How to properly tie a sea knot. Basic concepts you need to know. Step-by-step instructions for knitting a clew knot

“Nature does not accept jokes, she is always truthful, always serious, always strict, she is always right,” wrote Goette. Only in the natural elements can a person know his essence: both weakness and strength. But we must remember that nature, like any of the elements, does not forgive mistakes. Even experienced fishermen and hunters know that anyone can find themselves in a difficult situation. It happens that there is no time to make mistakes and correct them, and therefore every action must be thoughtful and precise. Therefore, experts carry with them everything that can be useful in extreme situation- for example, a rescue bracelet made of paracord, knitted from a strong rope, simple rings and a carabiner. After all, even such a little thing as a correctly tied knot can be a salvation in Hard time. Let's figure out what trouble-free types of knots exist and how to knit them, we'll look at the diagrams.

We will look at knots that are suitable for various tasks: for tying ropes, tightening and non-tightening loops of rope, as well as knots for tying ropes to something. By the way, it is not at all necessary to remember the names of the knots; it is important to understand the principle of their operation and be able to tie quickly and accurately. Analyze the properties of the material from which the knot is knitted: is it a slippery rope or a rough rope?

Blind loop

A blind loop is one of the simplest ways to knit a secure loop from rope. Unlike simply throwing the rope over the support, this loop will have minimal slippage. This loop is suitable if you need to tie a rope around a support, tree, or if objects have holes or grooves.

Rope loop knitting pattern: blind loop

Straight rope knot

Another fast and classic type of knot. It is used when you need to tightly tie two pieces of rope together. Suitable for knitting ropes of similar cross-sectional diameter. Such a knot is not easy to break due to its structure. You just need to make sure that the rope itself is not shabby and reliable.

A straight knot made from two ends of a rope. Simple and reliable.

Surgical knot

The surgical knot is also one of the simplest and most reliable knots. The knot becomes stronger and more reliable thanks to several turns of the rope. Tying it requires short but mandatory training.

Simple surgical knot. Instead of one turn of the rope, two are used.

Loop with Tautline knot

One of the elegant, simple knots that allows you to adjust the length and volume of your loop. It is used when something needs to be suspended above the ground or raised to a height. For example, lift a backpack with provisions, protecting it from moisture and hungry, curious animals.

Tautline loop with adjustable length.

Clover Leaf Loop Knot

This type of knot is often used by tourists to secure a tent on support pegs. The unit is simple to implement, but quite functional. The cloverleaf loop knot allows you to change the loop along the body of the rope.

The clover leaf is a loop that can be moved.

Miller knot

The Miller knot is usually used when you need to tie a bag or pieces of fabric tightly and securely, but in such a way that you can quickly untie it if necessary. This type of knot is used by the military to tie together duffel bags.

Miller knot for strong tying and easy untying

Bowline knot

This is a knot with a moving loop. Such a knot can be seen quite often on the pier - it is used by sailors to moor the floating craft to the shore. It is convenient because it can be tied with one hand.

A strong knot with a bowline loop can be tied even with one hand. A clew knot will definitely come in handy if you end up on a desert island

So now you know the basic types of knots and loops. Be sure to practice tying these knots quickly and correctly in your spare time. This is one of those skills that comes in handy in difficult times. Knowing the types of knots and how to tie them is the key to salvation and survival.

Tying knots on a rope for practical use for various professional purposes and in everyday life, it is one of the most ancient inventions of mankind. Binding, tightening, locking, quick-release, non-tightening and many others maritime knots, invented by man thousands of years ago and serving us faithfully today, are truly brilliant in their reliability and simplicity.

Straight knot, well known in Ancient Egypt, was widespread in the everyday life of the ancient Greeks and Romans. His image is often found on fragments of vases and jugs in the form of their handles. It adorned the staff of the ancient Roman god Mercury, the patron saint of trade, and was called Nodus Hercules - the Hercules knot, since this ancient hero wore the skin of a killed lion, whose front paws he tied on his chest with this knot. The ancient Romans tied the belts of their tunics with Herculean knots.

The inventors of the most ingenious and reliable knots were sailors. After all, it was they, and not the permanent inhabitants of the land, who had to deal with ropes much more often.

Appeared more than six thousand years ago sailing ship was unthinkable without the ropes that fastened the masts, supported the yards and sails... And if you remember the structure of a large sailing ship at the beginning of our century, for example, the four-masted barque “Kruzenshtern”, then this is tens of thousands of meters of all kinds of gear, hundreds of blocks, hoists, etc.

The rigging of a vessel with any sailing rig was always based on sea knots, and the mechanics of sail control were based on cables and blocks. Each crew member of a sailing ship was required to have impeccable knowledge of rigging: the ability to splice ends, make braids, ogons, benzels, buttons, musings, weave mats, sew and repair sails. Every sailor had to be able to quickly and correctly tie dozens of all kinds of sea knots, and often do this in the dark during a storm at many meters in height. The art of tying sea knots was brought to perfection by sailors. After all, the safety of the ship under sail depended on it.

To the heyday of the sailing fleet in maritime affairs there were almost 500 sea knots, not counting buttons, musings, various braids, etc.

How did the names of sea knots appear in our language?

Historically, many of them came to us from English and French back in the middle of the 17th century. In the days of the sailing fleet, sailors used about a hundred different sea knots, which had specific names. Names of maritime knots used in various countries, mostly English, and many have two or three, and some five or seven, names at the same time, which introduces some confusion.

Many sea knots got their name from the gear on which they were used, for example, clew, halyard, bleach, gynets, or from the name of the objects to which they were tied - pile, hook, boat, barrel, masthead, etc. Some sea knots. , contain a national characteristic in their name, for example: Spanish (gabor), French (top), Flemish loop, Turkish knot, etc. However, there are few knots bearing the names of countries in maritime affairs, since all maritime knots can be considered an international and very ancient invention. After all, even the best of all sea knots, the bow tie, known 5000 years ago in Ancient Egypt, was invented by the Phoenicians.

With the advent of steamships, which in less than a century displaced sea ​​roads sailing ships, the need for sailors to know many ties disappeared. The art of tying knots disappeared along with sailboats. And if in the middle of the last century the skill of tying sea knots, brought to perfection, was regarded only as a sailor’s craft, then today it is a rarity, a thing of the past and almost forgotten art

To make it easier to navigate the complex interweaving of knots with their ends, open and closed loops, run-ins, hoses and bayonets, you should first of all understand the interpretation of the basic concepts and terms used in the navy today.

Elements of maritime knots

a - root end; b - running end: c - loop (open); g - peg (closed loop); c - half knot; e - run-out; f - schlag.

ROTAL END - the end of the cable (gear), fixed motionless; or remaining motionless when tying a knot, opposite the running end.

RUNNING END - the loose, free end of the cable that moves (walks) when tying a knot; with its help they select tackle.

LOOP (open) - the running (or main) end of the cable, bent twice so that it does not intersect with itself.

PEG (closed loop) - a loop made by the running or root end of the cable like this. that the cable crosses itself; a type of knot for shortening a cable.

HALF-Knot - a single overlap of two different ends (main and running) of the same cable, or two ends of different cables.

OBNOS - wrapping a cable around an object (spar, firewood, bollard, capstan stock, etc.). made in such a way that both ends do not intersect.

SLAG - a complete (360°) revolution of the cable around any object (spar, other cable, eye, shackle, hook, winch drum, capstan stock, etc.), done like this. that after this the running end is directed in the opposite direction. A rope is also called a loop of cable tucked into a coil or wound around a view.

HALF JOINT - carrying around an object with a cable, followed by the cable crossing its root end with a straight knot, without passing it into the resulting closed loop.

September 27th, 2013

The technique of tying knots dates back to time immemorial. The oldest knots were found in Finland, they date from the Neolithic (late stone age). Undoubtedly, knots were twisted by people before, but, unfortunately, they were not preserved.

Flexible materials were the main fastening aid, working with which people created products, weapons and various devices. In addition to direct application, nodes become the main element for large group decorative and applied products. At the turn of the Stone and Bronze Ages, the peculiar art of tying knots and weaving stands out. Special nodes appear that have cult significance

Attitudes towards knots sometimes took extreme forms. Prohibitions and peculiar taboo restrictions were in effect for a long time. The geography of this attitude to tying knots is very wide. IN different time restrictions existed: in Lapland, the East Indies, among the inhabitants of the northern part of the island of Celebes and in other parts of the Old and New Worlds. Roman senators were forbidden to have at least one knot in their clothing.

Belief in the magical power of knots extended only to special symmetrical knots. For example, the ancient Greeks revered the Hercules (straight) knot. It was worn around the neck as a talisman. They were used to stitch up the wounds of injured soldiers. Particularly popular in Ancient Greece was the knot, now called the Turkish knot. During folk festivals, it was proposed to quickly untie and tie this knot.

The earliest known “reference books” on tying and the use of knots date back to the first century AD. The Roman historian Pliny the Elder wrote about the magical power and healing benefits of knots. In Old Church Slavonic, “to teach” - to impose - is equivalent to the concept of “to conjure.” In modern Russian, the expression “to conjure something” means to perform painstaking work that requires attention.

There are many stories, legends and stories about knots. But the most remarkable of them, undoubtedly, is the ancient legend about the Gordian knot. Ancient Phrygia was located on the territory of Asia Minor, within modern Turkey. The Phrygians were immigrants from Europe, they were highly cultured, engaged in agriculture and handicrafts. Phrygia gave ancient world There are many outstanding personalities whose names have survived to this day. Among them are the sage Aesop and the philosopher Diogenes. 700 BC Phrygia was tormented by civil strife. Important role In the life of the state at that time, oracles played a role - a special tribal caste, whose representatives lived at temples and were engaged in prophecies, interpreting natural phenomena, and adjudicating.

Legend says that the people of Phrygia, tormented by turmoil, turned to the oracle for help. He said: “Go outside the city wall, and the first one you meet riding on a cart, let him be your king and stop the civil strife.” Coming out of the city, the citizens saw a man riding an ordinary peasant cart pulled by two oxen. His name was Gordius. Gordius turned out to be an energetic, active ruler. His kingdom grew rich, and Gordius built a new capital for Phrygia, which received his name - Gordion. In the main temple - the Temple of Zeus - Gordius ordered to place the very cart that brought him to power. There was a good reason for this.

One day, when Gordius was plowing in the field, an eagle sat on the yoke of his harness and sat on it until sunset. The oracle interpreted this as a prediction from the gods about the future power of Gordius. Therefore, as the legend tells, a yoke, which once pleased the king of birds, was also placed in the temple. The yoke was tied to the drawbar of the cart with a very complex knot, and the oracle, which clearly favored Gordius (comparing various legends about Gordius, one can guess that the oracle was a relative of Gordius’s wife), was not slow to announce that the one who could untie the knot of Gordius’s soaring would become ruler of the world. Time passed. About four hundred years have passed since Gordius tied his knot. The cart still stood in the temple, and the bundle remained untouched. It is unknown whether anyone tried to untie him. In 334 BC, the phalanx of Alexander the Great entered the city. Alexander, he was 22 years old, was in Asia for the first time. Raised by Aristotle himself until the age of sixteen, Alexander knew about the famous chariot and wanted to see it. Here is how the Roman historian Curtius Rufus describes further events:

“When the inhabitants of the city told Alexander that, according to the prediction of the oracle, Asia would be conquered by the one who would untie the tangled knot, he was overcome by a passionate desire to fulfill what was predicted. A crowd of Phrygians and Macedonians gathered around the king; the former waited tensely, and the latter were afraid because reckless self-confidence of the king. And indeed, the belt was so tightly tied in knots that it was impossible either to calculate or see where the tangle began and where it ended. The king's attempts to untie the knot instilled fear in the crowd, lest failure turn out to be a bad omen. Having fussed for a long time and in vain with these tangled knots, the king said: “It makes no difference in what way they are untied,” and, cutting all the knots with a sword, he either laughed at the oracle’s prediction or fulfilled it.” People remembered Alexander's resourcefulness. It seemed to ancient writers that it was more important to remember an example of a person’s behavior in a difficult situation, and the expression “cutting the Gordian knot” entered all the languages ​​of the world, meaning decisive actions that did not tolerate delay. But was the knot itself forgotten? This could be believed if at that time knots were an unnecessary or unnecessary rarity for life. But the opposite was true. In everyday life, no one could do without knots. It was an era of rapid development of trade and navigation, and in navigation - the transition from oar to sail.

Since those times, many knots have come down to us. Facts prove that not a single node is forgotten. At archaeological excavations The remains of ancient harness, equipment of ships, elements of clothing, utensils, weapons were repeatedly found, and in place with them - only a few dozen different units. But among them there was not a single one who had not been well known for a long time. The Gordian knot was probably not forgotten either. A. Kalinin, examining the yoke designs of Ancient carts, drew attention to the fact that there are no significant differences between the ancient method of harnessing bulls and what was used at the beginning of the 20th century. For thousands of years, bulls have rested their withers against the yoke and pushed it. The yoke is connected to a drawbar - a long beam attached to the cart. There are holes in the drawbar and yoke into which wedges are inserted and ropes are pulled.

For demonstration in various ways By tying the yoke to the drawbar, we do not necessarily need to have a copy of the ancient chariot. The drawbar and yoke can be replaced with wooden sticks with holes and rings. In the same way, ancient cord puzzles are made of sticks and rings. By unraveling the laces and freeing the sticks, we solve the problem of King Gordia. There are many known lace puzzles. But the principles on which their secrets are based are very few. In addition, not all puzzles are suitable for the Gordian task. Finally, if you sort the lace puzzles by location and time of distribution, there are very few candidates left for the Gordian Knot. All of them are shown in the pictures. Of course, the knot tied by Father Gordius from grape bast (as one version of the legend says) could have been different.

Significant progress in knot tying technology was made by the development of the sailing fleet. In the days of the sailing fleet, there was a need to have reliable, easy-to-manufacture components that did not contain unnecessary, non-functional elements. Marine knots are distinguished by the peculiarity of knitting and shaping (pulling), in which the reliability of the knot fastening increases with increasing cable tension. When the cable is in a relaxed state, the clamping of the sea knot loops is eliminated, which makes it easy to untie it.

Marine knots are divided into several groups. One group includes knots used to tie two ropes together. There are knots for splicing ropes of the same and different diameters. Next group combines knots used as fastenings of ropes to various objects, as well as objects to each other. Due to the fact that some knots fasten together parts of the same rope in a movable manner, they are distinguished as running ones. Another group is special-purpose knots that are knitted to create support, marks, weights, as well as knots that hold the loops of rope coils, the ends of multi-strand ropes from unraveling, etc.

With the advent of a specific activity - tourism - in the first half of the 20th century, the knot tying technique received further development. Marine knots are naturally used in mountain, hiking, water tourism and mountaineering. But the specifics of tourism, primarily mountaineering and even more so caving tourism, have made knots not only an integral part of the technique of overcoming obstacles, but also a way of creating temporary structures in a variety of conditions, which is different from the practice of somewhat homogeneous conditions of seafaring activity. Assemblies began to be made on materials with new properties, and a large number of knots previously unknown (Prusik knot, Garda knot, International Union of Mountaineering Association knot, etc.). In this regard, the traditional maritime functional classification of units has changed:

I function - splicing two or more flexible materials together in various combinations,
Function II - fastening the knot carrier (rope to objects: two or more objects between each other (one of the objects can serve as a rope support).
III function - locking the knot carrier (rope) in the holes, including the holes in the knot structure.

As can be seen from the comparison, both classifications, maritime and mountaineering, have common features, but also certain differences. IN practical application nodes, more attention is paid not to their functional features, but to their properties. There are grasping knots, stirrups, guides, nooses, control knots (a kind of locking knot that complements the load-bearing knot), etc. In general, tourist knots are divided into main knots, belay and self-belay knots, and auxiliary knots. There is a specific terminology associated with knots and various flexible materials used for knitting them.
Cable- specially made rope made from plant and synthetic materials.
root end- the end of the cable that is fixed or not used when tying a knot.
Running end- the free end of the cable, which begins movement when tying a knot; opposite the root end.
Loop (open)- the end of the cable, bent twice so that it does not intersect with itself.
Kalyshka- a closed loop made so that the cable crosses itself.
Half knot- a single overlap of two different ends of the same cable, or different cables.
Obnos- the rope grasping an object or another rope.
Schlag- a full turn of the cable around an object or another cable.

Any knot can be divided into a combination of several elements - rope bends. As you can easily see, all the bends (elements) of the knot structure are created by two different actions: the creation of curved forms of the rope (construction) and the formation of additional curves in the process of tightening the knot, otherwise - formation. There is no point in distinguishing between the shapes of bends created during the construction process and the shapes formed during the process of forming (pulling) a knot. The amount of bending can vary depending on the tightening force, as well as the tension of the working ends of the nodes. A stretched loop, as a result of tension, bends the section of rope around which it is twisted, as a result, the sum of the numbers characterizing the curvature of the ropes remains the same. Squeezing one section of the rope by another leads not only to an increase in adhesion force (friction), but also to the formation of deformation in the cross-section of the compressed section of the rope, which leads to a loss of structural strength precisely at the junction point. A rope with a knot is less tensile than without it.

The reliability of the knots (this refers to the self-untying of knots under increasing load) depends on the strength of adhesion. The adhesion force consists of three components - compressive force, friction area and surface roughness, and together with the latter, the elasticity of the material used.
The construction of nodes strictly obeys the law of topology. The designs of components can be simplified or complicated. Any, even the most complex knot is based on one of the well-known simple principles of knitting. Fundamental - “simple” nodes, on the basis of which this or that complex node is made, are conveniently called basic in relation to derivatives - complex.

Topological principles for constructing nodes, technical features, characteristics of the properties of groups and individual knots, methods and techniques of knitting, as well as the history of occurrence, practice of application and much more - a fascinating and practically expedient area of ​​application of effort. Applied nauseology, and along with it theoretical nauseology, can be said to have finally taken shape by the end of the 20th century.

In addition to the above, tying knots is a sports element of applied competitions. Professional skills sometimes turn into a kind of virtuoso talent for individual nauzists. The dexterity that craftsmen show when tying knots is sometimes noted in the form of unique records. The annual Book of World Records, published by the English brewing company Guinness, noted the champion in knot tying speed in 1977. In April 1977, at an amateur knot-tying league competition, 52-year-old American Clinton R. Bailey Sr. tied six knots in 6.1 seconds. The high-speed series of the nausist from Pacific City (Oregon) included: straight, clew, leg of lamb (peg), bleached, gazebo and bayonet with two lines.

Since the thirties, several of the most complete illustrated codes have been published, giving an idea of ​​the variety of knots. In 1939 and 1942, the two-volume Encyclopedia of Knots and Decorative Weavings by authors Raoul Gramo and Jack Hensel was published in the United States. In 1947, Cyrus Lawrence Dye's The Art of Knotting and Twisting. In 1944, a publication called "Ashley's Book of Knots" with a volume of 620 pages was published in New York. Its author, Clifford W. Ashley, spent eleven years completing 7,000 images that provide concepts about 700 knots, as well as braids, ogons, buttons, musings, benzels, lashings and stamps. The list of references given by the author of this wonderful book contains more than 200 sources used. The most extensive collection of remarkable knots in our country was made by L.I. Skryagin. In the book "Sea Knots" he gives descriptions and drawings of about 140 knots, almost half of them are unknown in Russian-language literature, and the Kalmyk, Cossack, boat and towing knots are also absent from foreign sources.

We provide a list of about two hundred and fifty nodes. Of these, 136 can be found in N. Skryagin. In addition to special units used in mountaineering and caving, this work Isometric images and knitting patterns of the original new knots are also provided. A new node is a frequent occurrence, like many other inventions. The appearance of new knots suggests that the art of knitting cannot be canonically frozen, it is fraught with hidden possibilities. Some new units can not only create a sensation, but also open up new approaches to the development of one of the oldest crafts.

The invention of a new node by retired English doctor Edward Hunter in 1968 caused a kind of sensation in the circles of specialists and amateurs in many countries. And, although British patent experts issued Hunter a patent for the invention in 1879, the Americans discovered that such a knot had already been described 29 years ago by F.D. Smith in the article “Knots for Mountain Climbers.” Essentially, this knot is a successful interweaving of two simple knots. Since the surname Hunter means “hunter” in English, L.N. Skryagin introduced this knot into Russian literature under the name “hunter”. The hunting knot gave rise to several other strong and reliable knot designs.

The experiments on the formation of nodes undertaken by Goldobin are interesting. He showed that by transforming the node structure, it is possible to give the node unexpected properties. In our opinion, it is of particular interest to knit not two, as usual, but three cables, both of the same diameter and of different diameters. Original (new) nodes that we have not encountered in available publications are further marked with * and the year of creation. An exception is the “nine” knot, proposed at a gathering of tourists in Chelyabinsk (Mias) and has been widely used and published for 40 years.
2. Units, purpose and application

1. Austrian guide(bergshaft, butterfly, alpine bloodworm, bee, riding loop) - a knot that forms a fixed loop in the middle of the rope. Used as an intermediate support point or hitch, support for blocks. Using this knot you can easily tie up a damaged section of rope. It is very reliable and allows the application of load at an angle to the main direction of force. Has two methods of knitting. Dangerous mistakes: loosely tightened, tightened with too much force, large loop.
2. Academic- a complicated type of straight knot. Used to tie two ropes of different diameters. When under heavy load, it does not tighten as much as a straight knot and is easier to untie. Requires the use of control nodes.
3. Academic harassment- a complicated type of academic node. Suitable for attaching two ropes of smaller diameter to a rope of a larger diameter.* 1994
4. Shark- a complex knot intended exclusively for tying on synthetic fishing lines. It is highly durable.
5. Amphora- knitted with a thin rope or cord on the neck of the vessel in order to facilitate its carrying by the formed handles. To tie it to the neck of a household glass jar, 1.3 m of cord is enough. Used in ancient times.
6. English(anchor bayonet, fishing bayonet) - a fishing knot, reinforced with a half-bayonet. Used for tying boats and light anchors, as well as for lifting loads. Reliable under constant tension. When the load is variable, safety knots or lashings are required. When completed, it is often reinforced with a gazebo knot.
7. English braid(monkey chain) - auxiliary knot (weaving). In tourist practice, it is used to organize pendulum crossings, climbing small plumbs of 2 - 4 m. The main application is to temporarily shorten the cable (from 4 m of cable a 1 m pigtail is obtained).
8. Apocryphal- decorative knot. The drawing of this knot was used as a screensaver in ancient Russian handwritten texts - apocrypha (secret, hidden).
9. Arcana(lasso, Honda) - a knot that forms a tightening loop at the end of a rope. Used since ancient times by nomadic peoples. This type of noose is still used by Mexican cowboys and southern states USA.
10. Armenian(half bayonet) - the knot is used for auxiliary knitting on the supporting thread. Made on the basis of a simple node. Used in the macrome weaving technique.
11. Babiy(direct false) - a primitive knot that has firmly taken root in our everyday life as a universal one. Incorrect knitting of a straight knot. Throughout the history of mankind, its use has caused a lot of trouble and even claimed a lot of lives. human lives. Abroad they call it “grandmother’s”, “stupid”, “calf”, “false”. Self-detaches under load. It is strictly prohibited for use as a working unit.
12. Bow(Austrian cockade) - drop knot. Typically tied to shoe laces, packaging, and decorative ribbons. Being not tightened too much, it loosens itself under load.
13. Bachmana- a knotted combination of a cord with a carabiner on the main rope. The advantage over the Prusik is that it has a simpler way of moving along the support. To do this, just insert it into the carabiner thumb hands. At the same time, it is possible to move the grabber along the rope or hold on to the rung of a rope ladder. In case of failure, the Bachmann knot protects against falling. Knitted on single and double rope.
14. Double butterfly- suitable for tying a double conductor (two fixed loops) in the middle of the rope.* 1993
15. Running gazebo(running bowline) - forms a protracted loop. Rarely used instead of a noose. Holds well under variable loads. In maritime affairs, it is used to catch driftwood; it is used to search for and raise Admiralty anchors left at the bottom.
16. Running simple- the simplest knot that forms a protracted loop. When pulling on the root end, the loop is tightened, but it can be increased in size by pulling the running end away from the loop. A control node is required.
17. Gazebo- a type of bowline knot that forms a fixed loop. Of all the ways to tie ropes from various materials(hemp and steel, Dacron and Manila) connection using two gazebo knots with loops will be the most reliable, It is the basis of the chest harness. Of the several tying methods, the most rational one allows you to tie a knot with one hand, with one continuous movement of the hand in 2-3 seconds. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by 44%.

18. Double gazebo(boatswain's, military, loop) - a knot that forms a double loop both in the middle and at the end of the cable. Does not allow you to adjust the size of the loops after tightening the knot. Used as a gazebo, as well as for laying loops on the oud.
19. Gazebo with a line(palstek with a line) - a knot used for mooring boats to mooring rings.
20. Besedochny Russian- an auxiliary unit forming two fixed loops. Used as a gazebo. Similar to the Spanish knot. It requires much more rope to perform it, although it is somewhat simpler than the Spanish one.
21. Bitengovy - knot. Used for mooring small vessels.
22. Barrel- the unit is used when loading containers that have a cylindrical shape. You can quickly tie it around a can or tank without a handle.
23. Brake clew- knot. Along with the clew, it is used to splice two ropes of different diameters. The main advantage is the relative ease of tying and untying with high strength of the connection.
24. Towing- knot. Used for attachment to a towing hook or bit. They hold up or cut off the towing line.
25. Bowline- called the "king of nodes". The name comes from the English term (The Bowline), which refers to the tackle used to pull the windward side luff of the lower straight sail. It was known to the ancient Egyptians and Phoenicians 3000 BC. Despite its amazing compactness, it contains elements of simple, half-bayonet, weaving and direct nodes. The elements of all these knots in a certain combination give the bowline the right to be called universal. The main advantage is the ease of tying and untying after removing the load. A knotted bowline has two free ends. Only the one that forms an overlapping loop in the knot, and not a simple loop, should be loaded. This knot is used for harnesses and arbors (see arbor knot) if they are tied from a cord or double sling of a cargo parachute. A simple bowline requires fixation with a control knot, as it tends to unravel. In all cases, the bowline must be tightened. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope within 45.9-49.0% (with a dry rope - 79.1 - 81.0%, wet - 76.9 - 78.1%; frozen - 54.1 -58.6% of the strength of the rope without node). Dangerous mistakes: very loosely tightened; very tight; a long free end of the rope - dangerous interweaving of loops; The loop of the knot is placed incorrectly - the loops are too short or long.
26. Double bowline- used to connect parts of the safety system. This knot can be tied in the middle of the rope, for example, when reinsuring the main linear support (rope) with the help of an additional support. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope within 45.3 - 17.2% (on a dry rope - 80.0 - 82.8%, wet - 78.7 - 80.6%, frozen - 54.7 - 60.5%). Dangerous mistakes: the same as for the bowline knot.
27. Burlatskaya loop(harness loop, Pushkar knot) - a knot that forms a non-tightening loop. Designed to apply force in any direction. It is easily tied both at the end of the cable and in its middle. Several knots tied form a ladder for climbing on a free-hanging support. Dangerous mistakes: loose knots. With a sharply applied load, a loose knot tends to turn over and slide along the cable for some time.
28. Webeleiten- resettable bleaching unit. An image of the Webeleiten knot is found in Falconnier's nautical directory (18th century).
29. Bucket- self-resetting unit. It holds under load, but after temporary removal of the load it disintegrates. It can be used to lower objects with a handle from a height.
30. Camel- a knot is used to attach a thin rope to another, thicker one. Works well for traction at any angle.
31. Water- a unit for a strong connection of two cables of the same diameter. Under heavy load it tightens. It is very difficult to untie it. The first image of this knot dates back to 1496.
32. Military(Portuguese) - a type of arbor knot. Allows you to adjust the size of the loops when seating a person.
33. Thief's knot(villainous) - similar to a straight line, but the running ends come out of it diagonally. It is not recommended to use this site as it is unreliable. In the English navy, it was tied to a duffel bag to prove theft. The thieves, mostly recruits, tied the robbed bag with a straight knot or a villainous one, violating the upper and lower positions of the running ends.
34. Eight(Savoy) - locking knot. Used for fastening in narrow holes (for example, when hanging without a carabiner on bolt hooks). During vertical descents - as a safety net at the end of the rope. Equivalent knots are obtained when knitting from both the left and right directions. Quite reliable and easy to untie. It has long been considered a symbol of melancholy or sad love. It became famous as the motto of the House of Savoy. Used in macrome weaving. The knot reduces the average strength of the rope by approximately 20%.
35. Eight one-sided- a knot forming a fixed loop. It can only be loaded in one direction and is used mainly as an auxiliary one. In caving tourism it is used for attaching transport bags to a rope.
36. Eight moving- an auxiliary knot for tying ropes of the same diameter.
37. Roman Eight- an ideal unit for organizing a hitch for additional support. The knot has been known since ancient times.
38. Eight moving- a knot for tying two ropes of equal diameter. It is easier to untie than a flat knot. This knot must be tightened and supplemented with control knots.
39. Counter- used for splicing ropes, including those of different diameters. Suitable for tying ribbons and ribbons with rope. It holds well and is easy to untie after removing the load. The use of control units on both sides is mandatory.
40. Whitened(rapeseed) - auxiliary unit. Used to secure a rope to a round support. Used in macro. Reduces the average strength of nylon rope by up to 45%, polypropylene rope by 49%.
41. Whitened with hose- similar to the tapping unit, but its running end is additionally clamped with a hose. For easy untying, end the knot with a “hose with a loop.”

42. Tie- the most popular knot with a tightening loop for tying a tie. Millions of men use it every day.
43. Big tie- a large knot with a tightening loop for tying a tie.
44. Gaff- the knot is used to attach a rope to a cylindrical object.
45. Tackle with slag- knot. Used for lifting loads with a crane or hook.
46. ​​Tackle- knot. Used for attaching a cable to the hook.
47. Goldobin- a knot used to connect two cables of the same thickness.
48. Grapevine(double weaving) - the most reliable knot for tying ropes of the same diameter, ribbons, knitting guy loops, and bookmark loops. This knot is especially convenient when tying a loop for self-belaying. The same knot can be used to adjust the length of the loop.
49. Garda(Guard loop) - auxiliary, support unit. Performed using two climbing carabiners. An excellent tool for insurance. Practically irreplaceable when transporting a victim. Easy to knit. Reliable on wet and clay ropes.
50. Double simple- locking unit.
51. Double-headed bloodworm- a knot that forms a fixed loop in the middle of the rope. A type of alpine guide. Very reliable. It is used as an intermediate support point on traverses, railings, and carrying around obstacles (waterfalls) on plumbs. Dangerous mistakes: loosely tightened, tightened with too much force, large loop.
52. Double conductor(hare ears) - a knot that forms a double fixed loop. Used for hanging simultaneously by two independent supports (bolt hooks). The unit allows adjustment and adjustment of the size of the loops until a uniform load is achieved on both supports.
53. Double loop- fishing knot. Used to splice two cords with loops. The latter are formed by surgical nodes according to the principle of an oak loop.
54. Double stevedore(stevedoring tie) - a knot is used for splicing fishing gear. Knitted from two stevedoring knots according to the grapevine principle.
55. Nine- a knot that forms a fixed loop at the end of a rope. Used for fastening with a carabiner. *1968
56. Diameter conductor- serves to form two fixed loops diametrically opposite sides from the direction of the root end of the rope.* 1997
57. Docker- auxiliary unit. Used to tie together cables of different diameters.
58. Oak- a knot applicable only in exceptional cases for connecting two cables. The only thing positive quality- tying speed and relative reliability. Significantly weakens the strength of the rope. Not suitable for tying synthetic ropes and fishing lines.
59. Oak staircase- simple knitting of a series of oak knots. It is used in exceptional cases for descent or ascent on small plumbs. A prerequisite is to securely fasten the running end in the lower position after successively passing through oak loops. The only positive feature is the speed of tying and relative reliability. After use, it is extremely difficult to untie. Further use of the used rope as a working rope is prohibited due to its weakening.
60. Veined- an auxiliary unit that serves for reliable tying on nylon and other fishing lines. Known since the 19th century.
61. Vein loop- a knot that forms a fixed loop at the end of the thread. Suitable for thin fishing lines.
62. Western mark- one of the reliable ways to fasten the end of a cable with a synthetic thread.
63. Gripper- a half variation of the snake knot. Used for tying two synthetic cables. It is suitable for any fishing line and is a reliable knot.
64. Zigzag- auxiliary unit. Mainly used for securing and pulling high stacks of cargo in an open truck bed equipped with high racks.
65. Villainous- a knot known for a long time, in different regions and under different names. Can be tied with a double folded rope. The best among similar robber and pirate nodes.
66. Snake- serves for connecting two cables made of any materials.
67. Spanish(boatswain's) - an auxiliary knot that forms two loops. Used as a gazebo. It should be taken into account that small loops when tightening the main ends can be pulled through the knot and break its symmetry. Therefore, the Spanish-arbor knot should always be treated with caution.

You can read the continuation of the article and two hundred more knot options at

A person learns to knit knots from childhood. Having learned to tie shoelaces, the child knits his first knot. Throughout life, it is difficult to even imagine in what situations knowledge of tying knots can be useful.

Self-tightening knot - what is it

Most types of knots and methods of tying them came into use modern world from the navy, although in this area it is used infrequently due to its unreliability. The fact is that a self-tightening knot holds tightly only under constant load; at the moment of weakening, it is quite capable of coming undone. Despite this, there are areas for its application.

This is the simplest original knot and in general represents one of the simplest types of noose. This unit reliably withstands heavy weight and traction, proportional to the strength of the cable or other material from which it is made. But you need to be careful when using it, making sure that the load on the node does not weaken.

For better reliability, there are several variations of this unit.

Tying a knot

The methods of tying this knot are among the simplest and fastest. All you need to create it is a rope with a running end and a support. Fishermen use a spool for this purpose.

The end of the rope is wrapped around the support, thus forming an open loop. At the end of the rope or fishing line you need to form a loop. First make a winding around it behind the running end and create a closed loop. The running end of the loop needs to be made several turns and brought out through the main loop. Pull it, the knot will tighten and, when loaded, show all its power.

To improve the strength of the knot itself when knitting, a self-tightening knot with half bayonets is used. It is performed no more difficult than the standard one. After performing the basic knitting technique, two half-bayonets are formed on the weight side. This type achieves maximum effect when certain conditions are met:

• if it is formed off-center;
• if the running end should be directed towards the intended load.

Where is it used?

He will find his place in all spheres of life. It is often used in mountaineering and in warehouses (they are used for hanging heavy objects). Fishermen use it when tying gear for fishing from the shore.

Shock-absorbing units are popular. They are formed on an additional rope, which is used to connect a spare fastening in case of destruction of the main one. There are also self-tightening units for transporting goods or for various rescue operations. These include the braking unit, “belts” and mariner.

There are two types of fastenings - simple and complex, for different life situations. In the navy, the original self-tightening knot is rarely used, with preference given to its variations.

Fastening

The mount is often popular with fishermen. Although experienced fishermen suggested tying a self-tightening knot for fishing line without additional parts, their use makes life much easier. The fastening helps to fix the loops during knitting, prevents the knot from unraveling abruptly, and simplifies the knitting process. On the shelves of fish stores you can now see reels with a stopper for attaching braid. Many anglers reel in the line held by the spool without unnecessary fasteners, but only those who have gained experience over many years.

Kinds

There are 18 types of self-tightening knots in total, but using one rope there are only 4 types:

● Classic Prusik.

● Cross.

● With an “arb” carbine.

● Bachmann knot (with carabiner).

The number of turns is unstable; if necessary, it can be increased.

It is necessary to highlight one of the strongest knots - the constrictor knot. It gets its name from the zoological name for the boa constrictor - Boa constrictor, who defeats his victim by strangulation. This one with

Use of the knot by anglers

A self-tightening knot for the top of the head is actively used by fishermen. It is a structure made from a block of tops with a weight. Tying such a tackle is quite simple.

To do this you will need a fishing line, a double leader and a sinker. A special sinker must be purchased at the store, otherwise the entire device may fail. Most often it looks like a horseshoe with a hole in the center of the product. The top bar is tightened using a self-tightening knot and hung with hooks.

To decorate the tackle, take a fishing line 4 mm in diameter and up to 50 cm in length. The line is pushed through the hole into the sinker to the middle, after which it is brought up. Insulation is put on it and a loop is made. After this, a self-tightening knot is formed, onto which the crown is attached. The insulation serves as a fastener for a long leash on the side of the free end of the fishing line, on which a swivel is attached to protect the fishing line from twisting in the current. Having secured the cake block with hooks, you can consider the task completed. The workpiece is attached with a carabiner to the main fishing line. The bait is ready to be cast. Getting into the water, it gradually gets wet, and the crumbling cake from the top spreads in the reservoir, attracting the desired fish.

Nautical

Initially, a self-tightening rope knot was created by sailors to secure sails and various items on deck. Reliable nodes are the key to success, because the seas and oceans are so turbulent. During the heyday of navigation, there were more than 500 types of knots. Tying sea knots is a whole science. But with the introduction of the steam engine, the need for sails disappeared, and knots began to be used less. And the change in the composition of the materials of cables and ropes caused some knots to lose their effectiveness.

A self-tightening knot was used in maritime affairs for fastening to cylindrical objects. It is simply called a noose, since the hanged noose was tied according to the same principle. In the event of no load or variable traction, the running end slides out, dissolving the entire assembly. This was the reason for refusing to use it. Therefore, the navy began to use the constrictor knot and self-tightening with half bayonets. The peculiarity of its knitting is that the knot itself is placed offset, so that the running end is directed towards the load. Due to this, it will not slip out so quickly.

Advantages

The self-tightening knot has gained recognition primarily due to its ease of knitting and high efficiency. Despite its unreliability, it is often used, but only in those cases when they are sure of the presence of constant weighting. Not required when forming a node Additional materials or devices. The main task, which it copes with brilliantly, is to withstand a load proportional to the density of the cable (rope, fishing line, cable) from which the knot is knitted.

If there is constant weight, the knot is not able to untie on its own, only manually, which will also not cause trouble. It is as easy to untie as it is to tie. This advantage was appreciated by fishermen and climbers, for whom every second is precious. This property makes this node a leader.

Even a child can learn how to knit a noose, and correct use promotes maximum realization the expected result - reliable holding of large weights.

In tourism, sometimes a person cannot do without a rope. Yes, this thing seems simple. But sometimes it adds so much comfort that it is impossible to imagine your life without it. It can be useful in a huge number of cases. If you need to dry your sleeping bags, a rope will help you.

She will also be a friend in building a rain shelter. And these are just standard tasks. And how many other, more unique cases are there in which rope can become an indispensable tool! Moreover, it is also convenient. But you need to know how to use it. And one of the aspects that is associated with ropes is tying the right tourist knots.

This article contains the simplest, but at the same time useful links. They will be able to solve most of the problems on tourist trips.

There are many ways to tie two ropes of the same thickness.

How to knit joints for ropes of different lengths?

Tourists have situations when they need to make one big rope out of several small ropes. In this case, you need to use these methods.

How to secure a rope to a rigid base?

A hard base can be whatever your heart desires. These are usually vertical oblong objects such as trees or stakes. This is an excellent base for tying a knot, which is used by a large number of tourists.

Enough in a good way tying a rope on a rigid base is a bayonet due to its simplicity. This connection is a rigid loop that is not only easy to tie, but also untied. Given connection requires control nodes, but they can be replaced using an additional “half bayonet”. If, for example, you don’t want the connection to slide along the base, then a “noose” knot is good.