Presentation on the topic "Animals. Predators." Presentation - predatory animals What animals are called predatory animals
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Presentation - Predatory animals
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Predatory animals
Presentation made for a biology lesson by a student of grade 6A
Predators who are they?
ANIMALS OF PREDATORY (Carnivora), order of mammals. By modern ideas, includes the families of wolfs, bears, raccoons, hyenas, mustelids, civets, mongooses, cats, as well as three families previously united in the order of pinnipeds: seals, eared seals and walruses; only about 270 species. Distributed throughout the world, only civets are absent in Russia. The body size of adult animals can be from 12 cm with a weight of 50 g (weasel) to 3 m and 700 kg ( polar bear) and even 6.5 m and 3000 kg ( sea Elephant). Specific features of body structure and lifestyle vary greatly among representatives of different systematic and environmental groups. Different kinds Carnivores can lead a terrestrial (most species), semi-arboreal (some civets, raccoons), semi-aquatic (otter) and aquatic (sea otter, seals) lifestyle. They inhabit a variety of landscapes - from arctic deserts to deserts and highlands. Most species feed primarily on animal food, but among terrestrial forms there are also omnivores and even predominantly herbivores (for example, big panda). Some species are very common large areas, are found in various biotopes and are characterized by a wide food spectrum. Others are characterized by a narrow biotopic or food specialization. Terrestrial carnivores are characterized by monogamy and the birth of underdeveloped and blind young.
WOLVENIDES (canines, dogs; Canidae), a family of mammals from the order of predatory animals, includes 11 genera (about 35 species), including maned wolves, red wolves, arctic foxes, raccoon dogs, fennec foxes (all of one species), wolves, foxes. Most of The species is included in the wolf subfamily. They always live in a pack of 6-8 animals. The main feature of a wolf’s character is “friendliness.” The length of an adult wolf from the tip of its nose to its tail is 2 meters. They weigh 43-45 kg. They can smell it 1.5 km away. Hardy Run 65-80 km per day at a speed of 55-60 km/h Eat up to 6 kg of meat in one sitting, hide the rest in reserve
Mustelids, or martens (lat. Mustelidae) are a family of mammals of the order Carnivora. They are one of the most species-rich families. Mustelids appeared 40 million years ago; their size is quite small for predators. Mustelids include martens, minks, otters, badgers, ferrets, and so on. Mustelidae are able to adapt well to different conditions, therefore represented in all parts of the world.
Raccoons (Procyonidae), family of mammals of the order Carnivora; includes 8 genera, 15–21 species. Most raccoons are animals average size with an elongated flexible body (31–67 cm), a long (20–69 cm) tail, some prehensile. Weight from 0.8 to 22 kg. Almost all of them have a short, pointed muzzle and erect ears. Paws with long prehensile toes, plantigrade or digitigrade, sometimes with semi-retractable claws. Color varies from gray to bright reddish-brown. There are often markings on the muzzle, and a ringed tail pattern is characteristic. Most species live in southern and Central America, one species - in North America, two species - in Asia (pandas). Raccoons live mainly in tropical, mixed and mountain forests. Some species hibernate (raccoon). Raccoons feed on amphibians, fish, rodents, and also plant foods(fruits, berries) and insects. They breed once a year, usually giving birth to 2 to 6 young. Some species (raccoon) are objects of fur trade.
HYENAS (Hyaenidae), family carnivorous mammals; includes four types. Hyenas are quite large animals: their body length is 55-165 cm, tail 20-33 cm, weight 10-80 kg. They have a short body. The head is massive, in most species with powerful jaws. Legs are strong, somewhat curved. The forelimbs are longer than the hind limbs. True hyenas have 4 toes on both feet, while the aardwolf has 5. The claws are long, but blunt, convenient for digging. The coat is coarse, shaggy, on the ridge in the form of a long, erect mane. The general color tone is dirty, yellowish-gray or brown, with a striped or spotted pattern on the entire body or only on the legs. Hyenas are common in Africa, Western, Central and South-West Asia. One species is the striped hyena (body length about 1 m, tail about 30 cm) in Transcaucasia and Central Asia. The smallest species is the aardwolf (Proteles cristatus). The length of its body is up to 80 cm, the tail is up to 30 cm. It is common in Eastern and South Africa. The aardwolf does not feed on carrion, unlike other species, but mainly on insects and their larvae (termites), less often small mammals and birds. An important means protection is provided by the secretions of the anal glands, which repel predators. spotted hyena- most major representative family of hyenas. The number of hyenas is declining due to the decrease in wild ungulates, the corpses of which hyenas mainly feed on. Brown hyena(Hyaena brunnea) and striped hyena listed in the International Red Book.
Viverridae (Viverridae), family of mammals of the order Carnivora. Mostly small slender animals with short legs and long tail; many V. are similar in appearance to representatives of the mustelidae family. Some have special glands located near the anus and secrete an odorous secretion - civet. 36 (or 37) genera, including about 75 species (most big family order of carnivores). Distributed in South Asia, Africa (including Madagascar) and Southwestern Europe. They lead a terrestrial lifestyle, some also live in trees. They feed on small animals, sometimes fruits and nuts. Main genera: genets (6 species), civets (3 species), binturong (one species), fossa (one species), ichneumons (8 species), mungo (one species), African civet(Civettictis, one species), African palm civet (Nandinia, one species), etc. Many V. are the object of hunting; civet is used in perfumery and medicine. Some V. are also kept in captivity to obtain civet.
Tiger (lat. Panthera tigris) is a species of predatory mammal of the cat family, which belongs to the subfamily of big cats. Reaches a length of 3.5 meters. Weighs 300 kg. A hungry tiger eats everything: deer, bulls, cows, buffaloes, lynxes, wolves, fish, locusts, snakes, frogs, mice. They live closer to the reservoir, swim well. Tigers hunt in the evening. With one blow of their paw they kill a horse.
What is developed?
Brain Perfection High level nervous activity, characteristic of predators, is ensured by the great perfection of the brain. It has well-developed hemispheres with three grooves, numerous convolutions, and large olfactory lobes. The number of respiratory movements in mammals depends on the size of the animal, which determines the different metabolic rates. It is (in 1 minute): for a horse - 8-16, for a black bear - 15-25, for a fox -25-40, for a rat - 100-150, for a mouse - about 200. Ventilation of the lungs not only ensures gas exchange, but it also has thermoregulatory significance. As the temperature rises, the number of respirations increases, and at the same time the amount of heat removed from the body also increases. Thus, in a dog, the ratio of heat transfer during breathing to its total loss at an air temperature of 8° C is (in percent) 14, at 15° C - 22, at 30° - 46. All sense organs are well developed. All organs of predators are well developed feelings. Especially the sense of smell: it is thousands of times stronger than the human sense. The sense of smell gives the predator more information about the world around him than him, too. sharp vision.
Predator birds
Birds of prey are birds that hunt in flight. They have good eyesight, large claws and beak adapted for capturing or killing prey. Birds of prey do not form a single taxonomic group, but represent several taxa united by common features. Most daytime birds of prey belong to the order Falconiformes: Accipitridae (Accipitridae) Ospreys (Pandionidae) Secretaries (Sagittariidae) Falconidae The nocturnal birds of prey include representatives of the order Strigiformes, which include two families: Owls (Strigidae) Barn owls (Tytonidae)
What is characteristic of birds of prey?
a certain set of digestive enzymes necessary for the efficient digestion of animal food, and corresponding forms of behavior used when hunting various animals (birds, mammals, reptiles, etc.), a large wingspan, highly pointed claws, a curved beak, acute vision and good hearing .
Accipitridae (lat. Accipitridae) - a family of falcon-like birds. Found on all continents except Antarctica and some oceanic islands, they are most diverse and numerous in the tropics. There are cosmopolitan species whose range covers several parts of the world; island forms have a single-point range. They are found in a wide variety of landscape types: forests, tundras, steppes, deserts, in mountains up to an altitude of 7000 meters above sea level.
Whistling Kite
Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is the only species of the osprey family - it has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring near water bodies. It lives in Europe and Asia (except for the tundra, south to Spain, the Mediterranean and Southern China), in North Africa, Australia, North America, on a number of islands in Pacific Ocean. In the northern part of the breeding area, the osprey is migratory; it winters in South Africa, India, Indochina, and in the south North America. The osprey arrives in our country in April, when water bodies are free of ice cover, and flies away for the winter in September. The length of the osprey is 55-60 cm, weight 1.3-1.9 kg.
Osprey
The secretary bird, or secretary[ (lat. Sagittarius serpentarius) is a bird from the order Falconiformes, the only species of the secretary family. Her peculiar name comes from the black feathers on her head, reminiscent of the goose feathers that court secretaries used to like to insert into their wigs.
Secretary bird
Falconidae (lat. Falconidae) is a family of birds from the order Falconiformes. Contains 12 genera and about 60 species. These include the smallest birds of prey - pygmy falcons, whose size ranges from 15 to 19 cm.
Caracara
Owls (lat. Strigidae) are a family of birds of prey belonging to the order Owls. Owls include, for example, long-eared owls, tawny owls, scops owls and eagle owls. In total, 23 genera and more than 200 species are classified as owls. Most owls hunt exclusively at night or at dusk. They differ from other birds of prey by the absence of a crop and the presence of long caecum. For many peoples, owls are a symbol of wisdom. The owl has always been depicted together with the ancient Greek goddess of wisdom Pallas Athena and the Roman Minerva.
Owl
Barn owls (lat. Tytonidae) are one of two families of owls. The triangular-shaped facial disc, tapering downward, distinguishes barn owls from true owls. The body is slender, the head is narrow and long. All barn owls are nocturnal hunters and feed mainly on small mammals such as mice, shrews, as well as small birds and large insects. To avoid sounds when flying, their feathers have special fluff, and the feathers themselves have a special structure.
barn owl
Informational resources
http://ru.wikipedia.org http://www.megabook.ru/article.asp?aid=684593 http://images.yandex.ru/
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Slide 2
Carnivores - an order of placental mammals. 11 modern families of Carnivores contain about 270 species in 110 genera and are distributed almost throughout the world. The vast majority of representatives of the order are classical carnivores, hunting mainly vertebrates. Carnivores are sometimes also divided into two groups, very different from each other in their lifestyle: land carnivores and pinnipeds.
Slide 3
Many carnivores eat more than just meat. Ursids are opportunistic omnivores, and
Some species, such as the giant panda, even specialize in plant nutrition.
Slide 4
Small pandas, badgers, olingos, kinkajous, raccoons and raccoon dogs have plant
food also forms a significant, if not the main, part of their menu. Hyenas and canids (wolves, coyotes, jackals, foxes) eat watermelons and melons in melon fields and fruits that have fallen to the ground
Slide 5
The order of predatory animals is very diverse. Animals vary in size, habitat,
methods of movement and other characteristics. Most of the representatives of carnivores lead a terrestrial lifestyle, but there are also individual representatives, such as minks and otters, that live in fresh water bodies, and the sea otter is a marine animal.
Slide 6
The animals of this order vary in size. The order includes both the miniature weasel and
polar bear. Body length varies from 14 cm to 3 m, and weight from 100 g to 1 ton. Predatory animals are armed with very sharp claws that help them in hunting. Most carnivores have a long tail, except for bears, which have it hidden under their fur. The hairline is well developed. It varies, depending on the type of animal, in thickness, splendor and color.
Slide 7
It is common for most predators to eat the meat of the animals they kill, without
They disdain the remains of foreign food, carrion, insects and vegetation. Due to the difficulties of regularly obtaining meat, predators have to stock up, but sometimes there comes a time when they have to starve.
Slide 8
Most representatives of the order Carnivora prefer a solitary or solitary-family lifestyle
life. Animals mark their territory with urine or excrement. The size of the territory depends on the size of the predator, the amount of food needed and the availability of food. Some animals live in packs. A pack consists of united families of parents and their cubs, a lifestyle that includes wolves and lions. Predatory animals hunt mainly at dusk, at night or at dawn, in places remote from people.
Slide 9
The habitat of the carnivorous order is very wide. Its representatives can be found throughout
the globe, except Antarctica and small ocean islands. The wolf, bear and mustelidae families are especially widespread.
Slide 10
The most favorable habitat for all carnivores is forests, with less choice
open areas and mountains. Some species prefer bodies of water and can swim and dive. Many forest predators can climb trees. For shelter and breeding of offspring, predatory animals use self-dug or other people's holes, caves, hollows, rock crevices, etc. Often one predator has two or even three such shelters.
Slide 11
Most representatives of the order Carnivora have practical applications for us. Such
animals such as sable, otter, mink, arctic fox, leopard, fox, etc. we classified as animals with very beautiful and lush fur, which is valued to this day. The skins of animals that lived in northern latitudes and high mountain regions are especially valuable. Due to the great demand for their skins on the market, people began to breed them or acclimatize them in places that were not in their natural range or where they were once exterminated.
Slide 12
Sometimes predatory animals can be harmful in epidemic terms. For example, wolf, jackal,
Raccoon dogs, along with domestic dogs, in some cases are hosts of the rabies virus and become very dangerous to humans.
View all slides
Slide 1
Animals. Predators. The work was carried out by Anastasia Ivasko, a 7th grade student at Municipal Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 94”. Biology teacher: L.I. KarnaushchenkovaSlide 2
Carnivores - an order of placental mammals. 11 modern families of Carnivores contain about 270 species in 110 genera and are distributed almost throughout the world. The vast majority of representatives of the order are classical carnivores, hunting mainly vertebrates. Carnivores are sometimes also divided into two groups, very different from each other in their lifestyle: land carnivores and pinnipeds.
Slide 3
Many carnivores eat more than just meat. Bears are opportunistic omnivores, and some species, such as the giant panda, even specialize in plant nutrition.
Slide 4
Among small pandas, badgers, olingos, kinkajous, raccoons and raccoon dogs, plant foods also form a significant, if not the main part of their menu. Hyenas and canids (wolves, coyotes, jackals, foxes) eat watermelons and melons in melon fields and fruits that have fallen to the ground
Slide 5
The order of predatory animals is very diverse. Animals vary in size, habitat, modes of movement and other characteristics. Most of the representatives of carnivores lead a terrestrial lifestyle, but there are also individual representatives, such as minks and otters, that live in fresh water bodies, and the sea otter is a marine animal.
Slide 6
The animals of this order vary in size. The order includes both the miniature weasel and the polar bear. Body length varies from 14 cm to 3 m, and weight from 100 g to 1 ton. Predatory animals are armed with very sharp claws that help them in hunting. Most carnivores have a long tail, except for bears, which have it hidden under their fur. The hairline is well developed. It varies, depending on the type of animal, in thickness, splendor and color.
Slide 7
It is common for most predators to feed on the meat of animals they have killed, and do not disdain the remains of other people's food, carrion, insects and vegetation. Due to the difficulties of regularly obtaining meat, predators have to stock up, but sometimes there comes a time when they have to starve.
Slide 8
Most representatives of the order Carnivora prefer a solitary or solitary-family lifestyle. Animals mark their territory with urine or excrement. The size of the territory depends on the size of the predator, the amount of food needed and the availability of food. Some animals live in packs. A pack consists of united families of parents and their cubs, a lifestyle that includes wolves and lions. Predatory animals hunt mainly at dusk, at night or at dawn, in places remote from people.
Slide 9
The habitat of the carnivorous order is very wide. Its representatives can be found all over the globe, except Antarctica and small ocean islands. The wolf, bear and mustelidae families are especially widespread.
Slide 10
The most favorable habitat for all predators is forests, with a lesser choice of open areas and mountains. Some species prefer bodies of water and can swim and dive. Many forest predators can climb trees. For shelter and breeding of offspring, predatory animals use self-dug or other people's holes, caves, hollows, rock crevices, etc. Often one predator has two or even three such shelters.
Sometimes predatory animals can be harmful in epidemic terms. For example, the wolf, jackal, raccoon dog, along with domestic dogs, in some cases are hosts of the rabies virus and become very dangerous to humans.
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Slide captions:
Animals. Predators. The work was carried out by Anastasia Ivasko, a 7th grade student at Municipal Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 94”. Biology teacher: L.I. Karnaushchenkova
Carnivores - an order of placental mammals. 11 modern families of Carnivores contain about 270 species in 110 genera and are distributed almost throughout the world. The vast majority of representatives of the order are classical carnivores, hunting mainly vertebrates. Carnivores are sometimes also divided into two groups, very different from each other in their lifestyle: land carnivores and pinnipeds.
Many carnivores eat more than just meat. Bears are opportunistic omnivores, and some species, such as the giant panda, even specialize in plant nutrition.
Among small pandas, badgers, olingos, kinkajous, raccoons and raccoon dogs, plant foods also form a significant, if not the main part of their menu. Hyenas and canids (wolves, coyotes, jackals, foxes) eat watermelons and melons in melon fields and fruits that have fallen to the ground
The order of predatory animals is very diverse. Animals vary in size, habitat, modes of movement and other characteristics. Most of the representatives of carnivores lead a terrestrial lifestyle, but there are also individual representatives, such as minks and otters, that live in fresh water bodies, and the sea otter is a marine animal.
The animals of this order vary in size. The order includes both the miniature weasel and the polar bear. Body length varies from 14 cm to 3 m, and weight from 100 g to 1 ton. Predatory animals are armed with very sharp claws that help them in hunting. Most carnivores have a long tail, except for bears, which have it hidden under their fur. The hairline is well developed. It varies, depending on the type of animal, in thickness, splendor and color.
It is common for most predators to feed on the meat of animals they have killed, and do not disdain the remains of other people's food, carrion, insects and vegetation. Due to the difficulties of regularly obtaining meat, predators have to stock up, but sometimes there comes a time when they have to starve.
Most representatives of the order Carnivora prefer a solitary or solitary-family lifestyle. Animals mark their territory with urine or excrement. The size of the territory depends on the size of the predator, the amount of food needed and the availability of food. Some animals live in packs. A pack consists of united families of parents and their cubs, a lifestyle that includes wolves and lions. Predatory animals hunt mainly at dusk, at night or at dawn, in places remote from people.
The habitat of the carnivorous order is very wide. Its representatives can be found all over the globe, except Antarctica and small ocean islands. The wolf, bear and mustelidae families are especially widespread.
The most favorable habitat for all predators is forests, with a lesser choice of open areas and mountains. Some species prefer bodies of water and can swim and dive. Many forest predators can climb trees. For shelter and breeding of offspring, predatory animals use self-dug or other people's holes, caves, hollows, rock crevices, etc. Often one predator has two or even three such shelters.
Most representatives of the order Carnivora have practical applications for us. We classified animals such as sable, otter, mink, arctic fox, leopard, fox, etc. as animals with very beautiful and lush fur, which is valued to this day. The skins of animals that lived in northern latitudes and high mountain regions are especially valuable. Due to the great demand for their skins on the market, people began to breed them or acclimatize them in places that were not in their natural range or where they were once exterminated.
Sometimes predatory animals can be harmful in epidemic terms. For example, the wolf, jackal, raccoon dog, along with domestic dogs, in some cases are hosts of the rabies virus and become very dangerous to humans.
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Wolf family. A typical representative is a wolf. It lives throughout Russia - from the tundra to the southern steppes. They lead a wandering lifestyle, uniting in flocks. During the breeding season, they form pairs. The den is made in remote places, under the roots of trees. A female wolf brings 4-6 puppies. They feed on rodents, hares, birds, and ungulates. Both parents bring food to the puppies. They hunt alone or in packs, pursuing prey.
Common fox. The size, color and nature of the fur depends on geographical conditions. Distributed everywhere. Leads a nomadic lifestyle. During the breeding season it forms pairs. The fox digs a hole itself or occupies the holes of other animals. Once a year it brings 4-6, sometimes up to 10, blind fox cubs, which grow quickly and can leave the hole within a month. Active around the clock, but especially in the evening and at dawn. It feeds on live prey: it chases it and digs up rodents. The fox destroys sick and dead animals.
Bear family. There are three types of bears in our country: White, brown and black. Bears are distinguished by their large body size, thick hair, and sharp, non-retractable claws on their paws. Bears are plantigrade mammals with a short tail. Distributed in the northern hemisphere. They feed on both animal and plant foods. The female gives birth to 1-2 cubs, very small, blind.
Polar bear. The largest of the bears, up to 3 meters long, weighing up to 1 ton. Does not hibernate. Only the female, preparing to become a mother, lies in a snow den built under the rocks. The number of polar bears has been reduced and is under protection.
Brown bear. The brown bear lives in Siberia, the Caucasus, and the mountains of Central Asia. Prefers forests rich in berries with swamps and ravines. In winter it hibernates. It makes a den in remote areas of the forest, using natural shelters. In lean years, the bear does not sleep; this one is called a connecting rod. He is very dangerous: he attacks domestic animals and destroys hives. In December-February, the female gives birth to 1-3 cubs.
Characteristics of cats. Predators are large and medium-sized, with long limbs armed with retractable claws. The color is spotted or striped. The carnassial teeth are well developed. They feed on live prey, which they lie in wait for and rush from ambush. Distributed across all continents except Australia.
Tiger. The tiger is the largest of our cats. Up to 3 meters long, weighing 350 kg. Lives in the Far East and Central Asia. Leads a nomadic life, active at all times of the day. It makes its den in bushes, less often among rocks. It reproduces once every 2-3 years. There are 2-6 kittens in a litter. They become sexually mature at 4 years of age. They feed on ungulates: deer, roe deer, wild boar. After eating he likes to rinse his mouth. The tiger is a rare animal and is under protection.
