What are the parts of the gun called? Purpose and combat properties of the PM pistol. 62 mm rifle cartridges for PKT machine gun
In 1948, the Soviet gunsmith N.F. Makarov developed the design of a pistol, which today is known to everyone as the PM. From 1951 to this day, this model of pistol has been used by members of the Russian armed forces and law enforcement as a personal weapon for defense and attack.
The main purpose of the PM is to defeat the enemy at a short distance. Reliability of this weapon is ensured due to the uninterrupted operation of all elements of its automation. The article contains information about what main parts the Makarov pistol consists of.
Beginning of work
In 1947, senior command staff Soviet army needed a new compact pistol. TT was already outdated by that time. It was necessary to create a new weapon - a “peacetime” pistol. In 1948, a competition was held at which Soviet weapons designers presented their developments.
Winner
According to the terms of the competition, the weapon must be equipped with a blowback bolt and a self-cocking firing mechanism. The already proven German Walther PP was taken as a basis. It was planned to create two samples of a pistol using 7, 65 and 9 mm caliber ammunition. After testing the cartridges, gunsmiths noted that compared to 7, 65, 9 mm it is more powerful. It was decided to focus our attention on this caliber. The end result of such work was the performance characteristics and the main parts of this weapon allow it to be used effectively during close combat.
How does automation work?
The Makarov pistol is a self-loading weapon. The PM is easy to use, and the automatic pistol allows the owner to keep the weapon always ready for action. The automatic reloading process is carried out by such main parts of the Makarov pistol as the bolt and firing mechanism. For this purpose, the recoil principle of a bolt not engaged with the barrel is used. During a shot, the barrel channel is locked due to the large mass of the bolt and the force return spring. To fire, you do not need to pre-cock the hammer. Just pull the trigger.
Main parts and mechanisms of the Makarov pistol
The weapon is equipped with the following elements:
- Receiver and trigger guard.
- A bolt containing a firing pin, an ejector and a fuse.
- Return spring.
- Trigger mechanism.
- With a handle.
- Shutter delay.
- Pistol shop.
These components represent the 7 main parts of the Makarov pistol.
Functions
The main parts of the Makarov pistol perform the following tasks:
- The barrel directs the flight of the bullet. Trigger guard protects the trigger from accidental pressing.
- The bolt feeds ammunition from the magazine into the chamber, locks the barrel channel during firing, holds the cartridge case in the bolt cup with the help of an ejector, and sets the hammer to cock. With the help of the striker, the ammunition capsule is broken. The safety ensures the shooter's safety while operating the pistol.
- The return spring, after firing, sets the bolt in its original position.
- The trigger is equipped with a trigger, a sear with a spring, a trigger, a cocking lever with a trigger rod, a mainspring and a bolt to it. These main parts of the Makarov pistol provide quick firing immediately after pressing the trigger. There is no longer any need to pre-cock the hammer for this.
- allows you to hold the bolt in the rear position when the magazine is empty.
- The handle with a screw provides a comfortable grip for the shooter on the Makarov pistol.
- The pistol's magazine holds eight rounds of ammunition.
PM Store
This element has four elements:
- The magazine body, which is used to connect all its parts.
- A feeder that feeds ammunition into the chamber.
- A spring that pushes the feeder with cartridges upward.
- A magazine cover designed to close the case.
The photo below shows the main parts of the Makarov pistol.
How is security ensured?
The left side of the bolt is equipped with a special fuse. With the help of automation and a mainspring, the trigger is set on the safety cock when lowering. It is influenced by the curved (bounce) end of the spring feather: it turns the trigger at a slight angle from the bolt. Thus, the spring performs the function of “releasing” the trigger. The sear with its nose is located in front of the safety cocking of the trigger. When the trigger is released, the mainspring feather acts on the trigger rod, and the cocking lever and sear are lowered to the lower position. Thus, the sear, pressing against the trigger, sets it on the safety cock.
How does the shot happen?
The process is carried out in several stages:
- The mechanics begin to work when you press the trigger.
- The trigger interacts with the firing pin, causing it to break the cartridge capsule.
- Ignition of a powder charge. The resulting powder gases eject the bullet from the barrel channel.
- Powder gases through the bottom of the cartridge case act on the bolt, which, moving back, compresses the return spring. Using the ejector, the bolt holds the cartridge case. Having reached the reflector, it is extracted through the shutter window.
- In the extreme position, the shutter rotates the trigger mounted on the trunnions until it is cocked.
- In the most extreme position, the bolt is acted upon by a return spring, which pushes it back forward.
- Moving forward, the bolt, with the help of a rammer, directs the next ammunition from the pistol magazine into the chamber.
- The bolt, “freed” from the cartridge, locks the barrel channel. After this, the weapon is ready to fire again.
Shots from a Makarov pistol are fired until all the cartridges in the magazine are used up. After this, the shutter is set to the shutter stop in the rear position.
Performance characteristics
- The Makarov pistol is designed to fire 9 mm caliber cartridges.
- The weapon weighs 0.73 grams.
- Length 161 mm.
- The PM barrel has a length of 93 mm.
- The fired bullet is capable of developing an initial speed of up to 315 m/s.
- The PM has a rate of fire of 30 rounds per minute.
- The pistol is designed for single shooting mode.
- The effective firing range does not exceed 50 m.
- The lethality of the bullet is 350 m.
- The PM magazine is designed for 8 rounds of ammunition.
Small size, reliability, ease of operation and maintenance - characteristics Makarov pistol. Of the wide variety of models belonging to the class of compact weapons for self-defense, the PM pistol is recognized as one of the best. Today it is used by officers of the armed forces and employees of law enforcement agencies.
1. Frame with barrel and trigger guard
Trunk- serves to direct the flight of the bullet. The inside of the barrel has a channel with 4 grooves, winding from left to top to right. Rifling - used to communicate with the bullet rotational movement. The spaces between the cuts are called margins. The distance between two opposite fields in diameter is called caliber , it is equal to 9 mm.
From the breech, the bore is smooth and of larger diameter; - it serves to place the cartridge and is called - chamber.
The barrel is connected to the frame with a press fit and secured with a pin.
Frame - serves to connect all parts of the gun. The frame with the base of the handle is one piece.
The base of the handle is used to attach the handle, the mainspring and to house the magazine.
Trigger guard - serves to protect the tail of the trigger from accidentally pressing it. It has a ridge (tide) at the front end to limit the shutter stroke when moving backwards.
- 2. Shutter - serves for:
- a) feeding a cartridge from the magazine into the chamber;
- b) locking the barrel when firing:
- c) holding the cartridge case, removing the cartridge;
- d) cocking the trigger.
Rice. 26.
a - left side; b - bottom view; 1 - front sight; 2 - rear sight; 3- window for ejecting the cartridge case; 4- fuse socket; 5 -- notch; 6 -- channel for placing a barrel with a return spring; 7 -- longitudinal projections to guide the movement of the shutter along the frame; c -- tooth for setting the bolt to the bolt stop; 9 -- groove for reflector; 10 -- groove for the release protrusion of the cocking lever; 11 -- recess for disconnecting the sear from the cocking lever; 12 -- sender: 13 -- protrusion for separating the cocking lever from the sear; 14—a recess for placing the release protrusion of the cocking lever; 15 -- groove for the trigger; 16 -- comb
On the outside the shutter has: front sight for aiming; transverse groove for rear sight; a notch between the front sight and the rear sight to prevent the surface of the bolt from reflecting when aiming; on the right side there is a window for ejecting the cartridge case; ejector groove; on the left side there is a fuse socket.
Serves to break the capsule. It has: in the front part there is a firing pin, in the rear part there is a cut for the fuse, which holds the firing pin in the bolt channel. The striker is made triangular in order to reduce weight and reduce friction surfaces.
Rice. 27
1 - striker; 2 -- cut for fuse
Ejector - serves to hold the cartridge case (cartridge) in the bolt cup until it meets the reflector.
Consists of: - hook, heel for connecting to the bolt;
- - oppression;
- - ejector spring.
Fuse - serves to ensure safe handling of the pistol.
The rear sight together with the front sight serves for aiming. With its base it is inserted into the transverse groove of the shutter.
- 3. Return spring- serves to return the bolt to the forward position after firing. One turn has a smaller diameter. With this coil, the spring is put on the barrel during assembly to ensure that it is securely held on the barrel when disassembling the pistol.
- 4. The trigger mechanism consists of: a trigger, a sear with a spring, a trigger rod with a cocking lever, a trigger, a mainspring with a bolt.
Rice. 31
- 1 -- trigger; 2 - sear with a spring; 3 -- trigger rod with cocking lever;
- 4 -- mainspring; 5 -- trigger; 6 -- mainspring valve
Trigger - serves to strike the striker.
sear - serves to hold the trigger on the combat and safety cock.
The free end of the spring is bent in the form of a hook for connection with the bolt stop. The sear spring presses the nose to the trigger.
Trigger rod with cocking lever - serves to release the hammer from cocking and cocking the hammer when pressing the tail of the trigger.
Trigger - serves for releasing the hammer from combat cocking and cocking the hammer when firing by self-cocking.
Action spring - serves to activate the trigger, cocking lever and trigger rod. It has: a wide feather for operating the trigger; a narrow feather for acting on the cocking lever and trigger rod; in the middle part there is a hole for putting the spring on the boss with a threaded hole handle base. The lower end of the mainspring is the magazine latch. The mainspring is secured to the base of the handle with a bolt.
- 5. A handle with a screw covers the side windows and the rear wall of the base of the handle and serves to make it easier to hold the pistol in your hand.
- 6. Shutter lag- holds the bolt in the rear position after all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up. It has: in the front part - a protrusion for holding the shutter in the rear position; a knurled button to release the shutter by pressing your hand; in the rear part there is a hole for connecting to the left sear pin; in the upper part there is a reflector for reflecting cartridge cases (cartridges) outward through the window in the bolt.
- 7. Magazine - serves to store 8 rounds.
Rice. 39
1—store building; 2- feeder; 3 -- feeder spring; 4-- magazine cover
It consists of a body, a feeder, a feeder spring and a cover.
Frame The store connects all parts of the store.
Serves for supplying cartridges. It has two bent ends that direct its movement in the magazine body. On one of the bent ends of the feeder on the left side there is a tooth for turning on the bolt delay after all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up.
Rice. 41
1- bent ends; 2 -- tooth
Feeder spring serves to feed upward the feeder with cartridges when firing.
Rice. 3. Trigger:
1 - axles; 2 – hole; 3 – tail.
4.3. The trigger is used to strike the firing pin.
(a - left side, b - right side).
Rice. 4. Trigger
1 - head with a notch; 2 - cutout; 3 - recess; 4 - safety platoon; 5 - combat platoon; 6 - trunnions; 7 - self-cocking tooth; 8 - protrusion; 9 - recess; 10 - annular recess.
4.4. Sear with spring serves to hold the trigger on the combat and safety cock.
4.5. Trigger rod with cocking lever serves to release the hammer from cocking and cocking the hammer when pressing the tail of the trigger when firing by self-cocking.
Rice. 7. Mainspring:
1 - wide feather; 2 - narrow feather; 3 - bumper end;
4 - hole; 5 - latch.
4.7. Mainspring bolt serves to attach the mainspring to the base of the handle.
Fig.8 Fig.9 Fig.10
Fig.8. Shop:
1- store building; 2 - feeder;
3 – feeder spring; 4 - magazine cover.
Fig.9. Feeder: Fig.10. Store body:
1- bent ends; 2 – tooth. 1- window; 2 - curved rib;
3 - protrusion; 4 - cutout; 5 – gutter.
4.9. Bolt with safety, firing pin and ejector serves to feed a cartridge from the magazine into the chamber, lock the barrel when firing, hold the cartridge case (remove the cartridge) and cock the hammer.
 |
|||
 |
Rice. 11. Bolt with safety, firing pin and ejector:
1 - front sight; 2 - rear sight; 3 - notch;
4 - tooth for setting the bolt to the bolt stop; 5 - groove for reflector;
6 - longitudinal projections to guide the movement of the shutter along the frame; 7 - comb;
8 - fuse socket; 9 - groove for the trigger;
10 - recess for placing the release protrusion of the cocking lever;
11 - protrusion for separating the cocking lever from the sear;
12 - groove for the release protrusion of the cocking lever;
13 - recess for disconnecting the sear from the cocking lever; 14 - rammer;
15 - window for ejecting the cartridge case;
16 - channel for placing a barrel with a return spring.
4.10. Drummer serves to break the capsule.
Rice. 13. Ejector:
1 - hook; 2 - heel for connection with the shutter;
3 - oppression; 4 - ejector spring.
4.12. Fuse serves to ensure safe handling of the pistol.
4.13. Return spring serves to return the bolt to the forward position after firing.
Rice. 17. Shutter stop:
1 - protrusion; 2 - button with a notch; 3 - hole; 4 - reflector
4.16. Frame with barrel and trigger guard with Tinned to connect all parts of the gun.
Rice. 18. Frame with barrel and trigger guard:  1 - stand for attaching the barrel; 2 - cutout for the bolt stop; 3 - trunnion sockets for the trigger and sear trunnions; 4 - grooves for directing the movement of the shutter; 5 - window for mainspring feathers; 6 - boss with a threaded hole for fastening the handle with a screw and the mainspring with a bolt; 7 - base of the handle; 8 - side windows; 9 - window for placing the trigger; 10 - ridge to limit rearward movement of the bolt; 11 - barrel; 12 - curved groove for placement and movement of the front axle of the trigger rod; 13 - trigger guard (to protect against accidental pressing of the tail of the trigger); 14 - boss with a socket for attaching the trigger guard; 15 - cutout for magazine latch; 16 - window for exiting the upper part of the store. |
4.17. Trunk serves to direct the flight of the bullet. The inside of the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to impart rotational movement to the bullet.
This article is a review about the modernized Makarov pistol, PMM, melee weapon. We decided to analyze in detail its tactical and technical characteristics (performance characteristics), review this weapon according to its drawings and data, and also understand how the performance characteristics of the PM differ from the performance characteristics of the PMM.
Why was the Makarov Pistol modernized?
The modernized Makarov pistol, or PMM, is a nine-millimeter Makarov pistol, Russian-made, the drawings of which were developed and then designed by Shigapov and Pletsky back in the early nineties of the twentieth century as part of the R&D theme “Rook” and produced by the Izhevsk plant. This pistol took part in the competition for a new army pistol with the designation “Rook-3”. If the PM was initially created due to the need of the Soviet army for a compact, convenient and safe pistol for self-defense for officers, and in the same fifty-first year they developed the Stechkin pistol, APS, which was already used for self-defense of privates and tank crews. It was the PM that until the nineties was the main self-defense weapon for the military and the main weapon of the police. It had to exceed the characteristics of the TT Pistol, the Tokarev pistol. And the PMM firearms began to be produced already in ninety-four. You need to understand that by the end of the eighties, most armies different countries personal armor protection was widely introduced. In addition, active terrorist organizations created the need to develop firearms with efficient shooting that uses powerful cartridges larger caliber with great stopping and penetrating effect, high fire power. All these characteristics put the cartridge on par with the 9X19 Luger caliber cartridge. At the same time, the basic PM solutions were retained, which have proven themselves more than once over 40 years of successful use.
What does PMM look like?
In fact, the firearm PMM is very similar to the PM, and that, in turn, was similar in design to the drawings German Walter twenty-seventh year. The pistol is made almost entirely of steel, the return spring fits the barrel, the safety is located on the bolt, blocking the firing pin when turned on, it decocks the hammer safely, and locks the sear and bolts. After the safety is turned off, the shot is fired by self-cocking and the hammer is first cocked manually. The fixation latch is located in the lower part of the handle, behind the magazine window, the cheeks on the handle are plastic, they are brown or black, have fine corrugation, in addition, the PMM has a shelf for the thumb.
The difference between PMM and PM
The drawing of the modernized Makarov pistol differs from the PM sample of the fifty-first year by a magazine increased to twelve rounds. The sight of the new PM is not adjustable, and the shutter stop button has become much more convenient. The design of the pistol itself remained unchanged. Therefore, seventy percent of PMM parts are interchangeable with PM. The PMM has a reinforced frame and increased bolt weight. The maximum possible pressure in the channel near the pistol barrel with the new cartridge increased by as much as fifteen percent, which was the reason for the increase in recoil.
PMM modifications
- PMM-8 is a type of PMM, designed for a 9X18 mm caliber cartridge, with a magazine for eight rounds, a combat pistol.
- PMM-12 is a type of PMM, designed for a 9X18 mm caliber cartridge, with a magazine of twelve rounds.
- IZH-70-100 or IZH-70-17A - sporting pistol, model ninety fourth year, designed for a 9X18 mm cartridge.
- IZH-71-100, which has been produced since September two thousand eight under the name MP-71N, is a service modification designed for the 9X17mm cartridge and has a magazine with a capacity of 10 rounds, a combat pistol.
- Baikal 442 is an export modification of the PM, designed for the 9X18 mm cartridge, a sports pistol.
- MR-654 K – air gun based on PMM. The 654 K is essentially an exact copy of the Makarov, and the 654 K is assembled from parts of a combat PM, all its parts are movable, and the functionality is active, you can shoot both self-cocking and using a pre-cocked hammer. The 654 K is produced in Russia, on Lake Baikal, it is a gas-cylinder pneumatic pistol with a bullet speed of 125 meters per second, shoots 654 K spherical steel balls, 4.5 caliber, weighs 654 K, almost like its prototype, 730 grams, in addition, it has the same length.
- M-59 is a Chinese-made Makarov pistol from the Norniko film.
- MP-371 is a signal and noise pistol, a copy of the PM, only instead of live cartridges, the MP 371 fires using special cartridges with capsules inserted into them. These capsules in the MP 371 device are very similar to live ammunition, there are 8 of them in the clip and they are made of metal or plastic. The main difference between the cartridges in the MP 371 is that metal cartridges make the pistol shoot in semi-automatic mode, while plastic cartridges are disposable and after each shot the pistol must be cocked with your own hands. The MP 371 pistol is also produced at the Izhevsk plant, does not require permits and is not a weapon. Its weight is almost the same as its PMM prototype.
Technical data on the modified Makarov pistol
- PMM caliber – 9 X 18.
- The weight of the unloaded weapon is 760 grams.
- The length of the pistol is 167 millimeters.
- The height of the pistol is 127 millimeters.
- The width of the pistol is 34 millimeters.
- Barrel length 93.5 millimeters.
- The operating principle of the PMM is a semi-free recoil bolt with grooves in the chamber.
- The speed of bullets with the PMM cartridge is 430 meters per second.
- The speed of bullets with the PM cartridge is 315 meters per second.
- Rate of fire 30 v/m.
- There are four right-hand riflings.
- The cutting pitch is two hundred and sixty millimeters.
- PM sighting range is 50 meters.
- Magazine capacity is twelve rounds.
New cartridges for PMM
In addition, the weapon was created to use the new 9X18 PMM cartridge with a steel core, which has a conical head. Moreover, the bullet has an initial speed of about 420 meters per second, and the bullet energy is 494 Joules. In addition, the bullet's penetration and speed have increased significantly. Armor-piercing bullets PMM's 9X18 cartridges weigh 3.55 grams. Such a bullet is capable of penetrating a Kevlar armor plate with a steel plate 2.4 millimeters thick from ten meters. The reinforced version of this cartridge has a bullet that is even lighter in mass, but with an enhanced powder charge, greater destructive power and a speed of 430 meters per second. This cartridge is close in power and action to the Parabellum 9X19 cartridge.
Cartridges with expansive bullets with greater stopping power were also created. The device also uses standard 9X18 cartridges. The pistol has a two-row magazine, which turns into a single-row magazine at the top and includes twelve rounds of ammunition, which increased the pistol’s firepower and its lethal force. The chamber design was also changed due to the fact that a high impulse cartridge was used. There are three helical grooves on the inner surface, which greatly increase resistance through friction when the liner moves backward due to its expansion, but does not lead to rupture. This provides inhibition of shutter rollback and reduces recoil. The pistol has ergonomic grip cheeks with side projections. The frame and bolt have been strengthened, the PM's safety margin has increased, the weapon has increased in size and weight, but its combat qualities have increased.
Purpose of PMM
The PMM pistol did not replace the conventional combat PM in the army and police due to the creation of an improved PY in the Rook competition. And the use of such powerful combat cartridges as 57-N-181-SM in ordinary PM often leads to damage to the pistol. Due to the widespread use of ammunition in the Armed Forces and in law enforcement agencies, there was a risk that ordinary Makarov pistols would be loaded with these bullets that were not designed for them and cause injury to shooters or damage to the pistols. In addition, the PMM has stronger recoil, it bounces significantly when fired, and this makes accurate high-speed shooting difficult. Now PMM is used in the FSO and in several departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Russian Federation, is a PMM in service with the FSB, in the private security of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in the FSSP. In addition, the PMM is used as a reward weapon.
Disadvantages of PMM
In the device’s magazines, the spring operates with some overtension and for this reason quickly loses its elasticity and leads to firing delays. In addition, the feeder is made of low-quality plastic, so cracks form, the feeder wears out and a tooth breaks.
Disassembling the PMM
Disassembling a pistol can be complete or incomplete. Partial disassembly is carried out in order to clean it, lubricate it, and inspect it for faults. But complete disassembly is carried out in cases where the gun needs thorough cleaning because it is too dirty, has been in the rain, in the snow, if the owner is going to switch to a new lubricant or the gun needs repair. Complete disassembly of the PMM cannot be done frequently, as this process can accelerate the wear of the mechanisms and parts of the gun. It is worth remembering several rules for disassembling and assembling PM and PMM6:
- You need to disassemble the device on a table or bench, and if you are in the field, then on a clean mat.
- Mechanisms and parts are placed in the order of disassembly; they must be handled carefully, avoiding unnecessary or too sudden movements.
- After complete disassembly for lubrication or repair, it is worthwhile to thoroughly clean the weapon so as not to disassemble it again in this way after some time, but for cleaning, because complete disassembly is not useful for your weapon.
- Be sure to pay attention to the numbering of parts so as not to confuse them with other parts.
- First, the magazine is removed, while holding the pistol by the handle, using the right lever, at this time thumb With the left hand, he pulls the magazine latch all the way back, pulling the protruding part of the magazine cover with his index finger, removing it from the base.
- It is imperative to check the chamber for the presence of a cartridge.
"I affirm"
Head of the OVO at the Medvezhyegorsk District Department of Internal Affairs
Police Major Danilov Yu.P.
PLAN-OUTLINE
commander of the SPM OVO at the Medvezhyegorsk District Department of Internal Affairs for fire training with the junior command staff of the department.
Subject: Material part, purpose, combat properties 9mm PM pistol.
Target: Explore with personnel purpose, performance characteristics of the 9mm PM pistol.
Time: 14 00 - 16 00
Location :
Study questions:
1. Purpose and combat properties of the PM pistol.
2. General device and the operation of parts and mechanisms.
3. Disassembly, assembly, cleaning and lubrication of the gun.
4. Purpose and structure of parts and mechanisms of the pistol, cartridges and accessories.
5. Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms.
6. Performance characteristics of the 9-mm PM pistol.
Educational literature:
Ministry of Defense of the USSR “MANUAL FOR SHOOTING 9-mm Makarov pistol (PM)”
PROGRESS OF THE CLASS
1. Study question.
The 9-mm Makarov pistol (PM) is a personal weapon of attack and defense and is designed to defeat the enemy at short distances.
Fire from a pistol is most effective at distances of up to 50 m. The destructive power of a bullet is maintained up to 350 m. Fire from a pistol is carried out in single shots.
The pistol's combat rate of fire is 30 rounds per minute.
The weight of the pistol with a loaded magazine is 810 g. 9 mm pistol cartridges are used for firing the pistol. starting speed bullet flight 315 m/sec.
When firing, cartridges are fed into the chamber from a magazine with a capacity of 8 rounds.
2. Study question. General structure and operation of pistol parts
The pistol is a self-loading weapon, since it is reloaded automatically during shooting. The operation of the automatic pistol is based on the principle of using the recoil of a free shutter. The bolt and barrel have no clutch.
The reliability of locking the barrel bore when fired is achieved by the large mass of the bolt and the force of the return spring. Thanks to the presence of a hammer-type self-cocking trigger mechanism in the pistol, you can quickly open fire by directly pressing the tail of the trigger without first cocking the hammer.
Safe handling of the pistol is ensured by reliably operating fuses. The pistol has a safety located on the left side of the slide. In addition, the trigger is automatically cocked under the action of the mainspring after the trigger is released (“release” of the trigger) and when the trigger is released.
The trigger, under the action of the curved (bounce) end of the wide feather of the mainspring, is turned at a certain angle from the bolt (this is the “blowback” of the trigger) so that the nose of the sear is in front of the safety cocking of the hammer.
After the trigger is released, the trigger rod, under the action of the narrow feather of the mainspring, will move to the rear extreme position. The cocking lever and the sear will go down, the sear, under the action of its spring, will press against the trigger and the trigger will automatically engage the safety cock.
The pistol consists of 7 main parts and mechanisms:
1. frame with barrel and trigger guard;
2. bolt with firing pin, ejector and safety;
3. return spring;
4. trigger mechanism;
5. handle with screw;
6. shutter stop;
7. shop.
Each pistol comes with an accessory:
Spare store,
Rubbing,
Pistol strap.
To fire a shot, you must press the trigger with your index finger. At the same time, the trigger strikes the firing pin, which breaks the cartridge primer. As a result, it ignites powder charge and is formed a large number of powder gases. The bullet is ejected from the barrel by the pressure of the powder gases. The bolt, under the pressure of gases transmitted through the bottom of the sleeve, moves back, holding the sleeve with the ejector and compressing the return spring. When the cartridge meets the reflector, it is thrown out through the shutter window.
When the bolt moves to the rearmost position, it turns the trigger on the trunnions back and puts it in cocking position. Having moved back all the way, the bolt returns forward under the action of the return spring. When moving forward, the bolt rammer pushes the next cartridge out of the magazine and sends it into the chamber. The bore is locked with a blowback bolt; the gun is ready to fire again.
To fire the next shot, you need to release the trigger and then press it again. So the shooting will continue until the cartridges in the magazine are completely used up.
Once all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up, the bolt locks into the slide stop and remains in the rear position.
3. Study question. Disassembling, assembling, cleaning and lubricating the gun.
Disassembling and assembling the pistol.
Disassembly of the pistol can be incomplete or complete. Partial disassembly is carried out for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the gun, complete - for cleaning when the gun is heavily soiled, after it has been exposed to rain or snow, when switching to a new lubricant, as well as during repairs.
Frequent complete disassembly of the pistol is not allowed, as it accelerates the wear of parts and mechanisms.
When disassembling and assembling the pistol, the following rules must be observed:
Disassembly and assembly should be carried out on a table or bench, and in the field - on a clean mat;
Place parts and mechanisms in the order of disassembly, handle them carefully, avoid unnecessary force and sharp impacts;
When assembling, pay attention to the numbering of parts so as not to confuse them with parts of other pistols.
Partial disassembly of the pistol:
Remove the magazine from the base of the handle,
Separate the shutter from the frame,
Remove the return spring from the barrel.
Reassembling the pistol after partial disassembly done in reverse order.
Place the return spring on the barrel,
Attach the shutter to the frame,
Insert the magazine into the base of the handle.
Check that the gun is assembled correctly after partial disassembly. Turn off the fuse (move the flag down). Move the bolt to the rear position and lower it. The shutter, having moved slightly forward, engages the slide stop and remains in the rear position. Pressing with your thumb right hand release the shutter for the shutter stop. The bolt, under the action of the return spring, must vigorously return to the forward position, and the trigger must be cocked. Turn on the fuse (raise the flag up). The trigger must be released from cocking and locked.
Complete disassembly of the pistol:
Produce incomplete disassembly pistol,
Separate the sear and bolt stop from the frame,
Separate the handle from the base of the handle and the mainspring from the frame,
Separate the trigger from the frame,
Separate the trigger rod with the cocking lever from the frame,
Separate the trigger from the frame,
Separate the safety and firing pin from the bolt,
Separate the ejector from the bolt,
Disassemble the store.
Reassemble the pistol after complete disassembly in the reverse order.
Cleaning and lubricating the gun.
The pistol must be kept clean and in good working order at all times. This is achieved by timely and proper cleaning and lubrication, careful handling of the gun and proper storage of it.
The gun is cleaned:
In a combat situation, during maneuvers and long-term exercises in the field - daily during a lull in the battle or in breaks between classes;
After exercises, orders and training in the field without shooting - immediately after the end of the exercises, orders or classes;
After shooting, immediately after shooting it is necessary to clean and lubricate the barrel bore and chamber; Perform final cleaning of the pistol upon returning from shooting; in the next 3-4 days, clean the gun daily;
If the gun is not in use, at least once every 7 days.
Apply lubricant only to a well-cleaned and dry metal surface immediately after cleaning to prevent moisture from affecting the metal.
To clean and lubricate the gun, use:
Liquid gun lubricant - for cleaning the gun and lubricating its parts and mechanisms at air temperatures from +5 to -50 0 C;
Gun lubricant - for lubricating the bore, parts and mechanisms of the gun after cleaning them; this lubricant is used at air temperatures from +5 0 C and above;
RFC solution (barrel cleaning solution) - for cleaning the bores and other parts of the pistol exposed to powder gases;
KV-22 rags or paper for wiping, cleaning and lubricating the gun;
Tow (short flax fiber), cleared of kernels, is used only for cleaning the bore.
To make it easier to clean grooves, cutouts and holes, you can use wooden sticks.
4. Study question. Purpose and design of parts and mechanisms of a pistol, cartridges and accessories.
Frame with barrel and trigger guard.
Trunk serves to direct the flight of the bullet. The inside of the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to impart rotational movement to the bullet. The spaces between the cuts are called margins. The distance between two opposite fields (in diameter) determines the caliber of the bore; it is equal to 9 mm. The breech bore is smooth and large diameter; it serves to house the cartridge and is called the chamber. The chamber has a ledge.
On the breech of the barrel there is a boss for attaching the barrel to the frame post and a hole for the barrel pin. There is a bevel on the boss and at the bottom of the chamber to guide the cartridge from the magazine into the chamber.
The outer surface of the trunk is smooth. A return spring is placed on the barrel.
The barrel is connected to the frame with a press fit and secured with a pin.
Frame serves to connect all parts of the gun. The frame with the base of the handle is one piece.
Handle base serves for fastening the handle, mainspring and for storing the magazine.
Trigger guard serves to protect the tail of the trigger from accidentally pressing it. It has a ridge (tide) at the front end to limit the shutter stroke when moving backwards.
Gate serves to feed a cartridge from the magazine into the chamber, locking the bore when firing, holding the cartridge case (removing the cartridge) and cocking the hammer.
Drummer serves to break the capsule. It has: in the front part there is a firing pin, in the rear part there is a cut for the fuse, which holds the firing pin in the bolt channel.
Ejector serves to hold the cartridge case in the bolt cup until it meets the reflector.
Fuse serves to ensure safe handling of the pistol.
Rear sight together with the front sight serves for aiming.
Return spring serves to return the bolt to the forward position after firing.
Trigger mechanism consists of:
from a trigger, a sear with a spring, a trigger rod with a cocking lever, a trigger, a mainspring and a mainspring slide.
Trigger serves to strike the striker.
sear serves to hold the trigger on the combat and safety cock.
Trigger rod with cocking lever serves to release the hammer from cocking and cocking the hammer when pressing the tail of the trigger.
Trigger serves to release the hammer from combat cocking and cocking the hammer when firing by self-cocking.
Action spring serves to actuate the hammer, cocking lever and trigger rod.
Handle with screw covers the side windows and the rear wall of the base of the handle and serves to make it easier to hold the pistol in your hand.
Shutter lag holds the bolt in the rear position after all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up.
Shop serves to accommodate eight cartridges.
5. Study question Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms.
To fire a shot, you must turn off the safety, cock the hammer and press the tail of the trigger with your finger.
When you press the tail of the trigger with your finger, the trigger rod moves forward, and the cocking lever, connected to the rear end of the trigger rod, rotates on the rear trunnion of the trigger rod and rises until its cutout rests against the protrusion of the sear; then the cocking lever lifts the sear and disengages it from the cocking hammer. The release protrusion of the cocking lever fits into the bolt recess.
The trigger is released from the sear and, under the action of the wide feather of the mainspring, sharply turns forward on the trunnions and hits the firing pin.
The firing pin moves forward energetically and breaks the cartridge primer with its striker; a shot occurs.
The pressure of the resulting gases forces the bullet out of the barrel; at the same time, the gases press on the walls and bottom of the sleeve. The cartridge case expands and is pressed tightly against the walls of the chamber. The gas pressure at the bottom of the cartridge case is transferred to the bolt, causing it to move backward.
Operation of pistol parts and mechanisms after a shot
The bolt moves back along with the cartridge due to the pressure of the powder gases on the bottom of the cartridge case. At the beginning of the backward movement (at a length of 3-5 mm), the bolt with its protrusion displaces the release protrusion of the cocking lever to the right, thereby disengaging it from the sear (disconnection occurs).
The released sear is pressed against the trigger under the action of a spring; when the trigger turns back all the way, the nose of the sear jumps behind the cocking of the trigger and holds it until the next shot.
With further movement of the bolt back, the release protrusion of the cocking lever slides along the groove of the bolt; The cartridge case, held by the ejector in the bolt cup, hits the reflector and is thrown out through a window in the bolt wall.
The feeder delivers the next cartridge and places it in front of the bolt rammer.
The bolt, having reached the rearmost position, returns to the forward position under the action of the return spring; The bolt rammer pushes the next cartridge out of the magazine and sends it into the chamber. When the bolt reaches its extreme forward position and sends the cartridge into the chamber, the ejector hook slides into the annular groove of the cartridge case.
The cocking lever rests on the sear (on the side), and its release protrusion is located opposite the recess on the bolt. The pistol is ready for the next shot.
To fire the next shot, you must lower the tail of the trigger and press it again.
When releasing the tail of the trigger
The trigger rod with the cocking lever moves back under the action of the narrow feather of the mainspring, at the same time the cocking lever moves down and with its cutout goes under the protrusion of the sear.
When you press the tail of the trigger
the cocking lever raises the sear and releases the hammer from the sear again. The next shot occurs.
6. Study question Performance characteristics of the 9-mm PM pistol.
The weight of the pistol with magazine without cartridges is 730 g.
The weight of the pistol with a magazine loaded with 8 rounds is 810 g.
Pistol length 161 mm
Barrel length 93 mm
Gun height 126.75 mm
Barrel caliber 9 mm
Number of grooves 4
Magazine capacity 8 rounds
Cartridge weight 10 g
Chuck length 25 mm
Combat rate of fire 30 high/min.
Initial bullet speed 315 m/sec