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Latin name: Acetylsalicylic acid

ATX Code: B01AC06

Active substance: Acetylsalicylic acid (Acetylsalicylic acid)

Producer: Borisov Plant of Medical Preparations (Republic of Belarus), Dalkhimfarm, Irbit Chemical Pharmaceutical Plant, Moscow Pharmaceutical Factory, Tatkhimfarmpreparaty, Pharmstandard-Leksredstva (Russia), JQC (Huayin) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Hebei Jiheng (Group ) Pharmaceutical Co. (China), Novasil (France)

The description applies to: 26.10.17

Instructions for use:

Acetylsalicylic acid is a drug with a pronounced anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and antiplatelet (reduces platelet aggregation) effect.

pharmachologic effect

The mechanism of action of acetylsalicylic acid is due to its ability to interfere with the synthesis of prostaglandins, which play a major role in the development of inflammatory processes, fever and pain.

A decrease in the number of prostaglandins in the center of thermoregulation leads to vasodilation and an increase in sweating, which causes the antipyretic effect of the drug. In addition, the use of acetylsalicylic acid can reduce the sensitivity of nerve endings to pain mediators by reducing the effect of prostaglandins on them. When taken orally, the maximum concentration of acetylsalicylic acid in the blood can be observed after 10-20 minutes, and the salicylate formed as a result of metabolism - after 0.3-2 hours. Acetylsalicylic acid is excreted through the kidneys, the half-life is 20 minutes, the half-life for salicylate is 2 hours.

Indications for the use of Acetylsalicylic acid

Acetylsalicylic acid, the indications for which are due to its properties, is prescribed for:

• acute rheumatic fever, pericarditis (inflammation of the serous membrane of the heart), rheumatoid arthritis (damage to the connective tissue and small vessels), rheumatic chorea (manifested by involuntary muscle contractions), Dressler's syndrome (combination of pericarditis with inflammation of the pleura or pneumonia);
• pain syndrome of mild and moderate intensity: migraine, headache, toothache, pain during menstruation, osteoarthritis, neuralgia, pain in the joints, muscles;
• diseases of the spine, accompanied by pain: sciatica, lumbago, osteochondrosis;
• febrile syndrome;
• the need to develop tolerance to anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with the "aspirin triad" (a combination of bronchial asthma, nasal polyps and intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid) or "aspirin" asthma;
• prevention of myocardial infarction in coronary heart disease or in the prevention of relapse;
• the presence of risk factors for painless myocardial ischemia, coronary heart disease, unstable angina;
• prevention of thromboembolism (blockage of a vessel by a thrombus), valvular mitral heart disease, prolapse (dysfunction) of the mitral valve, atrial fibrillation (loss of atrial muscle fibers of the ability to work synchronously);
• acute thrombophlebitis (inflammation of the vein wall and the formation of a blood clot that closes the lumen in it), pulmonary infarction (blockage of the vessel supplying the lung by a thrombus), recurrent pulmonary embolism.

Instructions for use Acetylsalicylic acid

Acetylsalicylic acid tablets are intended for oral administration, it is recommended to take after meals with milk, plain or alkaline mineral water.

For adults, the instruction recommends using acetylsalicylic acid 3-4 times a day, 1-2 tablets (500-1000 mg), while the maximum daily dose is 6 tablets (3 g). The maximum duration of the use of acetylsalicylic acid is 14 days.

In order to improve the rheological properties of blood, as well as an inhibitor of platelet adhesion, ½ tablet of acetylsalicylic acid is prescribed per day for several months. For myocardial infarction and for the prevention of secondary myocardial infarction, the instruction for acetylsalicylic acid recommends taking 250 mg per day. Dynamic disorders of cerebral circulation and cerebral thromboembolism suggest taking ½ tablet of acetylsalicylic acid with a gradual increase in the dose to 2 tablets per day.

Acetylsalicylic acid is prescribed for children in the following single doses: over 2 years old - 100 mg, 3 years old - 150 mg, four years old - 200 mg, over 5 years old - 250 mg. Children are recommended to take acetylsalicylic acid 3-4 times a day.

Side effects

Acetylsalicylic acid, the use should be discussed with the doctor, can provoke side effects such as:

• vomiting, nausea, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, abnormal liver function;
• visual disturbances, headache, aseptic meningitis, tinnitus, dizziness;
• anemia, thrombocytopenia;
• prolongation of bleeding time, hemorrhagic syndrome;
• impaired renal function, nephrotic syndrome, acute renal failure;
• bronchospasm, angioedema. skin rash, "aspirin triad";
• Reye's syndrome, increased symptoms of chronic heart failure.

Contraindications to the use of Acetylsalicylic acid

Acetylsalicylic acid is not prescribed for:

• gastrointestinal bleeding;
• erosive and ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract in the acute phase;
• "aspirin triad";
• reactions to the use of acetylsalicylic acid or other anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of rhinitis, urticaria;
• hemorrhagic diathesis (diseases of the blood system, which are characterized by a tendency to increased bleeding);
• hemophilia (slow blood clotting and increased bleeding);
• hypoprothrombinemia (increased tendency to bleed due to a deficiency of prothrombin in the blood);
• dissecting aortic aneurysm (pathological additional false lumen in the thickness of the aortic wall);
• portal hypertension;
• vitamin K deficiency;
• kidney or liver failure;
• deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;
• Reye's syndrome (serious damage to the liver and brain in children as a result of the treatment of viral infections with aspirin).

Acetylsalicylic acid is contraindicated in children under 15 years of age with acute respiratory infections caused by viral infections, nursing patients, as well as pregnant women in the first and third trimester.

Even if the use of the drug suggests indications, acetylsalicylic acid is not prescribed for hypersensitivity to it or other salicylates.

Additional Information

According to the instructions, acetylsalicylic acid should not be stored in a place where the air temperature can rise above 25 ° C. In a dry place and at room temperature, the drug will be suitable for 4 years.

Acitylsalicylic acid, or, as it is popularly called, aspirin, is a very common drug. With the help of this drug they bring down the temperature, treat fever, anesthetize and even save themselves from a hangover.

But what are the harms and benefits of aspirin, not many people know. Most importantly, it helped! This is the wrong approach to drug treatment. Like other drugs, aspirin has a light and a dark side. In this article, we will consider such issues as the harm and benefits of aspirin, areas of application, restrictions and indications for use.

From the history

This type of acid has been known for a very long time. How to get it? From willow bark. Its healing and analgesic properties were noticed by Hippocrates and medieval herbalists. But willow was a valuable raw material for light industry, so it was forgotten in the field of pharmaceuticals for several centuries.

Whom to thank for the re-emergence of aspirin? The triumphant return was organized by Napoleon during the blockade of Europe. The problem was that they stopped importing quinine, which was popular among antipyretics. Then aspirin treatment came to replace it, only at that time it was known as But the taste of this remedy left much to be desired, and it irritated the mucous membranes.

How did the name "Aspirin" come about? It all happened in 1899. Felix Hofmann obtained a pure derivative of salicylic acid. Then a German company patented it and gave the name "Aspirin".

Application

Initially, the drug was used in the form of a powder, but over time it gained popularity. What are the harms and benefits of aspirin? To begin with, it was originally prescribed to patients who suffered from inflammation of the pleura and bladder. But later they noticed that it helps with other diseases, such as gonorrhea or tuberculosis.

The benefits of aspirin are certainly great. Why is he so versatile? Everything is explained very simply: every human cell has a protective shell. When under any influence it breaks through, is released arachidonic acid. Together with other enzymes, it signals a breakdown (fever, fever, inflammation). Is it possible to drink aspirin in such cases? Of course, it reduces the release of enzymes, thereby inhibiting inflammatory processes.

Cardiovascular diseases

Aspirin helps with a large number of diseases, influenza and acute respiratory infections are not limited. For example, let's take cardiovascular diseases that are very common in our country. Aspirin is often used to thin the blood. How to take and how long the course of treatment lasts, we will describe a little later.

The thing is that acetylsalicylic acid is able to thin the blood, thereby reducing the risk of blood clots, and as a result, it significantly reduces the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Note that a large dose of aspirin can help with a heart attack that has already happened. It reduces mortality by twenty-three percent.

Cancer

The results of a study by American scientists revealed another useful property of acetylsalicylic acid. They describe how to take aspirin for a year. If you use this drug for a year, the disease does not progress, the tumor shrinks, and the risk of metastases is significantly reduced.

There is one "but": the study of aspirin in this area is not yet sufficiently supported by facts, so it cannot be included in anticancer therapy.

Pregnancy

The harms and benefits of aspirin do not apply equally to all populations. We suggest you separately study the effect of aspirin during pregnancy.

Any drug you take can harm the mother and unborn baby during pregnancy. Even the most innocuous drugs have restrictions or warnings about taking expectant mothers. Even vitamins, and those are not always allowed, and not any.

Aspirin is very difficult to call a safe remedy for a pregnant girl, but many doctors prescribe it for prevention. How to understand them? The thing is that acetylsalicylic acid can harm only in the first and third trimesters.

Risks

Why these particular periods? Everything is explained quite simply. In the first trimester of pregnancy, the formation of the internal organs of the baby occurs, so aspirin can harm this process. In the third trimester, the risk is due to the fact that it thins the blood, as a result of which there may be a large loss of blood during childbirth.

Some doctors do not recommend taking this drug to their wards, so they find a less dangerous replacement for it. Why? Because aspirin has an aggressive composition and has many side effects. As for the question: "Benefits of aspirin and harm, what more?" - it's up to you to decide. The reverse side of aspirin is presented below.

Side effects

The following are common:

• nausea;
• diarrhea;
• anorexia;
• impaired liver / kidney function;
• the formation of asthma;
• anemia;
• leukopenia;
• ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
• bleeding;
• hearing loss;
• swelling.

Harm during pregnancy

• the risk of miscarriage;
• complications during pregnancy;
• overwearing;
• risk of placental abruption;
• cardiac and pulmonary complications in a child;
• bleeding during childbirth.

Why do pregnant women need aspirin?

If you are used to using this drug for headaches, fever, then it's time to give it up. A good substitute would be safe during pregnancy paracetamol.

However, some people simply need to drink aspirin if, for example, in these cases, the child does not receive oxygen well, which threatens with a miscarriage. If a woman has found this problem or is at risk, then a quarter of an aspirin tablet is prescribed per day.

It is also prescribed for varicose veins, but there are also less dangerous drugs, for example, Curantil. If the situation is not critical, then instead of drug treatment, it is recommended to use foods that thin the blood: cranberries, carrots, beets.

Aspirin for blood thinning: how to take, dosage

Often in colloquial speech there is a concept Do not take everything literally. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting. Over time, strong hormonal changes occur in the human body. Substances appear in the blood that affect the rate of platelet aggregation, which leads to the formation of blood clots (thrombi). They are the cause of sudden death of people.

It is necessary to think about this issue at the age of forty. Taking aspirin daily reduces the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Note that many do not have enough patience for all the treatment, they finish the course earlier than expected. But only daily and long-term use of drugs containing aspirin will help in this problem.

The choice of medicine should be given to the doctor, only he will be able to choose the right drug that will not harm your health. Who should pay special attention? People who have a family history of heart attacks and strokes. Hemorrhoids and varicose veins are also signals.

"Aspirin": instruction, price

Dosage and method of application depends on the purpose of the reception. If we are talking about prevention, then it should be taken for life when a certain age is reached. You need to drink one tablet in the evening with water. Why drink at night? It is at this time of day that the likelihood of blood clots is high. In emergency situations, the tablet must be chewed and placed under the tongue.

The daily dose for prevention is 100 mg, for treatment - 300 mg. As a rule, aspirin is sold in a pharmacy with a dosage of 500 mg, so you should be careful. Overdose can aggravate the overall clinical picture and lead to an increased rate of blood clots.

Are there analogues for this drug? Definitely yes:

• "Aspecard";
• "Cardiomagnyl";
• "Warfarin".

To thin the blood, you can not limit yourself to taking aspirin. You need to seriously rethink your diet. It should include fruits, vegetables, berries, fish, a large amount of liquid.

Prices for acetylsalicylic acid range from one hundred to five hundred rubles.

Acetylsalicylic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Produced in the form of tablets.

Pharmacological action of acetylsalicylic acid

In accordance with the instructions for Acetylsalicylic acid, the active ingredient of the drug is acetylsalicylic acid. Excipients in the composition of the tablets are citric acid and potato starch.

When used, Acetylsalicylic acid has analgesic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects on the body.

Acetylsalicylic acid tablets effectively eliminate headaches, feverish conditions, neuralgia, and rheumatism.

The anti-inflammatory property of the drug is due to its influence on the processes that occur directly in the focus of inflammation.

The antipyretic property of Acetylsalicylic acid is associated with the effect of the active substance on the hypothalamic centers of the brain responsible for thermoregulation.

The analgesic property is due to the effect on the centers of the nervous system, which are responsible for pain sensitivity.

The instructions for Acetylsalicylic acid indicate that the drug inhibits the activity of the cyclooxygenase enzyme, which leads to a disruption in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Due to this, the sensitivity of peripheral nerve endings is dulled in relation to various pain mediators, the severity of inflammation decreases, and the effect on the thermoregulation center also decreases.

When administered orally, the drug is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption stops with the advancement of the drug into the small intestine and an increase in the level of acidity. Acetylsalicylic acid tablets have high bioavailability. The substance is metabolized in the liver with the formation of several metabolites. The period of complete elimination of the drug from the body depends on the age of the patient and the amount of the drug taken. In adults, this period is 4-40 hours. When taking Acetylsalicylic acid in children, the elimination time of the drug is reduced. Excreted from the body through the kidneys.

Acetylsalicylic acid freely penetrates the blood-brain barrier into the synovial fluid, as well as breast milk.

Indications for the use of Acetylsalicylic acid

Indications for acetylsalicylic acid are:

• Acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic chorea, Dressler's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis;
• Diseases of the spine, which are accompanied by pain syndromes (lumbago, sciatica, osteochondrosis);
• Migraine, headaches, joint, muscle, menstrual and toothaches, neuralgia, osteoarthritis;
• feverish syndrome;
• Ischemic heart disease, thromboembolism, atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction (as a prophylactic);
• Acute thrombophlebitis, pulmonary infarction.

Method of application and dosage

Acetylsalicylic acid tablets should be taken orally after meals with plenty of water or milk.

In accordance with the instructions Acetylsalicylic acid for adults is prescribed 1-2 tablets (500-1000 mg) 3-4 times a day. The daily dose should not exceed 6 tablets. The maximum duration of the course of therapy is 2 weeks.

To improve the rheological properties of blood and as an inhibitor of platelet adhesion in myocardial infarction, ½ tablet of the drug is recommended daily. The duration of the use of Acetylsalicylic acid is 2-3 months.

Acetylsalicylic acid for children aged 2-3 years is prescribed at a dosage of 100 mg, children 3-4 years old should take 150 mg, 4-5 years old - 200 mg, over 5 years old, 250 mg of the drug is recommended. The frequency of taking Acetylsalicylic acid by children is 3-4 times a day.

Contraindications for use

Acetylsalicylic acid is not prescribed if the patient has such diseases and conditions as:

• Gastrointestinal bleeding;
• Aspirin triad;
• Exacerbations of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract;
• Reactions to the use of acetylsalicylic acid and other anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of urticaria and rhinitis;
• Hemorrhagic diathesis;
• Hemophilia;
• Hypoprothrombinemia;
• portal hypertension;
• Dissecting aortic aneurysm;
• Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;
• Vitamin K deficiency;
• Renal and liver failure;
• Reye's syndrome.

Also, Acetylsalicylic acid is contraindicated in pregnant women, during lactation and with hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Side effects of acetylsalicylic acid

When using Acetylsalicylic acid, patients may experience such adverse reactions from the body as:

• Nausea;
• Stomach ache;
• Anorexia;
• Diarrhea;
• Bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract;
• Erosive and ulcerative lesions;
• Headaches, dizziness;
• Noise in ears;
• Violations of the functions of the organs of vision;
• Anemia, thrombocytopenia;
• Violations of the liver and kidneys;
• hemorrhagic syndrome;
• Skin rash;
• Bronchospasm;
• Quincke's edema;
• Increased signs of chronic heart failure;
• Reye's syndrome;
• Aspirin triad.

Overdose

When taking Acetylsalicylic acid tablets in quantities significantly higher than recommended, electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders occur.

In accordance with reviews of Acetylsalicylic acid, patients with an overdose experience nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, visual and hearing impairment, confusion, drowsiness, tremor, dehydration.

In rare cases, during therapy with Acetylsalicylic acid, coma and metabolic acidosis are noted.

Additional Information

Therapy with the drug should be carried out only if there are direct indications for Acetylsalicylic acid and under the supervision of the attending physician.

The instructions for Acetylsalicylic acid indicate that the medicine should be stored in a dark, cool and out of the reach of children.

Shelf life - 48 months.

From pharmacies, Acetylsalicylic acid is dispensed over the counter.

Name:

Acetylsalicylic acid (Acidum acetylsalicylicum)

Pharmacological
action:

Acetylsalicylic acid It has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects. It is widely used in febrile conditions (high body temperature), headaches, neuralgia (pain that spreads along the nerve), etc., and as an antirheumatic agent.
Anti-inflammatory action acetylsalicylic acid is explained by its influence on the processes occurring in the focus of inflammation.
Antipyretic action It is also associated with the effect on the hypothalamic (located in the brain) centers of thermoregulation. The analgesic (pain-relieving) effect is due to the effect on the centers of pain sensitivity located in the central nervous system.
One of the main mechanisms of action of acetylsalicylic acid is inactivation(suppression of activity) of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (an enzyme involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins), as a result of which the synthesis of prostaglandins is disrupted. (Prostaglandins are biologically active substances produced in the body. Their role in the body is extremely multifaceted, in particular, they are responsible for the appearance of pain and swelling at the site of inflammation).
Violation of the synthesis of prostaglandins leads to loss of sensitivity of peripheral nerve endings to kinins and other inflammatory and pain mediators (transmitters).
Due to a violation of the synthesis of prostaglandins, the severity of inflammation and their pyrogenic (increasing body temperature) effect on the thermoregulation center decreases. In addition, the influence of prostaglandins on sensitive nerve endings decreases, leading to a decrease in their sensitivity to pain mediators. It also has antiaggregatory action.

Indications for
application:

Acetylsalicylic acid has wide application as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agent.
An important feature acetylsalicylic acid is the ability of the drug to have an antiaggregatory effect, inhibit spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation.

Rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious-allergic myocarditis;
- fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases;
- pain syndrome of low and medium intensity of various origins (including neuralgia, myalgia, headache);
- prevention of thrombosis and embolism;
- primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction;
- prevention of cerebrovascular accidents by ischemic type.

Mode of application:

In the form of tablets administered orally after meals. Usual doses for adults as an analgesic and antipyretic (for febrile illnesses, headaches, migraines, neuralgia, etc.) 0.25-0.5-1 g 3-4 times a day; for children, depending on age - from 0.1 to 0.3 g per reception.
For rheumatism, infectious-allergic myocarditis (heart disease), rheumatoid arthritis (an infectious-allergic disease from the group of collagenoses, characterized by chronic progressive inflammation of the joints) is prescribed for a long time for adults at 2-3 g (less often 4 g) per day, for children 0.2 g per year of life per day. A single dose for children aged 1 year is 0.05 g, 2 years - 0.1 g, 3 years - 0.15 g, 4 years - 0.2 g. .25 g per reception.
Also use soluble form of aspirin- Acylpyrine soluble. With fever (a sharp increase in body temperature) and / or pain syndrome, 1-2 tablets of 0.5 g are prescribed in a single dose. If necessary, the drug is taken again at the same dose. The maximum daily dose is 6 tablets. In acute rheumatism, a daily dose of 100 mg / kg of body weight is prescribed in 5-6 doses. Single doses for children depend on age and are: children under 6 months. - 50-100 mg; from 6 months up to 1 year - 100-150 mg; from 1 year to 6 years - 150-250 mg; from 6 to 15 years - 250-500 mg; appoint 3 times a day. The drug is used at the end of a meal or immediately after a meal. Immediately before use, the tablet must be dissolved in "/ 2 cups of water.

Side effects:

From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, epigastric pain, diarrhea; rarely - the occurrence of erosive and ulcerative lesions, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, impaired liver function.
From the CNS: with prolonged use, dizziness, headache, reversible visual impairment, tinnitus, aseptic meningitis are possible.
From the hematopoietic system: rarely - thrombocytopenia, anemia.
From the blood coagulation system: rarely - hemorrhagic syndrome, prolongation of bleeding time.
From the urinary system: rarely - impaired renal function; with prolonged use - acute renal failure, nephrotic syndrome.
allergic reactions: rarely - skin rash, Quincke's edema, bronchospasm, "aspirin triad" (a combination of bronchial asthma, recurrent polyposis of the nose and paranasal sinuses and intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid and pyrazolone drugs).

Contraindications:

Chronic or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (including history), increased tendency to hemorrhage, kidney disease, concomitant treatment with anticoagulants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, AD, impaired renal or hepatic function, pregnancy, hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid and other salicylates.

Interaction
other medicinal
by other means:

With the simultaneous use with anticoagulants increased risk of bleeding.
With the simultaneous use with other NSAIDs the side effects of the latter increase, including the increased risk of developing gastropathy. Against the background of treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, the nephrotoxic effect of methotrexate is aggravated, with its simultaneous use with oral hypoglycemic drugs - sulfonylurea derivatives - an increase in the hypoglycemic effect is noted.
With the simultaneous use with GKS increases the risk of developing gastropathy and gastrointestinal bleeding. Acetylsalicylic acid weakens the effect of spironolactone, furosemide, antihypertensive drugs and drugs used for gout.

Pregnancy:

It should be borne in mind that taking salicylates (in high doses) in the first 3 months. pregnancy has been linked in many epidemiological studies x at high risk of malformations(cleft palate, heart defects). However, at normal therapeutic doses, this risk appears to be small, as a study of approximately 3,200 mother-child pairs found no association with an increase in malformations. In the last 3 months Pregnancy, taking salicylates can lead to a lengthening of the pregnancy period and weakening of labor pains. The mother and child had an increased tendency to bleed. When taking acetylsalicylic acid by the mother shortly before childbirth, newborns (especially premature ones) may experience intracranial bleeding.
During breastfeeding when taking the drug in normal doses, interruption of breastfeeding is usually not required. With regular intake of large doses of the drug, the issue of stopping breastfeeding should be resolved.
Without medical supervision the drug should be taken only in normal doses and only for a few days.