Unusual facts about Russians. An entertaining selection of facts about the Russian language

Russian Language Day is Russian and international Public Holiday. It is celebrated today, June 6th. VK Press has collected for you eight interesting facts about the Russian language, which is considered one of the most difficult to learn.

Fact No. 1. Words starting with “Y”

When you are asked to remember some words starting with the letter “Y”, you will agree that yogi with yogurt and Yoshkar-Ola most often come to mind. But this is not all that the language has to offer. It turns out that there are more than 70 words starting with “Y”. From simple ones: iota, Yorkshire, yeti, yon to more complex ones: yodargyrite, yogachary, Yohimbine.

Fact No. 2. The longest words in the Russian language

For example, the word “tetrahydropyranylcyclopentyltetrahydropyridopyridine”. It means Chemical substance. Do you agree that difficulties begin closer to the middle?
But we will pay attention to words that are closer and clearer in meaning, and we will leave the 55-letter articulation strength tester alone.
Already the adjective “overly considerate” contains 35 letters. By the way, it was once registered in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest Russian word.
It is believed that the longest verbs are “re-examine”, “substantialize” and “internationalize”. Each of them has 24 letters, and when they form forms with -ing and -having, then they already have 25 letters.
Among the nouns we can name “misanthropy” and “excellency”, which have 24 letters each.

Fact No. 3. Untranslatable words and phrases of the Russian language

There are several words in our language that are very difficult to find analogues in other languages. These are, first of all, our mysterious “maybe”, “I suppose”, “somehow”, which are very difficult for foreigners to understand. Secondly, “melancholy,” for which it is extremely difficult to even find a synonym, because it will not be able to fully convey this state.
Among the phrases that can confuse foreign guests are traditionally “No, probably not”, “Come on, see you tomorrow!”, “Good riddance”, “You can’t get around to looking”.

Fact No. 4. “Win ​​or win?”

If the verb does not have any form, then the so-called laws of euphony come into force. For example, very often a question arises with the verb “win”. If he “wins” and you “win”, then what remains for me? Will I “win” or “will I win?” Philologists encourage the use of options such as “I will win” or “I will become a winner.” Such verbs are called insufficient; they do not have a 1st person singular form. This also includes “to dare”, “to blow”, “to convince”, “to find oneself” and others.

Fact No. 5. Seven times "0" and three "E" in a row"

There is a word in our language in which the letter “O” appears as many as seven times - this is “defensiveness”. And we will find three letters “E” in a row only in the words “snake eater” and “long-necked”.

Fact No. 6. One root for two

In ancient Russian literature you can often find that the word “bee” is written as “bchela”; such an alternation of vowels ъ/ы can be explained by the origin of the sounds from one Indo-European sound u. The dialectal verb “buchat” means “roar”, “buzz”, “buzz” and is etymologically related to the words “bee”, “bug” and “bull”. Then it becomes clear what it was like general meaning of these words.

Fact No. 7. Eight mistakes in two letters

It turns out that there are cases where eight mistakes were made in a two-letter word. It's about about the Russian word "shchi". When Catherine the Great was still the German Princess Sophia, she once wrote it like this: “schtschi.” Everything here is written wrong.

Fact No. 8. Addressing people in Russian

The word “comrade”, previously necessary to address a person, is no longer used in our language, except in special circumstances. “Ladies and gentlemen” does not always sound appropriate, and the addresses “man” and “woman” are sometimes even rude, and not everyone can be called a “friend.” Therefore, the most appropriate treatment is usually selected for each individual situation.
Anna ANDRIYANENKO.

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Suddenly: words bull And bee- single-rooted. Words starting with letter Y, in our language there are as many as 74. And the Guinness Book of Records records a word 35 letters long.

website never ceases to be amazed by the complexity and richness of the Russian language and presents 20 entertaining and unexpected facts that you probably didn’t know:

• Most words with a letter F in Russian - borrowed. Pushkin was proud that in “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” there was only one word with this letter - fleet.

• There are only 74 words in the Russian language that begin with the letter Y. But most of us only remember iodine, yoga And Yoshkar-Olu.

• In Russian there are words in Y. These are the names of Russian cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Yllymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchansky, Ytyk-kyyol.

• The only words in Russian with three letters E in a row - this is long-necked(and others on - neck: For example, crooked-, short-).

• There is a word in the Russian language with a prefix unique to the language co- - nook.

• The only word in the Russian language that has no root is take out. It is believed that in this word there is a so-called zero root, alternating with the root - them- (take it out). Previously, until about the 17th century, this verb looked like take out, and it had a material root, the same as in remove, hug, understand(cf. remove, hug, understand), however subsequently the root - nya- was reinterpreted as a suffix - Well- (how in stick, blow).

• The only one-syllable adjective in Russian is wicked.

• The Russian language has words with prefixes unique to the language. And- (total, total) And A- (maybe; outdated "I'll be unlucky"), formed from unions And And A.

• Words bull And bee- single-rooted. In the works of ancient Russian literature the word bee written as bchela. Vowel alternation ъ / s explained by the origin of both sounds from one Indo-European sound u. If you remember the dialect verb rumble, having the meaning of “roar”, “buzz”, “buzz” and etymologically related to the words bee, bug And bull, then it becomes clear what the general meaning of these words was.
• Dahl suggested replacing foreign word atmosphere into Russian colosemica or world face.

• Until the 14th century in Rus', all indecent words were called “absurd verbs.”

• In the 1993 Guinness Book of Records, the longest word in the Russian language was named X-ray electrocardiographic, in the 2003 edition - overly considerate.

• In the 2003 edition of the Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language by A. A. Zaliznyak, the longest (in letters) common noun lexeme in dictionary form is an adjective private enterprise. Consists of 25 letters.

• The longest verbs are re-examine, become substantialized And internationalize(all - 24 letters; word forms -worrying And -having- 25 letters each).

• Longest nouns - misanthropy And Excellency(24 letters each; word forms -ami- 26 letters each, however, misanthropy practically not used in plurals. h.).

• The longest animate nouns are - eleventh grader And clerk(21 letters each, word forms -ami- 23 letters each).

• The longest adverb recorded in the dictionary is unsatisfactory(19 letters). However, we must take into account that the vast majority of qualitative adjectives th / -th adverbs are formed on -O / -e, which are not always recorded in the dictionary.

• The longest interjection included in the Grammar Dictionary is physical education - hi(15 or 14 letters depending on hyphen status).

• Word respectively is the longest preposition. It consists of 14 letters. Longest particle exclusively- a letter shorter.

• In Russian there are so-called insufficient verbs. Sometimes a verb does not have any form, and this is due to the laws of euphony. For example: win. He will win, you will win, I will... I'll win? I'll run? I'll win? Philologists suggest using substitute constructions "I will win" or "I'll be a winner". Since there is no 1st person singular form, the verb is "insufficient".

• To successfully master the difficult phrase “I love you,” the British use the mnemonic “yellow-blue bus.”

“Only a Russian man can look his beloved in the eyes, admire the eyes of the goddess, spit in the eyes of his neighbor and threaten to gouge out the eyes of his enemy.”

The Russian language is one of the most complex and rich languages ​​in the world. It has a long history of development. However, like Russia itself.

Language is not a random collection of letters and words. It represents a system. We see the richness of the Russian language at all its levels, from sounds to complex sentences and entire texts. For example, in Russian, one of the few languages, there is a division of verbs into persons. This is not found in English and many other languages ​​of the world.

The vocabulary of the Russian language contains enormous wealth. There are many words in it to denote not only feelings or actions, but even their shades.

A SELECTION OF THE MOST INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Most words with the letter F in Russian are borrowed. Pushkin was proud that in “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” there was only one word with this letter - fleet.

There are only 74 words in the Russian language that begin with the letter Y. But most of us only remember iodine, yoga and Yoshkar-Ola.

There are words starting with Y in the Russian language. These are the names of Russian cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Yllymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchansky, Ytyk-kyyol.

The only words in the Russian language with three letters E in a row are long-necked (and others on the neck: for example, crooked-, short-).

In the Russian language there is a word with a unique prefix “ko” - nook.

The only word in the Russian language that does not have a root is take out. It is believed that this word contains the so-called zero root, which alternates with the root -im- (take out-im-at). Previously, until about the 17th century, this verb looked like take out, and it had a material root, the same as in remove, embrace, understand (cf. remove, embrace, understand), but later the root -nya- was reinterpreted as the suffix - well- (as in stick, blow).

The only one-syllable adjective in the Russian language is evil.

In the Russian language there are words with prefixes unique to the language and- (total, total) and a- (maybe; obsolete “and you won’t be lucky”), formed from the conjunctions “and” and “a”.

The words bull and bee have the same root. In the works of ancient Russian literature, the word bee was written as bchela. The alternation of vowels ъ/ы is explained by the origin of both sounds from the same Indo-European sound u. If we recall the dialect verb buchat’, which has the meaning of “roar”, “buzz”, “buzz” and is etymologically related to the words bee, bug and bull, then it becomes clear what the general meaning of these words was.

Dahl proposed replacing the foreign word atmosphere with the Russian words kolozemitsa or mirokolitsa.

Until the 14th century in Rus', all indecent words were called “absurd verbs.”

In the 1993 Guinness Book of Records, the longest word in the Russian language was named X-ray electrocardiographic; in the 2003 edition, it was named “excessively considerate.”

In the Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language by A. A. Zaliznyak, 2003 edition, the longest (in letters) common noun lexeme in dictionary form is the adjective private entrepreneur. Consists of 25 letters.

The longest verbs are to re-examine, to substantiate and to internationalize (all - 24 letters; the word forms -уусиямїї and -вісті - 25 letters each).

The longest nouns are misanthropy and eminence (24 letters each; word forms -ami - 26 letters each, however, misanthropy is practically not used in the plural).

The longest animate nouns are eleventh-grader and clerk (21 letters each, word forms -ami - 23 letters each).

The longest adverb recorded by the dictionary is unsatisfactory (19 letters). However, it must be taken into account that the overwhelming majority of qualitative adjectives in -й / -й are formed into adverbs in -о / -е, which are not always recorded in the dictionary.

The longest interjection included in the Grammar Dictionary is fizkult-hello (15 or 14 letters depending on the status of the hyphen).

The word is accordingly the longest preposition. It consists of 14 letters. The longest particle is exclusively one letter shorter.

In Russian there are so-called insufficient verbs. Sometimes a verb does not have any form, and this is due to the laws of euphony. For example: win. He will win, you will win, I... will win? Shall I run? will I win? Philologists suggest using replacement constructions “I will win” or “I will become a winner.” Since there is no 1st person singular form, the verb is "insufficient".

To successfully master the difficult phrase “I love you,” the British use the mnemonic “yellow-blue bus.”

And yet, yes - in the Russian language there is a word with six consonant letters in a row, and even with only one vowel - vzbzdnil.

The Russian language is one of the most complex and amazing languages ​​on our planet. Its history and development are long, just like the history of our state. Did you know that there are 74 words in our language that begin with “Y”? And in the Guinness Book of Records there is a word consisting of 35 letters. People never cease to be amazed at the richness and complexity of the Russian language. Present to your attention Interesting Facts about the Russian language for a wall newspaper.

From the names of flowers

Poets have written a huge number of poems about flowers. It is difficult to choose a favorite flower, because there are many of them and each is beautiful in its own way. However, each of us has tried to make a bouquet at least once in our lives. Let's try to find out where the name of our favorite flowers came from in our language.

Let's start with the word "bouquet", which has French origin. Each plant has its own meaning. Thus, during the reign of Empress Catherine the Great, there was a registry about flowers, thanks to which people knew that red bouquets spoke of love, and yellow ones - of betrayal. Compositions from blue flowers given as a sign of recognition of fidelity. However, we are not interested in the language of flowers, but in their names.

Let's talk about gladiolus. The name of this flower sounds solemn and even courageous. It is directly related to gladiators. After all, “gladiolus” translated from Latin means “sword”.

And people call it “sword” because the leaves of the flower are long and sharp, like a real sword. Did you know that “aster” translated from ancient Greek means star? The ancient Greeks gave the flower this name because it has sharp petals. They make the aster look exactly like a star. These people believed that the aster could communicate with the stars.

And we continue to consider interesting facts about the Russian language. Let's move on to beautiful flower iris. And he also has Greek origin. The Greeks used the word “Iris” to describe the rainbow.

But let’s leave the ancient Greeks alone and talk about the dahlia flower. It turns out that it was named after the St. Petersburg professor, ethnographer and traveler Georgi Gottlieb.

Now you can not only compose and give a beautiful bouquet, but also briefly tell interesting facts about the Russian language and flowers!

"Yellow and Blue Bus"

Do you know how the British remember the reverent phrase “I love you”? You've never heard anything like this before. In order to successfully master a difficult phrase - a declaration of love, they use a mnemonic made up of three English words: “yellow-blue bus”. Our list of interesting facts about the Russian language does not end here. And we continue to surprise you again and again.

Are you coming with us to the forest to “break your lips”?

This is exactly how people in some rural areas of our state were invited to pick mushrooms. The thing is that our ancestors used to call mushrooms also lips. Philologists explained this phenomenon this way: the mushroom comes from the ancient Slavic word for “hump.” And humps were called boletus, boletus and other mushrooms whose cap looked like a hump. Saffron milk caps and milk mushrooms were called lips, since their caps resembled lips. So in V.I. Dahl’s dictionary you can find the phrase “break your lips,” which means the modern phenomenon of “picking mushrooms.” But in the Urals and in the outback of Siberia, a soup made from such mushrooms is called nothing more than “gubnitsa”.

“By the ruble” or “I’ll chop”?

We continue to share with you interesting facts about the Russian language. This time we'll talk about money. What do you think is the origin of proud word"ruble"? The head of the numismatics department of the Historical Museum in Moscow, Igor Shiryakov, advised us on this issue. He shared that no one still knows the true origin of the word “ruble”! For a long time it was believed that medieval ingots, cut in half, yielded two rubles. And then the Russian people realized that half is “polt”, which gave the name “poltina”. Then the ruble began to be called a whole ingot. For example, in the 14th century, a ruble ingot could buy 200 squirrel skins at once, and four centuries later, for 1 ruble you could buy 27 kilograms of fish and even meat. The interesting facts about the Russian language for the wall newspaper do not end there. And you and I move further through the expanses of our native language.

Word without root

When we were studying at primary school, our first teacher told us that every word has a root, and words that have the same roots are called related. But no matter how it is! In our native language Still, there was one word that does not correspond to this reality! The word “take out” turns out to have no root. Linguists believe that it contains a zero root, which alternates with the root /im/ in the word “take out/im/at”. In the 17th century, our ancestors said “take out” and it had a material root, the same as in the words “take off”, “understand”, “embrace” and others. But a little later, the root /nya/ was rethought into the suffix /nu/, as in the case of the words “shove”, “blow”. These are some educational and interesting facts about the Russian language for wall newspapers.

Break the stereotype about the letter

Yes, yes, that’s exactly what we’ll try to do now! You can name a few words starting with “Y” without difficulty. However, as mentioned above, there are at least 74 of them in the Russian language. But can you remember at least one word starting with the letter “Y”? Perhaps such a task will baffle even the most well-read person. But since we are talking about this, the Dictionary will come to our aid. geographical names Russian Federation". It is in this book that you can find words starting with the letter we are interested in. All of them indicate the names of domestic rivers and cities. Get ready to listen: Ygyatta, Ynakhsyt, Ytyk-kyuel and other no less strange names.

Is physician Guillaume Guillotin really so outstanding?

We bring to your attention another interesting fact about the Russian language for wall newspapers. If you are asked: have you heard anything about the French doctor Guillaume Guillotin? Of course, you will refuse. However, this is not the case. And here's the thing! This man, as he grew older, trained to be a doctor. He had a boundless love for medicine, and therefore wanted to gain world fame and recognition. Whether he became an outstanding doctor is up to each of us to decide. If you think that the weapon death penalty guillotine and the surname Guillotin are ironically consonant, then you are seriously mistaken.

The Frenchman Guillotin felt sorry for the criminals sentenced to death. Therefore, he invented a weapon that cuts off the head, and, according to Guillotin, painlessly sends the soul of the criminal to another world. Whether Guillaume Guillotin is so talented as a doctor is something everyone decides for himself.

Finally

Our article ends. We, as promised, told you interesting facts about the Russian language for the wall newspaper. We hope that the interesting material we collected was useful to you.

As they say, the Russian language is great and powerful. Today, many people no longer understand what they are writing, or rather, that they are making a lot of mistakes. But in vain. Still, when you communicate with someone by correspondence or on forums, it is much more pleasant to communicate with a person who does not make mistakes than with someone who wrote, “Hello. How are you? I’ll be free today at 9.” Agree that this is not a very pleasant read. But in general, we are not studying the rules of the Russian language here, but I would just like to cite a few very interesting and interesting facts about words in Russian.

1. There are only a few words with three identical vowels in a row, namely long-necked (short-necked, tortuous) and snake-eater.

2 . The only one-syllable adjective in the Russian language is Zloy.

3. In Russian there are two different words- Indian (indigenous) and Indian (resident of India). But in almost all other languages ​​these words are written and pronounced exactly the same.

4. The word "take out" has no root.

5. There are only three native Russian words that begin with the letter “A” - Az, Azbuka, Avos.

6. Previously, in Rus', obscene and indecent words were called “Ridiculous verbs.”

7. Many English people remember the sentence in Russian “I love you” thanks to three English words that sound similar - “Yellow Blue Bus”.

8. The longest recorded noun in the Russian language is “high excellency” (24 letters), an adverb is the word “unsatisfactory” (19 letters), the longest preposition is “accordingly” (14 letters), a particle is “exclusively” (13 letters), and the longest verb is “to be re-examined.”

9. Many people still argue about how to correctly pronounce the verb “Win” in the first person. Will I win? Or will I win? There are no such words, but philologists suggest replacing this word with “I will become a winner.”

10. Almost all words containing the letter “F” are borrowed. A.S. Pushkin was very proud that in his “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” the letter “F” appears in just one word - Fleet.

11. It is believed that there are no words starting with the letter “Y”. But that's not true. Many geographical names (cities, rivers) begin with this letter (Ygyatta, Yllymakh, Ynakhsyt).

12. Now many people do not attach importance to the letter “Ё”, but because of this trifle another word can turn out - case and case, donkey and donkey, everything and everything, sky and palate, perfect and perfect, etc.

13. There are no such words as “NO” and “THEY”.

14. The word “Umbrella” came to us from Holland initially in a diminutive form, and only later they began to use the simple word “Umbrella”.

15. The words “Dress” and “Put on” are two different words. They dress another person, but put it on themselves. To make it easier to remember, we came up with this short memo: “They put on Nadezhda, but they put on clothes.”

16. In Cyrillic, the letter “X” was pronounced as “Her”, which is where the word “poherit” came from, which meant “to cross out on paper”, and only later did this word acquire its modern meaning of “Lose”.

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