Who invented the globe. Interesting facts about the globe Who discovered the globe
author An@stasia Lifestyle D/s...® asked a question in Science, Technology, Languages
Where and when did the first globe appear? and got the best answer
Answer from Xenia[guru]
In the works of ancient writers, it is mentioned that a certain Crates of Malos, an ancient Greek philosopher, a follower of Aristotle and the keeper of the Pergamon Library, back in the 2nd century BC. e. made a model of the Earth in the form of a sphere.
Neither this model itself, nor any of its images have survived to this day, however, those who saw this globe said that "Crates painted a single land on the ball, dividing it into parts by intersecting rivers, which were called oceans ...".
Therefore, the very first, at least the oldest of all surviving globes, is considered to be a spherical model of the Earth with a diameter of 54 cm, created by the German geographer, traveler and mathematician Martin Beheim in 1492, now in the museum of the city of Nuremberg.
On the "Earth Apple", this is how Behaim called his brainchild (globes, from the Latin globus - "ball", copies of the Earth began to be called later), geographical representations of the Earth's surface on the eve of the discovery of the New World, based on data taken from world maps the ancient Greek scientist Ptolemy, who lived in the II century.
Soon after the appearance of the globes, which give the most accurate cartographic representations and are in great demand among scientists and sailors, began to appear in the palaces of monarchs, cabinets of ministers and simply fashion houses in Europe, becoming a symbol of enlightenment.
Especially popular were the Dutch globes made by the Amsterdam craftsmen Blau. They also created that model of the Earth, which was presented to the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1672 - the first in Russia. The most famous of all foreign models of the globe is the Gottorp globe with a diameter of 311 cm, made by the German scientist Adam Olschlegel in 1664, and presented to Peter I in 1713.
Inside it contained a planetarium. Modern globes, on which, compared to the first ones, images of new lands discovered since then have appeared, have moved from the field of functional use mainly to the field of visual aids for schoolchildren.
Source: http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/quiz/?item_id=342
Answer from Carlson from the roof[guru]
The first globe was created around 150 BC. e. Crates of Mallus. Anatolia is now Turkey. City of Cilicia.
Answer from baron[guru]
The first globe was life size, so it was not convenient to use it 🙂
Answer from BioPsychosis[guru]
The first globe was created around 150 BC. e. Crates of Mallus.
Unlike flat maps, there are no distortions or gaps on the globe, so the globe is convenient for getting a general idea of the location of the continents and oceans. At the same time, a globe (usually sized) has a rather small scale and cannot show any area in detail.
The celestial globe shows the arrangement of the stars in a mirror image compared to how they are seen in the sky, since we look at the globe from the outside, and we see the celestial sphere "from the inside".
Tue, 11/03/2015 - 22:53
We all have seen a globe at least once in our lives and we know perfectly well that it is a spherical reduced model of the Earth, on which all continents, seas, oceans, countries and even the largest cities are marked. Parallels and meridians are also indicated on it, allowing you to determine the degree location of objects.
Everyone can easily find any globe to choose from, although it used to be an extremely rare and expensive luxury item.
The creation of the first globe was noted around 150 BC. e. Greek philosopher Crates of Mallus. But neither the model nor its image has survived to this day.
Earth apple - Martin Behaim's globe
The second time a reduced copy of our planet was invented in 1492 by the German scientist Martin Beheim. The globe was called the "Earth Apple" and was created by stretching the skin of a calf on a metal frame with a diameter of about half a meter. It lacked data on half the world, since America had not yet been discovered by that time. The globe did not have indications of longitude and latitude, but it contained an incomplete description of known countries. Meridian marks could also be found on the copy of the planet. Now this globe is in the Nuremberg Museum.
Some time after their appearance, globes became a symbol of enlightenment. It was an honor to give them to monarchs, ministers and great figures.
Globes made in Holland by Amsterdam craftsmen were very popular at that time. One of them was brought by ambassadors as a gift to Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov in 1672.
Nowadays, there are many models of globes. Some have come down to us through the centuries, others were created relatively recently and have modern functions.
However, there are the most famous and interesting globes.
Jagiellonian globe
One of them is the Jagiellonian globe, which is one of the three oldest models of the Earth. The approximate date of its creation is considered to be 1510. It contains the outlines of the coast of America. Now the globe is in Krakow, in the museum at the Jagiellonian University.
Some time later, in 1664, the German scientist Adam Olschlegel created the most famous of all models of the globe - the Great Gottorp Globe. Its diameter was 3 meters 11 centimeters, and its weight was more than 3.5 tons. Inside the globe was a whole planetarium, containing a table and a bench that could accommodate 12 people. The unique structure made it possible for the outer globe, on which the map of the Earth was located, to rotate simultaneously with the inner planetarium.
Big Gottorp Globe in the Kunstkamera exposition
In 1747, part of the globe burned down in a fire. It was restored by the end of the 18th century and is now one of the exhibits in the Kunstkamera.
Nowadays, with the help of modern technologies, an interactive globe has been created that has a spherical shape. It works when you touch the screen with your finger. This globe perfectly serves for automatic planning of sea routes.
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The first who tried to create a three-dimensional model of the Earth was the ancient Greek philosopher Crates of Mallus. In 150 BC, he presented his vision of the world order to society: on his globe, two oceans divided the earth's sphere along and across the equator, washing the shores of four continents.
The globe has not survived to this day, but the hypothesis of Crates was one of the most authoritative for a very long time - more than a thousand years, until the research of scientists and the experience of travelers led cartographers to understand that the world does not look so schematic. A clearer understanding of the boundaries of the continents, poles, climatic zones led to the creation of a new model of the Earth.
"Earth Apple"
Martin Beheim was a prominent scientist in 14th century Germany. He drew his knowledge of the world from the great astronomers of his time and from long sea expeditions. So, in 1484, together with a team of Portuguese sailors, he participated in a journey that opened the lands of West Africa to the world. Subsequently, Beheim received the position of court cartographer and astronomer in Lisbon, and it was to him before his main discovery in life that Christopher Columbus came for advice.
Once in his native Nuremberg in 1490, the scientist met a passionate lover of travel and geographical science Georg Holtschuer, a member of the local city council. Inspired by Beheim's stories about the African expedition, the official persuaded him to start creating a globe that would display all the knowledge of modern cartography.
Work on the half-meter "Earth Apple", as the scientist called it, dragged on for four long years. The clay ball, covered with parchment, was painted by a local artist from maps provided to him by Behaim. In addition to the borders of states and seas, drawings of coats of arms, flags and even images of African natives, exotic for a European, were applied to the globe. For the convenience of navigators and travelers, elements of the starry sky, meridians, the equator, the south and north poles were depicted.
It is not necessary to judge the accuracy of this globe - it was largely based on ancient Greek knowledge about the world, which is why the location of land objects on it is very approximate. In addition, ironically, by the time this model was created, Beheim's friend Columbus had not yet returned from his western expedition, so of all the existing continents, only Eurasia and Africa were marked on the globe.
Nevertheless, the "Earth Apple" is a unique exhibit that is of interest to historians, geographers, and everyone who is interested in joining medieval science. To this day, Beheim's globe is the main attraction of the Nuremberg Germanisches Nationalmuseum.
Despite the huge number of versions of travelers and ancient thinkers about the form and contents of our earth, the famous philosopher Aristotle was the first to provide evidence of its sphericity. Over time, science needed more detailed materials for further discoveries related to the earth.
Thus, a successful attempt was made to create such an object that would become a good example for obtaining all the necessary information about our land. This model was called a globe, which has the Latin name "globus" - a ball.
Using three-dimensional graphics, modern man has received a realistic three-dimensional image of the globe. A similar copy of the earth, which is millions of times smaller than it,
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The caravel quickly cut through the heavy waves. The captain, having determined the position of the North Star and made calculations, bent over the globe - they had been sailing for many days, and only this ball and the stars could help determine where the ship was. Without a globe, it is difficult to find a way to distant overseas countries. On many ships that went on a long voyage, there was a globe, it served as a map in those days. This continued until the 18th century. And then detailed nautical charts and sailing directions appeared, and the globe lost its significance for navigation, but was very useful to schoolchildren. In the dictionary of the Russian language by S. I. Ozhegov we read: “Globe - a visual aid - a rotating model of the globe or other spherical celestial body.” We add that this model most correctly reflects both the appearance of the Earth and the ratio of its parts.
Globes have been made since ancient times. Ancient writers mention Crates from Pergamum, who more than 2000 years ago made the "earth globe". Unfortunately, no images of him have come down to us. The oldest surviving globe is considered to be an "earth apple" with a diameter of 0.54 meters, created in 1492 by the German geographer Martin Beheim from Nuremberg. When working on the "apple", he used materials from the famous traveler Marco Polo and the Portuguese, who sailed along the coast of Africa. But there is no image of America on this globe, since it has not yet been discovered.
150 years have passed, and globes have become quite popular. In London, for example, pocket globes the size of an orange were sold relatively cheaply, on the inside of the hemispheres of which a map of heavenly bodies was applied, that is, the globe was at the same time a model of the Earth and the starry sky. 
Vintage globe.
Gradually, the design of the globe became more complicated. In the 16th-18th centuries, they began to use a clock mechanism, with the help of which the globe rotated around its axis and it was possible to determine the time anywhere in the world. Sometimes a model of the Moon moving around it joined such a globe, and then it served not only as a universal clock, but also as a calendar. Many monarchs of Europe considered it obligatory to have globes in their office, and quite impressive in size, complex and richly decorated.
A unique globe with a diameter of about 3 meters is kept in St. Petersburg, which also serves as a planetarium. On the outer surface of it is applied a map of the Earth, on the inner - the starry sky. The history of this globe is interesting. In 1713, Peter I traveled to the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein (now the territory of Germany). During the trip, he visited Gottorp Castle. There he was struck by a globe of unusual size - And feet in diameter (3 meters 19 centimeters). It was claimed that the globe was made under the guidance of the famous traveler and geographer Adam Olearius. In gratitude for the military assistance provided by Peter I, the guardian of the young duke presented the wonder to the Russian emperor. This huge globe was taken to St. Petersburg, cutting through forest clearings. Subsequently, it was placed in the building of the newly built Kunstkamera, and after its opening in 1719, many people came to look at the amazing exhibit.
In 1747, a fire broke out in the Kunstkamera, and among the exhibits damaged by the fire was a gift from the duke. Only charred metal structures remained from the globe. Wanting to hide from the royal court the true extent of the damage suffered, the academy decided on its own to "build another ball of the same size as the first one." Several proposals were made, including by the famous mechanic-inventor Andrei Konstantinovich Nartov. In 1748, according to his project, the “compass master” Benjamin Scott and his assistant F. N. Tiryutin began work. The work took 7 years, but, according to contemporaries, the new globe turned out to be "the best art of the past." Until the end of the 18th century, its map continued to be replenished with the latest data related to geographical discoveries. The ball was fixed on a metal axis, a table and a bench were installed inside, on which 10-12 people could sit to observe the movement of celestial bodies, as in a planetarium (a map of the starry sky was made on the inner surface of the globe).
In Russia, one of the first original globes was made at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th century by the Pskov deacon Karp Maximov. The structure had a diameter of about 90 centimeters. Probably, this globe was given as a gift to the Russian emperor, since until 1793 it was kept in the Cabinet of Peter the Great in the Kunstkamera. Much attention was paid to the manufacture of globes by M. V. Lomonosov, who headed the Geographic Department of the Academy of Sciences.
According to experts, the globe made for the Paris Exhibition of 1899 is considered the largest in the world. Its diameter is 13 meters, and the length of the applied meridian is 40 meters, each millimeter corresponds to about a kilometer of the earth's surface. The weight of the globe was almost 10 tons (that's how much a modern bus weighs)! The globe rotated around its axis at a speed corresponding to the actual speed of the Earth's rotation. The relief of the earth's crust, country borders, sea routes, railways, routes of famous travelers, and even mineral deposits were marked on it.
A much smaller, but also very large, globe is kept in Denmark.
Initially, it was a spherical reservoir for natural gas, but about 50 years ago, one artist decided to apply geographical symbols characteristic of our planet to the outer surface of the metal ball to attract tourists. It turned out to be a huge globe.
Medieval scholar.
A giant globe has also been created in our country. It stands on the astronomical site of the Moscow Planetarium. The model of the globe, with a diameter of two and a half meters, is made of special durable materials specially developed for this purpose - fiberglass and polymers, painted with paints that are not afraid of precipitation (green valleys, blue seas, blue rivers). At 70 meters from the globe, on the roof of the building next to the astronomical site, a second ball is installed - this is a model of the Moon. Its diameter is 70 centimeters. These dimensions were not chosen by chance. The result was a real mock-up Earth-Moon system, it is smaller than the real "only" by 5 million times.
If you have read M. Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita, then you probably remember Woland's "Prince of Darkness" globe. The globe lived the life of the earth. If some part of it was filled with blood, it means that a war began at the corresponding point on the globe. Looking closely, one could see all the details of the battles - destroyed houses, dead people. But such a globe is the fantasy of a brilliant writer. And what kind of globes are there in reality? A wide variety of models of the Earth are produced. The most common are political, reflecting the modern territorial division of the world, and physical, showing the physical and geographical structure of the Earth. Especially peculiar are the so-called relief globes with molded, convex surfaces of mountains and hills. And probably, these small balls, showing our planet as only astronauts see it, will serve people for a long time to come.