At what temperature do mushrooms grow in spring? Mushrooms after the rain. Why is the forest "empty"

At air temperatures above 30-35 ° C, the growth of fungi is inhibited. It often happens that mushrooms actively bear fruit as many times as there are heavy rains.

Many edible mushrooms form fruiting bodies only under a certain degree of illumination - from complete darkness (champignons) to bright sun (meadow mushrooms).

Most edible mushrooms prefer slightly acidic soils, avoiding wetlands. Economic activities carried out in the forest significantly affect the growth and development of fungi.

So, for example, when 15-30% of trees are cut down and the access of light and moisture to the soil surface increases, fungi appear earlier and their yield is higher than in plantations where no cuttings were carried out. A sharp change in the species composition of fungi occurs after clear felling of forest stands.

Fruiting bodies grow rapidly, hence the expression "grow like mushrooms." In many species, they reach an average size in 3-6 days and can grow up to 8-12 days or more. The most rapid growth of fruiting bodies is observed in the first days.

For example, a boletus in the early days can increase by 4-5 cm per day with a relatively small increase in weight. However, in most cases, the increase in height is much smaller and averages 1-1.5 cm per day.

The growth of mushrooms in height stops 1-2 days earlier than the growth of the cap. The latter grows along the edge, so it often turns out that the edges are overgrown with foreign objects, or two copies grow together.

The growth rate of fruiting bodies is slowed down by insects that settle in them. Therefore, in lean years, when most of the fruiting bodies are inhabited by insects, caprophores of large sizes are relatively rare.

Fruiting bodies grow faster in rainy and warm weather. In autumn, growth can sometimes last up to a month.

In general, consider that the average weight of the fruiting body of the white fungus is 200-250 g; already on the fourth day, its average weight is about 160 g. There are reports that individual fruiting bodies reached 7.5 kg. But such finds are rare.

After the formation of spores, the fruiting bodies of fungi age very quickly. True, autumn mushrooms are hard and remain relatively long in cool weather.

The same species bears fruit differently depending on the period (layer). Boletus, boletus, white fungus and butterflies appear in Polissya in the second half of May, when rye begins to ear or haymaking begins. Therefore, the mushrooms of this layer are called spikelets or haymakers. Fruiting at this time is not plentiful and lasts, in general, up to ten days.

Fruiting bodies are most often found along forest edges, glades, wide clearings, old roads, as well as well-warmed young pine forests. The yield of the first layer, the development of mycelium is strongly influenced by the supply of winter moisture and the conditions of the previous autumn.

The second period (layer) of fruiting occurs in July, when many species appear, but the yield is low in most years.

The third layer starts from the second half of August and ends in October. At this time, almost all edible species grow, with the exception of early spring ones (lines, morels, garden entoloma, May calocybe and some others).

Soil moisture by this time rises, nights lengthen and temperatures decrease, which gives impetus to mass fruiting. The duration of mass fruiting for different species and in different years is not the same.

For example, in the late oiler in the conditions of the Volyn region, the most intensive fruiting lasts from 5 days to 3 weeks. These dates come at the end of August - the beginning of September. In the future, the intensity of the formation of fruiting bodies decreases.

Mass fruiting of the white fungus in the third layer lasts up to 3-4 weeks and occurs mainly in September in harvest years. In September - October, greenfinches and other rows, honey agarics, etc., massively bear fruit.

In most years, the harvest in the first and second layers is of little value due to the high worminess of the mushrooms.

Experienced mushroom pickers judge the possibility of the appearance of mushrooms in the forest according to a number of signs. For example, in the spring, when male aspen inflorescences fall, lines and morels appear.

The beginning of the flowering of mountain ash is a signal of the onset of the first mushroom layer, when white fungus, boletus, boletus, boletus appear. Ivanchay blooms - the onset of the second mushroom layer, and when the birch leaves begin to turn yellow - the third.

The appearance of some mushrooms indicates the possible appearance of others. So, after a pink wave, a ginger appears. In turn, the red fly agaric indicates the possible appearance of white fungus.

Mushrooms are characterized by a certain sequence of fruiting, and the people are well aware of this. The proverbs are very instructive: "Russula went before the whites - there is nothing to do in the forest with a basket"; "If the mushrooms appeared early, the mushroom layer will be thin."

Much has been written about this topic in popular magazines. You can add that it all depends on what kind you collect. The favorite object of "quiet hunting", of course, is the porcini mushroom. By the way, in some countries of Western Europe, as well as some nationalities of Siberia, they do not take it.

Local mushroom pickers usually know mushroom places and visit them at about the same time every year (under similar weather conditions).

The mushroom picker forms several fruiting bodies, therefore, having found one mushroom, you should look for another, etc. In a word, when they find the first mushroom, they begin to walk in a circle or spiral. But to find the first mushroom, you need to look at a significant area.

If the site is heterogeneous, and the mushroom picker "caught" the confinement of fruiting to a certain type of vegetation or forest structure, then he simply makes transitions from one site to another and already walks in a circle there. For example, you made sure that, due to weather conditions, mushrooms come across only under moss, and the cover of the latter in the forest is not continuous.

In this case, they move from one area covered with moss to another, and then they walk in a circle. In an artificial forest in homogeneous areas, it is convenient to walk along parallel routes along rows of plantings.

Collecting honey agaric, for example, comes down to searching for shrunken trees or stumps. In rainy seasons, mushrooms often grow on the trunks of dried birch trees. From one tree you can cut a basket of mushrooms. In the spruce forest there are a lot of them on dead wood.

It is important to know the ecological features of mushrooms, which facilitates the search. So, for example, mushrooms love to grow in sparse young pine forests among the grass, and moreover in large groups. There they should be looked for.

Maslyata are most often collected in pine crops 5-20 years old, moving along the rows.

Greenfinches like to grow in large groups in sandy areas. However, fruiting bodies are very often immersed in sand and hardly visible.

And so you found a group of beautiful mushrooms. How to take them? The best connoisseur of edible mushrooms in our country, B.P. Vasilkov, answered the question of the correspondent of the magazine "Forest Nov" as follows: " Mushrooms are harvested in two ways: plucked or cut.

When tearing off the fruiting body mushroom, aspen and other large sponge fungus, the mycelium is not pulled out of the ground, but breaks off at the place where it passes into the fruiting body, therefore, it is not significantly damaged. It can be considered that one method or another is indifferent for the mycelium.

But he is not indifferent to the picker: he takes pleasure in picking a mushroom, and only then cutting off the tip of the stem to make sure that it is not damaged by worms (this is how wood fly larvae and red wood ants are commonly called). In porcini mushroom and boletus, a significant part of the thick leg is located in the soil, and it is simply a pity to leave it to rot there.

What's really no way not to do is to scatter the forest floor looking for mushrooms. With such a predatory method of collection, the mycelium is seriously damaged and the embryos of fungi die.

Mushrooms are best collected in Lubyanka or in wicker baskets, at the bottom of which a sheet of paper is placed. Fruiting bodies, if possible, are laid with plates or tubes downwards, otherwise sand will be packed into the folds of the hymenophore, which is difficult to wash out. In no case should mushrooms be compacted. Buckets or plastic utensils are inconvenient.

In the summer, moistened fleshy mushrooms in buckets or plastic dishes heat up after a few hours, stick together, and it is difficult to disassemble them at home. In cold weather, mushrooms, greenfinches and others are often collected in bags (with a good harvest). However, at home they are immediately poured out.

It's very easy to get lost while you're walking the mushroom trails, winding through the forest, especially if you can't see the sun. In that case, I can give you some advice. Once on a well-trodden road, do not leave it. And remember.

All our forests (except mountain forests) are divided into square or rectangular blocks measuring 1X1, 1X2 and 0.5X0.5 km. The quarters are demarcated by clearings up to 6 m wide.

At the corners of the quarters there are quarter poles, and on them are the numbers of the quarters. It is not superfluous to know that quarterly clearings are oriented from west to east and from south to north. So the gaps between the inscriptions (and if the pillars are quadrangular, then the ribs) are oriented in the direction of north - south and east - west.

There are several possible names for this category of mushrooms: aspen, redhead, red, but in life the name boletus is more common and more familiar to the ear. This type of mushroom belongs to the group of representatives of the leccinums, the general similarity of which lies in the presence of a bright red-orange hue of the cap. Although in nature you can also find boletus with a white fruit surface. The boletus is so called not only because of the place of its growth, but also due to the amazing similarity of color with red-crimson aspen leaves. The foliage of the tree falls with the advent of the autumn season and merges with the mushrooms growing under it due to the absolutely identical tone of the mushroom caps and leaves.

boletus mushroom also called obabk, chelysh, aspen or red-headed. This is an edible mushroom that grows in mixed forests, its mycorrhiza (mycelium) is associated with aspen, very often it is found in aspen forests or near aspens. It has a reddish-orange cap, a stocky leg with dark “scales” and dense flesh that turns blue when cut. All types of boletus are edible and taste similar.

boletus often called the red mushroom. Young boletus with reddish caps are very noticeable in the forest, but the color may vary depending on the forest, species or age of the fungus. In mature boletus, the hat turns gray and turns brown, becomes not so bright and approaches in color the hats of boletus. The boletus has a rather high leg (up to 15 cm) with characteristic dark gray “scales”. On the cut, the fungus always turns blue and even blackens - this is the main distinguishing feature. The change in color does not affect the taste - the boletus is very tasty and rightfully takes second place after the taste properties.

There are three main types of boletus: yellow-brown, white and red.

How long and when does the mushroom grow

The question of when it is worth going on a "silent hunt" does not require complex answers. Aspens grow from the soil in layers, like most other names of mushrooms. The first layer is the so-called spikelets, which indicates their collection during the harvest of winter crops. The best time for spikelets is the beginning of June, but their harvest is not particularly impressive.

The peak of forest fruit yield is in mid-summer - July. Do not forget that the red-headed mushroom is also an autumn mushroom, as it grows with slight pauses on suitable soil areas until the first frosts of October. How much does the boletus grow? Surprisingly short: the daily weight gain of each fruit is about 20 g, and the full life cycle of one mushroom is about eleven days. Likes weather with an average temperature of +18°C.

The only factor that significantly impedes the growth and development of fungi is if sharp jumps and changes in the regime are observed at a temperature during the day. Such conditions are extremely unfavorable for fruits, since redheads are sensitive to them.

yellow-brown boletus

It grows in mixed deciduous forests: spruce-birch, birch-aspen. Grows in groups or singly. Often grows under broad fern leaves. Appears in the first half of June and stops growing with the first frosts. The cap is convex, cushion-shaped, with a skin hanging down at the edges (in mature mushrooms). The color of the cap is brownish-yellow or orange. The tubular layer is whitish. The leg is massive, high, has a thickening from below. On the leg there are "scales" of dark gray color. The pulp is dense, white at first, but then the cut turns pink and quickly turns blue and even blackens. When processed, the mushrooms darken, when dried, they become almost black.

white boletus

Found in damp pine or spruce-pine forests. In hot dry summers it appears in aspen forests. The cap can reach 25 cm in diameter, at first hemispherical, then convex and cushion-shaped. The color of young mushrooms is white, then gray and in mature ones dirty gray with a brownish tinge. The leg is high, thickened from below with white or brown "scales". At the base of the leg may be blue-green in color. At a break, the mushroom quickly turns blue and becomes dark purple, and then black.

red boletus

Often found in young growth, in deciduous forests, especially abundant in aspen shoots. In hot or dry summers, it can grow in mature aspen. In the tundra grows near shrub birches. Red boletus grows in groups. Often, whole placers of mushrooms can be found in clearings or abandoned forest paths. (reklama) The cap of the red boletus can reach 25 and even 30 cm in diameter, spherical in young and cushion-shaped in mature mushrooms, brick-red or dark red in color. The tubular layer is white at first, then off-white, gray and, in mature mushrooms, gray-brown. The leg is high, with a thickening at the bottom. The flesh on the cut quickly turns blue and becomes purple.

Attention! The boletus has a poisonous "double" - a false boletus, in which the spongy layer (under the hat) is pink, red or even red-brown, which does not happen in real boletus. On the leg of the false boletus there is a yellow or red mesh.

True boletus is quite easy to collect, easy to recognize and easy to process, boletus mushrooms should be processed as soon as possible after harvest.

The boletus deteriorates very quickly and begins to rot already in the basket, especially in the lower layers. Spoiled mushrooms or their parts can cause malaise or even poisoning. Do not be lazy - cook boletus immediately after harvest! Feel free to cut out the rotten parts, discard spoiled or wormy mushrooms. It is not recommended to take too old mushrooms, especially with damage. During the time spent in the basket, the old damaged boletus has time to deteriorate, and even if you start cooking mushrooms immediately after returning from the forest, such a mushroom can already cause intestinal upset. Do not be greedy, leave overgrown mushrooms in the forest.

With boletus, you can cook any dish, this mushroom is very supple, goes very well with many foods. And you also need to learn the main rule of any interactions with mushrooms - fresh and only fresh! You can’t store mushrooms, they deteriorate even in the refrigerator, and even young handsome men will rot in a couple of days in an almost new plastic bag. Actions are always the same: collected, cleaned, prepared.

To wash or not to wash the boletus after harvest? A very controversial issue. If you cook or prepare for pickling or pickling, you must wash it, if you plan to fry and don’t like it when a mass of liquid is melted from the mushrooms into the pan, in which delicious mushrooms slowly darken and lose their taste - you can not wash, but you will have to clean. With a brush, scrapers, a knife, cutting off damage, pits and dubious places. For drying, the best mushrooms should be selected, the youngest ones, of course, without worms, in no case should they be washed, but only cleaned (carefully, trying not to damage anything) and then they can be dried whole, strung on a thread or laid out on a baking sheet with hay in oven (but this is a separate article on drying). Mushrooms dry better on a thread, retain their taste and aroma (inside) longer, and look more charismatic.

How boletus is cooked

Everything is simple here: you need to wash or clean it, throw it into boiling water, let it boil and transfer it to another container with boiled water. There and cook until done. Everyone determines the degree of readiness for himself: for someone, even 10 minutes is already a lot, and someone doubts even after an hour and a half - turn it off or another half an hour? If you doubt the raw materials - and an hour and a half will not save you from paranoia, but if the preliminary sorting and processing was done efficiently, then 15-20 minutes is enough.

How to fry boletus

There are two ways: wash the mushrooms, cut, boil and dump everything into the pan, watching how the dark mess gurgles for an hour and a half, boils down to a state where it is no longer scary to eat, or just peel, cut and fry in oil for 5-7 minutes in a well heated skillet. For the second method, you need to select mushrooms very carefully: only fresh, only varieties known to you. Let's say white, boletus, chanterelles and aspen mushrooms. Take the best mushrooms, clean (but don’t wash them!) With a brush, cut off dirty or rough and damaged parts, throw away the wormy ones, don’t even try to clean the old ones - just boil them or put them in a bucket. Cut fresh, good, young mushrooms into your favorite size, but do not grind them - they will fry three times! Do not spare oil and fry in a proven and heated frying pan with a thick bottom. Fried boletus is very fond of onions - add it if you like it too.

How boletus is dried

Clear the mushrooms from twigs, grass and earth. Use a brush and a handy knife. Don't wash! Mushrooms take on water very quickly, and washed mushrooms can no longer be dried - they simply rot before our eyes. Dry small ones whole, cut large ones, but not finely. Drying is best on a thread or in the oven. In the oven, you should set the temperature to 50-60 degrees - this is the minimum available mode and the door ajar. Some oven models will require you to open the door completely due to the inability to lower the temperature. Dry the mushrooms on a baking sheet lined with parchment. Put it on the top shelf.

Mushrooms. In what weather do they accelerate, and when do they freeze completely? As it turned out, there is a direct relationship between weather conditions and In addition, there are many factors that also affect the development of mycelium and the appearance of fruiting bodies.

It is customary to call fruiting bodies a formed fungus that grows from a mycelium. The mushroom picker, in turn, is an interweaving of thin white threads. All of it is located underground, in the fertile soil layer and hidden from human eyes. It is from the conditions in which the mycelium develops that it depends on how quickly mushrooms grow.

Growth rate in different species

If the air temperature does not drop below 18-20 degrees for 10-14 days, and there have been heavy rains, then you can count on a mushroom harvest. The higher the humidity of the soil and air, the more intensively the mycelium feeds and develops. As a result, new fruiting bodies appear on the surface of the earth. Usually they grow in "layers", that is, there is a sequence of fruiting in different species. Aspen mushrooms, boletus boletus and boletus develop most quickly. Basically, they need 2-3 days to reach medium size. The same amount of time is needed for lamellar ones: russula, champignons and mushrooms.

How fast they grow

The most noble and desirable creatures develop much more slowly. White mushroom - the owner of a very dense and thick leg. It is from the stem that growth begins in all mushrooms, so whites need more time than the same boletus. But the adult fruiting body of the boletus is significantly ahead of other species in terms of mass and size. But sudden frosts or prolonged lack of moisture can affect how quickly mushrooms grow. Under optimal conditions, in warm and sufficient humidity, whole hordes of edible mushrooms grow in the forests.

Why is the forest "empty"?

It would seem that it is warm, the rains have stopped, and the forest is empty, even the mushroom aroma is not felt ... The reason lies in the forest itself. It is very difficult to find any edible mushrooms in young conifers. The mushroom picker lies at great depths and feeds on substances secreted from the roots of trees. The older the tree, the stronger and longer its roots. In addition, in old forests there is a thick layer of fertile litter. This is a significant factor that affects how quickly mushrooms grow.

Seasonality of different types

There are many signs by which you can determine whether it is time to go to the forest. For example, if pine and spruce blossomed, then the time has come for butter, russula and mushrooms. Mushrooms "deciduous" are mushrooms, milk mushrooms and chanterelles. They are the last to grow. The most mysterious of them are chanterelles. They can be found both in the height of summer and right under the snow at the end of October.

chanterelles?

They grow with the appearance of the first yellow leaves. The features of the mycelium are such that it gains strength for a long time, and a well-developed one begins to actively bear fruit closer to autumn. Therefore, the peak of growth often occurs in September with its low temperatures and frosts. Therefore, it is believed that chanterelles grow very slowly. In fact, their growth is no different from other species, but a significant slowdown is observed due to low autumn temperatures.

With the advent of the summer season, a real mushroom picker wants to break out of the house, go to the forest, collect a good harvest and cook dinner out of it. But in order to implement this idea, you should know where to go and what time is best to pick mushrooms. They all grow best in warm, moist conditions, which means that the time after rain is ideal for harvesting. , how quickly mushrooms grow after rain, you can choose the most opportune moment to go to the forest.

At what temperature do mushrooms grow

The underground part of each mushroom - mycelium grows throughout the year. Frost or extreme heat for this is not a hindrance. For the formation of the aerial part - the body of the fungus, moderate climatic conditions and a lot of moisture are required.

By observing the "behavior" of this plant, people were able to figure out which mushrooms are most likely to grow, and which are very slow. That's what came out of it:

1. Boletus - grows several centimeters per day.
2. White mushroom - after a warm rain, it reaches its usual size in 2-3 days.
3. Boletus - for full maturation, the fungus needs 4-5 days.
4. Honey agaric - growth time from a day to a week.
5. Chanterelle - you can wait until it grows to the desired size, three weeks.

All of these mushrooms will grow well if the rain is accompanied by growth-friendly temperatures. The most comfortable for their maturation is from 10 to 24 degrees. If this figure is less or more, you should not hope for a good harvest of mushrooms.

How many days do mushrooms grow after a heavy rain

A fungus is a living organism. It absorbs both beneficial and harmful substances. If it grows in an ecologically clean area, optimal conditions are created for it, then after precipitation this growth accelerates significantly. In just a day, an ordinary mushroom can reach a significant size and can be plucked. Knowing how many days mushrooms grow after rain, you can always arrive in the forest on time and enjoy what you love.

In order for the collection of mushrooms and their further use to be completely safe, you should follow a few simple rules, namely:

• since mushrooms absorb absolutely all the substances with which they are surrounded, they cannot be collected near roads or in too polluted areas;
• the benefit of the product will be only if you have time to collect mushrooms before the end of their growth period - after that the decay process begins;
• some inedible mushrooms are very similar to those that can be consumed and therefore it is worth learning to distinguish them, and also always be attentive.

For mushroom pickers, there are three periods a year when they can do what they love.

• The first begins at the end of May and lasts the entire next month.
• The second will have to wait until the end of July, and the third in the fall, when the first leaves begin to fall.
• And the closer to autumn, the slower the mushrooms grow after the rain, because it gets colder.

How long does it take for mushrooms to grow after rain?

On the second day after it started to rain, you should not immediately take a basket and go to the forest. To begin with, it is worth analyzing the following parameters:

• how warm it was during and after the rain;
• if someone goes for a specific type of mushroom, it is worth considering precisely their intensity and growth characteristics;

You can go for porcini mushrooms, boletus and boletus on the second day after the rain, but for mushrooms and chanterelles you have to wait almost a whole week. For mushrooms, it is imperative to go with a knife so as not to damage their root system. If you pull them out of the ground completely in a few years, their appearance will completely disappear in the forest. You also need to check all your finds for damage - the external that this product can be eaten.

To find out how fast mushrooms grow after rain, just ask experienced mushroom pickers and people who know the forest. Almost everyone knows the temperature at which good mushrooms grow. If it is clear that the weather conditions for a good harvest are favorable, then you should not hesitate to go out into nature in order to search for mushrooms.

Mushrooms are plants that, due to their characteristics, have been combined into a separate kingdom. During rain and fog, they grow at an excellent rate - a day or several days. It is especially good if the rain is light and warm, because then you can find whole glades with mushrooms in the forest. Now you have learned how quickly mushrooms grow after rain, and you can boast of a generous harvest by nature, before other mushroom pickers.

Fans of "silent hunting" know for sure that if it has been a warm rain, you can go for butterfish. But many people are wondering: how many days do butterflies grow after rain, and after what time should one go after them?

How long does it take for oilseeds to grow after rain?

The mushroom picker is located practically on the surface, i.e. under the top layer of soil - at a depth of 10-15 cm. Therefore, good rain and warm sunny weather are needed. Only under such conditions will the mycelium grow.

Oilseeds are harvested in young coniferous forests, as well as in open, well-lit glades. They grow in large families, which allows you to collect a whole basket in one place. An important role for the collection of mushrooms is played by how much butter mushrooms grow after rain.

It is worth noting that butterflies on a good mycelium after the rain begin to grow the very next day. If the mushroom picker wants to collect strong young butterflies, then you should go hunting after 12-18 hours.

How long oil plants grow after rain depends on the condition of the soil, lighting, air temperature, etc. On average, 2-3 days are enough to reach the full maturity of the fungus. But do not forget that butter mushrooms are “fast” mushrooms, which means that they will also begin to deteriorate quickly. The most important thing here is to correctly calculate the moment of going into the forest.

Each mushroom picker knows that the main collection of oil falls on August, September and early October. Therefore, how long oil mushrooms grow depends on two main factors. The first, as already mentioned, is well-moistened soil, and the second is a warm and sufficiently illuminated upper layer of the mycelium.

Many knowledgeable mushroom pickers assure that it takes very little time for the butter dish to rise from the ground. So, how long does the oil can mushroom grow after a warm rain? 5-7 hours are enough, and a young, clean, small mushroom turns out to be in the basket. By the way, it is these butternuts that are very much appreciated for pickling in jars, because they have a beautiful appearance and the appropriate size.

As you can see, in order to correctly determine how many oil cans grow, it is necessary to take into account the weather conditions and the peculiarities of the local climate. They must be suitable, because even after heavy rainfall oil may not appear. Sometimes it happens that there is a lot of moisture, but there is no sunlight and heat. Or the soil is poorly saturated with moisture, and the sun strongly heats the air and the mycelium dries up.