Polypore mushrooms flat healing properties. Powerful wood destroyer: characteristics of the flat tinder fungus. ✎ Similar species

The tinder fungus is flat
Scientific classification
International scientific name
Ganoderma lipsiense (Batsch) G.F. Atk. , 1908
Synonyms

The tinder fungus is flat(lat. Ganoderma lipsiense, previously - Ganoderma applanatum) - a mushroom of the genus Ganoderma (lat. Ganoderma) family Ganoderma (lat. Ganodermataceae).

Description

The fruiting bodies are perennial, sessile. They are often located close to each other.

The cap is 5-40 cm wide, flat on top with uneven ridges or with concentric grooves, covered with a matte crust. The color above is grayish brown to rusty brown. Very often the fruiting body is covered on top with a layer of rusty-brown spore powder. The outer (growing) edge is white or whitish in color.

The hymenophore is tubular, white or creamy white. Even with a little pressure it gets very dark. This feature gave the mushroom its specific name in English language: Artist's conk- “artist’s mushroom.” You can draw on the hymenophore using a twig or match.

The spore powder is rusty brown. Sporulation is usually very abundant.

Ecology and distribution

The flat tinder fungus is a wood destroyer. Found everywhere on stumps and dead wood deciduous trees, usually located low. Causes white or yellow-white (yellowish) wood rot. Occasionally it attacks weakened living trees or coniferous wood.

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An excerpt characterizing the flat tinder fungus

Together with the soldier, an infantry officer with a bandaged cheek approached the fire and, turning to Tushin, asked him to order the tiny gun to be moved in order to transport the cart. Behind the company commander, two soldiers ran to the fire. They swore and fought desperately, pulling out some kind of boot from each other.
- Why, you picked it up! Look, he’s clever,” one shouted in a hoarse voice.
Then a thin, pale soldier approached with his neck tied with a bloody wrap and in an angry voice demanded water from the artillerymen.
- Well, should I die like a dog? - he said.
Tushin ordered to give him water. Then a cheerful soldier ran up, asking for a light in the infantry.
- A hot fire to the infantry! Stay happily, fellow countrymen, thank you for the light, we will pay you back with interest,” he said, carrying the reddened firebrand somewhere into the darkness.
Behind this soldier, four soldiers, carrying something heavy on their overcoats, walked past the fire. One of them tripped.
“Look, devils, they put firewood on the road,” he grumbled.
- It’s over, so why wear it? - said one of them.
- Well, you!
And they disappeared into the darkness with their burden.
- What? hurts? – Tushin asked Rostov in a whisper.
- Hurts.
- Your honor, to the general. They’re standing here in the hut,” said the fireworksman, approaching Tushin.
- Now, my dear.
Tushin stood up and, buttoning his overcoat and straightening himself, walked away from the fire...
Not far from the artillery fire, in the hut prepared for him, Prince Bagration sat at dinner, talking with some of the unit commanders who had gathered with him. There was an old man with half-closed eyes, greedily gnawing a mutton bone, and a twenty-two-year-old impeccable general, flushed from a glass of vodka and dinner, and a staff officer with a name ring, and Zherkov, looking at everyone restlessly, and Prince Andrei, pale, with pursed lips and feverishly shiny eyes.

The flat polypore belongs to the inedible mushrooms of the Ganoderma family, the genus Ganoderma. It is most common in the forests of the Northern Hemisphere, in particular in its temperate zone.

Description and distribution

This type of mushroom is perennial; their age can range from 40 to 50 years. Due to the absence of a stalk, the mushroom is classified as sessile, i.e. attached sideways to its location. Polypores are usually not located too high, and favorite place their appearance are stumps, old or dying trees, dead trees. Mostly poplars and birches are subject to their siege, and less often coniferous trees. The tinder fungus is located flat at a short distance from each other, forming a layer of mushrooms.

The width of their cap can vary from 5 to 40 cm; sometimes there are giant mushrooms with a cap up to 75 cm. The surface of the mushroom cap is flat with pronounced sagging and irregularities, framed in most cases by a white border. There is also a matte coating on the surface. The cap itself has a color from grayish to dirty brown. Its outer part is white or milky. If you cut the mushroom, its flesh will look like a chocolate-colored cork. Most often on the mushroom cap you can find in large quantities spore powder.

The flat tinder fungus is a powerful wood destroyer. Forming on it, it contributes to the appearance of white rot.

(Ganoderma applanatum)

Insert-mushroom-tree Synonyms: Ganoderma lipsiense. In addition, there are more than 30 more synonyms.

Etymology:Ganoderma(Greek derma- leather) applanation(lat. applanatus- flattened, flattened).

Fruit bodies:perennial, solitary, occasionally in groups of 2, located one below the other, sessile, greatly varying in size depending on habitat, 5-40 cm or more (occasionally up to 60 cm) in diameter, 1.5-12 cm thick, at the base, flat, half-shaped, occasionally tongue-shaped, so that the width exceeds the length, very rarely almost hoof-shaped or nodule-shaped. The surface of the cap is uneven, wavy, often tuberculate, covered with a thin, soon hardening and thickening crust, shiny when cut, initially whitish-grayish, then darkening, often brown from the spores covering it. The edge is straight, thin, blunted or rounded, initially whitish, gray or leathery-yellow above, later the same color as the rest of the surface, sterile below. The tissue is hard, corky, elastic, vaguely zonal, felt-fibrous when torn, from thin to rather thick, reddish-brown, often with white dotted discolorations interspersed with tufts of colorless hyphae. The tubes are layered, often with noticeable thin layers of sterile tissue between the layers, the same color as the tissue, filling with white mycelium with age. The surface of the hymenophore is white, then yellowish, turning brown when touched, becoming darker with age.
The crust on the surface of the basidioma has a characodermic structure, consisting of thread-like cells arranged in a palisade layer.

Pores:entire, round, small, 4-6 per 1 mm.

Hyphal system: Trimitic. Generative hyphae are hyaline, thin-walled, septate, with buckles, very difficult to observe in the basidioma tissue. The skeletal hyphae are brown, very thick-walled to almost solid, 4-6 µm in diameter, highly branched, with branches of successively narrower diameters, and finally turning into thin, highly convoluted endings. The connecting hyphae are very few.

Basidia: 10-13x7-9 microns.

Disputes:ellipsoidal-ovate, truncated at the apex, 6.5-8.5x4.5-6 µm, with a double shell: episporium hyaline, smooth, endosporium brownish, warty.

Spore powder: brown. Chlamydospores sometimes form inside the cavities in the tram.

Habitat:Grows everywhere in mixed, deciduous and coniferous forests, in gardens and parks, on dying trees, stumps, dead wood and treated wood. Fruits throughout the growing season mainly on stumps and dead wood of various deciduous species (Betula, Fagus, Fraxinus, Juglans, Maius, Populus, Quercus, Salix etc.), occasionally on conifers (AbieSy Larix, Picea, Pinus).

Edibility:inedible due to hard flesh.

Distribution in Kazakhstan: Widely distributed mushroom.

Area:Grows on all continents. Cosmpolitan.

Similar types: Very close to G. Upsense view G. australe (Fr.) Pat., 1889. Pilate (RPaCh, 1934) considered this species a form of the previous one, widespread in southern, subtropical and tropical countries. Modern experts prefer to consider this mushroom, which grows on living and dead trees of many deciduous species, as separate species. Main difference fromG. Upsense- larger spores -8.5-10(12) x 5-7.5 microns. Macroscopically, it is distinguished by a slightly thicker crust and the absence of sterile layers between the layers of tubes. Riwarden and Gilbertson identify this species withG. adspersum (Schulzer) Donk. According to A. S. Bondartsev (1953), who considered this mushroom to be a formG. Upsense, he was known from the Caucasus (Georgia). There is no information about his presence in Kazakhstan.

The tinder fungus has many varieties, most of which are beneficial to our body. Experienced mushroom pickers know about all its capabilities, but now we will pay attention to its composition, use in medicine and everyday life, and will also tell you how to properly collect, prepare and consume this forest dweller.

Botanical description

Polypores, or tinder fungi, are representatives of a non-systematic group of fungi belonging to the basidiomycetes department. They grow on wood, but sometimes on the ground.

Their hymenophore is tubular, the fruiting bodies are prostrate, sessile or cap-footed, with the appearance of pulp - from fleshy to hard (leathery, corky, woody).

Energy value and calorie content

100 g of this product contains only about 22 kcal, and also:

• proteins - 3.09 g;
• fat - 0.34 g;
• carbohydrates - 3.26 g.

Chemical composition

In addition to the high content of proteins and carbohydrates, tinder fungus contains a lot of fiber, resinous substances, B vitamins, selenium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and manganese.

Medicinal properties

The tinder fungus has many medicinal properties:

• bactericidal;
• antivirus;
• restorative;
• expectorant;
• antitumor;
• wound healing;
• rejuvenating;
• diuretic;
• anti-inflammatory.

Collection and procurement rules

Tinder mushrooms can be harvested throughout the year, but the main thing is that they grow on living trees. The mushroom must be carefully separated from the tree at its base. Don’t forget to cut off the crust and growth from it with a knife.
It is recommended to make the preparation on the day of collection, as these mushrooms harden very quickly. They are usually dried in a stove or in well-ventilated areas.

They can also be prepared in the form of tinctures, which are then stored in the refrigerator, or in the form of crushed powder, stored in a jar or other glass container. Another option is freezing. Then the mushrooms will be able to extend their usefulness to six months, or even up to a year.

Important!When making an infusion, be sure to follow the recipe, otherwise you may encounter side effects after its use: headache, nausea and vomiting.

Application

These mushrooms can be used as follows: medical purposes, and in everyday life.


In medicine

Mushrooms are used to treat many different diseases:

• ulcer;
• various tumors;
• cardiovascular diseases;
• constipation;
• liver dysfunction;
• bladder diseases;
• pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis;
• pancreas;
• gout, etc.

In addition, they promote wound healing, and are also included in recipes for weight loss and against insomnia.

At home

In the old days, tinder fungi were used as tinder (wick), using it to start a fire. Hats and some clothes were made from them, a kind of natural suede was obtained.
Today, these mushrooms are used in beekeeping as fuel for smokers. They are also used in the manufacture of souvenirs, crafts, and pendants.

Did you know?Some contemporary artists To this day, they use felt-tip pens with a homemade rod cut from a tinder fungus. In such an instrument, you can change the shape and size of the writing rod at your discretion. And replacing it with a new one is also not difficult, just go into the forest. Artists believe that in this case the drawn lines turn out to be more juicy and varied.

The role of the fungus in the life of a tree

There are two options here: either cut down the tree, uproot the stump and burn it, or constantly cut off the mushrooms, disinfecting the places where they appear.


Although it cannot be said that the appearance of tinder fungi is an entirely negative phenomenon. Yes, on the one hand they destroy wood healthy tree, weakening it, on the other hand, they participate in the decomposition of dead wood, turning it into humus.

Varieties of tinder fungus

This mushroom has many subspecies. Now we will tell you about its main representatives.

Larch (real)

Larch, or, as it is also called, “real” is the most useful look tinder fungus It is inedible, but medicinal. It is widely used by nutritionists who treat patients with metabolic disorders. It also treats constipation and is used to stop bleeding.

These mushrooms are woody in structure. Their width is from 5 to 40 cm, thickness - 5–20 cm. They are attached to trees sideways.


This inedible mushroom, which mainly settles on dead wood (mainly birch stumps). It is also called the artist's mushroom because when you press on it with a knife, it leaves a dark imprint on which you can draw.

This species is very large, reaching 40–50 cm in diameter. The surface of its cap is matte, and it appears dry in appearance, its color varies from rusty brown to gray-brown.


Lacquered (reishi)

There are no toxic substances in this subspecies. On its basis they make useful cosmetical tools(for example, for skin and nails), and is also used to rejuvenate the entire body and cleanse the liver, which leads to clearing the skin of various rashes.

The color of its cap ranges from reddish to brownish-violet, and sometimes even black with a yellowish tint. It has a smooth surface reminiscent of a varnish coating.


The mushroom has diuretic, antitumor, antibacterial and antiviral properties. It also increases hair growth activity. Young specimens are quite edible; they are used fresh, salted, pickled, or dried.

Outwardly, it somewhat resembles . It often grows at the base of trunks. Its pulp is white, distinguished by an attractive aroma of nuts and mushrooms.


This subspecies is most often used in cooking. Its regular use lowers cholesterol and blood sugar levels and normalizes the condition of the cardiovascular system. Has antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. Vegetarians often replace poultry meat with it.

Important!Only young specimens that grow on coniferous trees, and then only in heat-treated form!

They are usually located low above the ground on tree trunks or stumps. Their flesh is soft and juicy, quite brittle, white, and sour in taste.


The mushroom is inedible. Although some sources say that you can still eat it, but only the cap and only the young mushroom. True, it is absolutely tasteless, so it is difficult to say what is best to cook from it.

His hat is gray-brown, round, with a depressed center and a rolled edge. The leg is velvety, brownish. The pulp is white, hard.


Also an inedible subspecies. It is considered completely useless. The hat can be from 5 to 25 cm in diameter. Its shape is irregular, funnel-shaped with wavy edges. In young specimens they are gray-brown, in mature ones they are rich brown, almost black.


It contains substances with antibiotic properties and antitumor effects. With its help, they treat pulmonary diseases, relieve fever, and help muscle tissue recover. It is not used in cooking.

Its pulp is thin, whitish, with a bitter taste. Young mushrooms may have a slight anise smell. The tubes are short - up to 6 mm long.


Also inedible. Grows on thin fallen branches. Fruits in summer and autumn. The fruiting bodies of this subspecies are small. The diameter of the hat is no more than 5 cm. It is fleshy with thin edges, yellow-brown or ocher in color. The leg is long, thin, dark brown or black.


According to their own medicinal properties looks like a real tinder fungus. It grows on birch trees, which is why it gets its name. Good as an antispasmodic. Appearance resembles a large bud of a brownish hue. The brown rot it produces “kills” the tree very quickly.

Did you know? This subspecies is used for treatment last stage cancer when medications do not work. Birch polypore can stop the growth of metastases and relieve pain. In such cases, pour 1 tablespoon of mushroom powder into 400 ml of boiling water and boil for 20 minutes, then filter and take 1 tablespoon three times a day.




The mushroom is inedible. Its fruit body is in the form of lateral caps, often numerous, yellowish in color. Radiated tinder fungi are formed mainly on the trunks of dead alder, with the exception of birch.


It is used very widely for medicinal purposes: to regulate the functioning of the liver and rehabilitation of cancer patients, the mushroom has hormone-stimulating, immunostimulating and vasodilating effects. It is used in the treatment of alcoholism, and also against the herpes virus.

Hats of this subspecies are usually up to 10 cm in diameter. The top is divided into zones of different colors: white, gray, brown are replaced by blue and almost black.


Another name is motley. Basically, the mushroom is added to ointments against inflammation in the joints, osteochondrosis, arthrosis, and varicose veins. It is a distant relative of the oyster mushroom. It differs from it only in that on the underside of the hat it does not have plates, but tubes.


This mushroom is inedible. It can be used to produce pulp from various waste, because it contains lactose, which destroys lignin. In terms of their structure, these are cork mushrooms with a diameter of 3 to 12 cm. Young specimens have a bright cinnabar-red color, but mature ones fade and become almost ocher in color.


This subspecies is inedible. Its second name is fragrant. Its peculiarity is its anise smell. The fruit body is rusty brown. This mushroom often grows on dead wood and stumps of coniferous trees.


It is not used in cooking, but in medicine - yes. It has anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antiviral properties.

His hats are flat (sometimes uneven), with a velvety surface, which can become bare with age. The fruiting bodies are sometimes covered with algae, which gives them a green tint. The pulp looks like a cork - often white, less often yellowish.


It contains pigments used in industry for coloring. The sewing machine has no smell or taste at all. Its spores are white, with a faint olive-yellow or rust color.

This subspecies settles on the roots of trees, and sometimes goes shallow into the ground. It looks like a typical so-called soil mushroom.


Also known as "mother-in-law's tongue." It is rich in vitamin C, in 100 g of its pulp - daily norm ascorbic acid. It contains carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, various vitamins, and phosphorus. Young “mother-in-law’s tongue” with non-lignified pulp is edible.

Diameter fruiting body sometimes reaches 30 cm. Young liverworts are quite shapeless, and in mature age they become tongue-shaped, leaf-shaped or fan-shaped. Their surface is shiny, smooth, and sticky when wet.

Important!The composition of tinder fungi has not been fully studied, so before starting treatment with them, it is better to consult a specialist.




As you can see, the family of these mushrooms is very diverse. There are both medicinal and edible ones. And there are also dangerous ones! Therefore, be careful before using them and be sure to find out about the properties of each subspecies. We hope that our article will help you with this.

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