Project of a house with an attic garage up to 120 sq. m. Building plan with a garage. Small house - comfortable life

A huge number of different house designs are embodied in reality by architects and builders, each of which meets different requirements. You can find private homes that are both laconic and austere, overly chic and more modest. But there are houses that can combine both. One of these houses is a house with a bay window and an attic. We invite you to take a closer look at the projects of such houses, with their features.

Most often, such a successful architectural solution is provided for single-story houses. Why, you ask. Because it is this solution that allows you to make the house compact, but at the same time very roomy. But the project is also appropriate for storey construction. Compactness is very appropriate in small areas. Houses with a bay window and an attic do not require a large territory from you.

Thus, we have decided on the choice of a project for the house. Before you learn how to make such a house with your own hands, how to build it from scratch, make a project, you should find out what a bay window and attic are.

What is an attic and a bay window?

What people often call an attic is called an attic. This is an attic space. The advantage of the attic, in contrast to the classic attic, is that it can be used to make a very beautiful living space, an entire room. The attic is limited from above by a roof. It can be the size of the entire area of ​​​​the floors of the house, but it can be a little wider if this is provided for in the project of the house.

If the attic is wider, then it is imperative to make a support for the protruding part. It can serve as an arch, column, supporting pillars. And for such protruding attics, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich significantly exceeds the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe first floor, a bay window is needed. It is often used as a support. Such houses predominate in private construction, which is appropriate due to their originality and style.

The bay window is both the protruding part of the facade of the house and the protruding part of the interior. It is often planned to implement such a project in picturesque areas, beautiful territories. And all thanks to the wide view, which helps to implement the bay window. A wide view will also help improve the lighting in your chosen room.

In addition, it is not only convenient in terms of functionality, but also has a positive effect on the exterior decor of the house, as well as the room inside. The design of such a project provides for the creation of an interesting special atmosphere.

Advantages and disadvantages of a combination of an attic-oriel house

Like any other home project, combining an attic and a bay window in the same project will have a number of advantages and disadvantages. Separately, we considered each of these elements, but what if there is a combination of them.

Consider the main advantages of the combination:

  1. The main advantage is the ability to expand the usable area and space inside the house for residential needs. This does not increase the footprint of the building. The attic is designed for the construction of a two-level building, while it allows you to significantly save on construction, while the bay window increases the area of ​​​​the room. Thus, you can make a clear functional zoning of the room in terms of the room.
  2. In addition to functional benefits, an attic in combination with a bay window will make the appearance of the house very beautiful. The main thing is to combine them correctly in order to create a beautiful combination, giving the atmosphere a spirit of romance and lightness.
  3. It is noteworthy that despite the many funds that you will spend on a bay window, there is still an overall cost savings, because. they are covered by the construction of an attic level. Thus, it is the combination that saves money.
  4. The combination of such techniques in construction will make it possible to compensate for heat losses, which for the most part will fall on wide viewing windows.

Well, now let's talk about the disadvantages. There aren't many of them, but they do exist. The main one is, first of all, that the problem of clearing snow precipitation remains. Do not forget that it will be necessary to clean the roof constantly to reduce the load and eliminate the negative effects of moisture. Doing this in our case will be a little difficult, and therefore the roof may be damaged.

Of course, it would be wrong not to note this fact. That with your own hands you are unlikely to build such a house and you will need to hire builders. Not every designer, foreman and workers will take on the implementation of such a complex project, so you may have to pay a lot of money for the construction.

Features of the project implementation

We have already decided on the correctness of the decision, it remains only to choose ways to beat the attic correctly. To do this, you can use the combination we have chosen as a wide field for the embodiment of fantasies in design solutions.

The main feature of the construction will be based on the choice of the location of the bay window. If everything is clear with the attic, then where to make a ledge - you need to decide. What are the options for this:

  1. For cottages built, for example, from aerated concrete, it is advisable to choose a bay window on the ground floor. You can expand your living room and make a wonderful view in it. Also, a beautiful extended dining room would be a good solution. Please note that you can make a beautiful corner for work and creativity from your old boring office.
  2. You can make it both in the attic and on the ground floor at the same time. This is a very complex project, which is not only very spectacular.
  3. And, of course, a bay window in the attic. We make a ledge at the level of the attic. You can combine this technique with different rooms. For example, combine with a children's room, a bedroom. An attic bathroom with a bay window will look very interesting.

The project will bring to life the most beautiful architectural solutions and will allow you not only to ennoble the facade of the house, but also to make the zoning of rooms very practical from a functional point of view.

We recommend that you watch a video presentation describing the project of the house on the topic described above:

What is the difference between a house with a bay window? What are its advantages and disadvantages?

What are the features of such a structure? Is it possible to make a project at home with both a bay window and an attic? The answers to these questions and photos of houses with a bay window are in this article.

What is a bay window?

It seems that the German word "bay window" has recently entered our language. However, houses with a bay window are not uncommon in the expanses of the former Soviet Union.

A bay window is a ledge from the facade of a building. Almost the entire area of ​​​​its walls is occupied by windows, so the natural lighting of a room with a bay window significantly exceeds the lighting of ordinary rooms.

The main distinguishing features of a room with a bay window:

  • panoramic view from the window;
  • increasing the duration of natural light in the room;
  • elegance of construction;
  • increase in usable area.

The history of the structure of bay windows goes deep into the Middle Ages. The original purpose of such a ledge was an overview of the territory adjacent to the structure.

Bay windows were made with narrow loopholes instead of windows in castles and fortresses for the convenience of their defense. The protruding part of the fortress not only provided a large viewing angle, but also allowed firing in different directions.

Epochs are changing, but bay windows still remain an important link in the architecture of many countries of the world. People drew attention to other useful features of such a layout.

The bay window not only provides a panoramic view, but also helps to get more light into the room. Unlike a conventional window opening, light enters bay windows from three sides at once.

This not only increases the level of illumination of the room, but also increases the duration of light exposure.

A room with a bay window located on the south side of the building will be lit from dawn to dusk.

The design of the building, which includes a bay window, departs from the usual rectangular shape.

Thanks to this, the building acquires an exquisite elegant style. A rounded or prismoid ledge gives the house an original and elegant look.

A bay window, unlike a balcony, increases the living space of the room. For this reason, bay windows began to be used frequently in the middle of the last century.

In Russia in those years, many houses with ledges were built. The reason for this was not only the saving of energy resources, but also an increase in living space.


At the end of the twentieth century, projects for economical rapid construction began to be more often approved, and bay windows became less and less used.

The beautiful functional houses were replaced by "Khrushchevs". The uniformity of buildings significantly accelerated their structure.

Often such houses were built from standard reinforced concrete blocks. The maximum number of apartments was located on a small area.

By creating a house project with one or more bay windows, you can not only increase the area and save energy, but also emphasize individuality. Each such house is unusual and beautiful in its own way.

The project can be created with a combination of different architectural styles, which expands the scope for the designer's eye. By making an individual project, you can easily achieve the uniqueness of the structure.

What are bay windows?

Projects of houses with bay windows are very diverse. The layout of modern houses allows you to harmoniously fit various types of ledges into the design.

The most commonly used types are:

  • rectangular;
  • semicircular;
  • polygonal;

Due to the ease of implementation, the rectangular or square shape of the protrusions is the most common.

The easiest way to make such a bay window is in a wooden house, buildings made of brick or concrete blocks. The layout of a rectangular ledge does not require any special knowledge.

Despite the simplicity in design and construction, such ledges are no less practical and functional than other types.

The number of windows in this case depends on the depth of the ledge. If it has the shape of a rectangle with short sides, then there is one wide window along the front wall. There may be no windows on the side walls, or they may be narrow.

Venetian bay window - the so-called ledges of a semicircular or oval shape. Without a doubt, this is the most elegant and stylish option.

Such a ledge can be placed not only in the center of the wall, but also replace one of the corners of the building with it.

Such a design move can transform the entire appearance of the building, make it original and unique.


Round structures are easiest to fit into a brick or aerated concrete house. In buildings made of wood or other materials, such bay windows will also look great, but it is quite difficult to achieve the correct shape when using a wooden beam.

The polygonal shape of the structure allows this type to be used when designing buildings from any materials.

A frame house with a polyhedral bay window looks very interesting. In buildings made of timber, this option is also easily implemented.

The ledge can be made part of not only a country or one-story house. Houses with an attic and a bay window look original.

You can use the protruding structure in the construction of a multi-storey building. A two-story house with two different bay windows takes on the appearance of a real Gothic castle.

Often this combination: a full-fledged bay window on the ground floor with an open terrace or balcony on the upper floors.

In a house with an attic, on a platform formed by a ledge, you can arrange a closed greenhouse. A variant with a high open terrace is also possible.

The project of a house with a ledge along the entire plane of one of the walls also looks interesting. In this case, the bay window can form both parts of different rooms, and a separate room with exits to different rooms.

Technically, you can place a ledge on either side of the building, but it will be much more practical to use it if it is facing south. You can use stained glass windows on the second floor of the building.

Interior design features

When planning a small country house or a capital house with an attic, it is important to remember that any protruding structure complicates construction.

More demanding is the quality of building materials in order to avoid weakening the building frame.

The ledge can also be attached to an already finished building, but it is much better to build from scratch on a common foundation.

In this case, the design will be more reliable. This is especially true for houses with two floors, buildings with an attic, frame buildings of any type.

In the presence of a second floor, the creation of a monolithic interfloor overlap in the ledge area is of particular difficulty.

All these nuances must be taken into account at the design stage, even if it is planned to build a small country house.

From the protruding design, the interior of the rooms only benefits.

This gives not only an increase in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and additional illumination, but also the original shape of the room. This approach allows you to use any design for decoration.

The protruding design is most convenient to beat in the interior of the following rooms:

  • bedroom;
  • living room;
  • children's;
  • kitchen.

A romantic bedroom with a round panoramic window, a living room with an open balcony, or a nursery on the top floor of the tower - there is room for designer imagination to roam. The main thing is to decorate the interior with a creative approach.

Design elements such as false columns or decorative arched passages will help make the interior of the room even more unique.

This approach will help not only to stylize the interior, but also to delimit the space of the room.

When decorating the second floor in a modern style, it is recommended to use cold shades.

In combination with an abundance of natural light, this will not only emphasize the individuality of the room, but also give a feeling of the boundlessness of space.

Often, a two-story bay window is glazed to its full height. However, this option is not very convenient for the first floor, since in this case there is a view not only from the house, but also from the outside. Not everyone wants to live in such a "glass" house.

Successful design and construction of your dream home!

Beautiful projects of compact houses up to 150 sq m: photo, catalog

Projects of compact houses up to 150 sq m are popular among developers. Therefore, in this section of the catalog, we have collected the best projects of 150 m2 houses: comfortable layouts of compact houses, solutions that save the construction budget, will delight you!

Before choosing and buying a house project for turnkey implementation, it is necessary to think carefully about the location, purpose and number of rooms in the future house. The option of a country house with an area of ​​​​65 m2 for a family of two, for example, may turn out to be optimal, and not small. Rather than building extra rooms that will not be used, it is better to spend the saved money on decorating the facade, sauna, barbecue, beautiful and rich landscape design, and original interior design.

We are constantly adding compact house projects to our Z500 catalog with new layout ideas! The prices for our projects are average market prices at the level of 2017.

Small house - comfortable life.

With a well-thought-out layout, projects of houses up to 100, 120 m2 can be designed for a family of 4 people, who will be comfortable in such a house all year round. For example, see our projects of houses up to 120 sq m: Z220, Z213, Zx51, Z93, Z101, Z297, Z233, Z8, Z43, Z210, Z233. The rooms will not be the largest, it's true, but good design will make them cozy and homey. See ready-made design solutions for projects: Z93, Z101, Z43, Z210.

Projects of houses up to 120 sq m: how to increase space

Visually increase the size of the premises in the house will help: large areas of glazing; terraces and balconies; combined living room, dining room, kitchen; a second light above the day zone; optimal area of ​​connecting premises (corridors, halls, stairs).

The compact dimensions of the house will help save space on the site, which is especially felt if the house is two-story or with an attic. On a building area of ​​100 m2, it is possible to build a one-storey house with a total area of ​​78-84 m2, a house with an attic with a total area of ​​129-144 m2, a two-storey house with a total area of ​​133-147 m2. Therefore, if you want to set up a beautiful garden on a small plot, two-story house projects of 140 sq m are the best option for this!

On a small suburban area, it will not be possible to build a huge mansion. The ideal solution in this case would be a comfortable and roomy one-story house. Having studied the photo of a private house of 120 sq. m, you can find a suitable option. They will inspire you to build your own home.

If the idea cannot be realized, then the specialists are ready to fulfill an individual order. Such a project will be created taking into account all the features of the site, the wishes of the customer.

Floors of the building

Beautiful living room, spacious kitchen, cozy bedrooms and utility rooms will create comfortable living conditions for people in the building. Modern projects of houses up to 120 sq. m take into account all the details. One-story buildings or buildings consisting of two levels can have an interesting and comfortable layout.




In such projects, the dining room and kitchen, living room and hallway are often combined. The cost of the finished object depends on the materials used for construction.

To determine the number of floors, it is necessary to take into account many parameters. If you build houses from foam blocks of the same area, then the length of the foundation of a two-story building will be less. Thanks to this, you can save on materials. The wall area of ​​a single-tier building will be smaller, so masonry will cost less.

The cost of high-altitude work is added to the amount received. To climb to the second floor, a staircase is required, the price of which fluctuates over a wide range. A second bathroom should also be provided.

If you carry out calculations taking into account this technique, you will be able to find out which option will be more expensive. If the area of ​​​​the site allows, then a one-story version is erected. The two-tier type allows you to save space. It is worth taking care of heating a house of 120 m2.

It is more convenient for a person to live in a one-story building. With proper planning, the number of corridors that take up useful space is reduced.

If the staircase to the second floor is comfortable, then it takes up a lot of space. Reducing its size will make it unsafe for small children and elderly family members. Bedrooms are placed upstairs to protect the rooms from noise.

building with an attic

Designers embody bold ideas in modern projects. A popular option is a building with an attic. For such an object, different materials and architectural solutions are used. Projects of houses with an attic have their own characteristics. Good thermal insulation should be provided, the upper part of the building is subject to significant temperature differences.




High-quality waterproofing is also required, since the living space is located directly under the roof. Lightweight building materials are used for the attic.

Projects of one-story houses contain a single space under the roof. If it needs to be divided, then drywall is used. Dormer windows will decorate the exterior of the building and the interior space.

Layout of a private house

Without a pre-planned plan, construction work can be delayed. To do this, the location of all rooms is thought out, calculations are carried out. At this stage, you will need the help of a professional. You can make a rough plan, which will be corrected by a specialist.

There are ready-made projects of houses with an area of ​​​​120 square meters. m, you just need to find a suitable type. It can be amended in accordance with the wishes of the customer. It should be decided in advance whether a basement is needed.

You also need to pay attention to the layout of the bathroom. It is more convenient to use separate rooms for the bathroom and toilet. If the area does not allow, then they make a combined bathroom.

It will be possible to divide the space into functional components using a simple partition. Two-story houses of 120 squares should have two bathrooms. They are usually located one above the other, which will save on materials.

To place the bedroom choose the sunny side. Its dimensions are usually 12-20 square meters. m. How many such premises will be depends on the number of residents. In two-story buildings, lounges are placed at the top, away from the living room and nursery. For the elderly, a room on the first floor is chosen for the bedroom.

In modern buildings, it is customary to combine a cooking room and a dining area in one room. It is better to place it away from the bedroom so that smells do not interfere with rest. The layout of the one-story house provides that the kitchen and bath are nearby. This will save money on communications.




Floor plan with garage

Life away from the bustle of the city and public transport leads to the need to have your own car. Owners of suburban areas often choose house projects with a garage. This space may be part of a property or an extension. A garage on the ground floor will save money.

If you build an additional object, then you will need finance for the purchase of building materials, summing up communications.

One-storey house 120 sq. m, which has a garage, requires the installation of solid floors. In the room where the car is stored, powerful ventilation is installed, additional gas insulation is made. The extension to the building is a compromise, it will be separated from the main object.

You can make an entrance to it from the street and from the dwelling, so as not to go out into the yard in bad weather. The attached type and the room for the car inside the building provide space savings, reduce building heat loss, construction and operation costs.

If the garage is combined with the house, has a similar finish, then it looks better than a free-standing building. This room can easily be converted into a workshop, a storage room for tools and garden tools.

Conclusion

Careful selection of the project and building materials is necessary for arranging a comfortable home. The design of the house should be attractive, but functionality should also be taken care of. Each room requires design. If a standard version is used, then adjustments can be made to it.

Turning to professionals, the owner of the site will be able to resolve the problems associated with the selection of the project and building materials. Specialists will draw up documentation that will take into account all the nuances of the future structure and the wishes of the residents.

Photos of houses 120 sq. m.

Reading time ≈ 14 minutes

Projects of one-story houses with an attic (the layout is shown in the photo below) with an area of ​​​​up to 120 sq m are very popular today not only in suburban construction, but also in the conditions of a fairly dense building of a modern city. The construction of such houses is inexpensive due to their compactness and simple design. The building is suitable for families with children, as it is possible to equip from 3 to 5 separate rooms. Consider the best options for designing residential buildings prepared by professional architects.

An example of a one-story house with a furnished attic and access to a balcony

Features of small buildings with an attic

One-story houses with an area of ​​up to 120 sq m represent the "golden mean" of residential buildings both in terms of the cost of the finished project and the cost of material for construction.

The need to build such a house is often due not to the desire to save money, but to the small area of ​​\u200b\u200bit itself. In this case, the attic will be a real salvation when you need a large number of rooms for a large family. Also, if you wish, you can always build additional buildings on the adjacent territory, for example, a guest house, a bathroom, or.

Project of a house with a layout of 1 and attic floors

Projects of attic houses deserve special attention, we will consider all the advantages and disadvantages in terms of choosing a layout, saving money and creating conditions for a comfortable stay.

pros Minuses
Small expenses for building materials and payment for the work of professionals; The ceiling on the ground floor should be more durable, so it is necessary to thicken it, as for two-story structures;
Costs for payment, heating and are reduced; If it is planned to arrange a living room inside the attic, it is necessary to carry out additional and heating;
The saved funds can be spent on the equipment of modern high-quality heating systems, plumbing and home electronics; It may be necessary to carry out communications upstairs (for example, for a bathroom or toilet);
You won’t have to wait long until the construction is completed, which cannot be said about two-story; Sloping walls and ceilings do not always allow you to accommodate high furniture, which will have to be taken into account when creating a room design inside the attic.
The construction is the least labor-intensive in comparison with houses with an area of ​​​​200 square meters;
Due to the attic, the internal area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe dwelling increases;
The attic is an additional place for summer holidays, storage of things or organization of work space;
The original interior design of the upper attic room due to the sloping gable roof ceiling.
The total area of ​​living quarters is increased due to additional space under the roof.








Attic bevels are able to create a special atmosphere of home comfort of a country house. They can start from the floor level of the first floor or be raised up to 180 cm from the floor.

Attic floor with attic glazing

The total living space can be conditionally divided into two parts by floors:


Despite the fact that in such houses it is rare to find a pool on the second floor, a spacious home library and a billiard room, there is still enough space to accommodate all the essentials for a comfortable life.

It is important to note that the attic is not a full-fledged second floor and does not repeat the area of ​​the first. However, it will allow you to slightly increase the number of rooms due to the second level, even with a flight of stairs.

Lounge area at the attic level

What opportunities open up for the owners of attic rooms:

  • open-plan interiors are a fashionable solution for modern interiors. It is hardly suitable for a large family, where minimal sound insulation of the walls is required, but it allows you to make the home more spacious and brighter;
  • the bedroom can be placed under the roof itself, and a large amount of daylight will flow through the window openings from above and illuminate the attic space. In the corners and niches under the roof slopes, you can arrange a cozy corner with a heating boiler and decor;
  • if there was not enough space on the ground floor to equip the nursery, it can be moved to the attic. It will fit a bed for a teenager, and a bunk bed, and even a playground with toys;
  • sometimes the slope of the roof does not make it possible to fully use the living space for interior decoration. In this case, the room can be moved closer to the center or moved under the roof to the second level of the building;
  • even in a one-story house, you can equip a small balcony or loggia with access from the attic level. Even a gable roof will not be an obstacle in this case;
  • in the attic, you can organize a spacious dressing room, furnishing it with comfortable furniture, racks with hangers, shelves, cabinets or racks. In addition, you can store old books, personal items and sports equipment here;
  • to make the house seem larger, the living room and dining room can be combined into one room on the first level, and separate rooms for each family member can be arranged in an insulated attic;
  • the far corner is suitable for arranging a secluded corner - the master bedroom. Windows can be panoramic and offer stunning views of natural landscapes;
  • upstairs it will be convenient to place an office or a mini-library with collections of books. A flight of stairs to the lower level is best decorated with wooden or metal railings;
  • a great idea would be to create a home theater under a frame roof. Seats in the form of soft sofas, armchairs and pillows can be placed under the bevel itself, and the screen can be hung in the center near the span to the lower floor;
  • attic rooms can be personal rooms if a large family with children and parents lives in the house. Bedrooms can be located both below and above, as seen in the diagram;
  • since the attic is the warmest room in the house, it is recommended to have guest bedrooms here. This is especially true for country houses, in which additional wall insulation is not provided. During the whole day, the building will heat up from the sunlight, and warm air will rise in the evening to the attic floor;
  • sometimes the owners decide not to build additional rooms in the attic, but choose to increase the height of the ceilings due to the absence of any partitions and beams. Thus, the dwelling seems more spacious, there is more light and air inside such a house, and it is also possible to realize any design and architectural style;
  • due to the broken mansard roof, an unusual shape of the ceiling is obtained, for example, a bathroom for guests. Different angles of inclination give the room dynamics and depth.

As a rule, the attic is a "quiet" zone of a modern cottage and serves to equip bedrooms or lounges. Here, if desired, you can equip a gym with a wall bars or a work area with an office and a workshop. It can also act as an auxiliary area with utility blocks, storage rooms or a spare bathroom.

The best solution would be to place a real stove in the attic to heat the entire home. At the same time, you can choose a model of any size and configuration, for any design and interior style.

One of the most important safety conditions is the installation of a reliable and high-quality ladder with comfortable steps and lift. The interfloor flight of stairs should be equipped with railings, the height and width of the steps should be well thought out, but also the aesthetic side of the issue - the design of the structure - should not be forgotten.

Attic glazing with vertical and inclined windows is also worth mentioning. The installation of the structure takes place in the roof slope, the number of window openings will depend on the level of lighting and the area of ​​​​the attic.

Inclined glazing

Double-glazed windows can be single or multi-leaf, have different thickness and design of window frames. If desired, the owners can install lucarnes - dormer windows. They are vertically glazed structures protected from all sides by walls and roofs.

Lucarna in the middle of the pitched roof

A fashionable trend today has become a transparent glass attic roof made of transparent load-bearing roof elements. They can be installed partially or cover the entire roof. Inside, they equip a cozy open-air room or.

Sample projects

For the development of any project of a country house or cottage, various building materials are used, depending on the preferences of the customer and the characteristics of the area where the construction object will be located.

Materials used for the construction of one-story houses for permanent residence:

  • stone;
  • brick;
  • concrete blocks (foam blocks, gas blocks, expanded clay, cinder blocks, wood concrete, etc.);
  • wood (log, timber).

House from profiled timber

Particular attention should be paid to the technology of building frame houses. They are prefabricated structures, the load-bearing elements of which are interconnected. The frame is made of metal or wood, the house can be assembled from ready-made panels or be made on the basis of a prefabricated frame based on a foundation base.

An example of a frame house with a gable roof

Popular architecture execution styles:


Consider several successful projects of one-story houses for permanent residence, made in various styles, using photos, layouts and drawings as an example.

Attic house 104 sq m

The total area of ​​a one-story building with a balcony is 104 sq m, the walls can be made of foam blocks, aerated concrete, bricks, the roof can be made of composite, cement-sand, ceramic and metal tiles. Inside the building, you can make up to 5 separate rooms (1 master and 2 guest bedrooms, a spacious studio-type living room with a kitchen and dining room), 2 bathrooms, a boiler room, a playroom, a pantry or a change house, while there is no garage.

The slider shows an example of a finished project from Shop-project with a set of drawings for construction.




Stylish house 120 sq m

A building with an attic and without a garage with an area of ​​​​120 sq m, the material for erecting walls can be brick, foam block, ceramic blocks or aerated concrete, the roof can be made of ceramic, flexible, composite, cement-sand or metal tiles. The project includes 4 residential rooms (2 bedrooms on the upper level, a living-dining room and a guest room on the lower level), 2 bathrooms, a pantry, an open-plan kitchen and spacious halls with a landing.



What else to read