Child-adult project leaf fall preparatory group. Cognitive research project “What is leaf fall? How does the color of different trees change?
annotation
The project "Autumn" is short-term, group.
Terms of carrying out 1 month (October).
The age of the project participants is 2 - 3 years.
The project type is mixed.
The project is intended for educators, children and their parents.
Work on the project is carried out: in the classroom, in exercises, games (moving, finger, didactic), when reading fiction and looking at pictures. The group organizes exhibitions of children's creativity.
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Project
"Leaf fall"
annotation
The project "Autumn" is short-term, group.
Terms of carrying out 1 month (October).
The age of the project participants is 2 - 3 years.
The project type is mixed.
The project is intended for educators, children and their parents.
Work on the project is carried out: in the classroom, in exercises, games (moving, finger, didactic), when reading fiction and looking at pictures. The group organizes exhibitions of children's creativity.
Relevance
Most of the changes in the natural world can be noticed, felt and experienced only outside the walls of the room, in direct contact with nature. Neither a picture nor a story can replace live communication with her. It is important to perceive nature with all your soul, with all your senses, to notice the diversity of its forms, the beauty of colors, sounds, smells. How many opportunities for the development of feelings, speech, movements, imagination. This forms the first sensory experience of the child - the basis for his intellectual development. Impressions from the native nature received in childhood are remembered for a lifetime. Therefore, it is so important to introduce the child into nature from an early age.
The beauty of "golden autumn" is available even to the smallest child. Therefore, it is so important from a very early age to develop in children the prerequisites for observation, interest and the relationship between natural phenomena and people's lives, develop imagination, and evoke an aesthetic response to the beauty of autumn.
"Ecological education" of a young child means the assistance of adults to the development of a kind and inquisitive baby, open to the natural world. We must teach kids to look and see, know and love and, of course, protect nature.
Objective of the project:
Acquaintance of children with nature, the formation of a consciously caring attitude towards it.
Project objectives:
1. Formation of elementary ideas about autumn changes in nature (multi-colored leaves on the trees, it got colder, it often rains, the wind blows, the leaves fly from the trees).
2. Based on the expansion of orientation in the environment, develop understanding of speech and activate vocabulary on the topic.
3. Cultivate good feelings, curiosity, aesthetic perception, experiences associated with the beauty of nature.
4. Introduce children to works of fiction about autumn. To arouse in children an interest in illustrations in books.
5. To cultivate the desire to reflect their vivid impressions in drawings and applications. Learn to convey the image of autumn in accessible ways of artistic creativity.
6. Distinguish sensory properties: size (large, small), color (yellow, red, green, blue), quality (wet, dirty).
Expected Result
Early age is the most favorable time for the accumulation of knowledge about the world around us, for sensory education. The project will help lay the first insights and landmarks in the natural world. Thanks to the work on the project, children learn to observe, perceive the seasonal phenomena that are happening around them - leaf fall, cold rain, wind, etc. hand muscle strength.
Autumn is the time for children to adapt to the conditions of kindergarten. Communication with nature will give a noticeable healing effect, help relieve psychological tension, stress and aggressiveness, and set you up for a benevolent attitude towards all living things.
Interaction with family
1. Consultation for parents “Autumn. We went for a walk."
2. Folder - shift "Autumn"
3. Joint activity of parents and children "Autumn crafts made from natural material."
4. Individual conversations about how to dress children for a walk in the fall.
Formation of elementary mathematical representations "Fold a leaf»
Tasks:
1. To teach children to put together a whole from two parts, to name the resulting object.
2. Learn to differentiate red, yellow, green colors.
understand and use in active speech the words "the same", "not the same".
3. To teach to understand the plot, to develop the ability to listen to the explanations of the educator, to speak out about the depicted.
Artistic creativity (drawing) "Watching the rainy weather"
Tasks:
1. Introduce children to the most typical features of autumn rainy weather.
2. Clarify the name and purpose of clothing items.
3. Continue to teach children how to hold a pencil correctly; draw vertical lines.
4. Consolidate knowledge of the blue color.
Artistic creativity (application) "This dress is golden at the birch on the shoulders"
Tasks:
1. Continue to educate children's interest in the application.
2. Learn to apply leaflets at a certain distance from each other.
3. Consolidate knowledge of the yellow color.
4. Raise interest in collective creativity.
Educational activities during regime moments:
Walk "Watching the wind"
Tasks:
1. Consolidate children's knowledge of the wind.
2. Learn to establish cause-and-effect relationships: trees sway, leaves spin, fly - this is the wind blowing.
Walk "Watching leaf fall"
Tasks:
1. Show the children the colors of "golden autumn", consolidate the knowledge of the yellow color.
2. To reveal the new concept of "leaf fall".
Didactic game "Seasons"
1. To acquaint children with the most characteristic signs of the autumn of the year (leaf fall, people are dressed warmer, it is raining, etc.);
2. Teach children to distinguish autumn in pictures.
Didactic game with tool items "Get the leaves"
Tasks:
1. Exercise children in pulling leaflets towards themselves with an object-tool.
2. Develop coordination of hand movements, eye, orientation in space.
3. To educate in children purposefulness, perseverance in achieving the goal.
Didactic game for the development of visual and auditory attention "Find all the leaves"
Tasks:
1. Develop visual attention.
2. Develop auditory attention.
Didactic game "Spread the leaves by color"
Tasks:
1. Teach children to distinguish colors, name them correctly.
2. Learn to lay out the leaves in buckets according to the principle “this is not this”.
Didactic game "Dress the doll for a walk".
Tasks: clarify the name of autumn clothes.
Finger gymnastics
Tasks: develop fine motor skills of the hands, strengthen the muscles of the hands of children.
autumn bouquet
One, two, three, four, five,
Let's collect the leaves.We clench and unclench our fists.
birch leaves, aspen leaves,We bend the fingers in turn.
We will collect oak leaves,
Mom will take the autumn bouquet.
Rain
Rain, rain, pour!Fingertips strike the other palm
There will be a loaf of breadWe stretch our hands forward, connect them into a "loaf"
There will be gingerbread and drying We make pies.
There will be delicious cheesecakes!We connect the thumb and forefinger into a ring.
Spider.
The spider ran along the branchThe kids run their hands across the table.
And behind him are all his children.Handles run from wrist to shoulder.
Rain from the sky suddenly poured - They wave their hands.
Washed the spider to the ground.Hands fall to your knees
The sun began to warm- Raise your hands up
spreading fingers.
The spider is running again!The hands run across the table.
Breathing exercises "Whose leaf will fly away first"
Tasks: strengthen the respiratory muscles, develop a long smooth exhalation.
The teacher offers to consider the leaves, their color, offers to blow on the leaf for a long time, smoothly and see how it flies. You can arrange competitions “whose leaf will fly away earlier”, “Whose leaf will fly away further”.
Reading fiction about autumn
Tasks: To develop the ability to listen to works of art, to understand the meaning with the help of the teacher's explanation.
I. Sokolov-Mikitov "Autumn in the Forest";
M. Khodyakov "Autumn";
A. Pleshcheev "Autumn has come";
M. Ivensen "Leaves are falling";
V. Mitrovich "Leaf fall, leaf fall."
Examining autumn illustrations, talking about the beauty of autumn
Tasks: To develop the ability to notice the beauty of autumn nature.
Outdoor games
Tasks: To teach to move freely around the site, to act on the signal of the teacher.
1. The game is played with pieces of paper in hand.
The leaves flew(Children run freely around the playground,
The leaves were spinning;circling, waving leaves on
Show adult.)
The leaves are tired
And they went down.(They sit down on the cards, lower their hands.)
A breeze blew (The teacher depicts a breeze
Sultan,
On them - and again running, circling, waving his arms.)
All children are leaves
They want to fly! (Children run again, spinning among the leaf fall.)
2. "Rain Lei"
Rain lei, lei, lei,(Children wave their hands.)
On me and on people(Pointing to themselves and other guys.)
On people by the spoon,(They fold the handles with spoons.)
Little by little on me(“They crumble” with their hands on themselves.)
And on Baba Yaga (Make a scary face.)
Lei for a whole bucket!(With two hands they “splash out” the water.)
Advice for parents
Autumn.
We went for a walk.
Your child has gone to kindergarten. Behind a difficult adaptation period. The child is no longer capricious in the morning, coming to the group. And you are calm that everything is in order with him while you are at work. You know that in kindergarten all the necessary classes are given to him, but this does not mean that homework can be stopped. Use every minute to communicate and develop activities with your baby.
Going to kindergarten in the morning, observe with your child the changes that occur in nature. Pay attention to the baby that it has become cooler, so dress warmer. Show the first yellow and red leaves on bushes and trees. Explain that the leaves turn yellow and red as the warm summer turns into autumn. On a rainy day, explain that it rains often in autumn.
Show the birds that are preparing to fly to warmer climes. Tell us that some birds always fly away from us in the fall, because it got colder and there was little food.
Look at and compare the two pictures with your child. Let him think and tell which picture is summer, and which is autumn.
Going for a walk in the park or on the edge of the forest, take a bucket or basket with you and collect chestnuts, acorns, cones, berries, mountain ash with your baby. They will come in handy for homework or you can feed squirrels and wintering birds in the park in winter. In addition, the baby will enjoy the process of picking fruits.
Pay attention to the child that in the autumn forest there are a lot of acorns, chestnuts, rowan berries, there are a lot of apples in the garden, there are a lot of carrots and potatoes in the garden. It is at this age that it is necessary to form in the child the concepts of many and one.
Show a flock of sparrows and ask how many sparrows, one or many.
Dial a bouquet of autumn leaves and take one leaf. Let the kid show where there are a lot of leaves, and where there is one. Then let him first take one leaf, and then pick up a lot of leaves. Let him throw many leaves into one puddle, and one into another.
Teach your child to perceive the environment in all its diversity. Admire the colors of autumn, talk about how the leaves on the trees have become. Learn to correctly name the color of the leaves. Compare the leaves by size (large - small). Draw your child's attention to the different shapes of the leaves.
Listen to the sounds of autumn nature: the sound of the wind, the rustle of leaves, the rustle of rain, the cries of flying birds.
On a walk in the forest, if your child is not allergic, invite him to smell how autumn leaves, mushrooms, flowers smell.
Compare the feel of a cone and an acorn. Pay attention to the baby that the acorn is smooth and the cone is rough.
It is late autumn - the most boring time of the year. It is cold outside, it often rains, the forest is bare, the grass has dried up, late flowers have faded, insects are not visible. At the end of November, night frosts will begin, and during the day the air temperature will not rise above zero. Try to make walks with your baby as diverse as possible during this boring time, organize outdoor games, and continue to learn to observe changes in nature. On a frosty morning, show your child frost - on the grass and tree branches. Let the baby touch it and see how it melts under warm fingers.
Read the poem.
Like hedgehog needles
Like the outfit of a fluffy Christmas tree,
White during the day, blue at night
Hairy frost on the branches.
Examine with your child the thin ice that has covered the puddles. Let the baby walk along it, watch and listen to how thin fragile ice breaks under their feet. Explain that frost and ice have appeared in the puddles because it has become cold and real winter will come soon.
Pay attention to the fact that almost no birds are visible, even the chirping of sparrows is not heard. On walks you can see them in the park. They fuss in search of food. Invite your child to feed the birds. Explain that they are cold and hungry. Take bread crumbs and a handful of millet for a walk. Let the baby feed the birds and observe their behavior. Ask what sparrows do (fly, run, peck, chirp, clean, fight). Walking with the baby in the evening on a weekday or weekend, try to make walks interesting and varied.
Show and name cars unfamiliar to the child. Tell us how a bus differs from a trolleybus, and a truck from a passenger car.
Invite the child to point to all the red or blue cars in the parking lot near the house. And then let him try to count the wheels of a passenger car. If the child is having a hard time, help him with this.
Walking near the reservoir, feed the birds with a bun. Talk about what the birds do (peck, swallow, chirp). By completing this task, you will develop your baby's observational and verbal vocabulary.
While watching the birds, read a poem to your child.
Ooty, ooty, ducks,
baby ducks
Rocked on the waves
They splashed, splashed.
Invite your child to recite the poem with you. Let him, at first, at least just finish the lines. And in a few days, perhaps the baby will tell a poem when he sees birds for a walk.
If it is cold outside and you are afraid that the baby will freeze, play an outdoor game to develop general motor skills, coordination of movements, a sense of rhythm, and education of imitation.
Project "Leaf fall"
annotation
The project "Autumn" is short-term, group.
Terms of carrying out 1 month (October).
The age of the project participants is 2 - 3 years.
The project type is mixed.
The project is intended for educators, children and their parents.
Work on the project is carried out: in the classroom, in exercises, games (moving, finger, didactic), when reading fiction and looking at pictures. The group organizes exhibitions of children's creativity.
Relevance
Most of the changes in the natural world can be noticed, felt and experienced only outside the walls of the room, in direct contact with nature. Neither a picture nor a story can replace live communication with her. It is important to perceive nature with all your soul, with all your senses, to notice the diversity of its forms, the beauty of colors, sounds, smells. How many opportunities for the development of feelings, speech, movements, imagination. This forms the first sensory experience of the child - the basis for his intellectual development. Impressions from the native nature received in childhood are remembered for a lifetime. Therefore, it is so important to introduce the child into nature from an early age.
The beauty of "golden autumn" is available even to the smallest child. Therefore, it is so important from a very early age to develop in children the prerequisites for observation, interest and the relationship between natural phenomena and people's lives, develop imagination, and evoke an aesthetic response to the beauty of autumn.
"Ecological education" of a young child means the assistance of adults to the development of a kind and inquisitive baby, open to the natural world. We must teach kids to look and see, know and love and, of course, protect nature.
Objective of the project:
Acquaintance of children with nature, the formation of a consciously caring attitude towards it.
Project objectives:
1. Formation of elementary ideas about autumn changes in nature (multi-colored leaves on the trees, it got colder, it often rains, the wind blows, the leaves fly from the trees).
2. Based on the expansion of orientation in the environment, develop understanding of speech and activate vocabulary on the topic.
3. Cultivate good feelings, curiosity, aesthetic perception, experiences associated with the beauty of nature.
4. Introduce children to works of fiction about autumn. To arouse in children an interest in illustrations in books.
5. To cultivate the desire to reflect their vivid impressions in drawings and applications. Learn to convey the image of autumn in accessible ways of artistic creativity.
6. Distinguish sensory properties: size (large, small), color (yellow, red, green, blue), quality (wet, dirty).
Expected Result
Early age is the most favorable time for the accumulation of knowledge about the world around us, for sensory education. The project will help lay the first insights and landmarks in the natural world. Thanks to the work on the project, children learn to observe, perceive the seasonal phenomena that are happening around them - leaf fall, cold rain, wind, etc. hand muscle strength.
Autumn is the time for children to adapt to the conditions of kindergarten. Communication with nature will give a noticeable healing effect, help relieve psychological tension, stress and aggressiveness, and set you up for a benevolent attitude towards all living things.
Interaction with family
1. Consultation for parents “Autumn. We went for a walk."
2. Folder - shift "Autumn"
3. Joint activity of parents and children "Autumn crafts made from natural material."
4. Individual conversations about how to dress children for a walk in the fall.
Formation of elementary mathematical representations "Fold a leaf"
Tasks:
1. To teach children to put together a whole from two parts, to name the resulting object.
2. Learn to differentiate red, yellow, green colors.
understand and use in active speech the words "the same", "not the same".
3. To teach to understand the plot, to develop the ability to listen to the explanations of the educator, to speak out about the depicted.
Artistic creativity (drawing) "Watching the rainy weather"
·Tasks:
·one. Introduce children to the most typical features of autumn rainy weather.
2. Clarify the name and purpose of clothing items.
3. Continue to teach children how to hold a pencil correctly; draw vertical lines.
4. Consolidate knowledge of the blue color.
Artistic creativity (application) "This dress is golden at the birch on the shoulders"
Tasks:
1. Continue to educate children's interest in the application.
2. Learn to apply leaflets at a certain distance from each other.
3. Consolidate knowledge of the yellow color.
4. Raise interest in collective creativity.
Educational activities during regime moments:
Walk "Watching the wind"
Tasks:
1. Consolidate children's knowledge of the wind.
2. Learn to establish cause-and-effect relationships: trees sway, leaves spin, fly - this is the wind blowing.
Walk "Watching leaf fall"
Tasks:
1. Show the children the colors of "golden autumn", consolidate the knowledge of the yellow color.
2. To reveal the new concept of "leaf fall".
Didactic game "Seasons"
1. Introduce children to the most characteristic signs of the autumn of the year (leaf fall, people are dressed warmer, it is raining, etc.);
2. Teach children to distinguish autumn in pictures.
Didactic game with tool items "Get the leaves"
Tasks:
1. Exercise children in pulling leaflets towards themselves with an object-tool.
2. Develop coordination of hand movements, eye, orientation in space.
3. To educate in children purposefulness, perseverance in achieving the goal.
Didactic game for the development of visual and auditory attention "Find all the leaves"
Tasks:
1. Develop visual attention.
2. Develop auditory attention.
Didactic game "Spread the leaves by color"
Tasks:
1. Teach children to distinguish colors, name them correctly.
2. Learn to lay out the leaves in buckets according to the principle “this is not this”.
Didactic game "Dress the doll for a walk."
Tasks: clarify the name of autumn clothes.
Finger gymnastics
Tasks: develop fine motor skills of the hands, strengthen the muscles of the hands of children.
autumn bouquet
One, two, three, four, five, we bend our fingers one by one.
Let's collect the leaves. We clench and unclench our fists.
Birch leaves, aspen leaves, We bend the fingers in turn.
We will collect oak leaves,
Mom will take the autumn bouquet.
Rain
Rain, rain, pour! Fingertips strike the other palm
There will be a loaf of bread, Stretch your hands forward, connect them into a "loaf"
There will be gingerbread and drying, We make pies.
There will be delicious cheesecakes! We connect the thumb and forefinger into a ring.
Spider.
The spider ran along the branch. The kids run with their hands on the table.
And behind him are all his children. Handles run from wrist to shoulder.
Rain from the sky suddenly poured - Waving their hands.
Washed the spider to the ground. Hands fall to your knees
The sun began to warm - Raise your hands up,
spreading fingers.
The spider is running again! The hands run across the table.
Breathing exercises "Whose leaf will fly away first"
Tasks: strengthen the respiratory muscles, develop a long smooth exhalation.
The teacher offers to examine the leaves, their color, offers to blow on the leaf for a long time, smoothly and see how it flies. You can arrange competitions “whose leaf will fly away earlier”, “Whose leaf will fly away further”.
Reading fiction about autumn
Tasks: To develop the ability to listen to works of art, to understand the meaning with the help of the teacher's explanation.
I. Sokolov-Mikitov "Autumn in the forest";
M. Khodyakov "Autumn";
A. Pleshcheev "Autumn has come";
M. Ivensen "Leaves are falling";
V. Mitrovich "Leaf fall, leaf fall."
Examining autumn illustrations, talking about the beauty of autumn
Tasks: To develop the ability to notice the beauty of autumn nature.
Outdoor games
Tasks: To teach to move freely around the site, to act on the signal of the teacher.
1. The game is played with pieces of paper in hand.
Leaves flew, (Children run freely around the playground,
The leaves were spinning; circling, waving leaves on
showing an adult.)
The leaves are tired
And they went down. (They sit down on the cards, lower their hands.)
A breeze blew (The teacher depicts a breeze
sultan
On them - and again runs, circling, waving his arms.)
All children are leaves
They want to fly! (Children run again, spinning among the leaf fall.)
2. "Rain Lei"
Rain, pour, pour, pour, (Children wave their hands.)
At me and at people, (Pointing at themselves and other guys.)
For people on a spoon, (They fold the handles with spoons.)
Little by little on me, ("They crumble" with their hands on themselves.)
And on Baba - Yaga (They make a terrible face.)
Lei for a whole bucket! (With two hands they “splash out” the water.)
Advice for parents
Autumn.
We went for a walk.
Your child has gone to kindergarten. Behind a difficult adaptation period. The child is no longer capricious in the morning, coming to the group. And you are calm that everything is in order with him while you are at work. You know that in kindergarten all the necessary classes are given to him, but this does not mean that homework can be stopped. Use every minute to communicate and develop activities with your baby.
Going to kindergarten in the morning, observe with your child the changes that occur in nature. Pay attention to the baby that it has become cooler, so dress warmer. Show the first yellow and red leaves on bushes and trees. Explain that the leaves turn yellow and red as the warm summer turns into autumn. On a rainy day, explain that it rains often in autumn.
Show the birds that are preparing to fly to warmer climes. Tell us that some birds always fly away from us in the fall, because it got colder and there was little food.
Look at and compare the two pictures with your child. Let him think and tell which picture is summer, and which is autumn.
Going for a walk in the park or on the edge of the forest, take a bucket or basket with you and collect chestnuts, acorns, cones, berries, mountain ash with your baby. They will come in handy for homework or you can feed squirrels and wintering birds in the park in winter. In addition, the baby will enjoy the process of picking fruits.
Pay attention to the child that in the autumn forest there are a lot of acorns, chestnuts, rowan berries, there are a lot of apples in the garden, there are a lot of carrots and potatoes in the garden. It is at this age that it is necessary to form in the child the concepts of many and one.
Show a flock of sparrows and ask how many sparrows, one or many.
Dial a bouquet of autumn leaves and take one leaf. Let the kid show where there are a lot of leaves, and where there is one. Then let him first take one leaf, and then pick up a lot of leaves. Let him throw many leaves into one puddle, and one into another.
Teach your child to perceive the environment in all its diversity. Admire the colors of autumn, talk about how the leaves on the trees have become. Learn to correctly name the color of the leaves. Compare the leaves by size (large - small). Draw your child's attention to the different shapes of the leaves.
Listen to the sounds of autumn nature: the sound of the wind, the rustle of leaves, the rustle of rain, the cries of flying birds.
On a walk in the forest, if your child is not allergic, invite him to smell how autumn leaves, mushrooms, flowers smell.
Compare the feel of a cone and an acorn. Pay attention to the baby that the acorn is smooth and the cone is rough.
It is late autumn - the most boring time of the year. It is cold outside, it often rains, the forest is bare, the grass has dried up, late flowers have faded, insects are not visible. At the end of November, night frosts will begin, and during the day the air temperature will not rise above zero. Try to make walks with your baby as diverse as possible during this boring time, organize outdoor games, and continue to learn to observe changes in nature. On a frosty morning, show your child frost - on the grass and tree branches. Let the baby touch it and see how it melts under warm fingers.
Read the poem.
Like hedgehog needles
Like the outfit of a fluffy Christmas tree,
White during the day, blue at night
Hairy frost on the branches.
Examine with your child the thin ice that has covered the puddles. Let the baby walk along it, watch and listen to how thin fragile ice breaks under their feet. Explain that frost and ice have appeared in the puddles because it has become cold and real winter will come soon.
Pay attention to the fact that almost no birds are visible, even the chirping of sparrows is not heard. On walks you can see them in the park. They fuss in search of food. Invite your child to feed the birds. Explain that they are cold and hungry. Take bread crumbs and a handful of millet for a walk. Let the baby feed the birds and observe their behavior. Ask what sparrows do (fly, run, peck, chirp, clean, fight). Walking with the baby in the evening on a weekday or weekend, try to make walks interesting and varied.
Show and name cars unfamiliar to the child. Tell us how a bus differs from a trolleybus, and a truck from a passenger car.
Invite the child to point to all the red or blue cars in the parking lot near the house. And then let him try to count the wheels of a passenger car. If the child is having a hard time, help him with this.
Walking near the reservoir, feed the birds with a bun. Talk about what the birds do (peck, swallow, chirp). By completing this task, you will develop your baby's observational and verbal vocabulary.
While watching the birds, read a poem to your child.
Ooty, ooty, ducks,
baby ducks
Rocked on the waves
They splashed, splashed.
Invite your child to recite the poem with you. Let him, at first, at least just finish the lines. And in a few days, perhaps the baby will tell a poem when he sees birds for a walk.
If it is cold outside and you are afraid that the baby will freeze, play an outdoor game to develop general motor skills, coordination of movements, a sense of rhythm, and education of imitation.
For many years, scientists have been working to understand why leaf fall begins in the fall. And although all the details of this process are completely unknown, the accumulated knowledge is enough to understand the basic mechanisms of this process. Three main factors influence the color change of foliage in autumn: pigments in leaf cells, length of night, and weather. But this is far from a simple explanation of the process of yellowing and falling leaves.
Winter is a necessity that all plants face every year in certain climatic zones. Therefore, perennial plants, which include trees, must have mechanisms that provide protection and survival in freezing temperatures and other adverse winter conditions.
Stems, branches and buds are equipped with protection to survive extreme cold conditions and wake up with new signs of spring. But the delicate tissue of the leaves would simply freeze in winter. Trees are forced to either sacrifice valuable substances to protect the foliage, or part with it.
Evergreen trees such as spruces, spruces, pines, firs, etc. can survive the winter without hardening. Their foliage, resembling needles or scales, is covered with a thick wax-like layer, and substances in the intracellular fluid contain "antifreeze", which makes them resistant to frost. Thus, the "leaves" of evergreens calmly survive the coldest winters, for example, in the Arctic. Evergreen needles live for several years, but eventually they fall off due to aging.
The foliage of broad-leaved trees, on the contrary, is very tender and vulnerable. Their leaves are wide, thin and do not have protective coatings. The liquid inside them is a watery juice that instantly freezes in the cold. This means that these cells are unable to survive the winter cold. Therefore, they must be dropped to ensure the continued survival of the trees. This is the reason why leaf fall precedes every winter.
Needles and leaves that have fallen from trees are not wasted. They decompose and replenish the composition of the soil with the necessary substances, being part of the spongy layer of humus.
This forest carpet absorbs and retains rainwater, which plants need to grow and develop. Fallen leaves become food for numerous microorganisms living in the forest ecosystem. It is quite possible that without the nutrients provided annually by leaf litter, forests simply would not survive, just as trees would not survive without shedding their leaves.
What determines the color of the foliage in autumn
In early autumn, in response to the shortening of the day and the decrease in the intensity of sunlight, the foliage begins to prepare for fall. Neither temperature, nor rainfall, nor the amount of nutrients entering the plant affect the change in leaf color and the appearance of leaf fall as much as an increase in the length of the dark time of the day. As the days get shorter and the nights get longer and cooler, the biochemical processes in the foliage begin to turn the leaves yellow and red.
The vessels feeding the leaves gradually overlap, and a layer of cells forms at the base of each leaf. These blocked vessels stop the backflow of sugars from the leaves, which leads to the formation of anthocyanins. After this layer of cells is fully formed, the leaf is ready to fall off.
Three types of pigments are involved in the coloring of autumn leaves:
- Chlorophyll, which gives leaves their green color. It is essential for photosynthesis, the chemical reaction that allows plants to use sunlight to produce the sugars they need for nutrition. Trees of temperate latitudes store these sugars in their tissues for the period of hibernation.
- Carotenoids - give the foliage yellow, orange and brown colors. An example of the bright effect of these dyes are the colors of corn, carrots and daffodils. As well as rutabaga, buttercups and bananas.
- Anthocyanins give color to cranberries, red apples, grapes, blueberries, cherries, strawberries and plums. These pigments dissolve in water and appear in the aquatic part of the leaves.
Both chlorophyll and carotenoids are present in leaf chloroplasts throughout the growing season. Most of the anthocyanins are produced in autumn, in response to bright light and excess sugars in leaf cells.
In the warm season, that is, during the growing season, chlorophyll is continuously produced and decomposed. In this case, the leaves look green. As the night length increases in autumn, chlorophyll production slows down, then stops completely. In this case, all the chlorophyll in the leaves is destroyed. Because of this, the carotenoids and anthocyanins present in the foliage become visible.
How does the color of different trees change?
What color will appear on the leaves after carotenoids and anthocyanins appear in the foliage depends largely on the plant. For example:
- Oak foliage turns red, brown, or reddish-brown.
- Hickory (nut family) develops a golden-bronze color.
- Aspens and poplars are golden and yellow.
- Dogwood - purple-red.
- Beeches take on a light tan color.
The color of autumn maples varies from species to species. Red maple becomes bright scarlet, sugar maple becomes orange red, and black maple becomes bright yellow. The striped maple turns out to be almost colorless. The foliage on some trees (such as elms) simply dries up and falls off, almost without changing its color.
The beginning of the foliage color change also depends on the type of tree. For example, trees such as oxendrums in southern American forests take on vibrant crimson colors in late summer while other trees are still green. Oaks are very late in changing color, and stand green at a time when almost all other trees have changed color and shed their leaves.
The timing of the start of leaf color change is genetically programmed. This is confirmed by the fact that the same species are painted in the same colors at a certain geographical latitude, both in the cool areas of the highlands and in the warm lowland valleys.
How the weather affects the color of autumn leaves
The amount and brightness of coloring in each autumn season also depend on weather conditions, which affect the transformation of chlorophyll in the leaves. The main factors are temperature and humidity.
Long warm, sunny days and cool but not frosty nights result in some of the most vibrant fall colors. During such days, a lot of sugars are produced in the tissues of the foliage. However, with the onset of cold weather, the vessels that feed the leaf cells gradually overlap, and sugars cease to flow to them.
These conditions - a large amount of sugars and light stimulate the production of bright anthocyanin pigments, which color the leaf in red, purple and crimson hues. Since carotenoids are always present in the foliage, yellow and golden tones are consistent year after year.
Moisture in the soil also affects autumn colors. Like the weather, it varies greatly from year to year. The myriad combinations that are possible when these highly variable factors come together mean that there are no two autumn seasons in which leaves are alike. The late arrival of spring or the intense heat of summer can delay the appearance of autumn color by several weeks. A warm autumn period can also reduce the intensity of the autumn palette.
Purpose: to form elementary ideas about the signs of autumn. Tasks: To give an elementary idea of \u200b\u200bthe autumn phenomenon of nature - leaf fall. To educate in children the ability to admire the autumn beauty of nature. Develop fingers while sculpting. To form the ability to hold the brush correctly while drawing.
Social and communicative development Finger game "Autumn Leaves" Didactic game "Let's collect colorful leaves" On a walk: Collecting leaves "Autumn bouquet for mom, grandmother" Outdoor game "Let's arrange leaf fall for ..." Cognitive development Conversation about the signs of autumn. Consideration of illustrations on the theme “Autumn. Leaf fall. Acquaintance with the audio recording of the sounds of nature: “The noise of leaves and wind” On a walk Examining the leaves of different trees. Foliage observations: how the leaves rustle, how the leaves fly, how the leaves rustle on the trees. Stage 2: practical
Speech development Reading poetry about leaf fall. Artistic and aesthetic development Sculpting "Autumn paths and leaves": by pinching off small pieces of plasticine from a whole piece and sticking it on a sheet of paper. Drawing "Leaf fall": drawing with paints and a brush by luring a brush to a sheet of paper. Coloring "Autumn leaves" Physical development Outdoor game "Falling leaves" Musical and rhythmic movements to the music "Dance with leaves" by T. Suvorov.
Expected result: Children have an idea about the signs of autumn and what leaf fall is. The skill is fixed to pinch off a piece of plasticine from a whole piece and stick it on a sheet of paper (in most children). The ability to hold a brush while drawing is formed (in most children)
Project on:
« RED BOOK OF OUR REGION»
Completed
1st grade students "B"
MOU "Secondary School No. 5" named after Warriors
100 and 101 separate rifle brigades
Rzhev
Head Demchenko T.G.
2015
Introduction
If every man on a piece of his land would do all that he can,
How beautiful would our land be!
(A.P. Chekhov)
Take care of these lands, these waters,
Even a small bylinochku loving.
Take care of all the animals inside nature.
Kill only the beasts within you.
(E. Evtushenko)
Our nature has created many different creations. Animals and plants occupy
her a special place. But many are now in great danger of simply disappearing with
faces of the earth. If at the beginning of the last century only one species of animals per year disappeared, then
now the whole species is disappearing daily!
The theme of our work is "Red Book of our region".
Relevance: we believe that animals and plants become more and more important every year.
smaller and their disappearance can be stopped.
The purpose of our study: what can we do to save nature
To achieve this goal, we have set ourselves the following tasks:
Find out why the book was called red?
Find out what Red Books exist.
Find out how people relate to the Red Book
Collect material about animals and plants of the Red Book of our region
In our work, we used the following methods:
Reading literature (textbooks, encyclopedias, reference books)
Use of Internet resources
Drawing up memos-rules
Drawing up the "Red Book" of a class with rare species of animals and plants
The history of the creation of the Red Book
The phrase "Red Book" appeared in most languages of the world more than
forty years ago. In 1948, in a small town near Paris,
international conference, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and
natural resources. As early as next year, the collection of information on rare and
endangered species of plants and animals for
Red Book. The first volumes of the "Red Book", describing the disasters of the living world
of our planet, came out in 1966. It included descriptions of 200 species of birds, 100 species
mammals and 25 plant species. This book is stored in the Swiss city of Morges.
The first Red Book of the USSR was published in 1978, and it included 154 species
animals, then this list was supplemented to 463 species. Unfortunately, this
the sad list grows every year. What does it mean - wildlife is still
continues to be in mortal danger.
247 species of animals are listed in the Red Book of the RSFSR, which are divided into 5
But the problem of environmental protection has deeper roots. In everything
Since the dawn of time, people have been concerned about the protection of nature. So, Yaroslav the Wise back in the 11th century
by law limited the production of swans, beavers and other valuable animals. And the decree of Peter l,
published in 1718, ordered "the novices who cut down the oak forest and
henceforth they will chop, punish with batogs, send them to hard labor.
Why is the book red?
Red is forbidding. Like a red traffic light means: stop,
The red color of the book is a signal of alarm and danger, it is an SOS signal, which
we are given animals and plants. With its brightness, it draws attention to
indicated danger, warns people about the possible consequences that
will occur with the death of entire species of plants and animals. That is, the book was called
so as to attract people's attention and try to stop the barbaric destruction
the surrounding world.
What Red Books exist
Depending on the scale, there are: international Red Book, various
states. The Red Books have also been created on the scale of individual republics, territories,
regions, autonomous districts.
How do people feel about the existence of the Red Book
To find out the attitude of people to the existence of the Red Book and extermination
animals and plants, we conducted a survey among students and teachers of the school, our
relatives, friends, neighbors.
We found out that all people treat the creation of the Red Book with understanding, but
Man has long killed animals to get his own food, but this is necessary for
people's survival, and they killed no more than they could eat. Now immoderate
hunting led to the almost complete extermination of some animal species.
Each person can help save the animals that still live. For this
you need to feel like a particle of nature and not harm anything and anyone in your home.
After all, nature is our home!
Each individual cannot protect the whole of nature as a whole, but carefully
all people are obliged to treat everything around. We can achieve a lot
if we take care of every dragonfly or butterfly, we will defend the lily of the valley or
water lilies, take your hand away from a defenseless hedgehog or chick.
At the end of our work, we made the following conclusions:
The Red Book is not a collector's guide.
It is a practical environmental document.
The Red Book warns of the disappearance of rare species of plants and animals.
It is good that there is such a book where rare types of natural objects are recorded.
It is bad that the Red Book was created through the fault of man.
List of resources
Print Resources
1. Atlas of animals for schoolchildren / Text by I.A. Zhigareva. - M .: LLC "Publishing house
"Rosmen-Press". - 2003. - 96 p.
2. Kamysheva A.P. Nature of the Saratov region. Methodical manual / Kamysheva A.P..
- Saratov: RIO SPC "EMOS", 2000. - 236 p.
3. Red Book of the Saratov region. Plants, mushrooms, lichens. Animals. -
Saratov: Region. Privolzh. publishing house "Children's Book", 1996.–264 p.
4. Red Book of the Saratov region: Plants, mushrooms, lichens. Animals.-Saratov:
Publishing house Torg-prom. Chambers, 2006. - 528 p.
5. Mirkin B.M., Naumova L.G. Popular Ecological Dictionary / Edited by
A.M.Gilyarova. - M.: Sustainable world, 1999. - 304 p.
Internet resources
http://n-shkola.ru/|Monthly magazine "Primary school"
http://htt...r.i-edu.ru
http://http:openclass.ru
Other resources
1. Children's electronic encyclopedia "Cyril and Methodius".
2. Excursion to the Saratov park "Lukomorye"
3. Excursion to the Krasnoarmeisky Museum of Local Lore
Two comrades
Two comrades were walking through the forest, and a bear jumped out at them.
One rushed to run, climbed a tree and hid, while the other remained on the road. He had nothing to do - he fell to the ground and pretended to be dead.
The bear sniffed his face, thought it was dead, and moved away.
When the bear left, he climbed down from the tree and laughs:
Well, - he says, - did the bear say in your ear?
And he told me that bad people are those who
dangers from comrades run away.
Derevenchenko
Sergei
Alexeyevich
08.11.
Tsentralnaya st., 14, apt. 6
I-he#686967
Drozdova
Evgeniya
Sergeevna
05.07.
Selizharovsky pr., 21, apt. 82
I-he no. 673348
Marusyak
Oksana
Yuryevna
03.09.
st. Yubileinaya, 39
I-he no. 673 541
Murashov
Dmitry
Mikhailovich
21.03.
Profsoyuznaya st., 3, apt. 48
I-he no. 664 090
Smirnov
Ruslan
Alexeyevich
06.10.
settlement Verkhniy Bor, 1, apt. 8
I-he no. 673 605