How to calculate a printed sheet. How to calculate printed publication sheets
It is difficult to imagine what humanity might have been like if paper and technological process book printing. Works of art are published on paper, printed scientific works, are published interesting news. However, despite all the amazing variety of books, newspapers and magazines, it is easy to notice that there are not many different page formats for different publications. How can you measure the size of a sheet of a particular format? The basis for considering this issue is printed sheet.
Here we will try to look at this situation with an unbiased eye ordinary person. What paper formats are in real life does he see around him? Let us briefly list them. These are standard sheets of newspaper sheets in several versions, several different book formats. How to bring this diversity to one basis? If we take a standard piece of paper as a basis, then how can we express others based on it? But here the traditional solution to this issue comes to the rescue. Historically, a printed sheet measuring sixty centimeters by ninety centimeters was chosen as the base size, which was called a “conventionally printed sheet.” Typically books, newspapers and magazines measure their format in relation to it. The standard is a printed sheet filled with text on one side. These concepts must be distinguished from the concept of "physical printed sheet", which means the actual printed sheet of the publication.
Thus, the volume of any printed publication, for example, books, newspapers or magazines, can be estimated in relation to a conventional printed sheet. Let's try to show this with an example. Let's say we are talking about a book whose format is 70cm x 100cm/16 and has 192 pages. In order to calculate the volume of a book, you need to carry out the following calculations. Conventionally, a printed sheet has an area equal to 60x90 = 5400 square centimeters, a physical printed sheet has an area of 70 cm x 100 cm = 7000 square centimeters. The conversion factor is 7000/5400 = 1.29. The final calculation looks like this: (192/16)x1.29=15.48. So, in our case, we can say that the volume of the book in question is 15.48 conventional printed sheets. This is how it is customary to indicate the volume of a printed publication.
To complete the picture in this matter, it should be noted that two more common standard type printed sheet. This is the author's printed sheet and the publishing sheet. The first of them has several measurement methods (40,000 printed characters including spaces or 700 lines of poetic text or 22-23 regular typewritten pages) and is intended to measure the volume of the author's work provided for printing. The second occupies the same size as the author's printed sheet, but its volume does not include the one present in this edition.
A printed sheet, as it turns out, happens different types, which are useful to understand. This concept plays a big role in book publishing. It allows you to realistically assess the amount of typographic work performed when publishing a book.
Publications such as “Pravda” or “Literary”, A3 - “Arguments and Facts”) have been and continue to be published.
To calculate the number of printed sheets, the ratio of the area of the publication to its size.
So, in order to calculate the volume of a publication in printed sheets, you will need initial data on the length and width of its page (or, as they say in the publishing business, strip). Multiply the length of the strip by its width. The result of this arithmetic operation will be the area of one strip. For example, for a publication with a strip width of 20 cm and a length of 30 cm, this is 600 sq. cm.
The area of the printed sheet is also easy to calculate. Just multiply 70 by 90 and you get 6300 sq.cm.
Find the conversion factor for this edition. It represents the ratio of the area of an actual book page or newspaper page to the area of a conventional printed sheet. Find it using the formula k=S1/S2. It is enough to round the result to the nearest hundredth.
Count quantity printed sheets throughout the publication. Count quantity book pages or newspaper strips. Multiply the resulting number by the coefficient k. This calculation is convenient for publications typed in a standard font on a sheet of paper with standard formatting.
With the advent of computer prepress technologies, the method of counting texts on printed sheets has become very inaccurate. Until about the 90s, it was believed that a regular A3 newspaper page could hold about 16 thousand characters. In fact, even then most often there were no more than 13 thousand. A modern newspaper page of the same format most often contains from 6 to 10 thousand characters, and sometimes less. Therefore, a printed sheet is used extremely rarely to determine volumes.
Much more accurate is another old unit of measurement - the author's sheet. It is accurate primarily because it is calculated not from the area, but from the number of characters, which allows you to measure virtually any text. The author's sheet contains 40,000 characters without spaces. For a poetic text this is 700 lines. In principle, this method is not much different from those that are now used in most editorial offices, publishing houses and translation agencies.
Handwritten books did not have any stable formats. Their sizes were determined by the customer’s requirements and purpose, for example, the altar Gospel was larger than a book intended for everyday home use.
The use of paper brought some order; now the size of books was based on the size of the paper sheet. But paper manufacturers set sheet sizes arbitrarily.
Typography aimed at mass production books, required the unification of their sizes. Then the question of book formats arose.
In the 16th-19th centuries. In Western European publishing, four formats were used: in-plano (full sheet), in-folio (half sheet), inquatro (quarter sheet) and in-octavo (1/8 sheet). The latter format was introduced in the 16th century by the Venetian publisher A. Manutius, who sought to make books a more accessible product - inexpensive and easy to handle.
Until the mid-19th century, there were three varieties of in-octavo format: large (book height 250 mm), medium (200 mm) and small (185 mm). In the 17th century, the Elsevier format (80 by 51 mm), named after the book publisher Elsevier, became widespread.
In Russia, the beginning of the use of small book formats dates back to the era of Peter I. In the 18th century, books appeared in 1/12, 1/16 and even 1/32 sheet formats.
In 1895, the question of standardizing book formats was first raised in Russia, and in 1903 Russian society Printing figures established a system of 19 formats, but its practical application was difficult due to competition between publishers.
In 124, a standard was introduced in the USSR, including eight formats.
Modern print formats
Currently in Russian Federation Book formats are used and are grouped into five groups: extra-large, large, medium, small and extra-small.
The format of the book edition is indicated on last page along with the date of signature for printing, type of paper, circulation and other data. It is written as follows: 84×108/16 or 70×100 1/32. The first number in this formula indicates the width of the original paper sheet, the second - its height, and the third, which in some cases is expressed - the number of parts into which the sheet was divided.
Sources:
- Print formats
- Standard formats books
It's quite simple.
1. If an article or book has not yet been published, then instead of printed sheets, the so-called author sheets(although they are often indicated as printed). The author's sheet, according to GOST 7.0.3-2006, is 40 thousand characters, including spaces. You can find out the number of characters in the text different ways, but it's easiest in Microsoft Word: select the Review menu tab, then select Statistics and see the number of characters with spaces there. If you need to evaluate many files, you don't have to open each one: select the Microsoft Word file with the text of the publication in Windows Explorer, right-click on it, select "Properties", go to the "Details" tab, scroll down a little and you will see the options " Words, quantity" and "Signs, quantity" are what you need. These parameters need to be added (since the "Characters" parameter does not include spaces), and then divided by 40,000. For example, if there are 77853 characters and 13658 words, then adding 77853 and 13658 we get 91511, then dividing 91511 by 40000 we get 2.29 - these are the author's sheets. You can roughly estimate the number of author's sheets if you know that 1 author's sheet is approximately equal to 16.3 text sheets in A4 format using single line spacing, 14 point size, all margins are 2 cm. Registration and publishing sheets, if necessary to indicate somewhere, are equal to the author's.
Tables, diagrams and illustrations can be counted separately at the rate of 1 printed sheet = 3000 cm² of such material and then added to the author's sheets of text. To do this, you need to print a table (or diagram, illustration), measure its width and length in centimeters with a ruler, multiply the width and length and divide by 3000. For example, for a 10x15 cm diagram, you need to multiply 10 and 15, you get 150, and divide by 3000 , you get 0.05 author's sheet.
2. If an article or book has already been published, then its volume can be considered in conditional printed sheets. It's a little more complicated, but it's usually more cost-effective than authoring sheets. To do this, you need to find the publication format, which is usually indicated on the last page of the book or the title page of the magazine, for example: Format 60×84 1/8 or (same thing) Format 60x84/8. Here 60x84 is the size of the printing sheet in centimeters; 1/8 means that 1 sheet of this publication occupies 1/8 of this large printed sheet. Now let’s say that your article in a magazine takes up 11 pages, then dividing 11 by 8, we get 1.38 - that’s how many typographic pages (they are also called physical) printed pages are occupied by your article. But since the printing sheets themselves are different sizes, then the result still needs to be reduced to a standard (60×90 cm) printed sheet, which is called conditional printed sheet.
To bring different printing sheets to the standard, use the following table of coefficients:
Format | Coefficient
60x70 | 0.78
60x84 | 0.93
60×100 | 1.11
60×108 | 1.20
61x86 | 0.97
70×75 | 0.97
70x84 | 1.09
70x90 | 1.17
70×100 | 1.3
70×108 | 1.4
75x90 | 1.25
80×100 | 1.48
84x90 | 1.4
84x100 | 1.56
84x108 | 1.68
90×100 | 1.67
A4 | 0.1155
A5 | 0.05755
In our example, with a 60x84 sheet, you need to use a coefficient of 0.93, that is, you need to multiply 1.38 by 0.93, and we get 1.28 - this is the final result. The volume of the publication is 1.28 conventional printed sheets, this is the figure that must be indicated in the documents.