Children about edible and poisonous mushrooms with names and descriptions. Edible and non-edible mushrooms in pictures for children Inedible mushrooms drawings for children

Didactic flashcards Mushrooms download - good material for games and activities with kids at home. Cards introduce children to different mushrooms - edible, inedible and poisonous. Well develop thinking, memory, increase vocabulary, learn to generalize and classify.

Didactic flashcards Mushrooms, the set consists of two folders.

• In the first folder there are 24 individual and 4 general cards, they are intended for younger preschoolers.

• The second folder for older preschoolers (real photos of mushrooms) consists of 56 individual and 10 general cards.

To get started, download and print the cards. Link -

For greater density, stick them on cardboard and glue them with a sketch on both sides. So they last longer

Adults themselves can come up with different games and activities. For example:

• With young children, we look at pictures, learn the name of mushrooms.
• With the older guys, we will classify mushroom cards into different groups. Learn generalizing words - "Edible mushrooms", "Inedible mushrooms", "Poisonous mushrooms"

Card games

What are mushrooms called?

This is not a game, but an interesting conversation with children. We show cards and get acquainted with.
The kids will learn why one mushroom is called "boletus", the other - "boletus", and the third - "chanterelle". Older children can already independently answer the questions posed by their parents.

What are the names of mushrooms that grow:

• Under a birch?
• Under the aspen?
• On stumps?

What are mushrooms with a hat called?

• redhead?
• Oily?

What are the names of mushrooms whose names are similar to:

• forest animal;
• Pet.

Show picture

Arrange the mushroom cards face up. An adult says the name of the mushroom, the baby needs to show it in the picture.

Guess where it lies

Take 3 or 4 cards. Together with the baby, name each mushroom shown in the picture. Then turn the pictures over, pattern side down.
Task: remember the names of the mushrooms shown in the picture and show where this or that mushroom hid.

What fungus disappeared

Lay out 3-4 cards of mushrooms in front of the child (for older children 5-6). Invite the child to close their eyes while you remove one picture. Task: Guess which mushroom disappeared?

Lay apart

Give the child a general card of mushrooms. Mix the rest of the cards, ask the baby in the general pile to find the same pictures as on the general card, name them and put them on top of the general one.
If two or three children participate in this game, it will be even better, because then you can arrange a competition. Whoever fills out his general card faster will win.

Edible - inedible

The adult shows the cards and, and the kids answer whether they can be eaten or not. In the end, we summarize why we call some mushrooms “edible”, others “inedible”, and still others “poisonous”?
The game to develop mindfulness, memory, ingenuity; teaches to name and distinguish mushrooms correctly.

mushroom clearing

Lay out the didactic cards Mushrooms throughout the room. Task for the child: Collect only edible mushrooms, leave poisonous ones in the same place.
Try not to prompt the baby with a choice. When the kid copes with the task, look at all the collected mushrooms together, pay attention to the mistakes (if any) and be sure to praise the child for the effort.

I know these mushrooms

• Several children or a child and an adult participate in the game. The first participant, starting the game, says the words; "I know such mushrooms: chanterelle"
• The second repeats the words of the first and adds his own: "I know such mushrooms: chanterelle, wave."
• The third continues the chain further, he repeats the words of the second and adds his own word: “I know such mushrooms: chanterelle, wavelet, fly agaric.”

The task is to continue this chain, repeating the words correctly, without confusing anything.
Tip: the chain should not be long. For starters, 5 - 6 words will be enough.
The game perfectly develops attention, memory.

fourth extra

Lay out the didactic cards Mushrooms on the table. Task: Find an extra card. For example:

1. Russula, boletus, oiler, fly agaric. (Amanita is a poisonous mushroom);
2. Fiber, fly agaric, fly agaric, moss mushroom, pale grebe (Moss mushroom is an edible mushroom);
3. Serushka, russula, morel, violinist (The beginning of the word is the sound C).

Do not rush to explain, let the child think and find the answer on his own. You will definitely ask why he thinks it's superfluous.

The game develops logical thinking, attention, memory, increases the overall level of development of children

• In the future, I plan to make Didactic flashcards on other topics. In order not to miss anything interesting - follow the publications on the site and subscribe to our news (the form on the right side in the sidebar).

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All life on Earth is usually attributed either to the plant or to the animal world, however, there are special organisms - mushrooms, which for a long time scientists found it difficult to attribute to a certain class. Mushrooms are unique in their structure, mode of life and diversity. They are represented by a huge number of varieties and differ in the mechanism of their existence even among themselves. Mushrooms were first attributed to plants, then to animals, and only recently it was decided to attribute them to their own, special kingdom. Mushrooms are neither a plant nor an animal.

What are mushrooms?

Mushrooms, unlike plants, do not contain the pigment chlorophyll, which gives green leaves and extracts nutrients from carbon dioxide. Mushrooms are not able to independently produce nutrients, but extract them from the object on which they grow: tree, soil, plants. Eating ready-made substances brings mushrooms very close to animals. In addition, moisture is vital for this group of living organisms, so they are not able to exist where there is no liquid.

Mushrooms can be hat, mold and yeast. It is the hats that we collect in the forest. Molds are well-known molds, yeasts are yeasts and similar very small microorganisms. Fungi can grow on living organisms or feed on their metabolic products. Fungi can create mutually beneficial relationships with higher plants and insects, these relationships are called symbiosis. Mushrooms are an essential component of the digestive system of herbivores. They play a very important role in the life of not only animals, plants, but also humans.

Diagram of the structure of a cap mushroom

Everyone knows that a mushroom consists of a stem and a cap, and we cut them off when we collect mushrooms. However, this is only a small part of the fungus, called the "fruiting body". By the structure of the fruiting body, you can determine the edible mushroom or not. Fruiting bodies consist of intertwined threads, these are "hyphae". If you turn the mushroom over and look at the cap from below, you will notice that some mushrooms have thin plastics there (these are agaric mushrooms), while others look like a sponge (spongy mushrooms). It is there that spores (very small seeds) are formed that are necessary for the reproduction of the fungus.

The fruiting body is only 10% of the fungus itself. The main part of the fungus is the mycelium, it is not visible to the eye, because it is located in the soil or tree bark and is also an interweaving of hyphae. Another name for mycelium is "mycelium". A large area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe mycelium is necessary for the collection of nutrients and moisture by the fungus. In addition, it attaches the fungus to the surface and promotes further spread along it.

edible mushrooms

The most popular edible mushrooms among mushroom pickers include: white mushroom, boletus, boletus, butterdish, flywheel, honey agaric, milk mushroom, russula, chanterelle, camelina, volnushka.

One mushroom can have many varieties, which is why mushrooms with the same name can look different.

White mushroom (boletus) mushroom pickers adore for its unsurpassed taste and aroma. It is very similar in shape to a barrel. The cap of this mushroom is like a round pillow and has a pale to dark brown color. Its surface is smooth. The pulp is dense, white, odorless and has a pleasant nutty taste. The leg of the white fungus is very voluminous, up to 5 cm thick, white, sometimes beige. Most of it is underground. This mushroom can be harvested from June to October in coniferous, deciduous or mixed forests and its appearance depends on where it grows. You can use white mushroom in any form.

Common boletus

Common boletus (boletus) also a mushroom quite desirable for mushroom pickers. Its hat is also pillow-shaped and is either light brown or dark brown. Its diameter is up to 15 cm. The flesh of the cap is white, but may turn slightly pink on the cut. The length of the leg is up to 15 cm. It widens slightly downward and has a light gray color with brown scales. Boletus grows in deciduous and mixed forests from June to late autumn. He loves the light very much, so most often he can be found on the edges. Boletus can be consumed boiled, fried and stewed.

boletus

boletus(redhead) is easy to recognize by the interesting color of its hat, reminiscent of autumn foliage. The color of the cap depends on the place of growth. It varies from almost white to yellow-red or brown. At the point of fracture, the pulp begins to change color, darkens to black. The boletus leg is very dense and large, reaching a length of 15 cm. In appearance, the boletus differs from the boletus in that it has black spots on its legs, as it were, drawn horizontally, while the boletus has more vertically. This mushroom can be collected from early summer to October. It is most often found in deciduous and mixed forests, in aspen forests and undergrowth.

butterdish

butterdish has a fairly wide hat, up to 10 cm in diameter. It can be colored from yellow to chocolate, convex shape. The peel can be easily separated from the pulp of the cap and to the touch it can be very slimy, slippery. The flesh in the cap is soft, yellowish and juicy. In young butterflies, the sponge under the hat is covered with a white film; in adults, a skirt remains on the leg from it. The leg has the shape of a cylinder. It is yellow at the top and slightly darker at the bottom. Oiler grows in coniferous forests on sandy soil from May to November. It can be consumed pickled, dried and salted.

Kozlyak

Kozlyak very similar to the old butter dish, but the sponge under the hat is darker, with large pores and there is no skirt on the leg.

mokhovik

Mokhoviki have a cushion-shaped hat with a velvety skin from brown to dark green. The leg is dense, yellow-brown. The flesh may turn blue or green on the cut and has a brown color. The most common are green and yellow-brown mossiness mushrooms. They have excellent taste qualities and can be consumed fried and dried. Be sure to clean the hat before eating it. Mossiness mushrooms grow in deciduous and coniferous forests of temperate latitudes from mid-summer to mid-autumn.

Dubovik

Dubovik grows mainly in oak forests. In appearance, it resembles a white mushroom in shape, and in color it resembles a flywheel. The surface of the cap in young mushrooms is velvety, in wet weather it is mucous. From touch, the hat is covered with dark spots. The pulp of the fungus is yellowish, dense, red or reddish at the base of the stem, turns blue on the cut, then turns brown, odorless, the taste is mild. The mushroom is edible, but it is easy to confuse it with inedibles: satanic and gall mushrooms. If part of the leg is covered with a dark mesh, this is not a oak tree, but its inedible counterpart. In an olive-brown oak, the flesh on the cut immediately turns blue, and in a poisonous double, it slowly changes color, first to red, and then turns blue.

All the mushrooms described above are spongy. Among spongy mushrooms, only the gall mushroom and the satanic mushroom are poisonous, they look like white, but immediately change color on the cut, and even pepper is not edible, because it is bitter, about them below. But among the agaric mushrooms there are many inedible and poisonous ones, so the child should remember the names and descriptions of edible mushrooms before going on a “silent hunt”.

Honey agaric

Honey agaric grows on the base of trees, and meadow agaric - in the meadows. Its convex hat up to 10 cm in diameter has a yellowish-brown color, similar to an umbrella. The length of the leg is up to 12 cm. In the upper part it is light and has a ring (skirt), and at the bottom it acquires a brownish tint. The pulp of the mushroom is dense, dryish, with a pleasant smell.

The autumn mushroom grows from August to October. It can be found on both dead and living trees. The hat is brownish, dense, the plates are yellowish, there is a white ring on the leg. Most often it is found in a birch grove. This mushroom can be eaten dried, fried, pickled and boiled.

Autumn honey agaric

Summer honey agaric, like autumn, grows on stumps all summer and even in autumn. Its hat along the edge is darker than in the middle and thinner than that of the autumn honey agaric. There is a brown ring on the leg.

Honey agaric summer

The honey agaric has been growing in meadows and pastures since the end of May. Sometimes mushrooms form a circle, which mushroom pickers call the "witch's ring".

Honey agaric meadow

Russula

Russula have a round cap with easily detachable skin along the edges. The hat reaches 15 cm in diameter. The cap can be convex, flat, concave or funnel-shaped. Its color varies from red-brown and blue-gray to yellowish and light gray. The leg is white, fragile. The flesh is also white. Russula can be found in both deciduous and coniferous forests. They also grow in the birch park, and on the banks of the river. The first mushrooms appear in late spring, and the largest number occurs in early autumn.

Chanterelle

Chanterelle- an edible mushroom that looks and tastes good. Her velvety hat is distinguished by a red color and resembles a funnel in shape with folds along the edges. Its flesh is dense and has the same color as the cap. The hat flows smoothly into the leg. The leg is also red, smooth, tapering downwards. Its length is up to 7 cm. Chanterelle is found in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests. It can often be found in moss and among conifers. It grows from June to November. You can use it in any form.

breast

breast has a concave hat with a funnel in the center and wavy edges. It is firm to the touch and fleshy. The surface of the cap is white and is covered with fluff, it is dry or vice versa, mucous and wet, depending on the type of breast. The pulp is brittle and when broken, a white juice with a bitter taste is released. Depending on the type of milk mushroom, the juice may turn yellow or turn pink when broken. The leg of the mushroom is dense, white. This mushroom grows in deciduous and mixed forests, often covered with dry foliage so that it is not visible, but only a mound is visible. You can collect it from the first summer month to September. Mushrooms are well suited for pickling. Much less often they are fried or consumed boiled. The breast is also black, but black has a much worse taste.

White mushroom (real)

Dry breast (loader)

aspen mushroom

Black breast

Volnushka

Volnushki they are distinguished by a small hat, which has an impression in the center and a beautiful fringe along slightly tucked edges. Its color varies from yellowish to pink. The flesh is white and firm. This is a conditionally edible mushroom. The juice has a very bitter taste, so before you cook this mushroom, you need to soak it for a long time. The leg is dense, up to 6 cm in length. Volnushki love wet areas and grow in deciduous and mixed forests, preferring birch. They are best collected from August to September. Volnushki can be eaten in salted and pickled form.

Ginger

mushrooms similar to volnushki, but larger in size, they do not have a fringe along the edges, they are light orange in color, and the flesh on the cut is also orange, turning green along the edge. The mushroom does not have bitter juice, so you can cook it immediately without soaking it. The mushroom is edible. Ryzhik fried, boiled and marinated.

Champignon

Champignon grow in the forest, and in the city, and even in landfills and basements from summer to autumn. While the mushroom is young, its cap has the shape of a half ball of white or grayish color, the reverse side of the cap is covered with a white veil. When the hat opens, the veil turns into a skirt on a leg, exposing gray plates with spores. Mushrooms are edible, they are fried, boiled, marinated without special pre-treatment.

violinist

A fungus that creaks slightly when you run a fingernail over it or rub hats, many call it a squeaker. It grows in coniferous and deciduous forests, usually in groups. The violinist looks like a milk mushroom, but unlike the milk mushroom, its plates are cast in a yellowish or greenish color, and the hat may also not be pure white, moreover, it is velvety. The flesh of the mushroom is white, very dense, hard, but brittle, with a slight pleasant smell and a very pungent taste. When broken, it exudes a very caustic white milky juice. The white flesh becomes greenish-yellow when exposed to air. Milky juice, drying, becomes reddish. Violin is a conditionally edible mushroom, it is edible in salt form after soaking.

Value (goby) has a light brown hat with whitish plates and a white leg. While the mushroom is young, the cap is bent down and slightly slippery. Young mushrooms are harvested and eaten, but only after removing the skin, prolonged soaking or boiling the mushroom.

You can meet such bizarre mushrooms in the forest and in the meadow: morel, line, dung beetle, blue-green stropharia. They are conditionally edible, but recently they are less and less eaten by people. Young parasol mushroom and puffball are edible.

poisonous mushrooms

Inedible mushrooms or foods containing their poisons can cause severe poisoning and even death. The most life-threatening inedible, poisonous mushrooms include: fly agaric, pale grebe, false mushrooms.

A very noticeable mushroom in the forest. His red hat with white dots is visible to the forester from afar. However, depending on the species, hats can also be of other colors: green, brown, white, orange. The hat is shaped like an umbrella. This mushroom is quite large. The leg usually widens downward. It has a "skirt" on it. It is the remains of a shell in which young mushrooms were located. This poisonous mushroom can be confused with golden-red russula. The russula has a hat that is slightly depressed in the center and there is no "skirt" (Volva).

Pale grebe (fly agaric green) even in small quantities can cause great harm to human health. Her hat can be white, green, gray or yellowish. But the shape depends on the age of the fungus. The cap of a young pale grebe resembles a small egg, and over time it becomes almost flat. The stem of the mushroom is white, tapering downwards. The pulp does not change at the incision site and has no smell. Pale grebe grows in all forests with clay soil. This mushroom is very similar to champignons and russula. However, mushroom plates are usually darker in color, and in pale grebe they are white. Russula does not have this skirt on the leg, and they are more brittle.

false mushrooms can be easily confused with edible mushrooms. They usually grow on stumps. The cap of these mushrooms has a bright color, and the edges are covered with white flaky particles. Unlike edible mushrooms, these mushrooms have an unpleasant smell and taste.

gall fungus- doppelgänger of white. It differs from the boletus in that the upper part of its leg is covered with a dark mesh, and the flesh turns pink when cut.

satanic mushroom also looks like white, but its sponge under the hat is reddish, there is a red mesh on the leg, and the cut becomes purple.

pepper mushroom looks like a flywheel or butter dish, but the sponge under the hat is lilac.

false fox- an inedible twin of a chanterelle. In color, the false chanterelle is darker, reddish-orange, white juice is released at the break of the cap.

Both flywheel and chanterelles also have inedible counterparts.

As you understand, mushrooms are not only those that have a hat and stem and grow in the forest.

• Yeast mushrooms are used to create some drinks, using them in the fermentation process (for example, kvass). Molds are a source of antibiotics and save millions of lives every day. Special types of mushrooms are used to give foods, such as cheeses, a special taste. They are also used to create chemicals.
• Mushroom spores, with the help of which they reproduce, can germinate after 10 years or more.
• There are also predatory species of fungi that feed on worms. Their mycelium forms dense rings, when hit, it is already impossible to escape.
• The oldest mushroom found in amber is 100 million years old.
• An interesting fact is that leaf-cutting ants are able to independently grow the mushrooms they need for food. They acquired this ability 20 million years ago.
• In nature, there are about 68 species of luminous mushrooms. They are most often found in Japan. Such mushrooms are distinguished by the fact that they glow green in the dark, it looks especially impressive if the mushroom grows in the middle of rotten tree trunks.
• Some fungi lead to serious diseases and affect agricultural plants.

Mushrooms are mysterious and very interesting organisms, full of unsolved mysteries and unusual discoveries. Edible species are a very tasty and healthy product, while inedible ones can cause great harm to health. Therefore, it is important to be able to distinguish them and you should not put a mushroom in the basket in which there is no complete certainty. But this risk does not prevent one from admiring their diversity and beauty against the backdrop of blooming nature.

Bright pictures with mushrooms, a story about each mushroom and coloring pages with mushrooms. When exploring the wonderful world of the surrounding nature, do not forget to tell children about mushrooms in more detail -

unique inhabitants of the natural world, occupying a middle position between the animal and plant kingdoms.

Lesson on the topic "Mushrooms" - we think, we reason, we learn

If you ask the kids which group fungi belong to, they will no doubt answer - to plants.

The following arguments can be given as evidence:

• immobile lifestyle;
• passive nutrition (substances dissolved in water).

This is where you can surprise them by telling them that the fungus cell in its structure is more like an animal cell - for example, a beetle or a scorpion, as it is covered with a chitinous (shell) shell. In addition, mushrooms cannot produce their own nutrients under the influence of sunlight, as plants do, which means that this is also a hallmark.

Ask the children: where most often in the forest can you find a mushroom? Of course, under a tree. It is not for nothing that many mushrooms got their names from the names of their best friends - the trees under which they grow (under-aspen, under-birch). And what explains such a neighborhood? Just because fungi cannot provide themselves with all the necessary substances, as plants do. Therefore, many of them try to be friends with trees in order to receive through their roots those products that they lack.

We are thinking about what large groups all mushrooms are divided into? Of course, mushrooms are edible and mushrooms are not edible.

Let the children remember the most famous representatives of each group, and you help them by arming yourself with photographic cards depicting mushrooms in advance.

For better assimilation and greater clarity, on a board or table, fasten cards with the name of the group: “Edible mushrooms” and “Not edible mushrooms”. Send each picture after discussion to the appropriate group. At the same time, twin mushrooms are best studied in parallel, this will teach kids to be careful in the process of collecting them.

In the study of edible mushrooms, the video presentation "Edible mushrooms" will help you:

Mushroom cards

As a rule, children know the following types:

Champignon. This mushroom is specially grown in greenhouses, since, unlike many of its counterparts, it does not need to be near trees. What two distinguishing features of champignon should be remembered? The first is the pink or dark brown color of the plates under the cap. The second is a reddish or yellow hue of the pulp of the mushroom. And, of course, you need to remember the unique aroma of this mushroom, which cannot be confused with anything if you inhale at least once.

Immediately remember what is the name of the twin of this noble mushroom? Of course, a pale toadstool. We examine its image, looking for distinctive features. The most observant will be able to note:

• white color of the plates under the cap;
• the presence of a specific sac at the base of the stem of the fungus.

We add that the flesh of the pale grebe on the cut always remains pale, for which this mushroom got its name.

Russula. This mushroom is distinguished by the brightness and variety of colors of its cap. It differs from grebes in its thick stalk, fleshy cap, and fragile flesh. And it owes its name to the fact that it does not require long-term cooking, as it does not contain harmful substances.

Boletus. One of the brightest representatives of the union of mushrooms with trees. It is distinguished by the unusual (mottled) color of its legs and the tubular structure of the cap.

Boletus. From its name it can be seen that this mushroom is especially friendly with aspen. And his cap is bright red, the same as aspen leaves in autumn.

Ryzhik differs from other mushrooms not only in its color, but also in the fact that its cut acquires a blue tint over time.

Honey mushrooms. Friendly mushrooms that grow on the stumps of felled or dead trees. One of the latest mushrooms, appear only at the beginning of autumn.

Oily. Unusual mushrooms growing in coniferous forests. Their cap is covered with a layer of oily liquid, for which they got their name.

Breast. Everyone's favorite, the king of salted mushrooms. It has an unusual shape and a short leg. It occurs in two forms - wet (its surface is fringed and slightly moist) and dry - with a smooth hat.

White mushroom, boletus. A noble representative of his kind. The owner of a very thick, fleshy light leg and cap with a tubular bottom structure.

Chanterelles. Unusual red mushrooms, in which the leg smoothly turns into a hat with a wavy edge.

Speaking of chanterelles, you immediately need to remember their dangerous counterpart - false chanterelles, and pay attention to their differences from real ones: an unpleasant smell, bright color (with a reddish tint), smooth edges of the cap.

We immediately recall the most famous non-edible mushroom -. We are discussing where this name could come from. The children remember the fact that the fly agaric is very dangerous for various insects, and our ancestors laid out its mushrooms on the windows so that flies would not fly into the house.

Every kid knows what this mushroom looks like, its color is so unique. Children will also be interested to know that the fly agaric hat can be not only red, but also brown or yellow.

And finally, let's remember another unusual representative of the mushroom kingdom - truffle. This delicacy mushroom grows in deciduous forests, and under a layer of earth. Therefore, various methods are used to extract it. Pigs and specially trained dogs find truffles especially well.

For greater clarity, we use a poster depicting all common edible and non-edible mushrooms, among which we find friends, and we also study previously unseen mushrooms.

Through the poster, on which the images of mushrooms are drawn, we smoothly move on to the next, reinforcing part of the lesson - pictures with mushrooms. Some of them display the main features of each mushroom, making it recognizable. On others, we see the general contours of mushrooms. You can offer kids riddles or poems about mushrooms that fit the pictures.

A picture for children mushroom (poems about mushrooms, riddles about mushrooms) are used to consolidate knowledge of the names of the main parts of the mushroom; with the help of them, we are trying to remember how and in what parts, as well as the characteristic place of their habitat, those mushrooms that we studied today differ from each other.

Riddles about mushrooms

For example, you can offer such rhymes and riddles:

My hat -

Where the needles are.

Shines in the sun

Slides in the hands. (oiler)

With a thick leg, small,

He hid in the moss ... (boletus).

If I get into the basket -

You will have a supply for the winter.

I taste very good!

Guessed? This is ... (breast).

Lead a friendly round dance

Red sisters.

Everyone will immediately understand:

In front of him ... (chanterelles).

He sits bravely on a stump

Bunch of brave guys.

Everyone can easily recognize them:

Who doesn't know about .... (again)?

All shades and colors

Those mushroom caps.

Collect them without haste

Very fragile ... (russula).

Look at the video riddles about mushrooms:

As the end of the lesson, in order to include motor memory in the work, in the final part we offer the kids to work with coloring. Coloring mushroom sets the kids in a calm way.

Coloring pages with mushrooms

At the end of the work, you need to consider all the results and even make an impromptu exhibition of mushrooms painted in bright colors.

Presentation "mushrooms for children" on video:

Pictures with mushrooms

Someone may find pictures with funny house mushrooms useful.

Synopsis of GCD in the middle group on the topic: "Oh, mushrooms, mushrooms"

Komova Lyubov Nikolaevna, teacher of MBDOU "Kindergarten No. 90", Cherepovets.
Material Description: I bring to your attention a summary of direct educational activities on the topic: "Oh, mushrooms, mushrooms." This material will be useful to educators of children of the 5th year of life at a preschool educational institution.

Target: Introduction to mushrooms.
Tasks:
Educational: Expand children's knowledge about mushrooms (name, place of growth, structure); learn to distinguish between edible and inedible mushrooms.
Developing: Develop children's active vocabulary (names of mushrooms)
Educational: Cultivate respect for nature, friendliness.
Materials and equipment:
Basket with mushrooms covered with a handkerchief
Audio recording "Sounds of the Forest"
Caps of edible mushrooms by the number of children
Squirrel (bee-ba-bo)
Models of mushrooms (white mushroom, boletus, boletus, chanterelles, fly agaric, pale grebe)
Educational areas:
cognitive development
Social and communicative development
Preliminary work:
1. Reading V. Kataev "Mushrooms", V. Suteev "Under the mushroom"
2. Examining the album with illustrations "Mushrooms"
Stroke:
The teacher brings a basket closed with a handkerchief to the group. Attracts the attention of children.

Educator: Children, look what I have in my hands! Do you want to know what's there?
Children: Yes!
Educator: In the summer it grows in the forest,
It doesn't go into the basket.
He needs to bow
Cut off the leg, do not be lazy,
Then he takes off his hat
It makes delicious food.
What grows under the hat
Doesn't he go to the basket?
Children: Mushroom.
The teacher removes the handkerchief, shows the mushrooms to the children.
Educator: Children, where do you think these mushrooms come from?
Children:(children's guesses)
Educator: Where do mushrooms grow?
Children: In the woods.
Educator: I propose to go to the forest and find out who sent us such a gift.
The children agree.
The teacher turns on the audio recording "Sounds of the Forest"
Educator:
We are going to the forest today. Children go around
That forest is full of wonders!
It rained yesterday in the forest - Shake brushes
This is very good. Clap your hands
We will look for mushrooms Place hand on forehead
And collect in a basket. Squatting, picking mushrooms
Here sit the butterflies Pointing to the right
On the stump - mushrooms. Pointing to the left
Well, and you, fly agaric, They threaten with a finger.
Decorate the autumn forest.
Good forest, old forest. Children go around
Full of fabulous wonders!
We are going for a walk now
And we invite you with us!
Educator: Here we are in the forest. See how many mushrooms are around. Let's take a closer look.
Children are seated on a rug (in a clearing).
Slide number 1 White mushroom

Educator: At the hillock on the path
The mushroom stands on a thick stem.
A little wet from the rain
The porcini mushroom is large and important.
Educator: This mushroom is called white mushroom. He has a leg and a hat. ( shows) What color is the cap of the mushroom?
Children: The hat is brown.
Educator: What color is the stem of the mushroom?
Children: The leg is white.
Educator: The porcini mushroom has a very thick and strong leg. If this mushroom is cut, then in the middle it will be white. Hence the name of this mushroom. The white mushroom is considered the king of mushrooms (the main one in the forest). Because it is the largest mushroom in the forest and valuable (delicious). He is very fond of mushroom pickers. And who are mushroom pickers?
Children: People who collect mushrooms.
Slide number 2 Boletus

Educator: How good are
In red hats, strong men!
I have them early in the morning
I will collect under the aspen.
This mushroom is called boletus. It grows under an aspen, which is why it is called aspen.
Educator: What does a boletus have?
Children: Leg and hat.
caregiver: What color is the hat?
Children: The hat is red.
Educator: And the leg?
Children: The leg is white with black.
Slide number 3 Boletus

Educator: Before us is another mushroom.
Educator: This is a boletus. Why do you think it's called that?
Children: Grows under a birch.
Educator: Under the birch ahead -
boletus, look
On a high slender leg ...
A little dotted leg!
How is it different from boletus?
Children: hat. The boletus has a brown hat.
Slide number 4 Chanterelles

Educator: Here are the beautiful foxes.
Very friendly sisters.
They are not easy to hide.
Seen very far.
Educator: Who can say why these mushrooms are called so?
Children: They are red like foxes.
Educator: Children, what mushrooms did we meet in the clearing?
Children: Chanterelles, boletus, boletus, white mushroom.
Educator: You can eat all these mushrooms, cook different dishes from them (fry, dry, cook mushroom soup). Therefore, all of them can be called edible.
The outdoor game "Mushroom Picker and Mushrooms" is being held
According to the counting rhyme, a mushroom picker is selected, the rest of the children are mushrooms (they put a hat on their heads with the image of a mushroom)
Educator: Here is a forest clearing
There are edible mushrooms here.
I invite everyone to the game
We play, you drive!
Mushrooms grow in a clearing, at the signal of the teacher “The mushroom picker is coming”, the children scatter, the mushroom picker catches. The game is played several times.
After the game, the children sit down.
A squirrel appears.
Squirrel: Hello children!
Children: Hello squirrel!
Squirrel: What are you doing in the forest?
Children: We want to know who sent us a basket of mushrooms as a gift.
Squirrel:It's me. There are a lot of mushrooms in the forest in summer. But you need to be careful, in addition to edible mushrooms, inedible ones also grow in the forest.
Educator: Squirrel, let's introduce children to inedible mushrooms.
Slide number 5 Fly agaric

Educator: This mushroom grows in the forest
Don't put it in your mouth!
He's not sweet at all
Dots on the hat
Red like a tomato
Inedible fly agaric!
See what the fly agaric looks like.
Children: White leg, red hat with white dots.
Educator: It is beautiful and bright, but very dangerous because it is poisonous. In no case should you touch it with your hands and even kick it with your feet.
Slide number 5 Pale grebe

Educator: Here is another poisonous mushroom for humans.
Pale-faced grebes
They roam the clearing in a flock.
I will not play with them.
I'll go and forget.
Why should these mushrooms be avoided?
Children: They are poisonous, inedible, they should not be touched.
Educator: Never eat
unfamiliar berries...
And mushrooms - toadstools
It is not necessary to drag into the mouth:
The head will spin
Stomach hurts
And from poisoning
The doctor won't save.
Educator: What mushrooms did we meet?
Children: Edible and inedible.
Didactic game "Pick mushrooms"
Models of familiar mushrooms are laid out in the clearing, children collect only edible ones.
Squirrel: Look how many mushrooms are in the clearing! Children, help me collect edible mushrooms.
Educator: Finding mushrooms is not difficult.
You need to take them carefully.
It's good to know them
What would grebes do not score.
After the children have collected mushrooms, the teacher asks everyone what kind of mushroom he found.
Educator: What can we call all the mushrooms that we have collected?
Children: Edible mushrooms.
Educator: What mushrooms are left in the clearing?
Children: Inedible, poisonous.
Educator: Let's name them.
Children: Fly agaric, pale grebe.
Educator: We played with mushrooms
And now it's time for us to mom.
Children thank the squirrel and return to the group.

Speech therapy classes with children are much more productive if you use special visual material. This is especially necessary to do when the baby's personal experience (on the topic under discussion) is not too great. For example, preschoolers rarely see mushrooms, they have vague ideas about their different types, so high-quality images of these “forest gifts” can not only develop children's speech, but also significantly enrich knowledge about the world around them, nature.

If you want to use pictures of mushrooms for classes with children, then you should consider a few rules for their use:

• Give the child the opportunity to examine well, study new images in each drawing, and only then use them for developmental exercises or games.
• Pay attention to the quality of the pictures. It is best to use special speech therapy illustration sets produced for kindergarten, but you can also take realistic images from the Internet or use photographs.
• Be sure to select a variety of handouts - both subject pictures and plot pictures. The first ones are small cards with single images of mushrooms, and the second ones are illustrations of a real (hedgehog with mushrooms) or fabulous (a series of pictures Under the mushroom) situation on the topic. For the development of the speech of preschoolers, both types of visual material are necessary.
• Any illustration for classes should be made in a realistic manner, exactly repeating all the elements of the external structure of an object.
• It is most convenient to use cards with names that older preschoolers can read for themselves.
• Images of mushrooms on a transparent background greatly expand the possibilities of using them when compiling stories.

Cards by Glen Doman on the topic “Mushrooms”:

Tasks

There are so many representatives of this natural kingdom that each species allows you to offer the child special tasks. To do this, of course, you need to choose suitable pictures with mushrooms for children, as close as possible to natural ones.

Russula

• What color are the caps of these mushrooms?
• Explain what their name says?

• Count: one honey agaric - two honey agarics - three ...
• Think and tell why honey mushrooms are often called "friendly"?

• Compare fox and fox. How does a chanterelle mushroom look like a red beast?
• What fox can be seen in the kitchen? (fried, boiled, pickled, dried, salted, fresh)

• Where does the boletus like to grow the most? What tree "gave" him his name?
• How can you call a grove in which only aspen mushrooms grow? (aspen, aspen)

boletus

• What happens if you uproot mushrooms, and not cut with a knife? Why can't this be done?
• In what forest can you most often find a boletus (in a birch grove, in a birch forest).

Borovik (white mushroom)

• Describe the appearance of a boletus.
• Explain why it is also called "white"?
• Can someone hide under a mushroom if it has grown very large?

• Why can't you pick fly agarics?
• What other inedible mushrooms do you know?

Death cap

• Tell us about what poisonous mushrooms are and why pale grebes are considered so dangerous to people?
• Why is no one picking up harmful mushrooms?

Games

Different pictures of mushrooms for children allow you to conduct many kinds of speech therapy games. Here are some examples:

• We collect mushrooms

Each player chooses one picture with a mushroom and tries to describe its external features. If the other player guessed correctly, then the card goes to him. The one with the most pictures wins.

• How are we similar?

An adult chooses two cards (boletus-boletus, white-butter, russula-fly agaric) and invites children to see as many differences between them as possible. The one who gives the answer last wins.

• Cheerful chefs

Invite the children to “cook” a meal of various edible mushrooms they know. Everyone must choose one picture and name a dish that can be cooked with certain mushrooms (for example: porcini mushroom soup, pickled butter, boletus in sour cream, salted milk mushrooms, etc.

• Oh, what a honey agaric we have!

The image of any mushroom is transferred from one player to another. Everyone names one of its signs, distinctive features of the external structure. The winner is the participant who can see and name some detail last.

• Tales from storytellers

Ask each player to choose one specially selected mushroom picture for children. Then everyone has to come up with a short story about their character. Tell about his character, habits, occupations. For example, Borovik is the king of all mushrooms in the forest, he is strict and important, busy with state affairs from morning to evening, loves to play football and play the balalaika. Older preschoolers can be invited to come up with (in a circle) a whole story about the mushroom kingdom, you can also draw illustrations for the fairy tale together.

• Mosaic: find a piece

Make cut-out pictures from the cards and invite the child to collect them. You can use drawings of poisonous and edible mushrooms for this game.

• full basket

Invite the child to select a few cards (he will need a small basket for this), memorize them well and repeat all the names by heart without looking into the basket again. Each player can try to become a mushroom picker by collecting their own set of cards.

Riddles

With children it is very useful to learn riddles on a chosen topic. This helps not only to train the memory and attention of a preschooler, but also significantly increases his vocabulary, and also allows you to automate difficult sounds. Here is a selection of suitable riddles called Basket of Mushrooms for Toddlers:

coloring pages

Coloring drawings is very important for the development of fine motor skills of the baby, for his speech development. Younger preschoolers need to be offered larger, simple contour images of the most famous mushrooms (white, fly agaric), and for older children it would be more correct to select drawings with miniature mushrooms, chanterelles, and russula. Make sure that children do the work only with pencils, it is this condition that provides the value of coloring.