma; to the carcinoid; h malignant tumor of the thyroid gland; h malignant tumors of the pancreas; cancerous diseases, etc.

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a condition that develops against the background of HIV infection and is characterized by a drop in the number of CD4 + lymphocytes, multiple opportunistic infections, non-communicable and neoplastic diseases.

Symptoms of AIDS: enlarged lymph nodes; flu-like illnesses; temperature; loss of appetite; body aches; chronic fatigue; dark red swelling-like formations on the skin, in the mouth and nose; respiratory infections.

Prevention of AIDS: do not have sexual contact with casual acquaintances; study of social conditions; compliance with the rules of sterility; refusal to use drugs.

5. Ozone holes are a local drop in the concentration of ozone in the ozone layer of the Earth.

Causes of ozone holes: environmental pollution; release of freons into the atmosphere; a sharp drop or rise in temperature; emissions of volcanic gases; change in the area of ​​polar holes.

6. Pollution of the environment is the introduction into the environment or the occurrence in it of new, usually uncharacteristic physical, chemical, information or biological agents, as well as their natural average long-term level in various environments, leading to negative impacts.

Types of pollution: microbiological; mechanical; chemical; aerosol; thermal; light; noise; electromagnetic; radioactive.

7. Decreased biodiversity. Biodiversity is the diversity of life in all its manifestations.

Causes of biodiversity decline: increased human migration, increased trade and tourism; pollution of nature; insufficient attention to the long-term consequences of actions that exploit natural resources; the inability to assess the true value of biological diversity and its loss; rapid population growth and economic development, making huge changes in the living conditions of all organisms.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Content. 1. Introduction; 2) What are global problems; 3) The emergence of global problems in the world; 4) Feature of global problems; 5) Classification of global problems; 6) The role of international organizations and movements in the modern world 7) Various forecasts for the development of modern society; 8) Conclusion; 9) Literature used in the presentation.

Introduction. Civilization on our planet is still alive due to the fact that people, becoming stronger, eventually knew how to become wiser. A. Nazaretyan (Doctor of Philosophy, Professor) In modern conditions, the risk factors that globally affect the development of world civilization have increased. This explains the relevance of our topic "Global problems of our time." On the basis of historical analysis, we have to try to comprehend a new level of global world problems. To do this, we need knowledge from the courses of history, social science, chemistry, physics, biology, ecology, geography, life safety.

What are global problems. Up to the middle of the 20th century. in the political language there was no concept of "global problems" as the general problems of world civilization (French global - universal, from Latin globus ball). Only at the level of philosophical generalizations were put forward ideas about the connection between human activity and the state of the biosphere (the environment that supports life on Earth). So, the Russian scientist V.I. Vernadsky (his portrait is in front of you) in 1944 expressed the idea that the activity of mankind is acquiring a scale comparable to the power of natural forces. This allowed him to raise the question of the restructuring of the biosphere into the noosphere (the sphere of activity of the mind). Global problems are a set of problems of mankind that arose in the second half of the 20th century, threatening the existence of world civilization.

The emergence of global problems in the world. The first people who appeared on Earth, getting food for themselves, did not violate natural laws and natural circuits. But in the process of evolution, the relationship between man and the environment has changed. With the development of tools, man increasingly increased his "pressure" on nature. So, even 400 thousand years ago, synanthropes destroyed significant areas of vegetation in northern China by fire; and in the once wooded Moscow region in the time of Ivan the Terrible there were fewer forests than now due to the use of slash-and-burn agriculture since antiquity. The industrial revolution of the XVIII-XIX centuries, interstate contradictions, scientific and technological revolution of the middle of the XX century, integration aggravated the situation. Problems grew like a snowball as humanity moved along the path of progress. World War II marked the beginning of the transformation of local problems into global ones.

Classification of global problems. Ecological "ozone hole" deforestation "greenhouse" effect (global warming) environmental pollution: atmosphere, soil, waters of the World Ocean, food natural disasters: typhoons, tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, droughts environmental disturbances associated with exploration of space and the oceans. Economic food development pole problem: "North-South" problem of the limits of economic growth resource depletion economic globalism. Social demographic problem Health problem (spread of dangerous diseases: cancer, AIDS, atypical pneumonia...) Education problem (1 billion illiterates) Ethnic, interfaith conflicts. Political problems of war and peace: the possibility of local conflicts escalating into global ones, the danger of nuclear war, the remaining poles of confrontation, the struggle for spheres of influence (USA-Europe-Russia-Asia-Pacific region) differences in political systems (democracy, authoritarianism, totalitarianism) terrorism (international, internal political, criminal). Spiritual degradation of "mass culture", devaluation of moral and ethical values, people's departure from reality into the world of illusions (drug addiction), the growth of aggression, neuropsychiatric diseases, incl. due to mass computerization, the problem of scientists' responsibility for the consequences of their discoveries.

International organizations. International Organizations and UN Movements United Nations Organization. A universal international organization of states to maintain and strengthen peace, security and develop cooperation between states. UNICEF Children's Fund. The leading UN organization that deals with the tasks of ensuring the survival, protection and development of children. WHO World Health Organization. A UN agency whose activities are aimed at combating especially dangerous diseases, preventing the spread of epidemics, and developing international sanitary standards. ILO International Labor Organization. UN agency dealing with the socio-economic problems of workers (regulation of working time, social insurance, unemployment, etc.).

International organizations. IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank). An international financial organization within the UN structure to stimulate the economic development of member countries, promote the development of international trade, maintain balance of payments, and provide long-term loans for development purposes. IMF International Monetary Fund. An international monetary and financial organization to maintain the stability of the exchange rate, promote the development of international trade, and provide foreign exchange loans. WTO World Trade Organization. An international organization that deals with the rules of international trade, is designed to prevent "trade wars". IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency. An organization established for the development of international cooperation in the field of the peaceful use of atomic energy (they control nuclear power plants, provide assistance in the elimination of accidents, etc.). International Red Cross. International association of voluntary societies: assistance to prisoners of war, sick and wounded soldiers, starving and victims of natural disasters. Greenpeace "Green World". An independent international public organization that aims to preserve the environment. Roman club. An international non-governmental scientific organization whose activities are aimed at developing tactics and strategies for solving global problems. Pugwash movement. The public movement of scientists for peace, disarmament, international security, for the prevention of a world thermonuclear war and scientific cooperation, the problem of the responsibility of scientists for the fate of their discoveries is discussed (named after the place of the 1st conference in the town of Pugwash in Canada). Antiglobalism. A movement that has its supporters all over the world: the radicals advocate international revolution and the destruction of capitalism; the moderates are for equalizing inequalities, controlling transnational corporations, maintaining resistance in the third world, preserving "alternative" civilizations.

Various forecasts of the development of modern society Futurology (futurum future) is the doctrine of the future. This concept first appeared in the scientific language in 1943 and has become extremely popular these days. The global forecast is a forecast of the development of mankind in the light of existing global problems. Global forecasts are developed in three main directions: pessimistic, predicting a global resource, environmental, food crisis in the near future and offering a way out, consisting in reducing the population and production (English scientist Thomas Malthus); optimistic, believing that the bowels of the Earth, the World Ocean and outer space contain many raw materials and energy resources that have not yet been developed; the population explosion is not eternal; reducing military spending and establishing peace on Earth will become a vital necessity and reality, which means that the path to sustainable economic prosperity will open and the social and scientific and technological progress of mankind will become possible (German scientist Fritz Baade); neutral, proceeding from the fact that it is impossible to say with certainty whether global trends will lead to terrible catastrophes or will be prevented, since there are no limits to a person's ability to adapt to the environment (American scientist Paul Kennedy).

Conclusion. The variety of global problems is amazing, the pace of their development is frightening. However, people of good will are able to do a lot to slow them down, limit their impact, and even correct the situation as a whole. Otherwise, humanity will only have to blame itself for all subsequent catastrophes. Apocalypse or Golden Age? The choice is ours...

References. Kishenkova O.V. Recent history. 9, 11 classes.: Method. allowance. Moscow: Bustard, S; Guidelines for the course "Man and Society". Ch class / Bogolyubov L.N. etc. M.: Prosveshchenie, S. 7680; Kennedy P. Entering the twenty-first century. M.: The whole world, p.; Toynbee A. J. Civilization before the court of history. M.: Rolf, p.; Yakovets Yu.V. History of civilizations. M.: Humanit. ed. center VLADOS, S