How to deal with children's tantrums? What do sensitive parents need to know? "I do not want! I won't! No need! I'm on my own!" - crisis of the age of three: signs of a crisis and how to overcome it In a child of three years
If you have already thought of your Halloween makeup and Halloween costume, then the only thing left to think about is such a trifle that completes your look like a manicure. In fact, this is a trifle only at first glance. A Halloween manicure can be an important element of your look, or even a key accent if you so desire. Our photo selection of 2017 will definitely help you make a choice in favor of one or another “terrible” nail design. Look!
Halloween manicure colors 2017
So, for nail design for this event, we choose black varnishes, blood red, orange, white varnish is suitable for ideas with skulls, bones, teeth, eyeballs. You can use these, or try other trendy nail polish colors. The main thing in this nail design is the presence of a thematic pattern.
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Black manicure for halloween 2017
For those who do not want to draw anything on their nails, but want to get a themed and at the same time beautiful manicure, I suggest paying attention to black varnishes. Halloween 2017 is perhaps the only day of the year when long, sharp nails are welcome. It is on this day that it is ideal to make sharp and long claws. If in everyday life you do not like this form, then use false nails. They will be easy to remove after the celebration. Pointed stiletto nails painted black are a good option if you dressed up in a catwoman costume. They can be covered with a shiny varnish to give the manicure a festive look. By the way, this design is perfect for the image of a witch. Short black nails will perfectly complement the image of zombies and ghosts. And if you want to recreate the image of a glamorous witch, then additionally decorate the plates with sparkles and rhinestones. Don't forget the decorations. Remove massive rings and bracelets from the box.
Manicure black and red ombre for Halloween 2017
For lovers of minimalism, Halloween manicure can be depicted simply in black or red. At the same time, it is appropriate to add various decorative elements for nail arat. A scary and beautiful option at the same time is a red and black manicure 2017 with an ombre effect. This is the perfect complement to an evil sorceress or witch costume. With such a manicure, you will look stylish, original and incredibly attractive this night. For Halloween 2017, it is not necessary to dress very, very scary.
Lunar manicure for halloween 2017
A great option for intelligent witches. It will look great not only a black manicure with a light, crescent moon, but also a blood-red, maroon, red-cherry moon design. Perhaps the best option for an aristocratic vampire is slightly pointed nails with a moon manicure in red. And in general, all red and burgundy varnishes are welcome on Halloween.
Halloween Skull Manicure 2017
Another classic 2017 Halloween nail art design is the skull. Skulls are one of the most popular images to draw on Halloween night. Along with skeletons, this nail design is common. Also, if you are going to host a party at your home, you can place the skulls around the table or in different rooms that the guests will pass through. Then a manicure with skulls for Halloween will complement the style of your party. And besides, this design is simply amazing. Such a manicure can be supplemented with various decorative elements in the form of sparkles and sequins. Traditionally, a white skull is depicted on a black background, but this rule can be broken and any varnish in a contrasting color can be used as a base. If you do not like too gloomy drawings, it is allowed to make them more friendly, sometimes even cute.
Halloween Skeleton Manicure 2017
Skeleton manicure 2017 has unlimited fantasy, they are one of the most popular scary manicures that every girl loves. Such a nail design can be funny, terrible and scary or consist of fragments. In the last photo, you can even play with the movement of your fingers and it will seem that the skeleton is moving. Horror!
Halloween Monster Manicure 2017
Manicure 2017 with monsters is used more rarely on Halloween night. That is why such a design will be more unique. A monster manicure will give your nails a little substance and will definitely guarantee attention from the outside. And to make it, you just need to choose a few types of a typical color and show a little imagination.
Halloween Blood Manicure 2017
Another cool Halloween nail design idea is the blood-splattered nail effect. It is easy to do it yourself. To do this, first paint your nails with white polish, then pour a drop of red polish on any surface and dip a drinking straw into it. After that, bring the tube to the nail and blow the varnish out of it. This will create a natural splattered blood effect on the nails.
Manicure with cats for Halloween 2017
A cat is a mystical animal that is not uncommon in Halloween decor, why don't we decorate our nails with a silhouette of it? Cute black cats were feared in ancient times, they were considered minions of the Prince of Darkness himself. Decorate your nails with images of these damn cute creatures. They will look good both on a plain background and on a French manicure. Thanks to the inexplicable magical properties, the black cat has also become a symbol of Halloween. Not so much scary as graceful and sweet. Therefore, manicure with cats is no less popular for young "sorceresses" than with pumpkins.
Halloween Pumpkin Manicure 2017
Of course, the most important attribute of the holiday is the pumpkin. You can do a pumpkin nail design, or just cover your nails with orange polish. Bright orange varnish does not have to be complemented with patterns, it looks festive in itself. The symbol of Halloween is a pumpkin with eyes and teeth, which is considered an evil spirit. This fact can also be used to create a manicure. Therefore, feel free to use these mouth-watering fruits for ornament. Cover your nails with a base coat that will contrast with the orange pumpkins. Using a thin brush and black varnish, draw grimaces on the pumpkins. You can decorate it with an image of individual nails, or you can do everything. Images of individual parts of the pumpkin are also acceptable. Pumpkins on nails 2017 do not have to have a gloomy expression, and the colors of the manicure can be matched to your main costume.
Manicure with cobwebs and spiders for Halloween 2017
A manicure with spiders and cobwebs looks quite beautiful and interesting. To make such a manicure is quite simple: you need to varnish your nails, and then draw a cobweb with a special brush or a regular toothpick. If you prefer bright colors over gloomy ones, you can use more cheerful colors instead of a black background. For example, red. And for more variety, paint each nail with a different color. Such a pattern can be performed completely on the entire nail or on a separate section of it.
Manicure with bats for Halloween 2017
Bats can also be depicted as both good and evil, you can combine several drawings in one composition. The image of bats is appropriate to combine with the jacket of 2017.
Pediatricians note that the development of each child occurs "according to an individual program." Three-year-old children develop rapidly and spasmodically. The baby's skills are improving every day, and parents are surprised to note all the new achievements of their fidget. And although it is unlikely that you will be able to find even two babies with a set of the same skills, there are certain developmental standards at any age, including at 3 years old.
Content:
Speech skills
The speech of a child by the age of 3 changes dramatically. This is no longer a clumsy monosyllabic conversation, but connected sentences with a change in words according to cases and declensions. The vocabulary is about 1.5 thousand words, of which 500-600 words are actively used. However, not all children speak freely, many do not pronounce hissing sounds and the sound [r]. The required language skills are as follows:
- correctly pronounces his name and surname, the names of parents and close people;
- makes sentences of five or more words, using prepositions correctly;
- sentences consist mainly of nouns, pronouns and verbs;
- memorizes short children's poems, reciting them from memory, retelling short prose;
- easily recognizes and names objects familiar to him;
- compose a story from a picture using up to 5 simple sentences;
- uses words in the singular and plural in conversation;
- knows many adjectives, but rarely uses them in speech, more often uses them separately, characterizing an object or phenomenon;
- distinguishes antonyms and uses them correctly (big - small, high - low);
- conducts a dialogue, coherently answers questions.
At this age, some children begin the “age of the why”, when they ask questions about all the objects and phenomena that they meet on their way. It is important to be patient and satisfy the curiosity of the baby. You need to talk a lot with a child, read books, learn poems and lyrics. Let him talk about his impressions, using words from the category of perception (liked, remembered, saw, felt). All this perfectly develops speech, enriches vocabulary and conceptual stock.
Thinking
The speech and thinking of a three-year-old child are closely related. Perceiving new phenomena, he tries to explain and tell about them. At the age of 3, a child already has access to the simplest causal relationships, he draws conclusions from what he saw and heard, tries to explain some phenomena:
- Makes simple logical chains, based on his own observations and stories of adults. So, he is quite capable of determining that it was raining at night if he saw puddles in the window in the morning.
- Compares pictures or objects, finds similarities and differences, groups them according to a common feature. Able to identify the "extra" item in the presented series.
- Recalls the events of the recent past, talks about what happened a few days ago.
- Collects puzzles consisting of 6-8 elements. Easily assembles a pyramid, given the size of the rings. From the cubes he makes a turret, trying to put them evenly.
- Knows the concepts of "one-many", counts up to five, showing the corresponding number on the fingers.
- He knows up to 10 colors, distinguishes them and names them himself, knows and distinguishes the basic geometric shapes, the concepts of the seasons, the names of vegetables, fruits, flowers, and so on.
- Compares figures by shape, color, groups them, arranges them by size - from larger to smaller, selects one object to another according to a given attribute.
A child at 3 years old already makes rather complex decisions and tries to explain his actions. This is the time when special attention should be paid to creative development: sculpt together from plasticine, draw, make crafts from natural materials. This develops not only thinking and creativity, but also fine motor skills.
Motor development
Experts advise developing a child’s motor skills up to school age, because the clarity of movements depends on this, even how correctly he will hold a pen when writing. At 3 years old, a child should be able to do the following:
- easy to collect one bead, pea and other small object;
- put beads on a thread;
- sculpt balls of plasticine;
- cut paper with scissors;
- collect mosaic.
For the development of fine motor skills, there are special exercises and games that allow you to improve motor skills. Finger gymnastics, which is performed daily during or before classes, will help.
Video: Develop fine motor skills: finger gymnastics for the little ones.
household skills
At the age of 3, a child strives for independence in everything: for example, he tries to tie his shoelaces and brush his teeth. Household skills at this age are already quite developed, the baby can easily perform all the necessary hygiene and other daily procedures on his own:
- he dresses confidently, some can even distinguish between right and left legs, front and back side in clothes;
- knows his things and knows how to use them, finds his toothbrush and towel;
- unbuttons and fastens buttons on clothes, puts things in the closet;
- cleans up toys after him, puts them in their places: cubes in a box, soft toys on shelves, the rest - in a basket;
- eats neatly with a spoon on his own, some children are quite deftly controlled with a fork;
- uses a handkerchief for its intended purpose, wipes a soiled face with a napkin;
- washes hands before eating, wiping them with a towel;
- takes off shoes and outerwear when coming home from the street.
Everything that a child at 3 years old should be able to do in terms of everyday skills is instilled exclusively by close people. Failure to meet certain criteria is not an age mismatch or developmental delay, rather, it is an omission of parents.
motor skills
Three-year-olds are very active and mobile. Coordination is already fully developed, the baby freely controls his movements, testing his own abilities and abilities:
- confidently and quickly runs;
- plays ball: kicks it, throws it up, catches it;
- easily climbs and descends stairs, including vertical ones, alternating legs, more physically developed children can jump over the steps;
- he himself climbs the hill and rolls down it;
- keeps balance, standing on toes, can walk a fairly long distance;
- walks backwards;
- rides a tricycle;
- keeps balance and jumps on one leg;
- rolls back and forth.
It is better to put the overflowing energy of the baby in the right direction by identifying him in one of the sections for the smallest, where he will develop physically. Swimming is a very good training of motor functions and coordination. This must be done under the guidance of an experienced instructor.
Cognitive, intellectual and emotional development
Mental processes: attention, memory and thinking - by the age of 3 are already well developed. The kid is well oriented in space, can show the way to the store or playground. He is already able to concentrate on one lesson for up to 5 minutes, which can be used in educational games aimed at describing the sequence of actions shown in the picture, or describing the picture from memory.
Talking about the events of the day, the baby embellishes reality. Sometimes this is perceived by adults as a lie, but this is only a manifestation of fantasy, which by this time begins to develop.
The child understands that he is an independent person, trying to show his individuality in everything, to defend his opinion, which often turns out to be the opposite of the opinion of his parents. The replacement of the pronoun “we” with “I” is also connected with this: “I will go”, “I will do”.
Psychologists talk about the crisis of three years, when yesterday's obedient child becomes capricious, does not fulfill the requests of his parents. This is a kind of attempt to defend the emerging point of view. It is very important not to try to achieve complete obedience, but to find a compromise in relationships, otherwise trust and mutual understanding can be lost, causing aggression.
Social Communication Skills
Communication skills with other people are becoming increasingly important for the child. If earlier he was content with communicating with his parents, now he is increasingly striving to be in the circle of his peers. Until recently, children played side by side, but at the age of 3, they begin to play together, sharing toys, learning role-playing games with pleasure:
- the child easily gets acquainted with other children, although some still prefer independent games to collective ones;
- perceives and obeys the rules of a certain game;
- during the game sees and understands the danger, can prevent it;
- in communication with others, he uses the words “thank you” and “please”, “hello” and “goodbye”.
The listed skills and abilities are the result of cognitive and educational games, active communication with loved ones and peers. A child's day during this period should be rich and varied, filled with new emotional and tactile sensations. However, do not overdo it, otherwise you will not avoid overexcitation and poor sleep. The mode for the baby is still very important, and by the end of the day it is advisable to replace active games with calm ones, without disregarding reading at night.
So three years have flown by! Bright, saturated, unique! Your child has turned into a full-fledged personality with his own character, habits, temperament, he has his own peculiarities of figure and behavior. He is a good conversationalist, he can tell how his day went, where he was, what he saw. Children at the age of 3 begin to realize themselves as separate individuals, with their own desires, interests and preferences. Over the years, the baby has noticeably grown up, mastered new skills and abilities, has become dexterous, active and inquisitive. Vocabulary at 3 years old is up to 1000 words, in his speech the baby successfully uses numbers, adjectives, pronouns, adverbs, in children's questions you can often hear “how?” and why?" Sometimes his many questions baffle you, and sometimes your head is spinning from their number. Be patient, do not interrupt the child, his desire to learn new things in the world around him is natural, and your harshness can suppress his cognitive aspirations in the baby, and this can adversely affect the further development of the crumbs. The kid wants to be good, we are waiting for approval and praise from an adult. Increasingly more self-reliant and independent. At this age, it is very important for a child to be appreciated and praised.
What's new
At three years old, a child should know and name correctly four primary colors and some shades of colors. At this age, the baby is able to collect successively (that is, from smallest to largest) caps, a pyramid, molds, a matryoshka of 4-6 components.
Able to pick up geometric shapes according to the sample, can also pick up the corresponding shapes according to the shape of the hole in the developmental aid (game).
Can name familiar geometric shapes. Collects a pyramid of 10 rings (in size, for example, in descending order, in color, in shape).
Distinguishes objects by size - small, medium, large. Can distinguish an object by texture - soft, hard.
Drawing skills are improving, so the kid can complete the missing details to the adult’s drawing - for example, a leaf to a branch, a stem to a flower, smoke to a steam locomotive.
He tries to paint over, draws ovals, circles, draws lines.
While drawing, the baby can imitate the writing of an adult. During modeling, he can pinch off a piece of plasticine, roll it in his palms, and connect the parts. He tries to sculpt simple shapes - sausage, ball, bagel and others.
At three years old, a child is able to master rather complex skills, such as riding a tricycle, swinging, sledding. By the age of three, many kids are no longer afraid to swim. The child is good at jumping over obstacles, walks on an inclined plane, jumps in length from a place on two legs, can jump from a small height. At this age, children can perform two actions at the same time (for example, stomp and clap, jump and raise their arms to the sides). With ease, the child throws, rolls, catches the ball.
Three-year-old children enjoy playing and communicating with their peers, exchanging toys, “driving” companies.
He is also capable of long games with a toy that has attracted his attention, play story games, look at pictures and listen to fairy tales. Focuses on tasks for longer periods of time.
The development of the nervous system in a child at three years old
From three to six years, the final myelination of the fibers occurs, the child's brain is almost mature, vital skills are formed. By the age of six, the mental development of a child reaches such a degree that, in the absence of adults, this little person can fully provide for his life. From 3 to 6 years in a child's life - the preschool period. Preschool age occupies a place between early and primary school age (from 3 to 6-7 years) and is extremely important for the development of the child's psyche and personality. The leading activity of this age is the game, so it is no coincidence that it is also called the “age of the game”. Within the preschool age, 3 periods are distinguished:
- Junior preschool age 3-4 years.
- Average 4–5 years.
- Senior 5–6/7 years.
On average, the main content of the game is the relationship between people. Children play so-called role-playing games. Here, actions are no longer performed for the sake of actions, they are a means of realizing the role, contributing to the development of the plot. The introduction of a plot and a play role significantly increases the child's capabilities in many areas of mental life.
In older preschool age, role-playing is gradually replaced by a game with rules. The main content of the game is the implementation of the rules arising from the role taken on. Game actions are reduced, generalized and become conditional.
From a scientific point of view, games are of great importance for the mental development of the child. At this age, the mental development of a preschooler is almost ready for the start of a systematic educational process in educational institutions.
Children are offered games that:
- Develop fine motor skills of fingers.
- Increase the associative array.
- They help to solve logical problems of low complexity.
- Develop attention.
In addition to play, other forms of activity are also characteristic of preschool age: designing, drawing, modeling, perception of fairy tales and stories, etc. The child gradually masters the coordination of small hand movements. This gives him the opportunity to improve his visual activity. Most children of this age draw with great enthusiasm. The visual activity of a child of this age period is different in that the result is completely unimportant for him. The process of creating a drawing comes to the fore. Therefore, once a drawing is completed, children often throw it away. And only by the end of preschool age the child begins to pay attention to the drawing itself, that is, to evaluate the result of his work. From a psychological point of view, drawing is regarded as a kind of children's speech and as a preparatory stage for written speech. In the drawing, the child expresses his attitude to reality, in it you can immediately see what is the main thing for the child, and what is secondary.
Be sure to read fairy tales and poems to your baby, and then ask them to retell them.
Do not be too lazy to devote the maximum amount of time to the neuropsychic development of the child. Do not shift the responsibility to the nanny, garden, school. Even if something goes wrong, children are like plasticine: at an early age, a lot can be corrected.
Crisis of three years
The crises that your child will overcome (and has already overcome) are actually not so few: this is a neonatal crisis, a crisis of one year, three years, seven years, the well-known crisis of adolescence. It should be noted that the names of crises (except, perhaps, newborns) are very conditional, and the time of their occurrence depends on the particular child and the conditions of his life.By the age of three, parents often find that the baby is not so easy to handle. He suddenly ceases to obey, and what he recently took for granted now causes him a storm of protest. Why is this happening? And how to call the baby to order and tranquility?
Three years is the age when a child so wants to feel like an adult and independent, at this age children already have their own “want” and are ready to defend it in front of adults. This is the time of discoveries and finds, the age of awakening fantasy and awareness of oneself as a person. A pronounced feature of this period is the crisis of three years. In babies, it can manifest itself in different ways, but the main "symptoms" are extreme stubbornness, negativism and self-will.
All this is explained by the fact that at the age of 3-5 years the child is trying to take his place among people. He is trying to realize his individuality and his differences from other children. He feels like a person and does everything so that adults perceive him as an equal. It is at this time that a small person is trying to find those activities that he likes. He wants to be like adults in everything, and the fact that they always help him in everything leads him to negativity. By changing behavior, character and strong-willed qualities are formed. There is pride in their successes, a desire to help, independence, a sense of duty. And the point is not even how this period proceeds, but what changes it will entail in the character of the child. But how long the process will last and how painful it is for the child depends directly on the parents, their methods of education. Punishments and prohibitions for no reason, limitation of independence, suppression of initiative can be the reason for the acute flow of this period.
Good to know
The crisis of 3 years in children is a serious test for parents, but the child at this time has an even harder time. He does not understand what is happening to him, and is not able to control his behavior. And he needs your support.
Signs of a crisis 3 years
- Negativism. In a general sense, negativism means the desire to contradict, to do the opposite of what he is told. The child may be very hungry, or really want to listen to a fairy tale, but he will refuse only because you, or some other adult, offers it to him. Negativism must be distinguished from ordinary disobedience. After all, the child does not obey you, not because he wants to, but because at the moment he cannot do otherwise. By refusing your offer or request, he "defends" his "I".
- Stubbornness. Having expressed his own point of view or asked for something, the little three-year-old stubborn will bend his line with all his might. Does he really want the execution of the "application"? May be. But, most likely, not very much, or in general for a long time lost desire. But how will the baby understand that his point of view is considered, that his opinion is listened to if you do it your way?
- Obstinacy. Obstinacy, unlike negativism, is a general protest against the usual way of life, the norms of upbringing. The child is dissatisfied with everything that is offered to him.
- Willfulness. The little headstrong three-year-old accepts only what he has decided and conceived for himself. This is a kind of tendency towards independence, but hypertrophied and inadequate to the capabilities of the child. It is not difficult to guess that such behavior causes conflicts and quarrels with others.
- Depreciation. Everything that used to be interesting, familiar, expensive is depreciating. Favorite toys during this period become bad, affectionate grandmother - nasty, parents - angry. The child may begin to swear, call names (there is a depreciation of old norms of behavior), break a favorite toy or tear a book (attachments to previously expensive objects are depreciated), etc.
- Protest riot. This condition can best be described in the words of the famous psychologist L.S. Vygotsky: "The child is at war with others, in constant conflict with them."
- Despotism. Until recently, affectionate, a baby at the age of three often turns into a real family despot. He dictates to everyone around him the norms and rules of behavior: what to feed him, what to wear, who can leave the room and who can’t, what to do for one family member and what for the rest. If there are still children in the family, despotism begins to take on the features of heightened jealousy. Indeed, from the point of view of a three-year-old peanut, his brothers or sisters do not have any rights in the family at all.
Good to know
The crisis of three years in children should simply be waited out like a storm, experienced like an earthquake and endured like a disease. So your motto for this year is patience, patience and patience!
Calm, only calm
The main manifestations of the crisis, disturbing parents, usually consist in the so-called "affective outbursts" - tantrums, tears, whims. Recommendations for behavior in such situations will be the same: do nothing and do not decide until the baby is completely calm. However, there are many babies who are able to "fight in hysterics" for a long time, and few mother's hearts can withstand this picture. Therefore, it may be useful to "pity" the child: hug, put on his knees, pat on the head. This method usually works flawlessly, but you should not abuse it. After all, the child gets used to the fact that his tears and whims are followed by “positive reinforcement”. And once he gets used to it, he will use this opportunity to get an additional “portion” of affection and attention. It is best to stop the beginning tantrum by simply switching attention. At the age of three, babies are very receptive to everything new, and a new toy, cartoon, or offer to do something interesting can stop the conflict and save your nerves. Trial and error method
Let your child make mistakes now, before your very eyes. This will help him avoid many serious problems in the future. But for this, you yourself must see in your baby, yesterday's baby, an independent person who has the right to go his own way and be understood. It was found that if parents limit the manifestations of the child's independence, punish or ridicule his attempts at independence, then the development of the little man is disturbed: and instead of will, independence, a heightened sense of shame and insecurity is formed. Of course, the path of freedom is not the path of connivance. Define for yourself those boundaries that the child does not have the right to go beyond. For example, you can't play on the roadway, you can't skip naps, you can't walk through the forest without a hat, etc. You must adhere to these boundaries under any circumstances. In other situations, give the baby the freedom to act on his own mind.freedom of choice
The right to make your own decision is one of the main signs of how free we feel in a given situation. A three-year-old kid has the same perception of reality. This will allow the child to form the qualities necessary in life, and you will be able to cope with some of the negative manifestations of the crisis of three years. Does the kid say “no”, “I won’t”, “I don’t want” to everything? Then don't force it! Offer him two options to choose from: draw with felt-tip pens or pencils, walk in the yard or in the park, eat from a blue or green plate. You will save your nerves, and the child will enjoy and be sure that his opinion is taken into account. The kid is stubborn, and you can’t convince him in any way? Try to "stage" such situations in "safe" conditions. For example, when you are not in a hurry and can choose from several options. After all, if the kid manages to defend his point of view, he gets confidence in his abilities, the significance of his own opinion. Stubbornness is the beginning of the development of the will, the achievement of the goal. And it is in your power to direct it in this direction, and not make it a source of "donkey" character traits for life. It is also worth mentioning the “do the opposite” technique known to some parents. Tired of the endless “no”, “I don’t want” and “I won’t”, the mother begins to energetically convince her baby of the opposite of what she is trying to achieve. For example, "under no circumstances go to bed", "you must not sleep", "do not eat this soup". With a small stubborn three-year-old, this method often works. However, is it worth using it? Even from the outside, it looks very unethical: a child is the same person as you, however, using your position, experience, knowledge, you deceive and manipulate him. In addition to the issue of ethics, here we can recall another point: the crisis serves the development of the individual, the formation of character. Will a child who is constantly "cheated" in this way learn something new? Will he develop the necessary qualities in himself? This can only be doubted.The game
Increased independence is one of the features of the three-year crisis. Parents can really help the child overcome the crisis faster, make it less painful for the baby himself and for everyone around him. This can be done in the game. It was her great psychologist and expert on child development, Eric Erikson, who compared it with a “safe island”, where the baby can “develop and test his independence, independence.” The world learns through games. Don't forget about it. With the help of the game, you can not only teach him etiquette or rules of conduct, but also make him do what he does not want. For example, if he refuses to eat, then offer to feed toys that will only eat with him. Use it. The age crisis is a turning point in a child's life. He will need your love, care and tenderness more than ever. Therefore, do not be stingy, let him feel that he is loved by you.
Physical development of a child at 3 years old
Can stand on tiptoe (socks) for a few seconds. Walks on tiptoe for at least 3 meters. Must be able to stand on one leg for at least 3-4 seconds.
Jumps over a line on the floor. By the age of three, and often even earlier, he independently climbs the stairs, alternating legs: he puts one foot on each step when climbing up. He descends more carefully, placing two feet on each step. Can jump down the last step by keeping both feet together.
Throws and catches the ball. At 3.5 years old, all children must catch a ball thrown from a distance of 2 meters.
He rides a tricycle, pedaling. If the baby does not have a bicycle, you can check the coordination using a test.
Test
If shown and explained well, the baby can perform two different actions at the same time - stomp their feet and clap their hands.
3 year old skills
He dresses and wears himself. Fastens buttons, except for inconvenient ones, for example, on the back. Some children can be taught to tie their shoelaces. Undresses independently. Knows how to fold his clothes before going to bed. Notices the mess in his clothes. Knows how to use a handkerchief and napkin as needed without being reminded. Knows how to wipe his feet at the entrance to the apartment. Self-washes hands with soap and dries them with a towel. Some children brush their own teeth, but most still need help squeezing toothpaste onto the brush. Inserts the key in the door lock (from two years old), turns the key in the door lock. In the daily life of the family, he is active: he likes to help adults with cleaning the house, shopping, working in the garden and garden. You can entrust the child to carry the dishes and set the table.
Regulates his physiological needs - goes to the toilet on time. Does everything on his own (undressing, sitting down, dressing), except for using toilet paper.
Eats carefully with a spoon and fork. Holds them by the end of the handle.
3 year old child play
Assembles a pyramid of eight to ten rings according to a pattern or pattern (in descending order of size, in size and color, in shape and size). Builds a tower of eight to nine cubes.Selects flat geometric shapes to the sample (circle, rectangle, triangle, trapezium, oval, square). Some of them are called: circle, triangle, square, etc.
At the show, at the request of an adult, or in an independent game, he collects sequentially (puts the smaller one into the larger one) nesting dolls, bowls, molds, caps from four to five components (that is, he can put 3-4 nesting dolls into each other). When nesting shapes, you should no longer use brute force. He understands well how to insert an object, which part or side of it to bring to another object. But you may also need help to close the matryoshka and combine the patterns on its two halves.
When presented with three objects of different sizes, he finds and can name large, small and medium. Determines the object by texture (soft, hard).
From cubes, a designer or auxiliary materials, he begins to make more complex story buildings and calls them: a house, a fence, a car, a bridge, etc. He builds not only on his own or according to an adult’s speech instruction, he can build according to a model or drawing, copies the model. Uses these buildings for a board game with plot toys (car, bear, doll).
At this age, you can already start buying the simplest board games for your child.
Seeks to play with other children. It becomes important for the child to participate in a collective role-playing game. When distributing roles, elders readily play the role assigned to him: "You will be a bunny." Willingly performs tasks in the game. Follows the rules in outdoor games. Demonstrates an understanding of taking turns when playing with children. There is a tendency to have friends. Kindly treats children: does not grab toys, does not take without asking, shares his toys. For the further development of the child, it is useful to organize communication with other children and attend kindergarten. As stated earlier, girls get used to kindergarten better. For boys, the start of kindergarten can be delayed until 3.5 years.
Improved independent role-playing game. For example, while playing with a doll or a bear, a child can say “I am a mother”, “I am a doctor”, that is, he takes on a certain role. Dressing and undressing dolls. Shows imagination in the game (chair - car, cube - soap). Due to the imagination, he can carry out game actions without objects. Fantasizes in the game, introducing fairy-tale characters into it. In the game, he calls himself some kind of character. Answers an adult's question: "Who are you?" He talks a lot during the game, commenting on his actions or what he imagines in the game. Uses role-playing speech in the game. Speaks for himself and for the doll.
draws
Correctly holds the pencil with the fingers of the dominant hand, copies from the sample, draws horizontal and vertical lines, closed shapes (circle, sun, apple). According to the show, he can draw a cross, but not every child can copy it. Copying differs from drawing by show in that when copying, the child does not see how you draw yourself. The child copies from the drawing you have already drawn. Therefore, copying is a more difficult task than drawing from your show.
After your show, he begins to draw a two-part man, with a pair of limbs, for example, two arms, counted as one part. He usually draws either the torso and head, or the torso and legs, most often a “cephalopod” - a man without a torso.
He begins to paint on his own. Explains what he is drawing (sun, path, rain, etc.). Starts to paint over the drawings. Shows interest in drawing and modeling. Rolls out lumps of clay, plasticine in the palms, connects the parts. Sculpts simple shapes (ball, column, sausage, bagel). Calls them in response to the question: “What is this?” He rejoices in his actions when he succeeds. Gets upset when he can't do something.
Mental development of a child at 3 years old
He shows a sense of pride in himself (“I run best of all”), for parents (“dad is the strongest”, “mother is the most beautiful”). Begins to understand humor - laughs, perplexed. Emotionally reacts differently to beautiful, ugly: notices, distinguishes, evaluates.Emotionally evaluates the situation: empathizes (if someone is hurt), helps (if you need help), sympathizes, behaves quietly (if someone is sleeping, tired). He notices grief, discontent, joy of adults or children. Emotionally empathizes with the characters when listening to fairy tales, watching children's performances, cartoons (he is happy, sad, angry, grimaces from "pain", etc.).
Experiencing a feeling of chagrin, shame. He understands that he did something bad (did not have time to go to the toilet, spilled water), expects a negative assessment from an adult. Worries if scolded. Long can be offended by the punishment. He understands when someone else is doing something wrong. Gives an emotionally negative assessment: “You can’t offend (break, tear, take away, fight).”
Can be jealous, offended, intercede, angry, cunning, mischievous.
Shows shyness with characteristic facial expressions, especially when a stranger addresses him. Wary of unfamiliar animals, individuals, new situations. There may be fears, fear of the dark.
A sense of caution and an understanding of danger are formed. Begins to navigate in terms: dangerous - safe, harmful - useful. However, even at this age, it is necessary to continue to explain to the child the possible dangers, as described in the previous stage “2 years 6 months”. Performs verbal instructions consisting of four to five steps. Becomes more accommodating, begins to understand the difference between the past and the future, and realizes the possibility of postponing the immediate fulfillment of their desires for the future. Makes attempts to put things in order around him. With proper upbringing, he shows emotional restraint: he does not scream in public places, calmly crosses the street with an adult, does not run along the sidewalk, calmly listens to the request of an adult and fulfills it, stops crying with a reasonable ban.
At the same time, he can be disobedient, emotionally tense when movements are limited, when adults do not understand his requests and desires. Can be assertive in their demands. Often repeats: "I myself." Compared to the “2 years 6 months” stage, all children should already clearly understand the quantitative ratio (one and many). A test can be done to test this understanding.
Test
Put one item on the table (preferably a candy), and on the other side - a few candies; then ask the child to show: “Where is one candy, and where is a lot?” In the future, the idea of numbers expands. The child shows and says: "One, two, three, many, few."
Begins to distinguish between right and left sides, although he may still be mistaken. The leading hand (right-handedness or left-handedness) is determined in the interval of 20 months - 4 years. In the second half of life, there may be transient left-handedness in right-handed children.
He understands the difference between his own and someone else's, learns to share with others. He understands that his things should be returned back, and other people's toys (for example, in the kindergarten) do not belong to him, they must be returned. Knows the names of body parts (head, neck, back, chest, abdomen, arms, legs, fingers). Knows the purpose of body parts: “eyes look”, “ears listen”, “legs walk”.
Knows the names of the same parts of the body in humans and animals: "eyes - for everyone, legs - for a person, paws - for an animal, hands - for a person, wings - for a bird."
During this age period, the child should be fairly well oriented in four colors. Begins to distinguish between black and white colors, selects them according to a sample or at the request of an adult: "Give me a red cube, give me a black cube." To the question "What color is the cube?" correctly names 2-3 (sometimes more) colors.
He listens to fairy tales with great interest, has the most favorite ones and demands to repeat them again and again. Likes to watch TV.
Active speech of a child at 3 years old
At three years, the natural diversity (variability) in the speech development of different children is reduced, and all children without any developmental deviations must meet the requirements below.
Names some animals from the picture, as well as their cubs, household items, clothes, utensils, equipment, plants, etc.
All children at this age should say “I” about themselves: “I went”, “I myself”. Uses the pronouns "you", "we", "mine".
The child should be able to speak in simple, grammatical phrases. Usually phrases consist of three or four words. Begins to combine two phrases into a complex sentence (the main and subordinate parts of the sentence): "When dad comes home from work, we'll go for a walk." Words in phrases can change in numbers and cases. The speech of the child must be understandable to outsiders. He often accompanies his actions with speech. Enters into speech dialogues with children and adults. Briefly tells adults about what he is doing now or has done recently, that is, he is having a conversation consisting of several sentences. Answers the questions of an adult according to the plot picture. Tells a familiar story in a connected way.
Attention!
If at 3 years old a child communicates only with the help of babbling words and fragments of babbling sentences: “gaki” (eyes), “notes” (legs), “eye” (window), “virgins” (door), “uti” (hands) ; “da tina” (give me a car), then an urgent consultation with a neurologist and classes with a speech therapist are necessary (even if the child has successfully passed the preventive examination of the “official” speech therapist).
During this period, the child can learn and repeat short poems (couples and quatrains), short songs and passages from fairy tales. Word creation and a tendency to rhyme appear. Shows a special interest in the conversations of adults among themselves.
Quickly answers the question: "What is your name?" He calls not only his first name, but also his last name. Calls friends by name.
Answers the question: "How old are you?" At first, he only shows on his fingers, and a little later he begins to name his age. Knows his gender. Correctly answers the question: "Are you a boy or a girl?" Begins to distinguish the gender of others.
Asks not only simple questions: “What is this?”, “Who?”, “Where?”, “Where?” Increasingly, cognitive questions appear: “Why?”, “When?”, “Why?” and others. The question "why?" marks a new stage in the mental development of the child. The age of why is coming. Before that, he just got acquainted with the world, and now he seeks to understand this world. The earlier the child asked the question “why?”, the more complete his mental development, the later, the more pronounced the delay. If a three-year-old child does not yet ask this question, then parents should ask it themselves and answer it themselves, thereby stimulating the child's cognitive interest.
Child mode at 3 years old
The sleep of a child at 3 years old is practically no different from what it was a year earlier. It is advisable to give at least 10 hours of sleep at night and put a three-year-old child to sleep during the day once every hour or two. Due to increased motor activity and strong impressionability, it is not easy to put children to sleep during the day at this age, but it is better to insist on your own - systematic lack of sleep will not be useful for the child's body. 
Before going to bed it is useful to take a bath. Do not forget about hygiene: a baby at 3 years old should already be able to wash himself, brush his teeth, and go to the toilet.
His clothes must be clean and ironed. If the child is dirty, it must be changed immediately. He should know not to walk around in soiled clothes, so he will get used to being neat. For children, it is advisable to purchase clothes only from natural fabrics. Especially, which is in contact with the body, so that it does not cause chafing and irritation. At home, the baby should be dressed in soft, comfortable flannel or knitwear.
At three years old, the baby tries to brush his teeth on his own, under the supervision of adults. Let him do this, while periodically showing him how to move the brush correctly. Particular attention should be paid to the recesses between the teeth, since it is there that most food particles remain and plaque accumulates. The child's teeth should be brushed 2 times a day: in the morning - after breakfast and in the evening - after dinner. During for, after each meal (especially sweet), teach your child to rinse his mouth.
Teach your child to use only their own hygiene items (towel, washcloth, toothbrush, comb, etc.). To prevent diseases, it is better to hang a separate towel for the child. Show him where it hangs and replace it regularly with a clean one.
3 years is the time when most children go to kindergarten. All babies are individual, and therefore it is necessary to decide whether a child of 3 years old can be sent to a kindergarten or not, based on the accompanying circumstances. If you have no other choice - of course, the child will go to kindergarten. If you decide to take your child to the kindergarten, at least for some time before that, go with him to early development groups - so that parting with you is not so abrupt. It is necessary to accustom the baby to the team of peers in advance. Then the kindergarten will be a joy to him: new impressions, new faces, games with peers.
Good to know
Compliance with the daily routine will help facilitate the period of adaptation of the child to kindergarten. Find out in advance what the daily routine is in kindergarten (which the child will go to) and try to stick to it.
How to breastfeed a 3 year old
At the age of three, the child becomes more and more active. The nutrition of the child should be correct, balanced, varied. Many parents mistakenly believe that from the age of 3 it is time for a child to eat all the dishes from an adult table. But digestion at this age is not yet sufficiently developed and it is necessary to continue to be attentive to nutrition. Transferring a child completely to an adult table is not worth it. It is much easier to act wiser - to transfer the whole family to a healthy diet, thereby establishing a common menu for children and adults. Definitely no need to use a blender anymore when making baby food. Food should be in pieces, make the chewing muscles work and strengthen. But hard food should not be, the child will not be able to chew it well or completely refuse such food.
Nutrition for children 3 years old is also independence. Previously, the baby preferred to open his mouth, seeing a spoon being brought, or spread the puree on the surfaces surrounding him. As he gets older, he gladly demonstrates his skills in independent use of a spoon, loves to eat at the same table with adults, imitates the process of eating, playing with other children or favorite toys.
The daily routine of a 3-year-old child should contain at least 4-5 meals with an interval of three to four hours:
- Breakfast.
- The second breakfast can look like a snack.
- afternoon tea
- Dinner.
Good to know
it is important to observe the measure - do not overfeed the child. Long gone are those hungry times when well-fed meant healthy. A child cannot and should not eat an adult portion. Have pity on the child - the habit of overeating in the future can cause many problems, both medical and psychological.
What should be in the diet of a child of three years
Meat products - in the amount of 70 grams per day. Consume daily. It can be rabbit, veal, lean pork, liver, as well as premium meat products: children's milk sausages, sausages, doctor's boiled sausage. Smoked meat products are contraindicated for peanuts.From fish and fish dishes (for example, fish cakes) in the amount of 60-70 grams per day. Consume twice a week. Mandatory condition: the fish must be carefully separated from the bones.
From milk and dairy products that the baby needs daily. The composition of this valuable product includes calcium and easily digestible protein, which are very important for the growth and development of the child. You can surprise your baby with new dishes for him: lazy dumplings, cheese mass, cottage cheese casserole, etc.
Porridge - which is desirable to serve the baby for breakfast daily. Why in the morning? Yes, because the cereals from which cereals are prepared consist of useful digestive fibers that improve the functioning of the digestive system, contain vitamins, a number of trace elements that give the baby a boost of energy for the whole day. It is useful for a three-year-old baby to eat oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley, wheat and barley porridge, boiled in water or milk.
Boiled eggs. It is contraindicated to give raw eggs to a baby.
Vegetables - which must be consumed by the baby in the amount of three hundred grams daily. It should be potatoes, beets, carrots, onions boiled or stewed. Vinaigrette can be made from vegetables.
Flour products - bread, pasta, pancakes, pancakes, biscuit and oatmeal cookies, which the baby needs in the amount of one hundred grams per day.
Fruits - apples, pears, dried fruits, bananas.
Drinking - natural juices, cocoa, fruit drinks, fruit drinks, tea. Let your baby drink as much as he wants, especially during the hot season. Soda is not recommended, juices are still better and healthier to dilute with water.
Usually it is at the age of three or four that the first acquaintance of the child with sweets occurs - unless, of course, the parents are their principal opponents. It's no big deal to occasionally give your baby candy (although honey is healthier), but don't do it in between feedings. You can also enjoy marmalade or marshmallows. Chocolate can be given in limited quantities if you are not allergic to it.
Good to know
Sweets should not be given to children at night, since the acid formed in the mouth after sweets contributes to dental caries.
Instead of sweets, you can offer your child dried fruits. They are great for children, rich in minerals such as potassium, calcium, iron and magnesium, but also have some healing properties. Dried apricots are good for the cardiovascular system, and help with constipation, and dried pear is recommended for indigestion and a tendency to diarrhea.
Good to know
When buying dried fruits, do not chase after a beautiful appearance - to improve the presentation, sellers often treat dried fruits with sulfur dioxide or chemical dyes.
Approximately per day, a child of 3–5 years old should receive protein:
- Meat - 100–140 g.
- Fish - 50–100 g.
- Egg - 1/2–1 pc.
- Milk (including the cost of cooking) and kefir - 600 ml.
- Cottage cheese - 50 g, Hard cheese and sour cream - 10–15 g each.
Carbohydrates play an equally important role in the body - this is the main source of energy. To replenish the body in carbohydrates, you need to eat vegetables, fruits, cereals. With insufficient intake of carbohydrates, the body can use proteins for energy needs, which will lead to protein deficiency. In turn, an excess of carbohydrates can lead to obesity, flatulence, hypovitaminosis, water retention in the body. Approximately per day, a child of 3-5 years old should receive carbohydrates:
- Cereals, legumes, pasta - 60 g, flour - 30 g.
- Vegetables - 300 g (do not forget to give children turnips, radishes, garlic, green salad), Potatoes - 150–200 g.
- Fruits and berries - 200 g.
- Dried fruits - 15 g.
- Bread - 80–100 g.
- Sugar (considering it in the composition of confectionery products) - 60–70 g.
- Tea (brewing) - 0.2 g.
Good to know
The most harmful are fats formed when vegetable oil is heated. Therefore, what really needs to be limited in the child's diet is food fried in a large amount of oil (chips, french fries, fast food), as well as margarine and all products prepared with its use - cookies, pastries.
Micro-, macroelements and vitamins have no nutritional value for the body, but are essential for the structure of bones and teeth, the immune system, for the health of the skin, eyes, for metabolic processes, osmotic pressure, acid-base state. Therefore, you need to drink mineral water, eat varied, eat vegetables and fruits every day and be sure to add dill, parsley, onion and celery to salads.
Recipes:
Ingredients per 500 g (three small servings):
- 120 g noodles or pasta or vermicelli.
- 180 g cottage cheese 9% (1 pack).
- 1 egg.
- 2 tablespoons of sugar.
- 10 g sour cream.
- 1 tbsp breadcrumbs.
- Butter for greasing the mold.
- Sour cream for serving.
Boil a liter of water in a small saucepan, salt it a little. Cook the noodles in boiling water until cooked through according to package instructions (usually noodles will cook for 8-10 minutes). Drain the water, put the noodles in a large bowl.
Add cottage cheese and sugar to the hot noodles, mix them with a spoon until the cottage cheese has no large pieces.
Add the egg and mix again.
Grease the mold with oil and sprinkle the bottom and sides of the mold with breadcrumbs, shake off the excess breadcrumbs. Put the noodles with cottage cheese in a mold and smooth. Brush the top of the casserole with sour cream and sprinkle with a little breadcrumbs.
Preheat the oven to 200 degrees. Place the casserole in the oven and bake for about 30-35 minutes until the casserole is browned. Remove the casserole and let it stand for 15 minutes, then cut into pieces and serve with sour cream.
How to develop a child at 3 years old
Any classes with a child of 3 years old should be carried out in a playful way, without the use of coercion in any form. The kid must show interest in the educational game and enjoy it, otherwise he will lose interest in it and stop playing it altogether. Spend no more than 15 minutes on any active activity. Do not demand that a child at 3 years old complete the task "no matter what" - this can lead to overwork. Encourage your child's achievements - give him postcards or homemade medals. You can make a letter at the end of the cycle of classes, sign and reward the child with it. Use various didactic aids - layout books, bingo or dominoes with pictures, books with expressive illustrations, books with windows, board games with pictures, wall calendars and posters with useful information (animals, plants, numbers, seasons). Sand appliqué kits, paper appliqués. You can offer your child children's scissors - at the age of three, children begin to cut out simple shapes, for safety reasons, let the games with scissors take place under your supervision.
Creative kits - pencils, crayons, plasticine, clay, lacing games, colored paper kits, stickers, watercolors. An easel is great for drawing. It is very convenient to use paper in rolls, it can be rolled out on the floor and create more space for creativity.
What toys to choose for a child at 3 years old
At this age, children prefer more complex and functional toys. Toys for motor development - balls, gymnastic sticks, pull-up toys, bicycles, swimming circles, skittles and others. For the development of design abilities - toys consisting of geometric shapes, toys that open and close, cubes, pyramids, Lego with large details, sand molds and others.
Toys for role-playing and story games - sets of a doctor, a fireman, a hairdresser, a builder, a teacher's shop, a set of children's dishes, toy vegetables, fruits, cars, houses, dolls, animals and others.
Despite the fact that the child is already big, try to give him time. Play and study with him. Praise for efforts more often and then his successes will not keep you waiting.
Get the projector...
Good to know
Modern cartoons on TV or DVD, this is certainly good. But it will be even better if you have old filmstrips and a projector. Children are very fond of watching such homemade cartoons on the wall or on a white sheet. There is a certain amount of mystery and mystery in this process. Moreover, the old Soviet cartoons are interesting and very kind. It is important for a child that mom or dad are nearby, who at this moment look like good wizards.
Outdoor games
An example of such games:Walk like geese or other animals.
Walk on all fours.
Work out on the Swedish wall or on the whole home sports complex - with rings, a trapezoid, crossbars, rope ladders, a rope.
Play volleyball with an inflatable or balloon.
Play bowling.
Walk with a soft toy or a book on your head.
Do I need to go to the clinic at 3 years old
At the age of three, the child undergoes an in-depth medical examination - clinical examination, especially if he goes to kindergarten.The three-year medical examination includes:
- Examination by a pediatrician, neurologist, ophthalmologist, ENT doctor, orthopedic surgeon, dermatologist, speech therapist, dentist, possibly a gynecologist.
- Laboratory examination - clinical analysis of blood, urine, coproscopy, examination of scrapings for enterobiasis (or feces for helminth eggs).
Child development indicators by 3 years
(key indicators of early childhood development)
We offer you to get acquainted with the main indicators of the development of the child. They will help interested parties (parents, educators, teachers) determine the degree of development of a particular baby and, if necessary, take appropriate corrective measures.
When compiling these indicators, we used our own scientific and methodological research by the author of the book, Elena Volosova, long-term observations of young children, as well as materials from the work "Diagnostics of the neuropsychic development of children in the first three years of life" (TsOLIU doctors, M., 1979) and Basic preschool child development program "Origins" (Center "Preschool Childhood" named after A. V. Zaporozhets, M., 1997).
cognitive development
Distinguishing items by features:
Names correctly four primary colors and some shades of colors.
Oriented in seven colors of the spectrum (knows black and white colors), finds according to the model, at the request of an adult.
He collects sequentially (puts the smaller one into the larger one) nesting dolls, bowls, molds, caps from four to six components (at the show, at the request of an adult, in an independent game).
Easily selects flat geometric shapes to the sample (circle, rectangle, triangle, trapezium, oval, square).
Clearly orientated in the configuration of three-dimensional geometric shapes (selects to the holes corresponding in shape). He names some of them: ball, cube, prism ("roof"), cylinder ("column"), brick, cone.
Identifies by touch (in the game) and names familiar geometric or other shapes.
Assembles a pyramid of eight to ten rings according to a pattern or pattern (in descending order of size, in size and color, in shape and size).
Finds and can name a large, small object, medium - between them.
Determines the object by texture (soft, hard).
Composes a picture from two parts (in class).
Selects a mosaic to a simple pattern.
Remembers and indicates the place where the toy removed by the adult stood (in a joint game).
Imitates the writing of an adult (imitates).
To the drawing of an adult, he can add the missing details (stem to a flower, leaf to a branch).
Draws circles, ovals, draws lines, depicts rectangular objects; paint over; mimics the pattern.
Draws on his own. Explains what he is drawing (sun, path, rain, etc.).
Rolls out lumps of clay, plasticine in the palms; connects the parts.
Sculpts simple shapes (ball, column, sausage, bagel).
Performs a simple application from ready-made forms.
Game actions (the beginning of a role-playing game):
Shows initiative in the game (creativity). Can "take a role" (calls herself in the game "mother", "doctor", etc.). Aware of their role in the game.
Fantasizes in the game (introduction of a fairy-tale character).
Plays calmly with other children using substitute items.
Imitates other children (in any games).
Follows the rules in outdoor games.
Builds a house, a fence, a car, a bridge, etc. from cubes (according to a model, according to a drawing, according to a voice instruction, according to a plan)
Uses various three-dimensional geometric shapes in building games and construction, plays with buildings with toys.
Socio-emotional development
Wants to be good, waiting for praise, approval, emotionally positive reinforcement from an adult.
Shows initiative and independence.
Experiences emotional satisfaction if he was able to accomplish something. Satisfied when praised.
Shows a sense of pride for himself ("I run best of all"), for parents ("dad is the strongest", "mother is the most beautiful").
Curious, curious.
Long-term memory is based on previous emotional experiences, memories from the last year may arise.
Shows emotional restraint: does not scream in public places, calmly crosses the street with an adult, does not run along the sidewalk, calmly listens to the request of an adult and fulfills it, stops crying with a reasonable prohibition.
Disobedient, emotionally tense with restriction of movements, with a lack of understanding by adults of his requests and desires. Can be assertive in their demands.
Worries if scolded. Long can be offended by the punishment.
Experiencing a feeling of chagrin, shame. He understands that he did something bad (did not have time to go to the toilet, spilled water); expects a negative assessment from an adult.
He understands when someone else is doing something wrong. Gives an emotionally negative assessment ("It is impossible: to offend, break, tear, take away, fight").
Can be jealous, offended, intercede, angry, cunning, mischievous.
Owns non-verbal ways of emotional communication. He expresses his feelings with his eyes, facial expressions, tone, gestures, expressive movements, postures.
Emotionally expresses imaginary situations (in the game).
Speech saturates with emotionally expressive shades (often by imitation).
He designates his emotional states with a word: I laugh, I'm afraid, I'm cold.
There may be fears, fear of the dark.
Begins to understand humor (laughs, perplexed).
Emotionally empathizes with the characters when listening to fairy tales, watching children's performances, cartoons (he is happy, sad, angry, winces from "pain", etc.).
Emotionally responsive (experiences pleasure) to music, singing, artistic word. Sings along, dances (transmits the rhythm). Responds to changes in music - moves differently (circling, crouching, waving, clapping, stomping).
Emotionally reacts differently to familiar and unfamiliar musical or artistic works, when looking at illustrations.
Prefers cheerful music and songs, bright drawings.
Shows interest in drawing and modeling.
Experiencing emotional satisfaction from outdoor games.
Emotionally reacts differently to beautiful, ugly (notices, distinguishes, evaluates).
Emotionally anticipates the result of some actions (own or other people).
Gets upset when he can't do something.
He rejoices in his skillful actions when he succeeds.
Friendly, emotionally open, trusting to people. He is interested in their actions (cases), answers if they ask about something.
Remembers kind and harsh people (emotionally responsive and emotionally restrained).
Shows shyness with characteristic facial expressions, especially when a stranger addresses him.
Understands the state of others based on their emotional experience.
Emotionally evaluates the situation: empathizes (if someone is hurt), helps (if you need help), sympathizes, behaves quietly (if someone is sleeping, tired).
He notices grief, discontent, joy of adults or children.
Imitates facial expressions, voice intonations, emotional and expressive movements of close adults.
Imitates the emotional behavior of peers (can copy more noisy, noisy).
Kindly treats children: does not grab toys, does not take without asking, shares his toys.
Enjoys socializing with peers. There is an interest in joint games.
Expresses sympathy for some children.
Wary of unfamiliar animals, individuals, new situations.
Speech development (up to 1500 spoken words)
Pronounces complex sentences when communicating. Uses words to express desires, feelings, impressions.
Speaks in simple, grammatical sentences.
His actions are often accompanied by speech. Begins to use subordinate clauses (not always).
Words change by numbers and cases. Asks cognitive questions: "Where?", "Where?", "Why?", "When?" and others. Easily repeats unfamiliar words and phrases after adults. Quickly learns poems, songs, excerpts from fairy tales. He pronounces many sounds correctly (vowels and simple consonants).
Word creation and a tendency to rhyme appear. Enters into speech dialogues with children and adults. Answers the questions of an adult according to the plot picture. Names some animals (their cubs), household items, clothes, utensils, equipment, plants and more from the picture.
Tells a familiar story in a connected way. It conveys in words, gesture, intonation the content of a fairy tale, nursery rhyme, song, poem. He speaks about a book, an event (after questions and from memory).
Can prove, think out a sentence said by an adult.
Quickly answers the question: "What is your name?". Knows his last name.
Answers the question: "How old are you?". Shows on fingers.
Distinguishes and names people by belonging to a certain gender, by age (boy, uncle, grandfather, girl, aunt, grandmother).
Knows his gender: boy or girl; calls after a question from an adult.
Knows the names of body parts (head, neck, back, chest, abdomen, arms, legs, fingers).
Knows the purpose of body parts (answers questions): "eyes look", "ears listen", "legs walk").
Knows the names of the same parts of the body in humans and animals: "eyes - for everyone, legs - for a person, paws - for an animal, hands - for a person, wings - for a bird."
In the game, he calls himself some kind of character. Answers the question of an adult: "Who are you in the game?".
When playing, he accompanies his actions with words.
Uses role-playing speech in the game. Speaks for himself and for the doll.
He recognizes and names the whole image by detail (by the trunk - an elephant, by the trousers - a boy).
Has an idea about the number, shows and says: "one, two, three, many, few."
Anticipates the result (thinking possibilities). Uses means to achieve a goal.
Able to observe for a long time, focus attention, get involved in their activities.
Begins to distinguish between right and left sides (may be mistaken).
Generalizes objects according to their properties (who (what) flies? who (what) swims?).
Moves from calling himself in the third person to the pronoun "I".
Shows a special interest in the conversations of adults among themselves.
He listens for a long time to a fairy tale read or told by adults or recorded on audio cassettes.
household skills
She dresses on her own with a little help from an adult.
Undresses independently; folds her clothes before going to bed.
Fastens several buttons.
Tie (tie) shoelaces.
Knows the purpose of many objects, their location and purpose.
Performs assignments of two or three actions (take, put, bring).
Can wash hands with soap, wash, dry with a towel.
Notices the mess in his clothes.
Uses a handkerchief.
He wipes his feet at the entrance to the apartment.
Regulates its physiological needs.
Eats carefully.
Holds a spoon by the end of the handle.
Uses a napkin.
Does not leave the table until the end of the meal.
Doesn't interfere with others at the table.
Says "thank you", says hello, says goodbye.
Physical development
Performs by showing, by verbal instruction, independently:
Performs two actions at the same time: stomping and clapping. Swinging on swings. Rides on sleds. Riding a tricycle. Learns to ski.
Not afraid to swim, supported by an adult. Easily steps over obstacles on the floor (blocks) in alternating steps. Passes quickly on an inclined board. Jumps over a line on the floor. Long jump from a place on two legs. Jumps from a small height. Runs, jumps. Throws and catches the ball. Imitates the movements of peers: runs, jumps, throws, crawls, spins.