What family does peppermint belong to? Mint. Peppermint leaves. Peppermint oil. Peppermint uses
Russian name
Peppermint leavesLatin name of the substance Peppermint leaves
Folia Menthae piperitae ( genus. Foliorum Menthae piperitae)Pharmacological group of the substance Peppermint leaves
Nosological classification (ICD-10)
Typical clinical and pharmacological article 1
Characteristic. Contains essential oil, ursolic and oleanoic acids, tannins, flavonoids, carotenoids, betaine, hesperedin, trace elements (Cu 2+, Mn, strontium). Content essential oil not less than 0.3% (which contains about 50% menthol and its esters, 3-pinene, limonene, cineole, dipentene, pulegone and other terpenoids).
Pharmaceutical action. A product of plant origin, the infusion has a sedative, moderate antispasmodic, choleretic, antiemetic and local irritant (irritates the nerve endings of the mucous membranes) effect. When applied to mucous membranes, it has a moderate analgesic effect.
Indications. Nausea, vomiting, smooth muscle spasm (renal colic, biliary colic, intestinal colic). Improving the taste of potions (for tinctures).
Contraindications. Hypersensitivity, early childhood. Diabetes(for tablets).
Dosing. Orally, as an infusion, 70-100 ml 2-3 times a day, 15 minutes before meals or 15 ml of peppermint water every 3 hours.
To prepare the infusion, place 1 briquette or 1 tablespoon of crushed raw materials (5 g) in an enamel bowl, pour 200 ml of hot boiled water, close with a lid and heat in a boiling water bath with frequent stirring for 15 minutes, cool at room temperature for 45 minutes, filter, squeeze out the remaining raw materials. The volume of the resulting infusion is adjusted boiled water up to 200 ml.
Filter bags: 2-3 filter bags are placed in a glass or enamel container, pour 200 ml of boiling water, cover with a lid and leave for 20 minutes; The filter bags are wrung out, and the volume of the resulting infusion is adjusted to 200 ml with boiled water. Take orally, 15 ml (1 tablespoon) every 2-3 hours.
Sublingually, 1-2 tablets.
Tincture: orally, 10-15 drops per dose every 3 hours.
Side effect. Allergic reactions.
Special instructions. Store the finished infusion in a cool, dark place for no more than 2 days.
State Register medicines. Official publication: in 2 volumes - M.: Medical Council, 2009. - Volume 2, part 1 - 568 pp.; Part 2 - 560 s.
Interactions with other active ingredients
Trade names
| Name | The value of the Vyshkowski Index ® |
Mentha piperita L.
Peppermint- a perennial herbaceous, very aromatic plant with a horizontal creeping rhizome, from which several stems grow in the spring. Peppermint stems are erect, tetrahedral, branched, covered with short dark purple hairs. Peppermint leaves oblong in shape, pointed at the top, jagged at the edges, dark green above, lighter below, covered with sparse hairs. The flowers are small, light purple in color, collected in spike-shaped inflorescences. The fruit is dry, consisting of 4 reddish nuts. Peppermint blooms in July-August.
Peppermint spread
Peppermint is known only in cultivation. Widely cultivated in Ukraine, Belarus, the south of the European part of Russia, the foothills of the Caucasus, and Central Asia.
Peppermint preparation
For medicinal purposes, use herbs (leaves, stems, flowers) and peppermint leaves. Harvesting medicinal raw materials during the flowering of the plant, when half of the flowers in the inflorescence have already bloomed, and the other half are still in buds. Dry medicinal raw materials in well-ventilated areas or in dryers with active air circulation. Shelf life of the prepared product medicinal raw materials - 2 years.
Peppermint composition
Part peppermint leaves enters a lot biologically active substances-glycosides, phytosterols, sugars, essential oil, ascorbic acid, starch, mucus, pectin. Most of the essential oil is contained in the flowers of the plant. The oil is colorless, with a yellowish tint, with a refreshing, pleasant taste and smell. The main component of mint essential oil is menthol, which is released from the oil in the form of crystals when strongly cooled.
Peppermint medicinal properties
Peppermint preparations have anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, sedative, choleretic effects, and improve digestion.
Peppermint uses
Peppermint preparations are taken for hypertension, insomnia, migraines, liver diseases, stomach and intestinal cramps, flatulence and to improve appetite. IN folk medicine infusions and decoctions peppermint leaves used for angina pectoris, excessive and painful menstruation, nausea, and also externally in the form of baths for young children with allergic rashes, scrofula, rickets, intestinal colic.
Peppermint herb decoction
2 tablespoons of dried crushed peppermint herb are placed in an enamel bowl, pour 200 ml (1 glass) of hot water, boil over low heat for 5-6 minutes, leave for 30 minutes, then filter. Take 1/4-1/2 cup 2-3 times a day before meals, warm, for angina pectoris.
Bath infusion
The infusion is prepared at the rate of 50 grams (4-5 tablespoons) of dried, crushed peppermint herb per 1 liter of hot boiled water.
Remedy for Hysteria
Place 3 tablespoons of dried crushed peppermint herb in a thermos in the evening and pour 600 ml (3 cups) of boiling water. In the morning, strain the infusion and take 1/2 cup 4 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
Mentha piperita
Taxon: family Lamiaceae ( Lamiaceae) or Lamiaceae ( Labiatae)
Other names: English mint, cold mint
English: Brandy Mint, Lamb Mint, Peppermint
Botanical description
Peppermint is a perennial herbaceous plant with erect tetrahedral stems up to 100 cm high. The rhizome is horizontal, branched, with thin fibrous roots extending from its nodes. The leaves are short-petiolate, elongated-ovate, pointed, with a heart-shaped base and sharp-serrate edges, dark green above, light green below, 3-6 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide. The flowers are small, red-violet, collected at the tops shoots into capitate-spike-shaped inflorescences. The fruit consists of 4 nuts (seeds) of a dark brown color, about 0.75 mm long, enclosed in a calyx. Blooms from late June to September.
Spreading
Peppermint is not found anywhere in the wild; it was first bred in England, believed to be through crossing wild species mint - watermint (Mentha aquatica) And mint (Mentha spicata).
It is grown as an essential oil and medicinal crop in many countries. There are about 20 types of mint in our country.
Like many other species that have arisen through hybridization, peppermint produces almost no viable seeds. Its propagation is carried out vegetatively, by segments of rhizomes.
Collection and preparation of peppermint
Mint leaves are harvested in July-August at the beginning or during flowering, when most of the flowers are in the budding phase. At this time, the essential oil accumulates in the greatest number. Later, when leaf growth stops, the evaporation of essential oil increases and its amount decreases. Dried mint raw materials are light or dark green in color, with shiny glands containing essential oil at the bottom. Dry in air, in a place protected from the sun, store in thick paper bags or tin cans so that the essential oil does not evaporate. When dry, mint can be stored for 2 years.
The active ingredient of mint is essential oil, which is contained in the leaves of the plant in an amount from 2.40 to 3.75%, in the inflorescences - 4-6%, in the stems - up to 0.3%. Essential oil basically consists of menthol (41-65%). Mint leaves, in addition to essential oil, contain carotene, hesperiin, betaine, ursolic and oleanolic acids; trace elements: manganese, strontium, etc.
Healing properties of mint
Mint has a warming and astringent effect. The main active ingredient is menthol, which when applied to the mucous membranes or rubbed into the skin, irritates the nerve endings and causes a feeling of cold and tingling. When cold receptors are stimulated, superficial vessels narrow and the vessels reflexively dilate internal organs. This probably explains the relief of pain under the influence of menthol in angina pectoris. It is taken on a piece of sugar for pain in the heart. Menthol also has a mild local anesthetic effect. By irritating the receptors of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, menthol causes increased peristalsis, so it is also prescribed for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, spastic colitis and enterocolitis. At the same time, it has an antiseptic effect. The irritating and antiseptic effect of essential oil leads to the limitation of the processes of decay and fermentation and increased secretion of the digestive glands. Fresh leaves contain more menthol, but less oil than dried leaves.
Application in medicine
Peppermint is known as an old remedy, first used in the form of infusions and tinctures. A decoction of mint is useful to drink for patients with jaundice, with interruptions in the heart, with muscle rupture, with inflammation of the sciatic nerve. Peppermint oil is used for diseases of the liver and gall bladder, which increases the amount of bile and the concentration of bile acids. Peppermint promotes brain function. According to legends.
Medications peppermint
Infusion of peppermint leaves: brew 5 g of leaves in a thermos with 1 glass of boiling water and leave for 10-15 minutes, then strain. Drink 1 tbsp. l. every 3 hours for gastritis with increased acidity of gastric juice, colitis, liver disease, gall bladder, bloating, intestinal colic, nausea, in particular with toxicosis of pregnant women. In folk medicine, peppermint leaves are used for high acidity of gastric juice in the following mixture: crushed peppermint leaves 15 g, bean 2 g, yarrow flower heads 15 g, St. John's wort herb 30 g. Two tbsp. l. the mixture is poured with 2 cups of boiling water, steamed for 2 hours, filtered and taken throughout the day, the entire portion is 1-2 tbsp. l. appointment.
Infusion of mint herb: brew 1 cup of boiling water 1 tbsp. l. herbs, leave for 1 hour, strain. Drink 1 tbsp. l. 3-5 times a day for stomach and intestinal cramps, bloating, diarrhea, as an expectorant and diaphoretic for cough, heart disease, and nervous disorders.
For low acidity, use a mixture of the following composition: peppermint leaves 20 g, cudweed herb and knotweed herb 15 g each, yarrow flowers 15 g, chamomile flowers, dill seeds, caraway seeds, valerian root 10 g each, hops 5 g. Mixture mix and pour 4 spoons into 1 liter of boiling water (5 glasses), leave in the oven for 10-12 hours. In the morning, drink 1 glass on an empty stomach, and then 1 glass every 2 hours during the day.
A decoction of mint, taken 1 glass in the morning and evening, promotes digestion and gives the face a healthy, cheerful appearance.
A decoction of mint is used for baths for rickets, scrofula, and joint pain. To prepare the decoction, boil 50 g of mint in 8 liters of water for 15 minutes and leave for 30 minutes.
A decoction prepared with vinegar calms bloody vomiting if taken 1-2 tbsp daily. l., and infusion; cooked with milk, relieves stomach pain. The decoction calms the nerves, reduces headaches, and helps with diarrhea and belching. Take mint decoction, like all decoctions, regularly, in the morning on an empty stomach, in the evening before bed. Drink a cup of warm broth slowly, in small sips.
A decoction of fresh mint in wine, used as a lotion, destroys black spots on the skin, as well as dark circles that form under the eyes.
A decoction of mint prepared in water or wine destroys.
A decoction of mint with honey is used for sore throat, cough, and choking. Mint is used externally in many cases, in particular, when milk stagnation occurs in nursing mothers, it is recommended to cover the breasts with fresh mint.
Peppermint oil is used in dental practice as an admixture to tooth powders, pastes and mouthwashes. Sometimes used internally, 1-3 drops per sugar for.
Peppermint tincture is used internally as an admixture to mixtures, dental fluids, etc., as an antiemetic, carminative and remedy.
Mint infusion or powder (3-4 pinches in food and water) should be taken more often in case of loss of strength, palpitations, attacks of nausea and vomiting.
Fresh leaves applied to wounds and ulcers.
For severe symptoms, mint herb should be applied to the forehead.
Mint juice, drunk mixed with vinegar, stops internal bleeding.
Medicinal bandages are made from mint and oatmeal for ulcers, and for headaches, medicinal bandages made from mint mixed with barley flour are applied to the forehead.
If your tongue is rough, just rub it with mint and the disease will disappear.
For ear disease, mint juice mixed with honey-sweetened water is instilled into the ear.
A medicinal mint dressing stops milk flow and prevents breast drooping.
Mint, especially its seeds, helps with the bite of a rabid dog, other animals, and also with a scorpion sting.
Use on the farm
Mint is used as a seasoning that improves the taste and smell of food; it is added to tea for aroma. If you throw a few bunches of mint into milk, it will not curdle. Peppermint herb scattered indoors scents the air and repels mice and ants.
Photos and illustrations
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Rice. 5.5. Peppermint – Mentha piperita L.
Peppermint leaves-folia menthae piperitae
Peppermint oil– oleum menthae piperitae
- mentha piperita l.
Sem. Lamiaceae- lamiaceae (labiatae)
Other names: English mint, chilly mint, cold mint, chilly mint.
Perennial herbaceous rhizomatous plant.
Stems erect, branched, tetrahedral, 30-100 cm high.
Leaves crosswise opposite, oblong-ovate, large, up to 8 cm long, about 3 cm wide, with a pointed apex and slightly heart-shaped base, short-petiolate, with an unevenly serrated edge, dark green in color.
Flowers collected in an inflorescence - a spicate thyrsus.
Cup five-toothed, almost regular, corolla four-lobed (not bilabial), pinkish or pale purple.
Fetus– coenobium, disintegrating into 4 dark brown lobes (erema), enclosed in a cup (Fig. 5.5).
Smell. The whole plant has a pleasant, “minty” smell.
Blooms in July - September.
Fruit rarely forms, as it is a hybrid.
Composition of peppermint leaves and oil
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Chemical composition of peppermint leaves
Found in leaves
- flavonoids,
- ursolic and oleanolic acids,
- carotenoids,
- tannins (6-12%),
- microelements.
Peppermint leaves contain up to 3% essential oil,
inflorescences - 4-6%,
stems – up to 0.3%.
Chemical composition of essential oil
Main component of essential oil- menthol (50-80%).
In addition to menthol, the oil contains
- menton (12-25%),
- menthyl acetate,
- mentofuran,
- limonene,
- cineole,
- pulegone and other monocyclic terpenoids,
- Azulenes were also isolated.
Properties and uses of peppermint and menthol
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Pharmacotherapeutic group. Antispasmodic, sedative, choleretic, local irritant.
Pharmacological properties of peppermint
The main active ingredient in peppermint essential oil is menthol.. When applied to mucous membranes or rubbed into the skin, menthol irritates nerve endings, causing a feeling of cold and tingling.
When cold receptors are stimulated The superficial vessels narrow and the vessels of the internal organs reflexively dilate. This obviously explains the reduction in pain under the influence of menthol in angina pectoris.
Menthol has vasoactive properties:
- regulates arteriovenous tone,
- prevents increased tone of intracranial veins caused by taking nitroglycerin,
- promotes the outflow of blood through the external veins.
Menthol also has mild local anesthetic effect.
Irritating receptors of the mucous membrane stomach and intestines, menthol enhances peristalsis and secretion of the digestive glands.
Peppermint oil vapor have antimicrobial properties, especially pronounced against Staphylococcus aureus and a number of spore-forming bacteria.
Peppermint oil azulenes have anti-inflammatory and capillary-strengthening effects.
Peppermint leaf preparations have a choleretic property, which is associated with polyphenolic compounds. They not only enhance the exocrine function of the liver, change the composition of bile, increase the excretion of cholates, cholesterol and bilirubin with bile, but also increase the antitoxic function of the liver, normalize metabolism, and reduce swelling of hepatocytes during hepatitis.
Mint preparations have sedative and antispasmodic effect.
Peppermint uses
Peppermint has long been used in the form of herbal preparations, infusions and tinctures, as part of preparations.
Mint is used
- as a remedy that reflexively improves blood circulation in the vessels of the brain and heart,
- as an antispasmodic agent for spastic phenomena in gastrointestinal tract, bile ducts, pancreatic ducts.
Peppermint preparations are used
- as a pain reliever for neuralgia, toothache,
- How antiseptic for inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and stomatitis.
From peppermint and menthol essential oil A large number of complex medicinal products and herbal remedies are produced.
Mint varieties with low menthol content used as a spice in cooking.
Precautions!
Mint and its preparations it is forbidden use uncontrollably.
For children early age lubricating the mucous membranes of the nose and nasopharynx with menthol contraindicated, since reflex depression and respiratory arrest are possible.
Strong smell mint preparations, exceeding their dose in inhalation devices can also provoke in adults bronchospasm, breathing disorders.
With excessive consumption Peppermint preparations may cause pain in the heart and urinary incontinence.
Spreading
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Spreading. The plant does not occur in the wild; it is a hybrid of watermint and spearmint (M. aquatica L. × M. spicata Gilib.). Introduced into culture in early XVIII V. It is the leading crop of predominantly southern farms in Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, in Russia - in the Voronezh region and Krasnodar region. Two forms of mint are cultivated: black and white. The menthol content in them reaches 60-70%.
Habitat. Cultivated on developed, fertile lowland moist lands. Propagated exclusively vegetatively, by pieces of rhizomes or rooted young shoots 20-40 cm long, less often by seedlings. The plant is grown in one place for no more than 3 years. Cultivation is almost completely mechanized.
Procurement and storage of raw materials
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Preparation. Mint leaves are harvested at the onset of flowering in about half of the plants (July - August). The above-ground part is mowed, withered in windrows and dried on outdoors in the shadow. The dried grass is threshed, the stems are separated and discarded.
To obtain oil, raw materials are collected in the mass flowering phase, in the first half of the day, during the period of greatest accumulation of oil.
Security measures. It is not allowed to pull out plants by their roots.
Drying. In the shade in the air, on currents or in dryers. Then the raw materials are shaken with a pitchfork at the drying site. Receive high-quality sheet raw materials. The essential oil is extracted from the remaining herb.
Standardization. GF XI, issue. 2, Art. 18 and Changes No. 1-5.
Storage. In a cool place, in a well-sealed container according to the rules for storing essential oil raw materials. Shelf life: 2 years. The essential oil content is checked annually.
External signs of raw materials
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Whole raw materials
Pieces of leaves various shapes up to 10 mm or more in size with an admixture of flowers and buds.
Leaf edge sharp-serrated; veins of the second order depart from the main one at an acute angle and anastomose among themselves in arcs parallel to the edge of the leaf.
Leaves bare, only below along the veins there are sparse pressed hairs and shiny yellow glands throughout the plate, visible under a magnifying glass.
Color leaves from light green to dark green. The smell is strong, aromatic, and intensifies when the leaves are rubbed.
Taste hot, spicy, cooling.
Powder
Pieces of leaves of various shapes passing through a sieve with holes 2 mm in diameter.
Microscopy of a mint leaf
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When looking at the sheet From the surface on the upper and lower sides, epidermal cells with highly convoluted walls and stomata with two parastomatal cells located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the stomata (diacitic type) are visible.
Along the veins and along the edge of the leaf simple 2-4 cell hairs with a warty cuticle are visible.
Over the entire surface there are small capitate hairs, consisting of a short unicellular stalk and a unicellular obovate head.
In small recesses essential oil glands are visible on both sides of the leaf; they have a short stalk and a rounded head, consisting of 8, rarely 6, radially located excretory cells (not always clearly visible) (Fig. 5.6).
Medicines based on mint
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- Peppermint leaves, crushed raw materials. Antispasmodic, choleretic agent.
- As part of the collection (sedative No. 1-2; gastric No. 3; gastrointestinal; carminative; thoracic No. 4; expectorant; choleretic No. 1-3; urological (diuretic); anticoagulant collection "Kasmin"; collection for the preparation of medicine according to prescription M N. Zdrenko).
- Peppermint tincture (tincture (1:20) in 90% ethanol with the addition of an equal amount of peppermint oil). Antispasmodic, sedative, analgesic.
- Mint tablets (contain mint oil and sugar). Sedative, antispasmodic for nausea, vomiting, smooth muscle spasms.
- Peppermint oil is included large number combination medications (Valocordin, Corvalol, Ingalipt, Olimethin, Urolesan, Pinosol, Fitolysin, Holagogum, etc.).
- Menthol, 1% and 2% alcohol solution; 1% ointment; pencil. External sedative and analgesic for neuralgia, myalgia, arthralgia; for inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract; antispasmodic for migraines.
- Menthol oil, 1% and 2% menthol solution in petroleum jelly. External sedative and analgesic for neuralgia, myalgia, arthralgia; for inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
- Menthol is included in a large number of combination medications (Mentoclar, Boromenthol, Pectusin, Menovazin, Validol, Valokormid, Alorom, Kameton, Efkamon, etc.).
Family Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae) - Labiatae (Lamiaceae).
Peppermint (lat.Mentha piperita ) is a herbaceous perennial, highly bushy plant with a horizontal rhizome. Numerous tetrahedral stems, slightly pubescent or glabrous, with numerous punctate glands extend from the rhizome. The color of the stems is blue-violet. Mint leaves are opposite, collected in cross-shaped whorls, ovate-lanceolate, sharp-toothed along the edge. Both sides are dotted with numerous pinpoint glands, more of which are found on the lower side. Mint flowers are small, reddish-purple, collected in apical capitate-spikelet inflorescences. The flowers are almost correct. The whole plant has a strong aroma.
Common name: cold mint.
Flowering time: June-September.
Spreading: Peppermint is not found in the wild; it is widely cultivated on plantations as a medicinal and essential oil plant. Field mint is widespread in temperate zone Europe, Asia and North America.
Place of growth: mint grows in damp meadows, along the banks of reservoirs. It is also cultivated as an essential oil and medicinal plant.
Applicable part: leaves, flowering shoot tips.
Collection time: July August.
Chemical composition: mint leaves contain many biologically active substances: tropsoline glycoside, sulfur-containing essential oil, potassium sulfate, phytosterol, ascorbic acid, sugar, starch, pectin, sorbuzin pigment, etc. In leaves of essential oil up to 2.75%, in inflorescences - up to 6%, in stems - up to 0.3%. Also isolated from the plant are: carotene (up to 40 mg%), acids (ursolic and oleanic), triterpene compounds, hesperidin, flavonoids and betaine. Peppermint oil is a raw material for the extraction of menthol and is used in alcoholic beverage production and perfumery.
Collection and preparation: leaves and tips of mint shoots are collected in the mass flowering phase, in the first half of the day. Before drying, the raw materials are sorted, removing browned parts, and then dried in the shade in air or in dryers at a temperature of 40C. Store in a closed container in a dry place, as washed leaves are very hygroscopic, and humidity makes them unfit for consumption. Shelf life - 2 years. Essential oil is industrially extracted from the mint herb.
Contraindications: mint, whose contraindications are not great, still requires careful attitude and moderate consumption. There is no doubt that with excessive use of mint, insomnia may occur, heart pain may appear, and in some cases, a decrease in potency in men may occur. Here we should make a reservation - you should not be afraid of this plant, because mint is harmful for men only in excessive quantities. But on an intermittent basis it can and should be used.
Contraindications to peppermint include individual intolerance, as allergic reactions may occur. Therefore, you should comply special caution, or stop using it altogether.
Mint can cause an exacerbation of an existing disease; therefore, mint should not be consumed by people with low blood pressure, as well as with reduced tone of venous vessels. Moreover, mint is contraindicated for children under 5 years of age, as well as for women during lactation.
Application:
Mint has antispasmodic, analgesic, antiseptic, choleretic, carminative and some laxative effects. It is used as a cardiac stimulant and analgesic (for headaches) for the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and atherosclerosis. Recommended for colds of the upper respiratory tract, bronchial asthma and bronchiectasis.
Mint works well for dyskinesia of the biliary tract and intestines, improves digestion and increases appetite. It is used for gastritis, peptic ulcers, colitis, enterocolitis, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes for diarrhea (despite the laxative effect). Mint is added to herbal teas for cholelithiasis, hepatitis, and cholecystitis.
Mint, along with potato juice and St. John's wort, is considered an effective remedy for heartburn.
When consumed regularly, mint has a general strengthening and wound-healing effect, helps with hysteria, insomnia, migraines, and has a diuretic effect. Mint leaves improve the taste and smell of medicinal infusions, so it is advisable to add it to all preparations.
Externally, mint is used for baths. Peppermint oil is used for inhalation; it is included in drops, mixtures, tablets (validol) and pencils.
Mode of application:
2 tablespoons of peppermint herb are infused with 2 cups of boiling water (daily dose). Take in 3 doses over 30 minutes. before meals.
Official Preparations: peppermint oil (Oleum Menthae piperitae) contains 50% menthol, used in dental practice; orally - 1-3 drops for sugar (for flatulence); menthol (Mentholum) is used for skin itching and myalgia.
Mint is included in Olimetinum, Enatinum, Anestezol suppositories, Validol, and Zelenin drops.
Ready-made medicinal mixtures - gastric, carminative and choleretic - contain peppermint leaves.
Mint is also used in homeopathy, Mentha piperita 3X-3 - for neurocirculatory dystonia and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.