Test 20 peasant reform of 1861 Reforms of local self-government. Constitutional throwing. "Dictatorship of the Heart"

Test on the topic "Abolition of serfdom"

1. For the first time about the need to abolish serfdom Alexander II officially declared wa) March 1856. b) February 1861 c) March 1861 d) April 1864
2. Chairman of the Drafting Commission for the development of a draft reform to abolish serfdom was a) N.A. Milyutin b) Y.I. Rostovtsev c) Y.F. Samarin d) Y.A. Solovyov
3. The crisis of the feudal-serf system of the economy manifested itselfa) in the presence of estatesb) in the existence of a monarchical form of governmentc) in the existence of a peasant communityd) in reaching the highest limit of corvée and dues
4. The reform to abolish serfdom was carried out in the interests ofa) local nobility b) the peasantry c) the emperor d) residents of national outskirts
5. What was the deadline for making redemption payments for land by peasants a) 10 years b) 25 years c) 49 years d) 70 years
6. The temporary state of the peasants could last for a) 6 years b) 7 years c) 8 years d) 9 years
7. According to the reform, it was planned to resolve the issue with the land as followsa) give the land to the peasants for ransomb) to divide the land among the peasants equallyc) peasants to rent land from landlordsd) give land to the peasants free of charge

8. In the course of the reform, the land purchased from the landowner became a) the personal property of the peasant b) the property of the peasant community c) the property of the state d) property of the emperor
9. Peasant reform of 1861 a) strengthened autocratic power b) worsened the situation of the peasants c) created the conditions for the establishment of the capitalist structure in the economy d) solved the agrarian question in Russia
10. Match Date to Event

Event

11. Match the term with its definition

Term

1) transformation, change;2) part of the lands used by the peasants, cut off after the peasant reform of 1861 in favor of the landlords;3) former serfs, released according to the "Regulations of February 19, 1861", but not transferred for redemption;4) one of the duties of dependent peasants, which consists in paying tribute to the landowner in food or money; 5) annual repayments by peasants of 1/49 of the amount of money paid by the government for the redemption of peasant allotments in the course of the reform of 1861;6) the most severe form of dependence of the peasants on the landlords, whose power extended to the person, labor and property of the peasants who belonged to them; 7) the amount of tax or fee not paid on time; 8) labor, work by serfs and temporarily liable peasants in favor of the feudal lord; 9) an official position since 1859 in the Russian Empire to settle land relations between landowners and peasants and supervise peasant institutions; 10) offering a tenth of the proceeds to the church. For each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second and write it down in the table with the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
12. Arrange events in chronological orderA) the assassination of Alexander II B) cancellation of redemption paymentsB) Alexander's Manifesto II on the liberation of the peasants D) Alexander's statement II on the need to abolish serfdom D) the beginning of the reign of Alexander II E) establishment of editorial commissions 13. Name the central and local institutions of Russia involved in the preparation of the peasant reform 1) II Department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery 2) Editorial committees3) Main Committee for Peasant Affairs4) Secret Committee on Peasant Affairs5) Ministry of the Interior6) State Council7) State Duma8) Provincial noble committees for improving the life of landlord peasants9) Governing Senate Answer: _________________
14. Name the rights and freedoms granted to the peasants by the Manifesto of 18611) the right to engage in entrepreneurship2) the right to leave the peasant community3) elected peasant self-government4) voting rights5) personal freedom6) the right to move to other estates 7) freedom of speech 8) the right to engage in trading operations9) the right to meetings and strikes Answer: _________________
15. Mark the provisions that are the reasons for the abolition of serfdom1) the crisis of the feudal-serf system of management2) the desire to turn Russia from an agrarian into an industrial country3) military-technical backwardness of Russia4) the growth of peasant uprisings, the possibility of a new "Pugachevshchina" in Russia5) pressure from conservative forces6) solve the problem of land shortage of peasants Answer: _________________

ANSWERS:
1. a 2. b 3. d 4. a 5. c 6 d 7. a 8. b 9. c
10.

11.
12.
13. 2,3,4,6,8
14. 1,3,5,6,8
15. 1,3,4

The work contains 20 questions with one answer. For convenience, I divided the work into 2 options - 12 questions each. Choose the type of application that is convenient for you. Recommended grading system: 20-18 - "5", 17-14 - "4", 13-10 - "3", 9-0 - "2" I hope you find the right application for this work. Good luck!

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Testing on the topic “Abolition of serfdom. Liberal reforms of the 60-70s of the XIX century"

2. What are segments?

4. Temporarily liable peasants had to:

5. According to the Manifesto "On the most merciful granting to serfs of the rights of the state of free rural inhabitants and on the organization of their life":

6. Which of the above was one of the prerequisites for the abolition of serfdom?

7. What was the decisive circumstance that prompted Alexander II to carry out a peasant reform?

8. In what year was the Zemstvo reform carried out?

9. Later the rest was held:

10. In what year was the city reform carried out?

11. According to the judicial reform, according to the new judicial charters, the courts were divided into:

12. General service life during the military reform:

13. In the course of the reforms, the management of the III branch began to be carried out by:

14. In the course of the Zemstvo reform, 3 curia were created. Eliminate the excess:

15. In the course of the education reform, the main educational institutions were:

16. Select Outstanding Advocate Speakers:

17. Zemstvo councils were:

18. The highest court was:

19. An appeal against a court decision to a higher judicial body with a view to reviewing this decision is:

20. "The dictatorship of the heart" was called politics:

1 option

1. Serfdom was abolished in:

2. Temporarily liable peasants had to:

A) Pay dues or work off corvee in favor of its former owner;

B) Work for free for the state 2 times a week

c) Participate in community service in your county.

3. According to the Manifesto "On the most merciful granting to serfs of the rights of the state of free rural inhabitants and on the organization of their life":

A) The peasants completely redeemed the land;

B) The peasants paid 50%, the state paid the same amount;

C) The peasants paid 20%, the state 80%.

4. Which of the above was one of the prerequisites for the abolition of serfdom?

A) Mass protests of peasants against duties;

B) Intensive development of natural economy;

C) The desire of the government to stimulate the development of capitalism in Russia.

5. In what year was the Zemstvo reform carried out?

A) 1861 B) 1864 C) 1867 D) 1870

6. Later the rest was held:

A) City reform B) Zemstvo reform C) Judicial reform D) Military reform

7. According to the judicial reform, according to the new judicial charters, the courts were divided into:

A) World and domestic B) World and general C) World and regional

8. In the course of the Zemstvo reform, 3 curia were created. Eliminate the excess:

A) landowning B) nobility C) urban D) rural

9. The highest court was:

A) Trial Chamber B) District Chamber C) Magistrate's Court D) Senate

10. "The dictatorship of the heart" was called politics:

A) N. A. Milyutina B) Alexander II C) M. T. Loris-Melikova D) Ya. I. Rostovtseva

11. What are segments?

A) Land, which was allocated to the peasants under the reform of 1861;

B) Land that was cut off from the landowners in favor of the peasants;

C) Part of the peasant allotment, which turned out to be “superfluous” in comparison with the norm established in 1861.

12. What was the decisive circumstance that prompted Alexander II to carry out a peasant reform?

A) The demand of the nobility to release the peasants;

B) Defeat to the Crimean War;

C) Radishchev's journey "From St. Petersburg to Moscow"

Testing on the topic “Abolition of serfdom. Liberal reforms of the 60-70s of the XIX century "Grade 8

1 option

1. Serfdom was abolished in:

2. What are segments?

A) Land, which was allocated to the peasants under the reform of 1861;

B) Land that was cut off from the landowners in favor of the peasants;

C) Part of the peasant allotment, which turned out to be “superfluous” in comparison with the norm established in 1861.

3. Who is the global mediator?

A) A representative of the nobility, called upon to monitor the implementation of the peasant reform in the field;

B) The representative of the landowners involved in the development of the reform;

C) A representative of the peasant community involved in resolving disputes between the landowner and the peasants;

4. What was the decisive circumstance that prompted Alexander II to carry out a peasant reform?

A) The demand of the nobility to release the peasants;

B) Defeat to the Crimean War;

C) Radishchev's journey "From St. Petersburg to Moscow"

5. Later the rest was held:

A) City reform B) Zemstvo reform C) Judicial reform D) Military reform

6. In what year was the city reform carried out?

A) 1861 B(1864 C) 1865 D) 1870

7. General service life during the military reform:

A) Increased B) Decreased C) Stayed the same

8. In the course of the reforms, the management of the III branch began to be carried out by:

A) M. T. Loris-Melikov B) N. A. Milyutin C) K. D. Kavelin D) Ya. I. Rostovtsev

9. In the course of the education reform, the main educational institutions were:

A) Gymnasiums B) Schools C) Boarding schools D) Parish schools

10. Select Outstanding Advocate Speakers:

A) D. A. Milyutin B) P. V. Annenkov C) F. N. Plevako D) E. I. Totleban

11. Zemstvo councils were:

A) Executive body B) Administrative body C) Judicial body

12. An appeal against a court decision to a higher judicial body with a view to reviewing this decision is:

A) Nihilism B) Appeal C) Rescript

1. For the first time, Alexander II spoke about the need to abolish serfdom in a short speech, which he delivered on March 30, 1856 to representatives

a) the Moscow nobility; b) Petersburg nobility;

c) Moscow merchants; d) Russian clergy.

2. To prepare for the abolition of serfdom, Alexander II formed a special government body on January 3, 1857

a) the Peasants' Committee; b) Special Presence;

c) the Peasant Committee of the ruling Senate; d) Secret Committee.

3. Initially, the government of Alexander II prepared preparations for the abolition of serfdom

a) publicly; b) secretly; c) widely discussed in the press; d) actively attracting Russian landowners.

4. To prepare for the abolition of serfdom, special bodies were established in 46 provinces

a) provincial committees; b) noble committees;

c) land committees; d) peasant committees.

5. To consider materials on the preparation of the abolition of serfdom, developed in the provinces by the landlords in St. Petersburg, editorial commissions were formed, which were headed by General

a) Kankrin; b) Kiselev; c) Rostovtsev; d) Kavelin.

6. In the autumn of 1860, the peasant reform project was ready. He was approved

a) the State Duma; b) State Council; c) the Imperial Council; d) Imperial family.

7. On February 19, 1861, Alexander II signed the manifesto “On the most merciful granting to serfs of the rights of the state of free rural inhabitants and on the organization of their life” and “Regulations on peasants who have emerged from serfdom”. In accordance with these documents, the peasants, receiving freedom, were endowed with land

a) free of charge; b) partly for free and partly for a ransom; c) at the expense of the state; d) for ransom.

8. Segments are

a) the land that the peasants lost under the reform of 1861;

b) a transitional period for peasants from serfdom to freedom;

c) the remains of feudal duties; d) redemption payments for land;

9. Peasants were considered temporarily liable until

a) reaching the age of 40; b) within 5 years after the reform;

c) before the redemption of their land plots;

d) within 7 years after the reform;

10. The legal status of temporarily liable peasants was determined

a) redemption payments; b) Regulations on the abolition of serfdom; c) Manifesto on the abolition of serfdom; d) Statutory letters.

11. The owner of peasant allotments, after the abolition of serfdom was

a) the peasant himself; b) a peasant community; c) a peasant family; d) landowner.

12. Overseeing the implementation of the reform on the ground were to

a) mediators; b) landlords; c) clerks and clerks; d) zemstvo chiefs.

13. In the past, a Decembrist. On the eve of the uprising on December 14, 1825, he informed Nicholas I about the upcoming performance. Into the reign

Alexander II did a lot to free the peasants

a) Ants; b) Pestel; c) Rostovtsev; d) Lunin.

14. February 19, Alexander II chose to sign the most important documents on the peasant reform, as this

a) his birthday b) the day of his coronation; c) the day of his accession to the throne;

d) the day was chosen arbitrarily.

15. According to the reform of 1861, the peasants of each estate united

a) in the parish; b) to the county; c) in rural society; d) a peasant community.

Key to the test.

Question 1. Why do you think Alexander II tried so hard to get the request for the abolition of serfdom to come from the landowners?

Answer. Alexander II was very afraid of opposition from the nobility. Traditionally, the nobility was the backbone of imperial power in Russia, and their resistance could mean the collapse of the regime. It is significant that the emperor personally read out the manifesto adopted as a result only to the most loyal troops. That is why it was important that the landowners themselves asked for the release of the peasants, then there was less fear that they would be outraged. The same measure made it possible to understand exactly how their owners wanted to free the peasants, and thus, again, to avoid indignation on their part.

Question 2. Under what conditions did the emperor stop the abolition of serfdom? Why do you think these conditions were defined?

Answer. Alexander II tried to take into account the interests of the landowners as much as possible, but at the same time, serfdom, nevertheless, had to be abolished, because the conditions turned out to be compromise, according to the apt expression of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov “The great chain broke, it broke - it jumped, one end along the gentleman, the other along the peasant! ". These conditions were as follows:

1) peasants received personal freedom;

2) the landowners handed over to the peasants the land on which their houses with outbuildings stood;

3) peasants had to buy the rest of the land from the landowners;

4) the peasants could redeem the land in accordance with the norm determined by the government, the land that exceeded these norms was “cut off” in favor of the landowner, therefore the peasant lands constantly alternated with the landowners, and most importantly, the peasants had less land to use;

5) the state paid the landowners the amount of land redemption immediately;

6) the peasants repaid this debt to the state for 49 years, and 6% was added to the balance of the debt every year;

7) at the time of payments, the peasants were considered temporarily obliged, not much different from the serfs;

8) not every individual peasant received land, but peasant communities, the land was in common use with their members;

9) the peasants, who did not cultivate the land before the reform, that is, the peasants, did not receive it as a result of the reform, automatically turning into civilian employees (although they usually continued to serve the same master).

Question 3. What do you see the pros and cons of the peasant reform?

Answer. Pros:

1) serfdom was abolished, the age-old dream of the liberals came true;

2) entrepreneurship received an impulse at the expense of the peasants, who were freed from temporary dependence ahead of time;

3) the peasants received civil rights, which, together with other reforms, democratized society;

4) managed to avoid serious indignation on the part of the landlords in the course of the reform.

1) the peasants had less land, which, together with their large number of children, relatively quickly began to ruin them;

2) the landowners lost their main source of income, many of them became impoverished because of this, even despite the redemption payments;

3) the peasants from serfs became temporarily liable, because the labor market was still replenished at the beginning not significantly;

4) the peasants remained part of the communities, because the most enterprising of them could not start their own commercial enterprises.

Task No. 1. The intentions of Alexander II to abolish serfdom were supported by an insignificant part of the landlords, whose farms were involved in market relations. In 1855-1857. they came up with projects for the abolition of serfdom, which provided for various conditions for the liberation of the peasants. Read the summary of three such projects and identify which of them reflected interests:

a) the landlords of the black earth zone, where corvée farming, designed for the market, prevailed, and where the land was especially highly valued for its fertility

b) landlords of non-chernozem provinces, where quitrent prevailed and non-agricultural peasant crafts were developed: gathering. fishing, cattle breeding

c) the landlords of the steppe zone, sparsely populated, with a predominance of large-scale landlord farming: agriculture, manufacturing

1. A. M. Unkovsky proposed to free the peasants with land without any kind of “transitional state”, that is, immediately, but with remuneration for the landowners both for the land provided to the peasants and “for the liberated peasants themselves”

2. Yu. F. Samarin provided for a gradual 10-12-year transfer of peasants from serfdom to a free state. During this time, the peasants had to work out the obligatory corvée as payment for the land provided to them.

3. MP Posen proposed to leave the lion's share of the land to the landowners, and to give the peasants a minimum amount of it, and only so that the peasants would not rush to the city, but remain in the countryside, since the landowners needed working hands

Task number 2. Give written answers to questions

1. Why was it decided to release the peasants from the land?

2. Why was it decided to release the peasants for ransom?

1. It was important to leave the peasants in the village, tying them to the ground

2. To compensate landowners for economic losses from the loss of peasant duties

Task number 3. Solve the problem

Before the abolition of serfdom, the peasant paid the landowner a quitrent equal to 12 rubles. What will be the redemption amount? How much should a peasant pay a landowner to be considered free?

12 × 100: 6=200 (rubles)

Task number 4. Choose the correct answer

1. Which peasants were considered temporarily liable:

a) peasants who did not conclude redemption deals with their landowners after the announcement of the reform

b) peasants who signed up for the people's militia

c) state peasants?

2. Temporarily liable peasants had to:

a) pay dues or serve corvee in favor of its former owner

b) work for the state for free 2 times a week

c) take part in public works in his county

3. What are segments:

a) the land that was allocated to the peasants under the reform of 1861.

b) land that was cut off from the landowners in favor of the peasants

c) part of the peasant allotment, which turned out to be “superfluous” in comparison with the norm established in 1861

4. Who is a conciliator:

a) a representative of the landowners participating in the development of the peasant reform

b) a representative of the peasant community involved in resolving disputes between the landowner and the peasants

c) a representative of the nobility, called upon to monitor the implementation of the peasant reform in the field

Task number 5. Based on the data below, formulate and write down conclusions about the nature of the peasant reform

1. The average allotment of a peasant before the reform was 4.4 acres, after the reform - 3.6 acres

2. In the Moscow province, a peasant family, on average, had to pay 500 rubles for land. At the same time, the hut cost 30-40 rubles, the horse 15-20 rubles

3. The cost of peasant land was estimated at 500 million rubles, but the peasants paid 1.5 billion rubles

The reform was predatory in relation to the peasantry and was carried out with the condition of causing the least harm to the landowners at the expense of the peasants. In fact, only the name “serfs” was changed to “temporarily liable”. Having received "freedom", the peasants remained tied to a small plot of land, for the use of which the former duties were preserved, and at the same time they also turned out to be debtors

Task number 6. Many peasants did not want to believe what was written in the tsar's manifesto. Among the peasants, people appeared who convinced them that the tsar's manifesto had been replaced by officials, and offered their own interpretations of this document. Read the "Manifesto of Freedom", compiled by the peasants of the Lebedinsky district of the Kharkov province in April 1861. Opposite the articles of the peasant manifesto, write down what measures were provided for on these problems in the government version

Peasant Manifesto	Royal Manifesto
Article 2	Corvee for men was 40 days, for women - 30
Article 3	Before the redemption of land plots, peasants must pay dues or serve corvee
Article 4	The peasants were in a temporarily obligated state until the conclusion of a redemption deal
Article V	The peasants still cultivate the lands of the landlords, and the amount of duties of the peasants is determined by the Charter
Article 7. The pan must build a hut with outbuildings for the yard servants of each family, give a horse, a cow, a plow, a harrow, and all household items, and 100 rubles each. ser. for each, and if he does not fulfill this, then all his property and buildings will be sold and distributed to the world	Yard peasants were freed without land and estates and over the next two years had to remain completely dependent on the landowner.
Article 8	The peasants were allocated plots not exceeding the norm established by law, and the surplus was "cut off" in favor of the landlords, who retained most of the land