Nonspecific balanitis. Balanitis. Complete symptomatic picture

Balanitis is an inflammation of the glans penis resulting from the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms and exposure to traumatic factors. The incubation period for infection lasts from 10 days to 3 weeks, since the duration of this stage depends on the state of the patient's immune system. For this reason, men often seek help late, not even paying attention to the first signs of a problem.

Causes of inflammation

The main reason is poor hygiene and the accumulation of smegma under the foreskin, which becomes a favorable environment for the penetration and reproduction of pathogenic microflora. Other factors increase the likelihood of the onset of the disease:

Signs of balanitis

Common symptoms of balanitis include rashes on the surface of the head, malaise and weakness, as well as an increase in the lymph nodes that are located in the groin. Photos of the affected areas indicate that, depending on the degree and disease, additional manifestations may occur:

Diagnostic methods

Balanitis in men clearly manifests itself already at the initial stages of development, therefore, if alarming symptoms are detected, it is necessary to consult a doctor. For effective treatment, it is necessary to find the cause of the disease. For this purpose, a set of diagnostic procedures is prescribed, which include the following methods:

1. Scraping from the surface of the organ. The resulting material is sent to the laboratory for the study and detection of pathogenic microflora, its type is established.
2. Bacteriological culture. Using the technique, the number of microorganisms and their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs are determined.
3. Blood sugar analysis. Diagnosis helps to identify diabetes mellitus, which could cause the disease.
4. polymerase chain reaction. The type of pathogen is identified, including sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency viruses.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that they are being diagnosed, otherwise the risk of re-infection will be high.

How to treat balanitis

Therapy of pathology depends on the stage of inflammation and concomitant diseases. It is not recommended to carry out treatment at home without the advice of a doctor, because the wrong choice of drugs will lead to an increase in symptoms and the formation of complications.

Local therapy

In most cases, local therapy is prescribed, in the form of treatment of the skin of the organ with special means. These include drugs with an antiseptic effect:

In the process of treatment with these drugs, not only do the spot treatment of wounds, but also use baths with these antiseptics. The procedure is performed 2-3 times a day. Before starting treatment, it is necessary to wash the genitals and dry thoroughly with a towel.

A necessary component of the treatment of balanitis are ointments and creams. They have anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antibacterial properties, therefore they get rid of pathogenic microorganisms, restore tissues and improve the patient's well-being. These funds include:

Medicines are applied to the affected areas 1-3 times a day. You need to consult a doctor before starting therapy.

Use of antibiotics

If the disease is caused by infection, then broad-spectrum antibiotics will be required. Antibacterial drugs are:

If the surface of the head is inflamed, then the funds are used 1-2 times a day. Preparations with antibacterial effects are used only according to the testimony of a specialist, since it is necessary to diagnose and establish the type of pathogen.

Traditional medicine

To eliminate balanitis, you can use folk remedies. A consultation with a doctor before starting treatment is also necessary, since it is required to exclude the presence of an allergy.

St. John's wort reduces swelling and itching, so it is used when the disease manifests itself. The tool is prepared in the following way:

1. Grind the dried flowers of the plant.
2. Take 1 tsp. ingredient.
3. Pour the component with 250 ml of boiling water.
4. Leave for 20 minutes, then strain.

The liquid is used for baths or compresses. In the first case, the penis is washed with infusion, performing this procedure 2 times a day for 5-10 minutes. If a compress is used, then a cotton swab is moistened with liquid and applied to the affected areas. The event is carried out 2 times a day for 10-15 minutes.

In a similar way, a decoction of sage is used, which has a wound healing and anti-inflammatory effect. To prepare the remedy:

1. Take 2-3 tbsp. l. crushed component.
2. Pour the plant 0.5 boiling water.
3. Put on a slow fire and cook for 10 minutes.
4. Strain the remedy through cheesecloth and cool.

Used for rinsing and compresses.

Effectively eliminates psyllium inflammation. To use the plant you will need:

Dressings are changed every 3-4 hours.

To eliminate erosions and ulcers, a remedy consisting of olive oil and calendula flowers is suitable. Recipe:

1. Mix 1 tbsp. l. crushed flowers and 100 ml of oil.
2. Cover the container with a lid and insist 3 weeks in the sun.
3. Strain the remedy through cheesecloth.

The medicinal mixture is used to treat the affected areas. The procedure is performed 2-3 times a day.

Compresses soaked in chamomile decoction have an antiseptic effect. The medicine is prepared in the following way:

Cotton swabs are soaked in liquid, then applied to inflamed tissues. The compress is applied 3-4 times a day.

Possible Complications

If you do not follow the instructions of the doctor, then there is a high probability of developing an inflammatory process and the appearance of other pathologies. The patient may experience the following complications:

Disease prevention

To avoid the appearance of balanitis, the following rules must be observed:

Prevention methods are aimed at preventing the development of the disease and reducing the likelihood of provoking factors.

Balanitis is one of the most common diseases of the male genital area. This disease can affect both adults and children. The disease requires timely diagnosis and an integrated approach to treatment. This is the only way to prevent the consequences that negatively affect the health of a man.

What is balanitis

Balanitis is an inflammatory process affecting the glans penis. The disease brings a lot of discomfort and quite often proceeds with vivid symptoms. If the inflammation also affects the foreskin, then such a pathology is called balanoposthitis.

Depending on the cause that caused the disease, there is one or another clinical picture. Usually, the head of the penis with balanitis looks edematous and reddened due to overflow of the organ with blood (hyperemia).

Balanitis covers only the head of the penis, in contrast to balanoposthitis, in which the head and the foreskin that covers it become inflamed

According to experts, after circumcision, the risk of developing balanitis is reduced several times.

Video: balanitis and balanoposthitis

Types of the disease and their features

To date, the following types of balanitis are distinguished:

1. By the nature of the flow:
   • acute - occurs suddenly, proceeds with vivid symptoms, with untimely treatment, it quickly becomes chronic;
   • chronic - can accompany a man throughout his life, periods of remission are replaced by relapses.
2. Depending on the pathogen:
   • chlamydial - is a consequence of the introduction of pathogenic microflora (in structure, chlamydia is similar to a virus and a bacterium at the same time), it is difficult and has many dangerous consequences;
   • bacterial - develops during the reproduction of pathogens (staphylococci, streptococci, Escherichia coli), is one of the most common species;
   • viral - most often provoked by a herpes infection, proceeds with the formation of bubbles on the head of the penis;
   • anaerobic - it is caused by gram-negative microorganisms, more often gardnerella;
   • trichomonas - the most common type of balanitis that occurs as a result of unprotected intercourse, accompanied by itching and burning.
3. Depending on the clinical picture:
   • gangrenous - leads to necrosis of the tissues of the head of the penis;
   • Zuna - manifests itself in the formation of pink plaques, at present this species is not fully understood;
   • ring-shaped - a wet plaque appears on the head of the penis, which has jagged edges;
   • atrophic - normal epithelium begins to be replaced by necrotic;
   • erosive - the head of the penis is covered with small wounds;
   • ulcerative - unlike the previous species, the size and depth of the wounds are more extensive;
   • circinar - provoked by pathogenic microflora (usually chlamydia) and is accompanied by the formation of red spots on the surface of the head of the penis;
   • xerotic - a type of infectious lesion of the head, which is accompanied by dryness and itching.
4. Depending on the provoking factor:
   • traumatic - occurs as a result of a blow to the inguinal region;
   • adhesive - more often affects children and is the result of poor hygiene;
   • obliterating - is a form of lichen, can occur at any age.
5. Additionally, allocate:
   • specific - a confirmed type of disease with an identified cause;
   • nonspecific - an unrefined form of balanitis, the provoking factor of which is unknown.

Causes and provoking factors

The causes of balanitis can be:

• reproduction of pathogenic microflora in the absence of timely hygiene;
• decreased immunity;
• autoimmune diseases;
• diabetes;
• sexually transmitted infections;
• constriction of the foreskin.

Balanitis can occur as a result of a severe allergic reaction, with a characteristic small rash on the glans penis.

Symptoms of the disease

In any form of balanitis, a distinctive feature in the clinical picture are traces of an inflammatory process that affects only the head and does not pass to the entire organ. Also, balanitis can be accompanied by such symptoms:

• increase in body temperature;
• pain in the groin area;
• the occurrence of ulcers and erosions on the head of the penis;
• pain when urinating;
• cheesy or purulent discharge;
• the formation of red spots that periodically get wet;
• burning and itching in the penis;
• small rash.

Diagnostics

The main methods for diagnosing balanitis are a medical examination and questioning of the patient. The urologist can make a preliminary diagnosis based on the analysis of the patient's complaints and the appearance of the penis.

However, additional methods are used to identify the causes of balanitis and distinguish it from other diseases:

1. Tests for infections and sexually transmitted viruses. This method allows you to exclude diseases such as gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, trichomoniasis, etc. The form of the study depends on what disease the doctor suspects, it can be bacteriological culture, microscopy, etc.
2. Scraping and its subsequent study to determine whether the cause of the disease is a candidal infection.
3. A swab from the urethra to determine chlamydial infections.
4. PCR study of the contents of the urethra. An important method to identify whether streptococci are the cause of balanitis.
5. Blood test for glucose. This type of study makes it possible to exclude the presence of diabetes mellitus, which is often a provocateur of the development of the disease at an older age.

It is important to differentiate balanitis from penile cancer, the initial symptoms of which are similar to the clinical picture of the inflammatory process.

Treatment of balanitis

The inflammatory process can only be eliminated comprehensively. The most effective method of treatment is the use of medications that affect the pathogenic microflora that provoked balanitis. Additionally, physiotherapy, folk methods and dietary nutrition are used. If balanitis occurs in a gangrenous form, then surgical intervention is prescribed.

Medical therapy

Depending on the causative agent of the inflammatory process, the following groups of drugs are used:

1. Antibiotics: Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Sumamed, etc. They are used when bacteria are detected: staphylococci, streptococci, etc. These agents suppress the reproduction of pathogenic microflora.
2. Antiprotozoal: Metronidazole, Trichopolum, etc. Active against protozoa, which often become provocateurs of the inflammatory process.
3. Antifungal: Pimafucin, Clotrimazole, Triderm, etc. If the cause of the inflammatory process is a candidal infection, then these drugs are prescribed in the form of ointments and creams for external use. It is necessary to process the head of the penis several times a day.
4. Anti-inflammatory drugs with antiseptic action: Miramistin, Fukortsin, Levomekol, etc. These topical agents are used to treat the glans penis. They have a detrimental effect on a wide range of microbes and reduce the severity of symptoms.

Preparations for balanitis are prescribed only by a doctor, since there are a large number of forms of the disease that cannot be differentiated independently.

Photo gallery: medicines that are used to eliminate inflammation

Sumamed destroys a wide range of microorganisms Metronidazole is an antiprotozoal drug
Pimafucin has an antifungal effect Miramistin relieves inflammation Levosin accelerates tissue healing

Folk remedies

Folk remedies that are used to treat balanitis:

1. Anti-inflammatory infusion. It will take 1 tbsp. l. dry chamomile flowers, which should be poured with 200 ml of boiling water. Then let it brew for an hour. After that filter. Use the infusion to treat the penis 4 times a day, the duration of use is at least 10 days.
2. Antiseptic decoction. 2 tbsp. l. sage herbs must be poured with 400 ml of boiling water and simmered over low heat for 10 minutes. Then let it brew for another hour. After that, filter and use for a compress. Moisten the bandage thoroughly and wrap it around the head of the penis, leaving it for 15 minutes. Repeat the procedure 2 times a day for two weeks.
3. Regenerating infusion. It will take 1 tbsp. l. St. John's wort, which must be poured with a glass of boiling water and let it brew for two hours. After that, strain. The infusion should be used to wipe the penis 3 times a day for a week.

Folk remedies can be used in combination with medicines after prior consultation with a doctor.

During treatment, loose underwear made from natural fabrics should be worn.

Photo gallery: ingredients for traditional medicine recipes

Chamomile has an anti-inflammatory effect in balanitis Sage prevents the reproduction of pathogenic microflora, providing an antiseptic effect St. John's wort has a regenerating effect

Physiotherapy procedures

The main methods of physiotherapy that complement drug treatment:

1. Electrophoresis. High-frequency current allows you to quickly get rid of the inflammatory process, creating a depot through which medicinal substances quickly penetrate to the affected area.
2. Ozone therapy. This technique has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Ozone in combination with saline is injected into the blood.
3. UHF. The high-frequency magnetic field accelerates blood flow in the affected area, relieving inflammation and speeding up the healing process.

Physiotherapy methods are not used as the main treatment, as they cannot eliminate the main cause of balanitis.

Photo gallery: physiotherapy procedures

Electrophoresis allows you to create a drug depot, enhancing the effect of UHF preparations - a technique based on a powerful electromagnetic field Ozone therapy has a beneficial effect on immunity

Surgical intervention

Surgical intervention for balanitis is practically not used, since drug therapy gives a good result. The operation is necessary for the gangrenous form, when the disease is running. In this case, the affected tissue is excised in order to stop the pathological process.

Apply standard intervention with a scalpel, as well as laser vaporization and cryodestruction. Vaporization minimizes damage to healthy tissue. The laser acts only on the affected areas, leading to their heating and further exfoliation. In place of the evaporated area, a new layer of epithelium is formed. Cryodestruction gives the same result as a laser, however, the effect on tissues is carried out with the help of liquid nitrogen, which has a temperature of -200 C o.

The surgery is performed under local anesthesia.

Diet food

A diet with balanitis helps to recover faster and is aimed at strengthening the body's defenses. You should eat at least 4 times a day at regular intervals. First of all, it is recommended to give up fatty and fried foods, alcohol, soda, caffeine, chocolate and fast food. The diet should include:

• vegetables and fruits;
• whole wheat bread;
• dairy products;
• olive oil;
• cereals;
• dried fruits;
• nuts;
• fish.

It is necessary to observe the drinking regimen. Up to 1.5-2 liters of pure water should be consumed per day. Freshly squeezed juices will also help.

Photo gallery: products that should be included in the menu

Vegetables and fruits are high in fiber Whole grain bread contains healthy grains Dairy products contain natural protein
Olive oil can be used to dress salads Cereals help to cleanse the intestines of toxins Dried fruits are better to use instead of chocolate Nuts contain healthy fats Steamed fish can be combined with vegetables

Features of treatment in children

Treatment in children is carried out by washing the head of the penis with antiseptic solutions. For these purposes, a solution of potassium permanganate, Miramistin, Chlorhexidine, etc. is used. Decoctions of chamomile and sage are also used to treat children. Beneficial sitz baths. It is important to monitor the hygiene of the genitals. It is necessary to wash the penis with soapy water at least 3 times a day.

Treatment of children is carried out only after prior consultation with a pediatrician.

Treatment prognosis and consequences

The prognosis of treatment for balanitis in most cases is favorable. With a timely approach to therapy, it is possible to get rid of the inflammatory process within 10 days. However, if the disease is started, then you can face a number of consequences, the main of which are:

• the transition of the erosive form to the ulcerative;
• development of cystitis;
• atrophy of the tissues of the penis.

Prevention

Prevention of balanitis consists in observing the following rules:

1. Timely treatment of chronic foci of infection.
2. Use of barrier methods of contraception.
3. Personal hygiene and daily change of underwear.
4. Proper nutrition.
5. Strengthening immunity: hardening, taking vitamins.
6. Blood sugar control in diabetes.

Modern methods of treatment allow you to quickly and effectively get rid of balanitis. The disease responds well to therapy. It is important to consult a doctor in time and not start the pathological process. Preventive measures will help prevent the problem from reoccurring.

Chlamydial balanitis is a sexually transmitted disease in which, as a result of the vital activity of chlamydia, an inflammatory process develops on the glans penis. With the spread of this pathology to the inner leaf of the foreskin, chlamydial balanoposthitis is diagnosed. It is necessary to consider in detail the causes of the disease, symptoms, methods of treatment.

Causes

The appearance of chlamydial balanitis and balanoposthitis on the foreskin and glans penis of a man is associated with his reckless sexual contact with a patient with chlamydia.

Pathogenic bacteria - chlamydia, which, under favorable conditions, easily multiply on the mucous membranes of the male genital organ, are considered the source of infection. These microbes in terms of behavior and development occupy an intermediate position between bacteria and viruses. A feature of the development of chlamydial balanoposthitis (unlike balanitis) is the attachment of other pathogenic microbes to chlamydia. We can name the reasons contributing to the spread of these bacterial infections:

The foreskin is a reservoir of smegma, which, in case of insufficient observance of personal hygiene rules, is a favorable environment for the reproduction of bacteria. Smegma consists of dead epithelium, sweat, urine, sebaceous secretion, etc.

The advanced form of balanitis and balanoposthitis in men can lead to the spread of infection deep into the body, to damage to the epididymis, urethra, prostate, mucous membranes of the eyes, etc.

Symptoms of chlamydial balanitis and balanoposthitis

Balanitis and balanoposthitis caused by chlamydia have a somewhat muffled symptomatic picture, not as bright as in other infectious diseases.

The day after infection, a man may show the first signs of the disease. On the head of the penis occur:

• strictly defined lesions of red color;
• slight swelling;
• itching, soreness and burning during urination, during intercourse.

At the initial stages of the disease, destruction of the skin in the form of ulcers and erosion does not occur. Swelling and pain are mild.

If the infection is not treated, then after 2 months it becomes chronic. She is characterized by the following symptoms:

• regular discharge from the urethra with an unpleasant odor;
• hyperemia of the mucous membranes of the glans penis and foreskin;
• possible development of phimosis;
• swollen lymph nodes;
• general weakness.

The insidiousness of an infection that occurs in a chronic form is that, despite the apparent remission, the disease spreads rapidly into the body, and this condition is difficult to treat.

Pathology can last for years, with alternating periods of exacerbation and remission. Over time, a neglected infection leads to severe complications:

• difficulty urinating;
• erectile dysfunction;
• gangrene of the penis;
• lymphadenitis in the groin;
• and etc.

Normal sexual life for the patient becomes impossible. The sooner treatment is started, the better the outcome will be.

Diagnostics

An experienced venereologist or urologist can visually (even from a photo) determine balanitis or balanoposthitis. But to make an accurate diagnosis with the identification of the true causes and prescribe the necessary treatment is possible only after laboratory tests. To do this, biological material is collected from the mucous membranes of the patient's genital organ: scrapings from foci of inflammation, a smear from the preputial sac, blood, urine, semen, and discharge from the urethra.

Modern diagnostic methods for the study of infectious agents of sexually transmitted diseases are:

Cultural analysis, being one of the most accurate diagnostic methods, allows you to determine the sensitivity of the microbe to antibacterial drugs. This facilitates the selection of effective drugs for the treatment of infection.

During the diagnosis, a study is carried out for the presence of STDs in order to exclude such serious sexually transmitted diseases as syphilis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, etc.

Medical treatment

The treatment is intended to:

• neutralize infectious agents;
• increase the defenses of the patient's body;
• eliminate the inflammatory process;
• prevent complications from occurring.

It is possible to get rid of chlamydial balanitis and balanoposthitis only with an integrated approach to solving this problem. Treatment of these infections includes systemic and general remedies.

The leading role in the systemic treatment of balanitis and balanoposthitis caused by chlamydia belongs to broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs - Azithromycin and its analogues (Erythromycin, Zitrolex, etc.). The active substance of the antibiotic is easily introduced into the infected cell and adversely affects the pathogenic microbe. Systemic drugs can be given as tablets, intravenous infusions, and intramuscular injections. In addition to antibiotics, probiotics are prescribed, which reduce the negative effects of drugs on the gastrointestinal tract.

In the fight against chlamydia, one cannot do without the use of immunomodulators that increase the body's defenses.

The simultaneous use of antibiotics and alcohol is strictly prohibited. The entire period of treatment, the patient should refrain from taking any alcoholic beverages. To avoid re-infection, sexual partners should also undergo a course of antibiotic therapy.

Local treatment for chlamydial balanitis and balanoposthitis is carried out using:

• antibacterial ointments (,) and creams (, synthomycin liniment);
• antiseptic solutions (Chlorhexidine, Chlorophyllipt,).

Antiseptic solutions have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory properties. They are prescribed in the form of irrigation, instillations, baths.

Treatment of balanitis and balanoposthitis caused by chlamydia should be carried out at home, but the supervision of the attending physician is necessary. Self-medication will only aggravate the patient's condition. One of the prerequisites for a successful cure for infection is a thorough hygienic care of the genitals.

In the event of serious complications, the patient is hospitalized in a medical facility.

Treatment with traditional medicine

As an addition to the traditional therapy of chlamydial balanitis and balanoposthitis, after prior agreement with the attending physician, traditional medicine can be used.

Non-traditional treatment is based on the elimination of the clinical manifestations of the disease with the help of medicinal plants that have antiseptic, analgesic, healing, anti-inflammatory effects. We must not forget when using folk remedies about an allergic reaction to some plants.

Antiseptic decoctions are most often prepared from these medicinal plants for medicinal purposes. To do this, take 1 tbsp. l. crushed dry raw materials, pour water in an amount of 1 liter. Boil on low heat for 15-20 minutes, then insist and filter.

From the resulting product, you can make baths, lotions, or you can add it to water during hygiene procedures.

The juice of some plants (aloe, plantain) can be used in its pure form, only slightly diluted with water.

Conclusion on the topic

Bacterial balanitis and balanoposthitis are venereal diseases with known serious complications. In order to prevent serious consequences, you should consult a doctor in a timely manner for qualified help.

Balanitis in men is a disease in which the inflammatory process develops on the glans penis. The disease occurs in representatives of the stronger sex, regardless of age.

Very often, the disease passes into, in which the inner leaf of the foreskin is involved in the inflammatory process. The disease is acute and chronic, as well as primary and secondary.

What is this disease?

Balanitis is characterized by the appearance of severe pain and itching on the penis. The disease affects not only adult men, but also little boys. Pathogenic microorganisms or mechanical trauma to the penis can act as an etiological factor. Close, uncomfortable underwear, non-compliance with hygiene rules - all this can cause an inflammatory process.

Primary balanitis is usually caused by a fungal infection, against which an inflammatory process develops. As a result of the active reproduction of pathogens, smegma begins to accumulate under the foreskin, which in itself can provoke irritation and inflammation.

Smegma is white in color and has a curdled texture. In fact, it is a mixture of sweat, bacteria, epithelium, secretion of the sebaceous glands, urine crystals. This substance is a good medium for the active reproduction of pathogenic microflora. With a long stay of smegma in the folds of the penis, the probability of infection is one hundred percent.

If we talk about secondary balanitis, then it develops due to the spread of microorganisms from the urethra. For example, a secondary type might arise as a result of .

Causes of balanitis

Consider the main provoking factors for the development of balanitis:

• phimosis, in which there is a narrowness of the foreskin. The disease leads to incomplete opening of the glans penis leading to the impossibility of full exercise;
• infectious diseases of a viral, bacterial, fungal nature;
• damage, for example, as a result of rubbing against laundry. In general, the skin of the glans penis is thin and even the slightest damage can injure it, even elementary abrasions and abrasions;
• diabetes;
• allergy;
• anemia;
• weakened immunity;
• urological problems, in particular, infection with purulent discharge from the urethra;
• rare washing of the genitals.

Clinical symptoms

The main manifestations of balanitis are the following symptoms:

• itching and burning of the glans penis;
• hyperemia and edema;
• purulent discharge from the urethra, which have an unpleasant odor;
• the appearance of sores on the penis;
• cramps during urination;
• pain worse when walking;
• papules, cracks, crusts;
• peeling;
• joint pain, arthritis;
• rashes;
• conjunctivitis;
• enlarged inguinal lymph nodes;
• general weakness.

In general, the clinical manifestations in each case can be strikingly different, and there are not so many characteristic symptoms. There is even an asymptomatic, atypical course of balanitis.

Stages of pathology

Consider the main stages of balanitis:

• initial. Discomfort, burning, itching, swelling and hyperemia of the head. Symptoms are aggravated when trying to open the head;
• acute. General symptoms join local symptoms: weakness, headache, fever;
• chronic balanitis, balanoposthitis. Clinical manifestations become stable, cracks and discharge from the urethra appear.

Varieties of balanitis

Depending on the nature of the lesion, the following forms of the disease are distinguished:

• catarrhal. From the urethra, the discharge is white, mucous in nature. There is swelling and redness;
• erosive. In addition to hyperemia, sores appear;
• ulcerative. Defects on the skin are deeper.

Depending on the severity of the course of the pathological process, two forms are distinguished:

• acute balanitis. It is characterized by the appearance of the following symptoms: pain, itching, swelling, redness, abrasions, erosion, unpleasant odor;
• chronic balanitis. Hyperemia is present in small areas of the penis. Pain and swelling are mild and practically absent. If the process is long-term, then phimosis may develop.

Let's talk about the forms of the disease in more detail. Treatment largely depends on the type of balanitis.

Chronic balanitis

The chronic process develops in the absence of adequate therapy for acute balanitis. Relapses of the disease lead to the skin on the head and the foreskin becomes wrinkled. This is a rather insidious form that is resistant to treatment.

As a rule, chronic balanitis is the result of exposure to a sexual infection, namely:

• trichomonas;
• gardnerella;
• viruses, in particular herpes;
• yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida;
• ureaplasma and mycoplasma.

The chronic form is characterized by the appearance of persistent clinical symptoms that are difficult to treat. A person may have a fever and significantly worsen overall well-being.

It is worth recognizing the fact that therapeutic treatment for chronic balanitis is ineffective. In order to avoid the occurrence of serious complications, hygiene procedures play an important role.

Experts recommend making warm baths with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. You should also use powders, such as talc or zinc. Sometimes doctors attribute ointments with an antibacterial and corticosteroid component. Nevertheless, all of the above will definitely not lead to a complete cure. In this situation, surgical treatment is indicated. After the operation, the possibility of recurrence is equal to zero.

The benefits of circumcision are:

• significant facilitation of hygienic procedures of the genital organs;
• reducing the likelihood of urinary infections;
• according to some doctors, the operation reduces the risk of infection with sexually transmitted infections.

Candida balanitis

The candidal form is caused by yeast-like fungi. In general, this type of disease is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection. This is due to the fact that fungi are present in a healthy body, but under the influence of certain factors, they begin to actively multiply, leading to the appearance of an inflammatory process. The pathogenicity of fungal microorganisms is conditional, they can exist all their lives in the body and absolutely do not manifest themselves.

Consider the provoking factors for the development of candidal lesions of the penis:

• metabolic disorders, in particular diabetes mellitus;
• lack of respect for intimate hygiene;
• wearing synthetic underwear;
• promiscuity in choosing a sexual partner, as well as unprotected intercourse;
• weakening of immunity, both local and general;
• prolonged or uncontrolled use of hormonal and antibacterial agents;
• hypovitaminosis;
• the presence of phimosis.

Itchy red skin is the first and specific signal of danger. Not to be confused with an allergic reaction or a manifestation after an injury. In any case, a specialist should analyze the clinical symptoms.

The candidal form has a number of symptoms:

• the head of the penis swells, increases in size, and also acquires a red or even black tint;
• an unpleasant sour smell that remains even after taking a shower;
• erosion and spots;
• white plaque, as well as curdled discharge.

At the time of treatment of the candidal form, it is better to exclude sexual intercourse and undergo treatment for both partners. Simultaneously with antifungal agents, immunomodulatory and, if necessary, probiotic agents are prescribed. There is a latent form in which men are not bothered by clinical symptoms, but this does not mean that everything is fine, he is a carrier of the infection and must undergo a course of treatment.

Popular drugs with antifungal activity are such drugs:

• fluconazole;
• nystatin;
• diflucan.

Xerotic balanitis

Balanitis obliterans is characterized by the appearance of whitish spots and hyperkeratotic foci in the region of the head and foreskin, as well as wrinkling of the skin of the penis. In some cases, a histological examination or biopsy is necessary to make a diagnosis.

The etiology of this species is still unclear. In fact, provoking developmental factors can be of a genetic, infectious, hormonal or autoimmune nature. Let's consider some of them:

• lichen sclerosus;
• psoriasis;
• vitiligo;
• diabetes;
• phimosis;
• trauma, etc.

Obliterating xerotic balanitis is characterized by the appearance of such symptoms:

• spots;
• bubbles;
• sclerotic plaques;
• tears;
• difficulty urinating, urine is excreted in a thin stream, the patient has to strain hard.

At the initial stage of the development of the pathological process, the foreskin is circumcised. In the second degree, characterized by narrowing of the urethra, a meatotomy is required. At the third and fourth stages, reconstructive plastic surgery of the urethra is performed.

Circinary balanitis

This is a specific form of the disease, in which bright red superficial erosions appear on the penis. Erosions tend to merge, as a result, they form huge lesions with clear boundaries.

Burning and itching appear in rare cases. Pain may also not be present. In the absence of adequate therapy, white-gray spots appear, swelling, which in turn can lead to the development of gangrene.

Microbial infection is the most common cause of the development of the circinary form. It can be fungi, bacteria, chlamydia. Poor hygiene can also be the reason.

Treatment is directly related to the type of pathogen. With a bacterial or fungal nature, antibiotics and antimycotic drugs are prescribed. With phimosis, surgery is indicated. If it's all about the lack of personal hygiene, then erosion is treated with antiseptic solutions and antibiotic ointments. In general, treatment involves the following measures:

• antibacterial therapy;
• ointments and creams based on antibiotics;
• immunomodulatory agents;
• surgery to excise the foreskin.

allergic form

Food, latex, contraceptives in the form of gels, tablets - all this can cause an increased reaction of the body. Burning, itching, rashes, blisters, spots and even erosion - all this may differ in an allergic form.

Treatment includes a whole range of actions:

• antibacterial agents;
• vitamin therapy;
• baths based on antiseptics;
• termination of contact with the means that served as allergens: ointments, creams, contraceptives, etc.

Erosive balanitis

First, the head of the penis becomes inflamed, white convex spots appear on the skin, after they have peeled off, red erosions remain in their place. This process is accompanied by the appearance of itching and burning. A dangerous complication is the development of gangrenous balanoposthitis.

Provocative factors include:

• infection;
• features of the anatomical structure;
• masturbation;
• inflammation of the urinary tract;
• phimosis;
• chronic diseases.

Uncomplicated forms are treated with corticosteroid ointments, powdering, washing the penis with antiseptic solutions. Complicated forms are fought with antibiotic therapy or even surgery.

Chlamydial balanitis

The disease can appear due to a number of reasons, for example, during unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner. The first symptoms of infection are swelling and redness of the penis. Also, a man is worried about itching and burning during intimacy and urination. With advanced forms, these symptoms may even appear at rest.

In addition, the provoking causes include the narrowness of the urethra and the anatomical features of the body. Both the lack of hygiene and, conversely, the abuse of aggressive detergents, can provoke the development of the disease.

The doctor makes a diagnosis based on a smear test. Self-medication in this case is unacceptable. Treatment includes the following:

• ointments and creams to soften the skin of the head of the penis;
• rays Bucca;
• vitamin therapy;
• excision of the foreskin.

Complications with balanitis

Balanitis in some cases can lead to the development of such consequences, namely:

• infectious processes of the bladder or kidneys;
• decreased sensitivity of the head of the penis;
• gangrene of the penis;
• inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes, as well as the penis;
• narrowing of the foreskin;
• meatal stenosis, in which the urethra narrows and urination is disturbed.

Prevention

In order to prevent the occurrence of the disease, follow these recommendations:

• proper observance of the rules of intimate hygiene. This includes daily washing of the penis and regular change of underwear;
• timely treatment of diseases of the urinary tract;
• wearing comfortable underwear made from natural fabrics;
• the use of high-quality hygiene products;
• adequate therapy for phimosis;
• protected sex;
• if it is impossible to expose the head of the penis, you should immediately contact a urologist;
• prevention of diabetes and intestinal diseases.

Diagnostics

To make an accurate diagnosis and identify the true causes, the following tests will be required:

• bacteriological examination of a smear from the urethra to identify the pathogen;
• examination for the presence of sexually transmitted infections;
• general examination of blood and urine;
• blood glucose test.

Diagnosis is carried out by a urologist who will be able to identify the exact stage of the pathological process and prescribe the optimal treatment for a particular patient. Self-diagnosis can lead to serious complications and even the inability to lead a full life. The sooner you start the examination, the greater the chances of recovery!

How to treat balanitis?

Treatment of balanitis is local and systemic. First, let's talk about the local, it includes:

• hygienic baths for twenty minutes based on saline or weak antiseptic solutions;
• the use of antibacterial ointments;
• creams with antifungal activity;
• hormonal agents.

Systemic treatment includes the use of oral or parenteral antibiotics. Physiotherapeutic procedures are also carried out: UHF, magnetotherapy, laser therapy.

Treatment at home

Home treatment is not carried out if complications occur, such as. In this situation, surgical intervention is indispensable. With a non-complicated form of balanitis, it can be treated at home, but under the supervision of a specialist and with strict observance of his instructions:

• washing the penis with soapy water;
• treatment of the head with furacilin or hydrogen peroxide;
• if possible, the head must be carefully opened and cleaned of accumulated smegma;
• treatment with ointments and creams of the affected areas;
• strengthening immunity;
• moderate physical activity;
• hardening of the body;
• balanced and fortified diet.

Alternative treatment

Non-traditional recipes will not fix the problem. And only contribute to the reduction of clinical symptoms. They should be used under the supervision of a specialist. Consider popular traditional medicine recipes designed to combat balanitis:

• aloe. A leaf of this plant is applied to the affected area. First, the sheet should be washed, cleaned of thorns and remove the top layer. You can carry out this procedure twice a day until you feel better;
• sage. We prepare the infusion, for this two tablespoons are poured with half a liter of boiling water. After the solution has cooled, it is filtered and allowed to brew. You can use the infusion in the form of compresses that are applied to the affected area;
• St. John's wort. We prepare a decoction at the rate of: a tablespoon per glass of water. Next, we make baths from the resulting product;
• infusion of calendula and olive oil. This recipe is especially effective in the presence of ulcers and erosions. You need to take a tablespoon of calendula flowers and a third of olive oil. You need to insist on the mass for a week under the sun. After the agent has been filtered, it can be used to lubricate the affected areas;
• plantain. The plant copes well with the inflammatory process. The leaves should be washed and mashed so that juice comes out on their surface. It is necessary to use the plant in the form of dressings, which are done three times a day and even more;
• Oak bark. To prepare a decoction, a spoonful of young bark is poured with half a liter of water and boiled over low heat for twenty minutes. Then the solution should be infused for half an hour. You can use the resulting product as washing the penis or baths.

The systemic application of the above recipes gives good results. But you should not forget about the individual intolerance of some medicinal plants, which is a contraindication for use.

Preparations and ointments for balanitis

In the treatment of balanitis, antibiotics can be used, namely:

• erythromycin;

The following agents are used as antiseptics:

• in the form of a compress or baths;
• potassium permanganate for bathing;
• furatsilin;
• hydrogen peroxide.

What can be said about balanitis? This is an unpleasant disease that causes uncomfortable symptoms. The disease is treatable if you consult a doctor in time and do not engage in self-diagnosis.

There are many forms of balanitis, respectively, and the treatment will differ in each case. Drug treatment can be supplemented with non-traditional prescriptions, the use of which is possible after consultation with a doctor.

In some cases, you can not do without surgical intervention. Timely diagnosis and adequate therapy is the key to a speedy recovery!